Lymphoma Of Cervix Research Articles

Head and neck lymphomas - a retrospective ten-year observation.

Aim of the studyLymphomas are a heterogeneous group of tumours of lymphoid tissue in which there is an abnormal proliferation of cells of the lymphatic system. The literature notes a gradual increase in the incidence of this type of cancer in the whole population. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the above tendency occurs in the head and neck area.Material and methodsIn the years 2005–2014, at the Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology Department of the Upper Silesian Medical Centre in Katowice, 77 cases of lymphoma were recorded, 58 of which were analysed in terms of location, histological type, age and sex of the patient, and the presence of risk factors.ResultsThe vast majority of them were non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) – 67.53%. Hodgkin’s lymphomas (HL) accounted for only a small fraction of diagnoses (7.79%). In terms of histopathological types, in most cases of NHL, there occurred diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) – 51.92%. The most common location was the lymph nodes, representing the location of the primary lesion in more than half of the cases. As regards the extranodal location, the Waldeyer ring dominated (54.54%) along with the palatal tonsil (40.90%).There has been a significant upward trend, especially in the incidence of NHL.

下顎歯肉扁平上皮癌と頸部原発悪性リンパ腫の同時性重複がんの1例

下顎歯肉扁平上皮癌と頸部原発悪性リンパ腫の同時性重複がんの1例

New advancement in diagnosis and treatment of head and neck lymphoma

Malignant lymphomas are common malignant neoplastic of lymphatic hematopoietic system, and there are different clinic manifestation in different sites. Malignant lymphomas in the head and neck have characteristics in clinic features,pathologic types and the most common locations. This review is about the role of different clinic manifestation, pathologic types and the International Prognostic Idex(IPI)in the evaluation of prognosis in the head and neck lymphoma.

Rebound adenoid hyperplasia after chemotherapy in pediatric patients with head and neck lymphoma: MR imaging findings.

To assess MR imaging findings of rebound adenoid hyperplasia after chemotherapy in pediatric patients with head and neck lymphoma. Eight pediatric patients with head and neck lymphoma treated with chemotherapy alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy were included. All patients underwent pre-therapeutic assessment and post-therapeutic follow-up by MR imaging. The maximum thickness of the adenoid was assessed on transverse T2-weighted images. Rebound adenoid hyperplasia was defined as more than half of the pre-therapeutic thickness after severe atrophy. The pre-therapeutic maximum thickness of the adenoid ranged from 10 to 18mm (mean, 15mm). In all patients, the thickness of the adenoid dramatically decreased (mean 1mm) within 1year after the cessation of chemotherapy. On follow-up MR imaging, rebound adenoid hyperplasia was observed in five patients (63%). Re-atrophy following rebound adenoid hyperplasia was observed in two patients (25%), and no re-atrophy was observed in three patients (37%). Rebound adenoid hyperplasia was not observed in three patients (37%) who were in their late teens, and who had been treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Rebound adenoid hyperplasia was often observed after chemotherapy in pediatric patients with lymphoma. MR imaging was useful for the assessment of rebound adenoid hyperplasia.

What have we learned from immunotherapy? Report from the 3rd and 4th meetings of the Campania Society of Oncology Immunotherapy (SCITO)

Treatment strategies that target the immune system provide the opportunity for antitumor activity across multiple cancer types, regardless of mutational status or tumor histology. While many of the initial advances in immunotherapy have been in melanoma, the focus has now broadened to include many other solid as well as hematological cancers. Different immunotherapeutic approaches are being evaluated across tumor types and their various novel mechanisms of action and safety profiles offer the potential for a variety of combination regimens. Ongoing and planned investigation of these immunotherapies, alone and in combination, represents the start of a new chapter in our treatment of cancer and offers the hope of better outcomes for patients with a wide range of cancers. Recent advances in the use of immune-based approaches to treat non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck cancer and lymphoma were discussed at the 2015 Spring and Winter meetings of the Campania Society of Oncology Immunotherapy (SCITO) and are reported here.

Incidence of Head and Neck Lymphoma in Guilan Province, Iran.

The aim of this research was to describe the incidence and histopathological subtypes of head and neck lymphoma in Guilan province, Iran. In this retrospective study, all cases of head and neck cancers registered in Iranian Cancer Registry Program in Guilan province of Iran from 2004 to 2009 were obtained and included in the analysis. Out of 1,510 cases, 169 (11.2%) were reported as lymphomas (87 cases of non-Hodgkin, 67 cases of Hodgkin, and 13 cases of unknown type). The mean ages of males and females diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma were 30.4 and 28.7 years, re-spectively. For non-Hodgkin's lymphoma the respective figures were 50.5 and 49.3 years old. Among various histological subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the diffuse large B-cell type (74.2%) was the most frequent while immunoblastic lymphoma (1.1%) was the least frequent. Nodular sclerosis (58.2%) and mixed cellularity (18.0%) types were most frequent among Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Recurrence patterns of mucose-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma after definitive radiation treatment: A single center experience

Objectives: To evaluate the treatment outcomes in non-gastric and non-nodal mucose-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma patients treated by definitive radiation therapy (RT).Methods: A total of 134 patients were analyzed. The RT dose was 30.6 or 36 Gy.Results: The median follow-up duration for all patients was 51.1 months (range, 3.0–132.4 months). Among the 88 orbital MALT lymphoma patients, 12 had disease recurrence. There were 23 head and neck tumor patients. Two patients experienced relapse, all at out-of-field locations. Gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma was diagnosed in 13 patients, and three showed local (n = 1), distant (n = 1), or local/distant (n = 1) relapse.Conclusion: RT alone is highly effective in achieving local control and long-term survival in localized MALT lymphoma. In orbital MALT, excellent local control is achieved, and relapse is predominantly observed in the contralateral eye. Other head and neck lymphomas are also well controlled.

Head and Neck Lymphomas: Tip of the Iceberg?

Head and Neck Lymphomas: Tip of the Iceberg?

Extranodal hematopoietic neoplasms and mimics in the head and neck: an update.

The head and neck region is a common site for extranodal lymphomas, second only to the gastrointestinal tract; and 12% to 15% of all head and neck tumors are lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are most common, and Hodgkin lymphoma occurs rarely at extranodal sites in the head and neck. Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the head and neck region are of B-cell lineage, and the Waldeyer ring is the most common site. Head and neck lymphomas have distinctive epidemiological and clinicopathologic features, including an association with immunosuppression, infectious organisms, or autoimmune disorders; site-specific differences (eg, thyroid gland versus ocular adnexa) for common lymphomas, such as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; and genetic differences that provide insights into etiology. Furthermore, the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphomas at extranodal sites implies differences in prognosis and therapeutic implications with lymphomas at nodal sites. In this review, we discuss various types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphoma, focusing on unique aspects related to the head and neck region. We also discuss a number of newer entities that are clinically indolent as well as mimics of lymphoma that can occur in the head and neck region, including infectious mononucleosis, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, Kimura disease, Castleman disease, and immunoglobulin G4-related disease.

Diagnostic value of the perfusion parameters and iodine contents of CT on lymphoma in the neck

Objective To explore the correlation between iodine content(IC)calculated from gemstone spectral imaging scan and parameters of perfusion measured with perfusion CT, and to determine their sensitivities and specificities. Methods 20 patients with pathologically diagnosed as lymphoma received gemstone spectral imaging scan to get the parameters including blood flow(BF), blood volume(BV), mean transit time(MTT)and permeability surface(PS)from perfusion CT and IC from spectral CT. The relationship between IC and parameters was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was performed to determine the cut-off values, sensitivities and specificities IC and parameters of perfusion. Results There were no correlations between arterial phase of IC(r = 0.200, 0.302, 0.013, 0.148, P > 0.05)or venous phase of IC(r =-0.109,-0.022, 0.002, 0.211, P > 0.05)and parameters of perfusion(BF, BV, MTT and PS). When the cut-off value of IC was 14.51 and 21.23 in arterial phase and venous phase, respectively, sensitivities and specificities on the lymphoma of neck were high. Conclusion IC from spectral CT may contribute to judging the nature of neck lymph nodes. Key words: Neck lymphoma; Tomography, x-ray computed; Perfusion imaging; Gem stone spectral imaging; Perfusion parameters; Iodine contents

Combined Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography: Option or necessity?

Combined Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography: Option or necessity?

Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinicopathological features, survival and treatment outcome in two cancer centers of southern Turkey.

The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (pENL) patients, focusing on treatment and survival outcome. Between October 2003 and March 2012, 802 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were diagnosed and treated in two different cancer centers of Southern Turkey. pENL, constituted 12.4% (100/802) of all NHL studied during this period. Median age of the patients was 56 years (range 17-87 years) and the male: female distribution was 3:2. Eighty-five of 100 patients (85%) were in stage I/II, 9/100 (9%) in stage III, whereas 6/100 (6%) were in stage IV. Head and neck constituted the most common site (51/100, 51%), followed by gastrointestinal tract (GIL) (37/100, 37%), and cerebrum (CL) (5/100, 5%). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common histological type, observed in 53% of patients, followed by marginal zone extranodal lymphoma (13%). Most of patients (76%) received a CHOP containing regimen. Complete remission (CR) were achieved in 71% of patients. The median follow-up duration of all patients was reported as 37.6 months (range, 0.8-165 months). This period was reported as 137.5 months (range, 117.5- 1578.6 months) in gastrointestinal lymphoma (GIL) patients, 119.0 months (range, 91.8-146.1 months) in head and neck lymphoma (HNL) patients, and 18.4 months (range, 12.6-24.1 months) in cerebral lymphoma (CL) patients. Head and neck, and the gastrointestinal tract were the two most common extranodal sites observed. Histologically DLBC accounted for the majority of cases. Most patients were on earlier stages, had low-low intermediate IPI scores and had a favorable prognosis.

Evaluation of survivin as a prognostic marker in head and neck lymphomas

Evaluation of survivin as a prognostic marker in head and neck lymphomas

High prevalence of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in Cape Town, South Africa.

Cisplatin is administered as the first-line treatment of soft-tissue cancers. It has a reported cure rate of up to 85%, but is associated with a high incidence of ototoxicity, characterised by irreversible bilateral hearing loss and affecting 23 - 50% of adults who receive the drug. To determine the incidence of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), Cape Town, South Africa. retrospective cross-sectional study of cisplatin-receiving cancer patients attending GSH between January 2006 and August 2011. A total of 377 patients were recorded as receiving cisplatin therapy during the study period. A 300% increase in new cisplatin-receiving patients receiving audiological monitoring was observed between 2006 and 2010. However, only patients with all clinical data as well as baseline and follow-up audiometric analyses were investigated. One hundred and seven such patients were identified, 55.1% of whom developed cisplatin-induced ototoxicity while receiving high-dose (> or = 60 mg/m2) cisplatin treatment. Higher cumulative cisplatin dosages were associated with development of significant hearing loss (p = 0.027). The odds of developing cisplatin-induced hearing loss were elevated for patients with head and neck tumours and lymphoma (p = 0.0465 and p = 0.0563, respectively) and were significantly lower for those with reproductive cancers (p = 0.0371). Comprehensive audiological monitoring should be available for every patient during cisplatin treatment to minimise the development of disabling hearing loss.

The diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging in patients with primary extranodal lymphoma

To investigate the diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging in primary extranodal lymphoma. A retrospective analysis of 139 clinically suspected primary extranodal lymphoma patients examined by PET-CT and confirmed by biopsies was performed. Considering the pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, PET-CT imaging of all patients was compared with CT and PET to evaluate the efficacy of 18F-FDG PET-CT in detection of primary extranodal lymphoma. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from primary extranodal lymphoma patients was compared, and the data were analyzed by χ² test. Of the total 139 analyzed cases, 128 patients were confirmed to have primary extranodal lymphoma. The sensitivity, specificity and positive rate of PET-CT were 82.8%, 81.8% and 82.7%, respectively, that of CT were 65.6%, 72.7% and 66.2%, and that of PET were 78.9%, 36.4% and 82.0%, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of PET-CT were better than that of CT (χ²=9.881, 10.006; P=0.003, 0.002). The specificity of PET-CT were better than that of PET (χ²=4.487, P=0.034). In the gastrointestinal lymphoma, the sensitivity of PET-CT were better than that of CT (χ²=5.110, P=0.024). In the head and neck lymphoma, the sensitivity of PET-CT were better than that of CT (χ²=5.278, P=0.022). In the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the sensitivity of PET-CT were better than that of CT (χ²=8.711, P=0.003). The SUV max of mucosa-associated lymphoma was significantly different from that of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (7.4±4.6 vs 15.8±10.6, P=0.032; 7.4±4.6 vs 13.6±7.1, P=0.046), respectively. 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging is important in the diagnosis of primary extranodal lymphoma, but the differential diagnosis with other disease is important, and the result should be combined with multiple biopsies.

Radiation pneumonitis after radiotherapy of neck lymphoma.

Radiotherapy is still one of the effective means for treatment of malignant tumors up to now. Particularly, it is an indispensable effective measure for treatment of some lymphoma patients. In routine work, radiation pneumonitis (RP) is the most significant complication of acute treatment-related toxicities in lung cancer; however, serious radioactive pneumonia is rare for the radiotherapy of neck lymphoma because the volume of the lungs affected by radiation dose was very small. We report a lymphoma case, where the patient had undergone radiotherapy for the bilateral neck and bilateral supraclavicular/infraclavicular area. Following completion of radiotherapy, the patient developed severe radiation pneumonitis.

Clinical Features of Radiation-induced Carotid Atherosclerosis

Carotid arteries frequently receive significant incidental doses of radiation during the treatment of malignant diseases, including head and neck cancer, breast cancer and lymphoma. Vascular injury after treatment may result in carotid artery stenosis and increased risk of neurological sequelae, such as stroke and transient ischaemic attack. The long latent interval from treatment to the development of clinical complications makes investigation of this process difficult, particularly in regard to the design of interventional clinical studies. Nevertheless, there is compelling clinical evidence that radiation contributes to carotid atherosclerosis. This overview examines the effect of radiotherapy on the carotid arteries, the underlying pathological processes and their clinical manifestations. The use of serum biomarkers in risk-prediction models and the potential value of new imaging techniques as tools for defining earlier surrogate end points will also be discussed.

High response rate and improvement of long-term survival with combined treatment modalities in patients with poor-risk primary thyroid diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group and Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi study

Introduction: We compared clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and treatment outcome of primary thyroid DLBCL (PTL) with those of other locations of primary extranodal head and neck lymphomas (PEHNL).

Keynote Address V: Towards Personalized Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer

The yield of the cancer genome project is providing extraordinary potential for the identification of new drug targets, for selecting individuals for specific therapies, and for predicting the outcome of an individual with cancer. For a number of malignancies affecting the head and neck region, e.g. melanoma, lymphoma and sarcoma, we are already using genetic knowledge to select patients for specific targeted therapies. One example is the use of vemurafenib for patients with melanoma that harbors a BRAF mutation. For the majority of squamous cells carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC), genetic knowledge has not yet resulted in stratified approaches to therapy. Apart from site classification, SCCHN can also be grouped into those with p53 mutations (the vast majority of smoking and alcohol-induced tumors) and those harboring human papillomavirus (mainly HPV-16). HPV+ HNSCC is an emerging disease representing a distinct clinical and epidemiological entity. Understanding the genetic basis of both HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC could allow therapeutic targeting of affected pathways for a stratified medicine approach. Recent gene sequencing studies indicate that various mutations within the PI3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway are found in both subgroups. E.g. PIK3CA mutation or amplification, and PTEN inactivation by gene copy loss or mutation are present in over 50% of oropharyngeal SCC, suggesting that targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway might be an attractive approach in these patients. Other receptor tyrosine kinase mutations occurring at low frequency e.gs FGFR1, FGFR3 and EGFR could be use to select patients for targeted therapies against these proteins, should they be established as driver mutations in these tumors. One significant challenge of targeted therapies based on gene sequencing information is the observation of intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity. Because HNSCC are often readily accessible to multiple biopsies, this is an area where knowledge gained from HNSCC could be exploited to other solid tumors. Another area of significant interest is the use of immune therapy, e.g. anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4 antibodies to treat solid tumors. Biomarkers predicting which patients will respond to these approaches are in development. Although surgery, chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy will remain the mainstay of treatment for most HNSCC in the foreseeable future, the introduction of molecular targeted therapies and immune therapies will play an ever more important role in the future management of HNSCC.

Linfoma De Colo Uterino: Relato De Caso E Revisão De Literatura

Report a case of uterine cervix lymphoma (NHL), its ultrasonographic aspects, correlation with magnetic resonance and review of literature. Female, 35 years old, asymptomatic, in wich routine transvaginal ultrasonography revealed nodule on the cervix. Physical examination detected a bulging on the left lateral fornix and parametrial fixed mass. A previous history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated two years ago. Transvaginal US showed hypoechoic nodule near the cervix, well delimited, with rich vascularity at Doppler. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of pelvis revealed a cervical mass, isointense to uterine muscle on T1 and T2 weighted images and low signal in Gadolinium-enhanced MR images. A transvaginal ultrasound guided core needle biopsy was performed, and cervical uterine lymphoma infiltration confirmed diagnosis. Although cervical lymphoma is rare, comprising less than 1% of cervical malignancies, it should be considered. Diffuse uterine cervical enlargement is the most common appearance. Less commonly, there may be a polypoidal or multinodular mass or a submucosal mass mimicking leiomyoma. CT or MR is required for staging the extent of disease, and to determinate the precise histological subtype by biopsy for treatment and prognostic purposes. Even if underused, transvaginal US-guided procedures are simple, safe and can be performed quickly and inexpensively.