Responses In Lymphoid Tissues Research Articles

Human antigen-specific IgA responses in blood and secondary lymphoid tissue: an analysis of help and suppression.

Antigen-specific IgA responses to influenza virus were obtained from lymphocytes derived from human secondary lymphoid tissue but not from the circulating pool (blood). T helper cells for IgA were present in both the circulating pool and secondary lymphoid tissue, were of the Leu-3A+ subset, and were relatively radioresistant. In addition, T alpha cells were shown to be important, but not crucial, for IgA helper responses. T cell-dependent suppression of IgA responses was demonstrated with T cells from both mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissue and was mediated by a radiosensitive Leu-2a+ cell. In contrast to T cells, functional B cell precursors for antigen-specific IgA responses were found only in secondary lymphoid tissue and not in the circulating pool.

Functional lymphocytes in the chicken pineal gland.

The primary antibody response of lymphoid tissue occupying the pineal gland of 6-wk-old chickens was studied subsequent to injection of the carotid artery with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Injection of SRBC did not produce plaque-forming cells (PFC) among pineal lymphocytes whereas BSA stimulated synthesis of anti-BSA immunoglobulin in pineal lymphoid tissue. A cytotoxic assay using appropriate anti-lymphocyte sera indicated that single-cell suspensions of pineal lymphocytes were composed of 42% B lymphocytes and 51% T lymphocytes. Bursal and thymic lymphocytes labeled with tritiated thymidine migrated into pineal lymphoid tissue when injected into 4- and 5-wk-old naive chicks. These observations indicate that the bursa and thymus make equivalent contributions to the lymphoid mass in the chicken pineal gland. Challenge of pineal-established lymphocytes by antigen introduced via the blood vascular system suggests that soluble antigens--rather than particulate ones--stimulate antibody production in the pineal gland. Collectively, these studies indicate that the pineal gland should be considered as a functional component of the chicken's lymphomyeloid system.

Regulation of heterologous IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody responses in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected mice.

Regulation of heterologous IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody responses in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected mice.

Microenvironmental immunoregulation: possible role of contrasuppressor cells in maintaining immune responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissues.

The addition of Peyer's patch T cells from most strains of mice to spleen cells in primary Mishell-Dutton cultures either has no effect or augments the spleen cells' response to sheep erythrocytes. However, if the Peyer's patch T cells are treated with an anti-I-J antiserum and complement to remove contrasuppressor-inducer cells, the remaining Ly-2 cells (T cells that express Ly-2 but not Ly-1) are highly suppressive. This "latent" suppressor cell activity also can be revealed by removing contrasuppressor-acceptor (transducer) cells from the splenic assay population with either an anti-I-J or anti-Ly-2 antiserum. These findings, taken together with previous work showing that orally administered antigen leads to systemic tolerance, give experimental support to the notion that contrasuppression may be important in allowing microenvironmental immune responses (in this case the gut-associated lymphoid tissue) to take place while systemic immunity is suppressed.

Ulcerative enterocolitis in dogs induced by drugs.

An ulcerative enterocolitis was induced in dogs by two drugs; cinchophen given intravenously or indomethacin given orally. Ulcers were closely associated with Peyer's patches with either drug. Granulomata were occasionally seen in the mucosa and adjacent mesenteric nodes of dogs who received cinchophen. Transmural inflammation was seen only in some dogs who received indomethacin. A skip-like distribution of mucosal lesions was seen, induced by either drug and corresponding to the skip-like collections of lymphoid follicles. An explanation of the pathogenesis of these lesions is offered in the light of recent advances in the understanding of the immune response of gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

The Proliferative Response of Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue after Local and Systemic Immunization

Abstract The rate of DNA synthesis has been examined in vitro in lymphocytes obtained from the bronchial mucosa (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue or BALT), washings of the bronchial tract, and the spleen, in animals immunized locally and systemically with dinitrophenylated human γ-globulin. The spontaneous rate of DNA synthesis of lymphocytes isolated from the BALT or washings of the bronchial tract was considerably greater in animals immunized via the bronchial lumen when compared with systemically immunized animals. Bronchial washing lymphocytes and BALT responded selectively to local antigen, with a similar time course. Antibody-containing cells were detected in the spleen, particularly after footpad immunization, but could not be detected in either the BALT or the lamina propria of the bronchus after local or systemic immunization.

Morphological evidence for immune response to breast cancer. An historical review.

An historical review of morphological evidence for immune response to breast cancer is presented. At present it seems as if the closest the morphologist may come to seeing immunity is to see hyperplasia of some elements such as the round cells in tumors or the node changes or the immune system. Evidence now seems overwhelming that histocytosis comes before the good prognosis of less metastatic tumor in the axilla. In fact Black has found greater histiocytic reaction with in situ carcinoma than with invasive carcinoma. That is if the host immunity is great enough invasion may not be permitted even though cancer cells survive in the semiisolated environment of the breast ducts. Excess node tissue showing prominent histocytosis is suggestive of systemic reaction and good prognosis. The work of Black and Leis supports the original suggestion that histocytosis is related to cell-mediated immunity rather than to circulating antibodies.

Predominant Contribution of IgA Antibody-Forming Cells to an Immune Response Detected in Extraintestinal Lymphoid Tissues of Germ-free Mice Exposed to Antigen by the Oral Route

Summary Germ-free mice exposed to sheep RBC by the oral route displayed an immune response in extraintestinal lymphoid tissues. Such a response in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes was characterized by a high percentage of PFC of the IgA class, and is at variance with that found after parenteral immunization.

Lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon in children. Roentgen observations.

Lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon has been identified in aircontrast studies of the colon in 19 infants and children, the majority of whom presented with rectal bleeding. In each, multiple umbilicated polypoid lesions have been observed. Umbilication in multiple polyps in the colon appears to be diagnostic of lymphoid hyperplasia and differentiates it from juvenile and other polyps in children. This benign lesion probably represents the normal response of lymphoid tissue in children to a variety of stimuli. There is no evidence that the rectal bleeding is caused by the lymphoid hyperplasia.

Relation between cortisol metabolism and its lympholytic effect in P1798 lymphosarcoma.

Corticoid-sensitive and corticoidresistant P1798 tumors were incubated in vitro with cortisol-4-14C or cortisol-l,2-3H. The steroid metabolites obtained were cortisone, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione and an unidentified polar substance. The metabolites appeared in the incubating medium very rapidly, within minutes of incubation. The amount of metabolites varied by 2- to 3-fold in 2 corticoid-sensitive sublines of the tumor, even though both were equally responsive to in vivo administration of corticoid. The extent of corticoid metabolism appears to be an inherited trait which is independent of the response of lymphoid tissue to corticoid. (Endocrinology 79: 168, 1966)

Cell Changes During Protein Synthesis and Secretion: an Electron Microscopic Study of the Response of Lymphoid Tissue to Antigenic Stimulus

Mice were injected with doses of primary antigen (sheep erythrocytes or cholera vaccine) in the footpad. The majority received a second dose five days later. Lymph nodes were studied after preparation for electron microscopic examination at suitable times after the injection.

Effect of Peripheral Shielding on Lymphoid Tissue Response to Irradiation in C 57 Black Mice

Effect of Peripheral Shielding on Lymphoid Tissue Response to Irradiation in C 57 Black Mice

Response of Normal and Malignant Lymphoid Tissue to Non Specific Tissue Damage

SummaryFurther evidence has been added to indicate that ethyl alcohol is an alarming stimulus. We have shown that the non-specific stimuli, 4% formaldehyde and 40% glucose, in unadrenalectomized mice temporarily inhibit growth or produce temporary regression of the malignant lymphoid tumor 6C3HED. A similar effect is produced by a 48-hour fast. Fasting begun 30 hours after the initial stimulus gives an additional “lympholytic” effect.It has been shown that stimuli which are known to produce an alarm reaction with resulting atrophy of the normal thymus and normal spleen produce a similar type of reaction in tissue composed of malignant lymphocytes.

LYMPHOPENIA FOLLOWING ELECTRICALLY INDUCED CONVULSIONS IN MALE PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS

Recent animal experimentation has demonstrated that lymphocyte dissolution and lymphoid tissue atrophy is one of the functions of the “S” hormone (11-oxycorticosteroid) of the adrenal cortex (Dougherty and White, 1945; White and Dougherty, 1945; Dougherty and White, 1947). This response is also initiated by pituitary adrenotrophic hormone in the presence of sufficient functional adrenal cortical tissue (Dougherty and White, 1943; Reinhardt and Li, 1945). It is the current opinion that this lymphoid tissue response to pituitaryadrenal cortical secretion is the mechanism responsible for the earlier described thymus and lymphoid tissue changes resulting from various types of stress in experimental animals (Selye, 1937; Ingle, 1938). There is a paucity of published studies concerning this response in man. One group of workers (Elmadjian and Pincus, 1946; Pincus and Elmadjian, 1946; Hoagland, Elmadjian and Pincus, 1946) have compared diurnal lymphocyte variations and lymphopenia resulting from stress in smallg...