Luxi County Research Articles

Molecular and serological investigations of Batai virus in cattle and goats in the border area of Yunnan, China (2021-2022).

Batai virus (BATV), a zoonotic pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes, infects vertebrates, including livestock, birds, and humans. Although BATV has been detected and isolated in mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China, there have been no reports of livestock infection. Thus, we conducted a molecular and serological investigation of BATV in cattle and goat sera collected in spring and autumn from 2021 to 2022 in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, on the China-Vietnam border. We used indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) to test 929 cattle and 973 goat serum samples. BATV antibodies were detected in 262/929 (28.2%) cattle and 263/973 (27.0%) goat serum samples. RT-qPCR did not detect BATV RNA. The positive rate of BATV serum antibodies in cattle and goats in Luxi County was higher compared with other areas, and it was also higher in autumn compared with spring, which may be related to climate, temperature, and mosquito density. Although our findings indicated the presence of BATV infection in livestock in the region, RT-qPCR did not detect BATV RNA. Therefore, BATV monitoring in cattle and goats should be heightened in autumn, and the scope of host monitoring should be expanded to clarify the hosts and vectors of BATV infection.

Effects of water and fertilizer regulation on soil microbial community, fruit nutrients, and saponin content of Panax notoginseng: A three years field experiment

In pursuit of maximum yield and economic benefits of Panax notoginseng, farmers usually apply excessive fertilizer and irrigation. Which easily induce the decline of Panax notoginseng quality, fertilizer and water use efficiencies and soil health. From 2021–2023, a field experiment was conducted in Dali Village, Luxi County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, to study the response of soil microbial community, root nutrient content, and ginsenoside content of Panax notoginseng to different water and fertilizer regulation. The experiment including three irrigation levels (F1: 120 mm, F2: 240 mm, and F3: 360 mm) four fertilization rates(F1: 48 kg ha−1, F2: 72 kg ha−1, F2: 96 kg ha−1, and 120 kg ha−1),and a CK treatment (no fertilizer and no irrigation) The results showed that the average N, P, and K contents across all treatments were greater in 2023 than those in 2021 and 2022. W3F4 treatment significantly increased N absorption. W2F4 treatment significantly increased P and K absorption. W2F4 treatment significantly increased the Panax notoginseng yield, and W3F2 treatment significantly increased the saponin content. The Panax notoginseng yield ranged from 1165 to 3006 kg∙ha−1, with a maximum average yield in 2023. The Re content averaged 81.5 % in 2023 over 2021, and the highest Re content in W3F2 treatment in 2023 was 108.54 mg∙g−1. In 2023, W2F3 treatment had the highest R1 content of 15.34 mg∙g−1, W2F3 treatment had the highest content of Rg1 of 44.65 mg∙g−1, and W3F2 treatment had the highest Rb1 content of 52.52 mg∙g−1. From 2021–2023, the total number of unique OTUs in W1F1 was the largest, out followed by W3F2, W3F4, and W3F1. The treatment that significantly increased the bacterial Chao1 index was W3F1 and W2F2 in 2021, W3F3, W2F1, W2F1 and W2F3 in 2022, and W2F3 and W2F4 in 2023. The Shannon nor Simpson indices were not varied significantly from CK. At the phylum level, W1F3 in 2021 and W3F1 in 2022 and 2023 improved the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota At the genus level, W1F1 in 2021 and 2023 improved the relative abundance of Vicinamibacteraceae_norank and Vicinamibacterales_norank. LEfSe analysis of soil microbial communities showed the most divergent species in 2021 with W3F2, W1F1 in 2022, and W2F1 in 2023. Different water and fertilizer treatments affected the total OTU number of bacterial communities and changed the bacterial community structure. W3F1 and W2F3 treatments significantly increased soil bacterial diversity, and soil microbial diversity regulated plants N as well as R1 and Rg1 content, and the quality of Panax notoginseng is related to microbial diversity. N, P, K, and R1 had a significant positive correlation with microbial community diversity (P<0.05). The W1F1 treatment communities were relatively abundant, and the community species showed high similarity in W3F1 and W2F3.

Hydrothermal enrichment of rare earth elements in the Lower Permian Lijiatian bauxite deposit, southern China

Bauxite deposits are an important source of Al and also host a variety of critical metals, including rare earth elements (REEs). However, the parent rocks of bauxite deposits generally have low REE contents, leading to uncertainty over the REE sources and enrichment mechanisms. In this study, we report high REE (2095 ppm; Ce = 1340 ppm) contents in the Lijiatian bauxite deposit in Luxi County, western Hunan Province, South China. The Lijiatian bauxite deposit is the largest deposit in Hunan Province, with a total Al resources exceeding 7 × 106 tons. The ore-bearing strata in the lower Permian Liangshan Formation (ca. 275 Ma) are comprised a 3–5-m-thick bauxite layer (bauxite ore/clay) and an underlying 4–8-m-thick Fe layer (Fe ore/Fe-rich clay). The high REE contents in the bauxites can be attributed to the widespread presence of bastnäsite. The bastnäsite commonly coexists with authigenic chlorite, which formed at temperatures of 221–285 °C, indicative of a hydrothermal origin. Uranium–Pb dating of the bastnäsite yielded an age of 141.4 ± 7.0 Ma, indicating a hydrothermal overprint occurred during the Early Cretaceous, which resulted in the enrichment of REEs in the bauxites. The high contents of REEs, Ba, and P in the Cambrian Niutitang Formation black shales indicate it was a potential source of these elements for bastnäsite and coexisting barite and apatite. The deep-seated hydrothermal fluids (enriched in HF, CO2, and H2S) associated with the late Yanshanian extensional tectonic event in South China (155–123 Ma) ascended along fractures. The ascending fluids interacted with the black shales, extracting REEs, Ba, and P. When the fluids reached a certain depth, they mixed with the infiltrating basinal waters to form a mineralising fluid. The fluid then migrated towards the bauxite layers, underwent cooling and depressurisation, and precipitated bastnäsite, barite, apatite, and chlorite. We propose that a hydrothermal event led to the enrichment of REEs in the bauxites in Hunan Province. Considering the scarcity of REEs in the parent rocks of bauxites worldwide, hydrothermal activity likely has a key role in REE enrichment in bauxites.

A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

After the devastating Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction, several new groups of large reptilian predators invaded the sea in the early part of the Triassic. Among these predators, sauropterygians, consisting of placodonts, pachypleurosaurs, nothosaurs and pistosaurs (including the iconic plesiosaurs), displayed the greatest diversity at both the generic and species levels, and persisted from the Early Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. Here, we report a new species of Pachypleurosauria, Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov., from a recently discovered Lagerstätte in the Upper Member of the Anisian Guanling Formation. The only known specimen of the new species was collected from a quarry near Muta village, Luxi County, Yunnan Province, South China. Our new phylogenetic analysis based on a novel data matrix recovered the new taxon as a sister group to Dianmeisaurus gracilis—a small pachypleurosaur from the Middle Triassic Luoping biota. The new phylogenetic analysis also collapsed the monophyly of the traditionally recognized Eusauropterygia. Pistosauroidea, Majiashanosaurus, and Hanosaurus comprise the consecutive sister groups to a new clade including Pachypleurosauria and Nothosauroidea. A monophyletic Pachypleurosauria, within which the clade consisting of Dianmeisaurus and Panzhousaurus occupies the basal-most position, is recovered by this study. The clade consisting of Dawazisaurus and Dianopachysaurus forms the sister group to the remaining pachypleurosaurs included in this study. Since Dianmeisaurus, Panzhousaurus, Dawazisaurus, and Dianopachysaurus are all exclusively known from South China, our study provides further evidence to the hypothesis that pachypleurosaurs had a palaeobiogeographic origin in the eastern Tethys.

Factors controlling accumulation and bioavailability of selenium in paddy soils: A case study in Luxi County, China

Selenium (Se) accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has become a major global concern. Se offers multiple health benefits in humans; however, its inadequate or excessive intake can be harmful. Therefore, determining the factors driving Se abundance and bioavailability in paddy soils is essential to ensure the safety of human Se intake. This study investigated the accumulation, bioavailability, and distribution of Se in 820 paddy soil and rice grain samples from Luxi County, China to assess how soil properties (soil organic matter [SOM], cation exchange capacity [CEC], and pH), geographical factors (parent materials, elevation, and mean annual precipitation [MAP] and temperature [MAT]), and essential micronutrients (copper [Cu], zinc [Zn], and manganese [Mn]) govern Se accumulation and bioavailability in paddy soils. Results showed that the average soil Se content was 0.36 mg kg−1, which was higher than that in China (0.29 mg kg−1). Alternatively, the average rice grain Se content was 0.032 mg kg−1, which was lower than the minimum allowable content in Se-rich rice grains (0.04 mg kg−1). Five studied parent materials all had a significant effect on soil Se content but had little effect on Se bioavailability (p < 0.05). CEC, elevation, and SOM, as well as the soil contents of Cu, Zn, and Mn were positively correlated with soil Se content, but pH, MAP, and MAT were negatively correlated. Correspondingly, Se bioavailability was negatively correlated with SOM and soil Zn content, but positively correlated with MAP and grain contents of Cu, Zn, and Mn. Furthermore, partial least squares path analysis revealed the interactive impacts of the influencing factors on Se accumulation and bioavailability in soils. On this basis, prediction models were established to predict Se accumulation and bioavailability in paddy soils, thereby providing theoretical support for developing efficient control measures to meet Se challenges in agriculture.

The earliest belemnite linked with the Carnian Pluvial Episode

Sinobelemnites from the Upper Triassic (Carnian, Julian 2) of the Luxi County, Yunnan Province, Southwest China are described and discussed, with two species: Sinobelemnites maantangensis and Sichuanobelus luxiensis sp. nov. Sichuanobelus luxiensis sp. nov. has a rostrum with a single alveolar groove along the dorsal side, with the rostral diameter increasing quickly along the rostrum cavum region. The rough rostral surface of Sinobelemnites is typical for the group. The occurrence of belemnites during the Carnian, especially during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE), indicates the CPE as a drive for belemnite flourishment and preservation.

A new tanystropheid (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the Middle Triassic of SW China and the biogeographical origin of Tanystropheidae

Tanystropheidae is a clade of early archosauromorphs with high morphological disparity and a wide geographical distribution. The origin and early radiation of Tanystropheidae are still incompletely understood. Here we report Luxisaurus terrestris gen. et sp. nov., a new archosauromorph collected from the marine Upper Member of Guanling Formation (Pelsonian substage, Anisian, Middle Triassic) in Luxi County, Yunnan Province, China, and phylogenetically recovered as a tanystropheid. The morphology of Luxisaurus is consistent with a terrestrial lifestyle. This is the first occurrence of a tanystropheid found from the Anisian Guanling Formation in SW China and also the earliest tanystropheid from the eastern Tethys. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Dinocephalosauridae forms the sister group of Tanystropheidae, Fuyuansaurus occupies the most basal position in Tanystropheidae, and Luxisaurus forms the sister group to a clade consisting of all other tanystropheids. Considering that Fuyuansaurus and Luxisaurus are found exclusively in South China, we hypothesize that Tanystropheidae originated in the Early Triassic of South China and then dispersed globally. The discovery of Early Triassic tanystropheids in South China is needed to further support this hypothesis. The discovery of Luxisaurus expands the stratigraphical and geographical distribution of Tanystropheidae, and provides new insights into the origin and early radiation of the clade. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:07DE12AC-8AE7-48F0-8BAD-0B73F04C0858

A new morphotype of nothosaurs (Sauropterygia: Nothosauridae) from the Middle Triassic of South China

ABSTRACT A new morphotype of nothosaurs collected from the Upper Member of Anisian Guanling Formation in the Muta village, Luxi County, Yunnan Province, China is reported here. The new morphotype is represented by a single specimen that can be distinguished from other nothosaurs in the combination of the following features: premaxilla partly fused, jugal positioned forward in the cheek, pineal foramen in a deep trough and close to the middle of the skull table, quadratojugal present, distinctly long internal naris. The right lower jaw of the new specimen is completely exposed in medial view, providing hereto unknown information about the medial morphology of the lower jaw for nothosaurid sauropterygians, including the large splenial forming half of the inner wall of the lower jaw, the slender and elongate coronoid located in the middle of the mandible, and the Meckelian foramen located within the adductor fossa bounded by surangular and prearticular. Morphological comparison with other Triassic eosauropteygians reveals previously unrecognised characters that may be used for reconstructing the phylogeny of sauropterygians in the future.

The complete chloroplast genome of a Cladrastis yunchunii X.W.Li et G.S

Cladrastis yunchunii X.W.Li et G.S is a plant species belonged to the family Papilionaceae. Cladrastis yunchunii is currently found in broad-leaved forests in the limestone area of Luxi County, Yunnan Province. It is suitable for afforestation and urban greening in limestone areas. In this study, for the first time, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. yunchunii. We sequenced and assembled the entire chloroplast genome of C. yunchuniii. The chloroplast genome was determined to be 158,250 bp in length. It contained large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions of 84,930 bp and 12,664 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 30,328 bp. The genome contained 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The overall GC content of the whole genome is 38.1%, and the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions were 36.4%, 33.6%, and 41.3%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that C. yunchunii is closely related to the genus Ormosia in the Papilionaceae.

Revitalizing Pan Hu Culture and Promoting the Integration of Urban and Rural Development in Yuanshui County ——Take Luxi County as an example

Through data analysis and reference of related theories, this paper studies the influence of Pan Hu culture on county economic development from the perspective of economics. It is found that exploiting historical and cultural relics and developing tourism have various effects on economic development. The results show that tourism plays a vital role in economic development, which is reflected in income effect, employment effect, and industrial association effect and so on. Among them, the income effect can directly reflect the impact of tourism on economic development. After research and analysis, we put forward the development countermeasures of combining Pan Hu culture with tourism in Luxi County, and planned the development roadmap of Pan Hu Cultural Site in Luxi County, making Luxi County a cultural town with Pan Hu characteristics. With the development mode of "cultural protection-tourism development-economic growth" complementing each other, we can solve the local employment problem and optimize the industrial structure, thus driving the development of related industries. By studying the in-depth impact of the development of cultural sites in Pan Hu on economic development, this paper provides theoretical guidance for the development of tourism in Yuanshui County, and finally achieves the goal of promoting the integration of urban and rural development in the county.

An application of routing location and allocation model for drinking water distribution

Due to severe droughts occurring in southwest China, this region is facing a perilous water crisis for a long time. To meet the daily drinking water demand, the government is sending water to these rural areas via trucks. This study addresses a type of vehicle routing problem motivated by a drinking water distribution application in Luxi County, China to help alleviate the drought in this region. We model this problem as a mixed-integer program where the objective involves the minimisation of a weighted function of efficiency and equity metrics. Due to the computational complexity of the integer programming model, two heuristic approaches are proposed to obtain more practical solutions. We further propose Benders' decomposition algorithm and perform computational analysis to compare the efficiency of mixed integer programming model, heuristic approaches and Benders' decomposition algorithm. Through computational analyses, we also explore how different objective metrics influence the distribution of drinking water.

滇南喀斯特地区灌木群落和人工林土壤元素化学计量特征

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 滇南喀斯特地区灌木群落和人工林土壤元素化学计量特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201810072159 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0502501） Characteristics of soil stoichiometry in native shrub and plantation communities in karst regions of Yunnan province Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在云南喀斯特地区，为提升退化灌木群落的生态系统服务功能，营造了不同树种的人工林分。这些人工林分如何影响土壤化学性质还未得到充分认识。以云南泸西县灌木群落及三种常见人工林（云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）、赤杨（Alnus japonica）和侧柏（Platycladus orientalis））土壤为研究对象探讨喀斯特地区在人工林建造后土壤的13种元素全量、可利用性含量和化学计量学特征变异格局，为喀斯特石漠化治理提供理论依据。结果表明，1）基于判别分析，四种群落土壤化学计量特征可以显著区分。土壤Fe、P、K、Mn全量及交换性Ca、交换性Mg和NH4+-N对区分四种群落土壤贡献最大。2）四种群落之间相比，侧柏林土壤C、N、S、Na全量和NO3--N含量均低于其他三种群落，土壤肥力较低；赤杨林铵态氮含量最高；云南松林有效Fe、有效Cu含量最高。而且，四个群落土壤全量C/N、C/K比值存在显著差异性。3）根据四种群落13种土壤元素和pH值相关性分析，35对元素具有显著相关性，占所有元素对数的38.5%，说明该地土壤元素积累的相互依赖性。与灌木群落相比，人工林土壤元素全量和可利用性含量相关性比例均更高。这些研究结果对今后基于适地适树人工林营造、生态系统服务功能提升和经营利用，均具有重要指导意义。 Abstract:The natural forest vegetation degraded to shrub-dominated plant communities in karst areas of Yunnan province, due to the geological conditions and long-term human disturbance. Plantation stands of different tree species have been established to raise ecosystem services across Yunnan province, such the karst shrub areas, during the last three decades. In this context, the elemental compositions of original soils could be influenced to a certain extent. In this study, we measured the total and available element concentrations of 13 elements (C, N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, and Mn), and summarised the stoichiometric traits of soils in the shrub, Pinus yunnanensis, Alnus japonica, and Platycladus orientalis stands in Luxi county, Yunnan province. The results showed that firstly, soil stoichiometric traits of four communities were significantly distinguished based on canonical discriminant analysis. Furthermore, soil total Fe, P, K, Mn concentrations, and available Ca, Mg, and NH4+-N concentrations, contributed to the differences the most. Secondly, cypress stands showed lower total C, N, S, Na and NO3--N concentrations compared with the other three communities, suggesting that the soil fertility was reduced. The soil NH4+-N concentration was higher in alder stands compared with the other communities; the soil available Fe and Cu concentrations were highest in the Yunnan pine stand. Furthermore, there were also significant differences of C/N and C/K ratios among the four stands. Thirdly, based on a correlation analysis of the 13 elements and the pH value, 35 pair-elements showed a significant correlation, accounting for 38.5% of all elements, suggesting that there was strong inter-dependence accumulation of soil elements in these karst areas. Compared with the shrub community, the significant correlations between the total elements and available elements in plantation stands were higher. Our results have important implications for plantation establishment and management to increase ecosystem services in such karst areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Comprehensive assessment of health education and health promotion in five non-communicable disease demonstration districts in China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThis study aims to develop assessment indicators of health education and promotion for non-communicable disease (NCD) demonstration districts in China and to identify significant factors associated with NCD health education...

Fugong virus, a novel hantavirus harbored by the small oriental vole (Eothenomys eleusis) in China.

BackgroundRodents are natural reservoirs of hantaviruses, which cause two disease types: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in North America. Hantaviruses related human cases have been observed throughout Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America. To date, 23 distinct species of hantaviruses, hosted by reservoir, have been identified. However, the diversity and number of hantaviruses are likely underestimated in China, and hantavirus species that cause disease in many regions, including Yunnan province, are unknown.ResultsIn August 2012, we collected tissue samples from 189 captured animals, including 15 species belonging to 10 genera, 5 families, and 4 orders in Fugong county, Yunnan province, China. Seven species were positive for hantavirus: Eothenomys eleusis (42/94), Apodemus peninsulae (3/25), Niviventer eha (3/27), Cryptotis montivaga (2/8), Anourosorex squamipes (1/1), Sorex araneus (1/1), and Mustela sibirica (1/2). We characterized one full-length genomic sequence of the virus (named fugong virus, FUGV) from a small oriental vole (Eothenomys eleusis). The full-length sequences of the small, medium, and large segments of FUGV were 1813, 3630, and 6531 nt, respectively. FUGV was most closely related to hantavirus LX309, a previously reported species detected in the red-backed vole in Luxi county, Yunnan province, China. However, the amino acid sequences of nucleocapsid (N), glycoprotein (G), and large protein (L) were highly divergent from those of Hantavirus LX309, with amino acid differences of 11.2, 15.3, and 12.7 %, respectively. In phylogenetic trees, FUGV clustered in the lineage corresponding to hantaviruses carried by rodents in the subfamily Arvicolinae.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of hantavirus infection in small mammals was found in Fugong county, Yunnan province, China. A novel hantavirus species FUGV was identified from the small oriental vole. This virus is phylogenetic clustering with another hantavirus LX309, but shows highly genomic divergence.

Prevalence and causes of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment among adults aged 50 years or above in Luxi County of Yunnan Province: the China Nine-Province survey

To investigate the prevalence and causes of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment among adults aged ≥ 50 years in Luxi County of Yunnan Province, China. It was a population-based cross-section study. Geographically defined cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting 5575 individuals aged ≥ 50 years in Luxi County. The survey was preceded by a pilot study where operational methods were refined and quality assurance evaluation was carried out. All participants were enumerated through village registers followed door-to-door visits.Eligible individuals were invited to receive visual acuity measurement and eye examination. Prevalence of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment was calculated according to different age, gender or education. And the reasons of blindness were analyzed.Statistical analyses were performed using Stata/SE Statistical Software, release 9.0. Chi-square test was used to investigate the association of age, gender and education with presenting and best corrected visual acuity. Five thousands five hundreds and seventy-five individuals were enumerated and 5151 persons were examined, the response rate was 92.39%. Based on the criteria of World Health Organization visual impairment classification in 1973, the prevalence of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment defined as best corrected visual acuity was 4.95% (255/5151) and 9.51% (490/5151) , respectively. The prevalence of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment defined as presenting visual acuity was 5.40% (278/5151) and 15.84% (816/5151) , respectively. The prevalence of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment was higher in aged (χ(2) = 1349.21, P = 0.000) , illiterate (χ(2) = 203.55, P = 0.000) persons. Cataract was still the first leading cause of blindness and visual impairment. The prevalence of blindness and moderate and severe visual impairment is highest in China Nine-Province Survey among older adults aged ≥ 50 years in Luxi County. The first leading cause of blindness and visual impairment is still cataract.

Validation and re-description of Sinocyclocheilus aluensis Li et Xiao, 2005 (Cypriniforms: Cyprinidae)

Sinocyclocheilus aluensis was previously synonymized with S. angustiporus, but through the comparison of the specimens collected from Luxi County (type locality of S. aluensis) and type specimens of S. angustiporus, we identified several clear and stable characteristics to distinguish them. These findings suggest that S. aluensis should be considered as a valid species, as it can be distinguished from S. angustiporus by the position of the dorsal-fin insertion (posterior to vs. opposite to the pelvic-fin insertion), eye (22.4%-29.7% vs. 26.4%-38.9%, percentage of head length), eye-ball diameter (16.0%-23.6% vs. 21.3%-29.0%), and interorbital width (21.0%-32.3% vs. 19.7%-22.6%).

A model for community health service development in depressed rural areas in China

BackgroundTo introduce a model of community health service organization (as implemented in urban areas) to less developed rural areas in China and evaluate the impact of this model on health care utilization.MethodsThe intervention involved developing leadership at county level, training rural health practitioners, providing clinical management guidelines and standards, encouraging clinic improvements and providing access to subsidies for public health work. We chose 7 townships and 49 administrative villages in Chongyi County as the intervention sites; 3 townships and 9 administrative villages in Luxi County as the comparison sites. Officers from county health bureaus and postgraduates from School of Public Health, Nanchang University visited each township hospital and village clinic in field together and made observations and interviewed clinic staff.ResultsThere was little change in health facilities or workforce in the two areas. However, there was an increase in the use of public health services at township and village level in the intervention sites in Chongyi. In these, the proportion of clinics which had developed a child health (under the age of 3) management system, maternal postpartum visit and chronic disease management increased from 53%, 51% and 47% to 78%, 73%, and 71% respectively. There was no significant change in the comparison sites.ConclusionsThe trial demonstrated that it was feasible to implement a model of community health service delivery that was adapted to depressed rural areas because it required little organizational change, additional funding or personnel. The model had a positive impact on the provision of public health programs, a finding which has implications for efforts to improve access to primary health care in rural China.

Ya33 ‘give’ as a valency increaser in Jinghpo nuclear serialization

This paper analyzes serial verb constructions in Jinghpo formed by ya33 'give', arguing that it has the function of a valency-increasing device in nuclear serialization: the use of ya33 allows the licensing of an additional beneficiary argument as a core argument to the lexical verb. In a new twist, however, on the evolution of give verbs, we demonstrate that the benefactive usage is extended to malefactive semantics in a distinct, derived structure, conditioned via the expression of possession, a type of malefactive that is not well-documented in current literature on this domain. Furthermore, the existence of two distinct constructions for the benefactive and the malefactive in Jinghpo conforms to Radetzky & Smith's claim (2010: 116) that this is an areal feature comprising the Indian subcontinent, Southeast and East Asia, and thus contrasts strongly with the conflation of both types of construction in many European languages. Finally, we propose that the nuclear type of serialization, integral to the typological profile of Jinghpo, a SOV language, is a determining factor in the reanalysis of ya33 . This feature is subsequently invoked to explain why the malefactive usage of ya33 constitutes a separate development from the well-attested pathway for give verbs leading to permissive causative verbs and adversative passive markers, which, while blocked in Jinghpo, is commonly found in many other East and Southeast Asian languages with core serialization. The present analysis is based on the variety of Jinghpo spoken in Luxi county, Yunnan province, China, using in the main natural discourse data collected in the field.

A novel hantavirus detected in Yunnan red-backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) in China

Rodents are the major natural reservoir of hantaviruses, which cause two main human zoonoses, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas. Surveillance of hantaviruses in rodents plays an important role in the prevention and control of HFRS and HPS. In this study, small mammals were captured in an HFRS-endemic region, Luxi County within the Yunnan Province of China, from the autumn of 2009 to the spring of 2010, and assessed for the presence of hantaviruses. A high ratio of hantavirus infection was detected in the Yunnan red-backed vole (Eothenomys miletus). Full-length sequences of the small, middle and large segments were determined from one positive sample (designated Luxi hantavirus). Analyses of the coding sequences indicated that this virus represents a distinct hantavirus species within the hantavirus group identified from the Rodentia subfamily Arvicolinae.

Evaluation of flue-cured tobacco planting suitability and crop rotation planning based on spatial information

Digital precision agriculture has become a new trend for agricultural development in the world. The kernel technology of digital precision agriculture is spatial information technology. It is an important way to improve the capacity of sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco,using planting suitability evaluation and crop rotation planning based on spatial information technology. The land surface parameters used for conventional agricultural zoning and suitability evaluation are all based on the observation sites. Since the density of observation sites is very limited,it is difficult to obtain high-precision data in a large area. Therefore land surface parameters retrieved from remote sensing can be used to replace the parameters based on the observation sites. It can make the planting suitability evaluation and crop rotation planning more scientific and reasonable. Based on temperature,solar radiation and soil moisture obtained from remote sensing and DEM,with the support of topography,soil and land use factors derived from database,Suitability Evaluation Index (SEI) of flue-cured tobacco planting suitability in Luxi County is calculated at a 100 m×100 m grid size. The classification and spatial distribution of suitability evaluation results are then used to plan the crop rotation of flue-cured tobacco. Results show that the rate of crop rotation in Luxi County increased from 37.8% in 2002 to 63.7% in 2008,and there is still a wide gap to the goal rate of 95%. The planting utilization rate of most appropriate area is only about 28.1%,and there are about 2165 ha of most appropriate area for potential development. Therefore,in order to optimize the allocation of land resources,the planning of crop rotation should give first priority to flue-cured tobacco planting in most appropriate area. As remote sensing has reliable data support and has good ability to make up for the distortion of data caused by observation site loss,for planting suitability evaluation,remote sensing has more superiority than observation sites. Spatial information based crop rotation planning,verifying and supervising have good ability to improve the crop rotation rate of flue-cured tobacco and lay a foundation for sustainable development.