Lupin Varieties Research Articles

Efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of white lupine seeds with complex compositions based on Tebu 60 fungicide

The results of laboratory and field tests of effectiveness of the Tebu 60 protectant, ME (microemulsion) in its pure form and in tank mixtures with Humat+7 and Fitaktiv Vita against anthracnose seed infection and other diseases of lupine are presented. The research was conducted in 2020–2022 in the Bryansk region. The object of the study were the seeds, seedlings and crops of the Michurinsky white lupine variety. In laboratory conditions, biological evaluation of the effectiveness of the Tebu 60 protectant in pure form (rate of consumption – 0.5 l/t) and tank mixtures Tebu 60 + Humate+7 (0.5 + 0.5 l/t) and Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (0.5 + 0.05 l/t) against anthracnose seed infection was carried out by the number of affected seedlings grown in paper-polyethylene rolls in comparison with the control (without treatment). The tank mixture Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (100%) showed high biological efficacy against anthracnose. Moreover, this mixture significantly (LSD05 = 0.66) had the least effect on reducing the hypocotyl length of the seedlings (8.8%). The field experiment was laid down in a fourfold repetition. The plot area was 34 m2. The seeding rate was 1.0 million germinated seeds/ha. The soil of the site was gray forest soil, humus content – 2.6%. The forecrop was spring cereal crops. Seed dressing with Tebu 60 (0.5 l/t) and tank mixtures Tebu 60 + Humate+7 (0.5 + 0.5 l/t) and Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (0.5 + 0.05 l/t) were conducted one month before the sowing. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated in comparison with the control. On average, the highest biological efficacy against anthracnose seed infection was shown by the tank mixture Tebu 60 + Fitaktiv Vita (98.1%). By the shiny pod phase, the number of affected beans was 20.5% compared to 78.4% in the control. The biological efficacy against fusarium disease and rhizoctonia was 65.9 and 74.4%, respectively. The prevalence of gray rot and white rot on beans was reduced 8 and 11 times, respectively. Seed germination increased significantly (LSD05 = 0.74) by 16.2%, safety of productive plants to harvesting – by 56.5%. Reliable increase in the seed yield was 2.52 t/ha, cost recovery – 64.88 rubles.

ЗЕРНОПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И АДАПТАЦИОННЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СОРТОВ ЛЮПИНА УЗКОЛИСТНОГО В УСЛОВИЯХ КРАСНОЯРСКОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ

The aim of research is to evaluate the varieties of angustifolia lupine in terms of grain yield and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. Long-term field experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Borsky Scientific and Production Complex of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University in 2020–2022. The objects of the study are the varieties of narrow-leaved lupine: Vityaz, Belozerny 110, Belorozovy 144, Bryansky Kormovoy, Nadezhda, Siderat 46, Uzkolistny 53 and the SN 78-07 variety sample. Meteorological conditions during the years of the study varied. The 2020 growing season was warm and moisture-rich, the environmental conditions index (Ij) was 4.7. In 2021, during the main periods of growth and development, with the exception of the 3rd ten-day period of June, there was a significant moisture deficit against the background of air temperatures exceeding the climatic norm, the environmental conditions index was negative (–3.8). In 2022, uneven moisture was observed, sharp temperature changes at the beginning of plant development, the environmental conditions index was negative (–0.9). The average grain yield varied from 11.5 c/ha (variety Nadezhda) to 20.3 c/ha (variety Siderat 46). The contribution of the "vegetation conditions" factor to the formation of the lupine grain yield was 60.8 %, the contribution of the "variety" factor was 31.2 %. The varieties Belozerny 110 (bi = 1.16) and Siderat 46 (bi = 1.39) have high ecological plasticity. The highest ecological stability was noted in the varieties Siderat 46 and Uzkolistny 53, in both genotypes Sd2 = 0.02. The Vityaz variety surpasses other varieties in stress resistance. The highest genetic flexibility was demonstrated by the varieties Siderat 46, Vityaz, Belorozovy 144 and the variety sample SN 78-07. The yield range was 34.4 % (Vityaz) – 50.0 % (Nadezhda). In gene¬ral, according to the adaptive capabilities, the varieties of narrow-leaved lupine were distributed according to a decreasing trend as follows: Siderat 46 > Vityaz > SN 78-7 = Narrow-leaved 53 > Belorozovy 144 > Belozerny 110 > Nadezhda > Bryansky Kormovoy.

Effect of Fertilizers, Seeding Rates of the Legume Component and Weather Conditions on Yield and Accumulation of Plant Residues of LupineCereal Mixtures on Grain in the Center of the NonChernozem Region

On mediumcultivated mediumloamy sod-podzolic soils of the Central NonChernozem region, well provided with mobile phosphorus and potassium (IV–V class), the cultivation of lupine–cereal mixtures for grain with the participation of narrowleaved lupine varieties Ladny, spring wheat, barley and oats varieties of Nemchin breeding after grain precursors in a changing climate ensured grain production in an average of 5 up to 3.0–3.7 t/ha with a share of the legume component of 29–57% and the remaining dry mass of plant residues in the soil up to 6–8 t/ha with the accumulation of total nitrogen in it up to 40–60 kg/ha and biological – 12–17 kg/ha. In arid conditions (GTK = 0.80–0.92), a mixture of lupine and barley was distinguished for the better in terms of yield and weight of plant residues, and in case of waterlogging (GTK = 2.47) – mixtures with oats and spring wheat. The inclusion of liquid micronutrients of organic nature in the technological process with a stimulating effect for non-root top dressing eliminated the need for pre-sowing application of nitrogen fertilizer and, in conditions of moderate aridity, increased grain yield, depending on the composition of the mixture, to 3.9–4.9 t/ha (by 53–59%), the yield of plant residues – up to 7–11 t/ha (by 54–139%) and in them there is an accumulation of symbiotically bound nitrogen – up to 15–25 kg/ha or 5–8 times more than without their use.

Use of lupine with bischofite in feeding of broiler chickens

Currently, feed and mineral substances of non-traditional origin are widely used in feeding animals and poultry. The effectiveness of using new mineral complexes and non-traditional feed ingredients is constantly being studied. In this regard, the study of mineral additives and non-traditional feeds, as well as the eff ectiveness of their use in feeding animals and poultry is an urgent problem. The purpose of the work was to study the use of lupine together with bischofite in feeding of broiler chickens. In order to achieve the purpose of research two scientific and economic experiments were carried out on broiler chickens of the cross Ross 308 to study the infl uence of an alternative feed protein (lupine variety Deco) and a natural mineral additive (bischofi te) on the quality of the resulting products. The duration of each scientific and economic experiment was 37 days. It was found in the results of the first scientific and economic experiment that the use of lupine of the variety Deco and the natural mineral additive bischofite in the diets of broiler chickens in the feed composition made it possible to obtain additional profi t in the amount of 197,64–1345,38 rubles per 120 heads of broilers. The level of profi tability in the 1st experimental group of broiler chickens was higher by 1,01 abs.%, in the 2nd experimental group by 6,72 abs.% and in the 3rd experimental group by 4,03 abs.% compared to the control group. In the control group this figure was 19,77 %. It was established in the results of the second scientific and economic experiment that the use of variety lupine Deco and the natural mineral additive bischofi te in the diets of broiler chickens contributed to additional profi t in the amount of 1171,51 rubles per on 120 heads of broilers. The level of profitability in the experimental group was higher by 5,56 abs.% compared to the control group.

Effect of lithuanian genotypes resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) in Lupinus angustifolius L.

Breeding for disease resistance is one of the most difficult tasks in breeding work. Rapid mutation of pathogen’s populations, its ability to continuously form a large amount of races differing in virulence and aggressiveness are the chief obstacles in the development of disease-resistant lupine varieties. Of 2019—2021 year twelve narrow-leafed forage lupine genotypes developed by the individual selection methods and characterised by a high resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichtum gloesporoides (Penz.) Penz & Sass.) resistance 7—9 points, rapid growth rate, and a high seed yield 1.3—3.8 t/ha were tested at the competitive variety testing trials. The investigated lines are a valuable material from the viewpoint of genetics, breeding and agronomic characteristics which will be used in subsequent breeding work and the most promising lines will be transferred to the official variety testing.

Weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crops in grain-grass-rowed crop rotation in the North-West of Russia

The results of the long term (2012–2018) study of weed infestation of green fallow fields with narrow-leaved lupin in the crop rotation including cereals, grasses and row crops in the North-West region of Russia (Leningrad region) are presented. The assessment of weediness in the narrow-leaved lupine variety Oligarch crops was carried out annually at 24 permanent survey sites (0.1 square meter). Based on the results of the surveys, the formation of a diverse and constant species composition of weeds (from 15 to 25 species), mainly of medium and severe degree of weediness (141–593 specimens per square meter), with the proportion of young plants ranging from 90.4 to 99.7 %. The mass species of weeds were lamb’s quarters, field pansy, corn spurry, hemp-nettles, fumitory, shepherd’s purse, prevalent perennial weeds were field sowthistle, coltsfoot, red sorrel, couch grass, marsh woundwort. The prevailing influence of weather conditions and individual characteristics on the weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crop has been determined. The combined effect of two factors was expressed by 47.7, 57.8 and 47.1 % in terms of species abundance, initial abundance and final phytomass of weeds, respectively. Long term application of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the number of annuals (by 1.5–1.6 times) and a decrease in the density of growth of perennial weed species (by 1.6–1.9 times). The influence of the integrated plant protection system used in the crop rotation was manifested in a significant decrease in the density of perennial weed species (by 4.6 times) in narrow-leaved lupine crop.

Agrobiological evaluation of the varieties and cultivars of narrow-leafed fodder lupine

The reserve for increasing the production of high-protein fodder is the cultivation of leguminous crops, including narrow-leafed lupine (L. angustifolius L.). Protein content in the narrow-leafed lupine seeds is 33–35%, in the dry matter of green mass – 17–19%. It is one of the best forecrops for field crops, as it is able to accumulate 150-300 kg/ha of symbiotic nitrogen in its biomass. The research was conducted in the southwestern zone of the Central Region (Bryansk region). The soil of the fields is sod-podzolic loamy with an average fertility level, pH 5.1–5.6. The weather conditions did not quite meet the biological requirements of the crop. The results of the study of the varieties and cultivars of narrow-leafed lupin in the competitive variety trial 2020–2022 on grain and green mass yield, adaptability, alkaloid con tent and duration of the growing season are presented. The Vityaz variety included in the State Variety Register of the Russian Federation in six regions is taken as a standard. The varieties Bryansky kormovoy and Belorozovy 144 are released in all the regions of the country. Grain yield of different varieties and cultivars varied in the range of 1.59–3.74 t/ha during the years of study. The maximum value was obtained for Hybrid 1246 in 2020. SN 39-20 and Hybrid 1246 (2.86 and 2.76 t/ha) stood out in terms of average grain yield over the 3 years of the trial. The adaptability coefficient was 121 and 117%. The alkaloid content in the seeds of these varieties ranged from 0.010 to 0.046%, with an annual average of 0.028%. Less than 0.04% of alkaloids in the seeds were observed in the varieties SBS 56-15-1, Narrow-leafed 53-02 and Hybrid 1314. The duration of the growing season varied in the range of 78–95 days by year of the trial, the calendar maturity date was the end of July – the 2nd ten-day period of August. All of them are in the "very early" group (71–100 days). The minimum maturity date was observed in 2021 and the maximum in 2020. The varieties Belorozovy 144 and Hybrid 1314 have a longer (6–9 days) vegetation period compared to the standard variety Vityaz. They are characterized by high stature and intense lateral branching. The term of technological readiness for harvesting on green mass came in the first ten days of July. All lupine varieties and cultivars studied in the experiment exceeded the standard in green mass yield by 3.1-8.8 t/ha.

Evaluation of Phytase Impact on In Vitro Protein and Phosphorus Bioaccessibility of Two Lupin Species for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Legumes are an important source of protein, lipids, and other essential nutrients. As the demand for protein and lipids continues to surge on a global scale, there is a growing interest in incorporating legumes into aquafeeds. This shift is driven not only by the escalating growth of the aquaculture sector in recent years but also by the imperative to diminish the dependency on traditional resources like fishmeal (FM) and fish oil. Amongst legumes, different lupin species had been identified as a potential protein source to partially reduce the inclusion of FM in countries such as Australia, Chile, and the European Union. A comprehensive evaluation of their nutritional profiles, overall characteristics, and potential antinutritional factors is essential for informed utilization and the implementation of nutritional enhancement strategies. In pursuit of this goal, an in vitro gastrointestinal simulation system was devised to replicate the digestive conditions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The study focused on determining the bioaccessibility of protein and phosphorus within two sweet lupin varieties (alkaloids < 0.05) with high (Lupinus mutabilis) and low (Lupinus angustifolius) native phytic acid content evaluated as whole (W) or dehulled (D) seeds meals and the effect of a single dose of phytase (2,500 FTU/kg DM). Additionally, regular soybean meal (SBM) served as reference (10 treatments with 3 replicates). A 2,500 FTU/kg DM phytase dose increased the levels of PO4-3 released throughout the intestinal phase by 122.6% for L. mutatabilis W, 116.3% for L. mutatabilis D, 65.2% for L. angustifolius W, 59.0% for L. angustifolius D, and 91.8% for SBM compared to controls without phytase. The bioaccessibility of amino acids in varieties treated with phytase increased with respect to the control without phytase. L. mutabilis was found to be a potentially viable alternative as a good quality protein source for the manufacture of environmentally friendly aquafeeds.

Урожайность и качества зеленой массы сортов люпина узколистного селекции фиц картофеля имени А. Г. Лорха

The territory of the Kirov Region was place to conduct the field experiments on the cultivation and evaluation of the productivity of the green mass of plants of narrow-leaved lupine selected by the specialists of the A.G. Lorch Russian Potato Research Centre. For the growing season of 2022-2023, the amount of green mass per unit area in plants of the lupine varieties Accord, Fedorovsky, and Metsenat was significantly higher than that in the control plants (green pea of the variety Ukaz and field pea of the variety Ryabchik). The content of nitrogen, crude protein and crude ash in the green mass of lupin plants was higher compared to that of pea plants. The amount of exchange energy in the green mass of plants of the studied varieties did not change significantly in 2022 but there were significant differences in this indicator in lupine and pea plants in 2023. The difference reached 30%.

Elemental composition of white lupine grain

The study was carried out to study the elemental composition of various parts of the grain of white lupine varieties Gamma, Dega and Deter 1, which were cultivated in 2009-2011. in the North- East of the Central Black Earth Region. The content of 19 elements was determined at the Belgorodsky State Center for Agrochemical Service. The elemental composition of grain and its parts has been studied. Intensive consumption of chemical elements allows white lupine to have a unique chemical composition of the grain, which shows that the content of many chemical elements standardized in feeding is much higher than in the seeds of other leguminous crops. In terms of manganese content, white lupine is a concentrator plant. In the grain of white lupine, nitrogen (6.82±0.25 %), phosphorus (0.45±0.07 %), potassium (1.37±0.17 %), magnesium (0.17±) accumulate in significant quantities 0.02 %), sulfur (0.31±0.02 %), iron (41.85±1.36 mg/kg), zinc (48.55±4.33 mg/kg), manganese (390, 70±181.57 mg/kg), cobalt (0.82±0.19 mg/kg), molybdenum (6.80±0.67 mg/kg), which are concentrated to a greater extent in the core. The shell contains calcium (0.35±0.02 %), sodium (0.240±0.006 %), chromium (0.329±0.049 mg/kg), lead (0.60±0.04 mg/kg), cadmium (0.061 ±0.003 mg/kg), arsenic (0.024±0.002) higher than in the core. The separation of lupine grain into core and shell during deep processing can be used to increase or decrease the concentration of chemical elements. The range of variations in the content of chemical elements increases with increasing their concentration. In the analyzed samples, the content of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury is less than the maximum permissible values for white lupine grain used in feed. The data obtained are important for use in the production of compound feeds, protein concentrates and for determining standards for the content of chemical elements in white lupine grain and its parts as statistical materials when drawing up feeding programs for farm animals, poultry, and fish.

Results of study of polymorphism of &lt;i&gt;Lupinus angustifolius&lt;/i&gt; L. spike–like samples from VIR collection on valuable breeding traits

The spike-like (epigonal) forms of Lupinus angustifolius L. differ from the typical forms by transformation into pods of the first order branches in the upper part of the plant. There were lines and varieties of narrow-leaved lupine alternately subjected to three-year tests in the climatic conditions of the Moscow region in 2009-2022, as they come into VIR collection. The results of the evaluation of 48 spike-like samples were presented. Of these, a total of 40 non-alkaloid samples were selected. The carriers of the gene le (24 samples) and two genes ta и le (5 samples) were allocated. The morphometric parameters of the samples were characterized in accordance with the descriptor scale. The ranges of variability and coefficients of variation of indicators within the group were shown. The epigonal forms were characterized by weight of seeds in the range of 3.3-9.9 g per plant (on average for three years). The correlation analysis showed that the differences between the samples in the seed productivity were mainly due to differences in the seed size (r...0.51), in the number of pods on the main stem (r...0.53) and in the number of pods on the lateral branches (r...0.54). A negative relationship between the number of pods on the central brush and in the axils (r...–0.70) and between the weight of 1 000 seeds and the average number of seeds per pod (r...–0.55) was noted. The highest indicators of seed productivity had samples k-3062 75A/327 (Australia) and k-3630 B-23/86 (Russia) (9.5 and 9.9 g per plant). The leadership of these samples was due to the outstanding number of seeds per plant (67 and 70) and the number of pods per plant (21.1 and 26.3), including on the main stem (11.4 and 11.1) and on the lateral branches (9.7 and 15.2), as well as by the larger seeds (weight of 1 000 seeds 141 g). Both samples were low-alkaloid, and the sample k–3062 had non-cracking pods by ta and le genes.

Impacts of Different Processes on the Nutritional and Antinutritional Contents of White and Blue Lupin Seeds and Usage Possibilities for Sustainable Poultry Production.

In the current era, it is important to consider economic and ecological sustainability issues while optimally meeting the nutrient needs of poultry. The use and research of alternative feedstuffs have gained importance due to these factors. The aim of this study is to reveal the raw lupin seeds' nutrient ingredients as an alternative feedstuff and the effects of debittering methods. In the present study, two different treatments (germination for 2 days; heat treatment in an autoclave at 130 °C for 20 min) were applied to white and blue lupin seeds, and the differences in nutrient compositions between them and raw seeds were determined. When fatty acid compositions were analyzed, oleic, γ-linolenic, arachidic, behenic, erucic, and lignoceric acid values were found to be the highest in the raw, autoclaved, and germinated forms of white lupin (p < 0.01). The highest values of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids were observed in blue lupin (p < 0.01). While the value of total quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in raw white lupin grains was higher than 1.943 mg/g, it was higher than 1.800 mg/g in autoclaved and germination-treated grains. Similarly, the total QA value of raw blue lupin grains was 0.894 mg/g, 0.609 ± 0.244 mg/g in germination-treated seeds, and 0.705 ± 0.282 mg/g in autoclave-treated seeds. As a result of these findings, it can be said that the methods applied for the removal of bitterness gave promising results. Furthermore, it would be rewarding to use these lupin varieties in in vitro and in vivo experiments to reveal the impacts and mechanisms of debittering methods on poultry.

The results and perspectives for breeding of the green manure narrow-leafed lupine varieties for the productivity and morph-and-biological characters

The narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) has long been used as a green manure crop. Alkaloid content which is incompatible with forage varieties is a desirable trait for green manure ones. Alkaloids presented in plowed biomass of the green manure lupine have disinfected action for soil resulted in the lower infection of the next crops. The undemanding nature of green manure lupine to growing conditions consists of several features: it is an active nitrogen accumulator and provides 70 % of nitrogen for own needs, and its deeply penetrated root system allows make up the deficit of nutritional substances in arable layer with use of sub-soil horizons. The aim of the study was to reveal perspective narrow-leafed lupine’s green manure varieties and breeding lines for grain and green mass yield, for length of the vegetation season, alkaloid content and other morphological and biological characters. The tests have been done under Bryansk region’s conditions (the South-West zone of the Central region of Russia) on soddy-podzolic loamy cultivated soils with the moderate fertility level. The objects of the research were seven green manure varieties and breeding lines of the narrow-leafed lupine which have been tested in competition tests of 2021-2022. The breeding line Siderat 265-19 stand out for grain (2.62 t/ha), green mass (31.9 t/ha) yield and for early maturing (84 days). Alkaloid content in its seeds made 1.003 %, the standard level. The article presents the results of structural analyses for morphological peculiarities and productivity elements of new green manure hybrid lines (the standard variety – Tshutchinskiy).). The No. 1764 (Siderat 46 x Kormovoy 344) had the best index for plant height. The No. 1749 (Siderat 46 x Bryanskiy siderat) picked out for grain productivity. The seed weight per a plant was 14.3 g and the pod’s seedingwas 5.2 seeds.

Cladophora glomerata extracts produced by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction support early growth and development of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

The effect of the extract obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) from green macroalga Cladophora glomerata on the germination and early growth of three narrow-leaved lupin varieties (cv. Homer, Jowisz, and Tytan) was examined. The seeds of these varieties came from five growing seasons (2015–2019) and this was their successive propagation stage. In total, 45 groups were tested. Narrow-leaved lupin like other legumes have a beneficial effect on the physical properties and fertility of the soil. Its high nutritive value makes it suitable for the production of valuable fodder. The algal extract, which was screened for the content of active compounds responsible for their biostimulant effect was applied in two concentrations: 10 and 20%. The germination percentage, root, hypocotyl, epicotyl length and chlorophyll content in cotyledons were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The 20% extract stimulated the growth of seedlings of all lupin cultivars better than the 10% application. The Jowisz variety deserves special attention, as it has the longest root system of seedlings.

The use of lupin variety “Deco” in the feeding of pigs

The purpose of this research was to study the effect on the digestibility of dietary nutrients and livestock parameters of young pigs of different doses of an alternative feed source such as lupine grain of the variety “Deco” instead of full-fat soybeans in the composition of compound feed. The studies were carried out on young pigs of DanBred genetics under conditions of a pig-breeding enterprise. Clinically healthy pigs were selected for the research. The method of analogues was used when selecting animals into groups, taking into account age, live weight, sex, etc. Four groups of animals were formed to conduct the experiment. There were 48 pigs in each group. The duration of the experiment was 124 days. The control group of young pigs was fed compound feed with full-fat soybeans. Herdmates in the 1st experimental group were fed compound feed with 50 % of full-fat soybeans replaced with the variety “Deco” lupine, in the 2nd experimental group with 75 %, in the 3rd experimental group full-fat soybeans were completely replaced with lupine grain. In relation to full-fat soybeans lupine grain of the variety “Deco” contained more dry matter by 0,08 abs.%, crude protein by 2,45 abs.%, crude ash by 0,35 abs.%, nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2,38 abs.%, the studied amino acids by 1,75 abs.%. Partial or complete replacement of full-fat soybeans in the compound feed with the lupine variety “Deco” led to the increase in the digestibility of nutrients in the body of young pigs with the following results: dry matter was digested more by 0,41–1,15 abs.%, organic matter by 0,23–1,00 abs.%, crude fat by 0,17–1,52 abs.%, crude protein by 0,92–1,83 abs.%, crude fi ber by 2,04–3,21 abs.%, nitrogenfree extractive substances by 0,12–0,43 abs.% compared to the pigs of the control group. The use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus taken with compound feed in animals was greater in relation to analogues from the control group by 0,76–1,61 abs.%, 0,72–1,61 and 0,19–1,26 abs.%, respectively. At the age of 180 days, the live weight of pigs in the control group was 131,04 kg, and in the experimental groups it was 2,82–3,96 kg higher. There was the decrease in feed expenditures per 1 kg of live weight gain in animals of the experimental groups by 2,57–3,49 % in comparison with control analogues. In order to expand the feed supply in pig farming, increase the nutritional value of compound feed and reduce their cost, as well as increase the meat productivity of pigs we recommend input alkaloid-free lupine of the variety “Deco” into compound feed.

Nodulation Potential of Annual Sweet Lupins (Lupinus spp. L.) and its Effect on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Acidic Soils of Western Amhara, Ethiopia

In Ethiopia livestock feed shortage and soil acidity are serious problems. In recent years sweet lupins (white and blue species) were introduced as multipurpose crops in the country. However, there is no information about their nodulation potential. This study was conducted to evaluate nodulation potential of these sweet lupins and their effect on nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) content of the soil. Seven lupin varieties were evaluated using factorial arrangement (seven varieties * two inoculations) in a randomized complete block design in two locations for two years. The result showed that effect of inoculation and location was not significant (P &gt; 0.05) on biomass, seed, nodule number and soil parameters. While the effect of variety was significant (P &lt; 0.05) on nodule parameters. Its effect on dry biomass and seed yields was also significant in either of the years. Variety and year had no effect on soil N and P contents. In the first year, blue sweet lupin entries had the highest nodule number per plant, 222 nodules. In the second year similar nodulation performance was observed among species and varieties. Soil N and P were not affected by varieties and inoculation. In addition to their yield advantage, compared to the sweet white entries, blue sweet lupin varieties had high potential in nodulation. Therefore, these introduced sweet blue lupins can be used as multipurpose crops in acidic soils of Ethiopia.

Features of the formation of the structure of vegetative mass in white lupine of different directions of use

Aim. Determination of features and regularities of the formation of vegetative productivity in collection samples of white lupine for fodder and sidereal uses. Methods. Field, measuring and weighting and mathematical and statistical methods of assessments and analyses. Structural analysis by elements of vegetative productivity was carried out in the phase of shiny beans according to methodical recommendations. Results. 94 samples of white lupine for fodder and sideral uses were analyzed. According to the results of 4-year studies, it was established that sidereal collection samples of white lupine slightly exceeded fodder ones in terms of vegetative mass productivity indicators of 113.2 and 107.7, respectively. The most valuable samples combining increased indicators of the share of beans and leaves in the structure of the vegetative mass with high plant productivity are highlighted. These are fodder collection samples 7011, Makarivsky and 1664, the productivity of plants in which was 123.1; 118.3 and 117.0 g, respectively, and the share of beans and leaves - 68.5 and 67.0% and alkaloids Don, UD0800791, Ell Harrach 4, UD0800906, 6-003 with the share of beans and leaves 67.1-67 .6% and plant productivity – 126.0-144.0 g. Separated sources are recommended for the creation of new varieties of white lupine, green-cut and sidereal directions of use. Conclusions. The selected sources of lupine of white green-cut and sideral uses will serve to expand genetic diversity in the creation of new competitive varieties.

Response of New Yellow Lupin Varieties to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. Lupinus under Central European Conditions

The aim of a two-factorial field experiment was to determine how the inoculation of seeds/soil with preparations of Bradyrhizobium sp. Lupinus (Nitragina—seed inoculation, Nitroflora I—seed inoculation, Nitroflora II—soil inoculation, HiStick® Lupin—seed inoculation) affected plant development, seed chemical composition and yield of two yellow lupin varieties (Bursztyn, Puma). This experiment was carried out with four replications in 2018 and 2019 in Poland. Precipitation during both vegetation periods was similar to or lower than the long-term mean. Average seed yield of Puma was significantly greater than Bursztyn (by 0.22 t ha−1). According to the correlation coefficients, seed yield was mainly related to plant height, dry mass of nodules per plant and mass of 1000 seeds. Our results suggest that legumes, such as lupin, should always be inoculated with Bradyrhizobium, especially if they are cultivated for the first time in a field. For optimal results, the highest-quality preparations should be used. In our study, the best results were observed after HiStick® Lupin inoculation, which resulted in the highest protein content, seed yield and protein yield across all treatments.

Effects of Variety and Seeding Rate on Performance of Sweet Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) at Holetta, in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

The study was executed to evaluate the agro-morphological and nutritional performance of four narrow-leafed blue sweet lupin varieties (Australian lupin, Probor, Sanabor, and Vitabor) sown with five seeding rates (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 kg/ha) during the main cropping seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Holetta in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Randomized complete block design replicated three times in factorial arrangements was used for experimenting. The lupin varieties were sown in rows with an inter-row spacing of 30 cm. At sowing, diammonium phosphate fertilizer at the rate of 100 kg/ha was uniformly applied for all treatments in both years. Data were collected on plant height, dry matter yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, and nutritive value. All measured data were subjected to analysis of variance using procedures of SAS general linear model. The result revealed that plant height, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod of lupin varieties were significantly (P&lt;0.001) affected by experimental years. The varietal difference was the major cause of variation (P&lt;0.05) for dry matter yield, the number of pods per plant, and seed yield. The Sanabor, Probor and Vitabor varieties had 38, 23, and 20% dry matter yield advantage over the introduced Australian lupin variety, respectively. The Sanabor variety which produced the highest seed yield had 25, 17, and 14% seed yield advantages over Vitabor, Australian lupin, and Probor variety, respectively. The seed yield performance of lupin varieties was positively correlated with the number of pods per plant while it was negatively correlated with the number of seeds per pod. The dry matter yield and number of seeds per pod were also significantly (P&lt;0.05) affected by seeding rates of lupin varieties. The dry matter yield of lupin varieties increased with increasing seeding rates indicating the tested lupin varieties had a low tillering performance. The number of seeds per pod of lupin varieties decreased with increasing seeding rates. On the other hand, the nutritive values did not differ significantly (P&gt;0.05) among the tested lupin varieties. However, Vitabor variety gave better CP and IVDMD followed by Australian lupin while Probor variety gave the lowest CP and IVDMD. Vitabor variety which exhibited better ash, CP, and IVDMD contents produced the lowest NDF, ADF, and ADL contents when compared with other varieties. Generally, Sanabor and Probor varieties had better forage dry matter yield and seed yield but Vitabor and Australian lupin had relatively better nutritive values. For forage production, lupin varieties should be sown with the highest seeding rate (100 kg/ha) while the lowest seeding rate (60 kg/ha) is recommended for seed production. However, this research should be done across locations and over years to prove the above-recommended seeding rates for forage and seed productions in the study area and similar agro-ecologies. Keywords: dry matter yield, herbage quality, plant height, pod number, seed yield, seeding rate.

The search for commercial sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) adaptive to Ethiopian growing condition seems not successful: what should be done?

The study was conducted to find new adaptive commercial sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) varieties and evaluate the effect of inoculum on herbage and seed yields of white and blue lupin varieties in Ethiopia for two growing seasons in two locations. For the experiment a factorial arrangement (seven variety * two inoculation) in a randomized complete block design with three replication was used. Three sweet blue (Bora, Sanabor and Vitabor), three sweet white (Dieta, Energy and Feodora) and one bitter white local landrace lupin varieties were tested in the experiment. Analysis of variance was done using the general linear model procedure in SAS. The effects of location and inoculum were insignificant (P≥ 0.0761) on yield and yield parameters. The effect of variety was observed (P≤ 0.035) only on plant height, fresh biomass yield and thousand seed weight in both seasons except for fresh biomass yield in season two. However, its effect on other parameters was not shown (P≥ 0.134) in both growing seasons or only shown in either season. The mean dry matter yield of all varieties was 2.45 ton per ha. However, sweet blue entries performed better than white entries. The mean seed yield of blue sweet lupin entries and white local check was 2.6 ton per ha. Sweet blue and white local landrace varieties were found tolerant while, commercial sweet white lupin varieties were susceptible for anthracnose and fusarium diseases that occurred immediately after flowering. As a result imported commercial sweet white varieties failed to give seed yield. Developing adaptive, disease resistant and high yielding sweet white lupin through crossing the local and commercial varieties and looking for species specific inoculum should be the future research agendas.