Agrobiological evaluation of the varieties and cultivars of narrow-leafed fodder lupine

Abstract

The reserve for increasing the production of high-protein fodder is the cultivation of leguminous crops, including narrow-leafed lupine (L. angustifolius L.). Protein content in the narrow-leafed lupine seeds is 33–35%, in the dry matter of green mass – 17–19%. It is one of the best forecrops for field crops, as it is able to accumulate 150-300 kg/ha of symbiotic nitrogen in its biomass. The research was conducted in the southwestern zone of the Central Region (Bryansk region). The soil of the fields is sod-podzolic loamy with an average fertility level, pH 5.1–5.6. The weather conditions did not quite meet the biological requirements of the crop. The results of the study of the varieties and cultivars of narrow-leafed lupin in the competitive variety trial 2020–2022 on grain and green mass yield, adaptability, alkaloid con tent and duration of the growing season are presented. The Vityaz variety included in the State Variety Register of the Russian Federation in six regions is taken as a standard. The varieties Bryansky kormovoy and Belorozovy 144 are released in all the regions of the country. Grain yield of different varieties and cultivars varied in the range of 1.59–3.74 t/ha during the years of study. The maximum value was obtained for Hybrid 1246 in 2020. SN 39-20 and Hybrid 1246 (2.86 and 2.76 t/ha) stood out in terms of average grain yield over the 3 years of the trial. The adaptability coefficient was 121 and 117%. The alkaloid content in the seeds of these varieties ranged from 0.010 to 0.046%, with an annual average of 0.028%. Less than 0.04% of alkaloids in the seeds were observed in the varieties SBS 56-15-1, Narrow-leafed 53-02 and Hybrid 1314. The duration of the growing season varied in the range of 78–95 days by year of the trial, the calendar maturity date was the end of July – the 2nd ten-day period of August. All of them are in the "very early" group (71–100 days). The minimum maturity date was observed in 2021 and the maximum in 2020. The varieties Belorozovy 144 and Hybrid 1314 have a longer (6–9 days) vegetation period compared to the standard variety Vityaz. They are characterized by high stature and intense lateral branching. The term of technological readiness for harvesting on green mass came in the first ten days of July. All lupine varieties and cultivars studied in the experiment exceeded the standard in green mass yield by 3.1-8.8 t/ha.