Luhansk Regions Research Articles

TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The replacing of world civilization and Ukrainian society in particular played a significant role in the evolution of medical education in Ukraine. The system of higher education simultaneously affects the development of the future generation of doctors and is a remarkable social institution. That is why, the role of the system of higher medical education in difficult periods of the state’s development and proposed ways to innovate and optimize the scientific potential of students of higher medical education was analyzed.
 The aim of the study. The aim of the study is to analyze the current trends of transformational changes in the field of medical education and to propose ways to optimize the scientific potential of students of higher medical education.
 Objects and methods of the study include the system of medical education at the Higher Secondary School of the PSMU in various periods of its formation and development.
 Results and discussion. During our research, an analysis of modern trends in the development of medical education in Ukraine by studying well-known literary data was performed. The basis of own research is: quantitative analysis and synthesis (for the study of the higher education system of Ukraine); comparative analysis (to highlight the peculiarities of the functioning of the system of higher medical education in the conditions of modern challenges).
 Studying the system of higher education of Ukraine, it pays attention to the fact that the entire period of its development was accompanied by certain tests that prompted the transfer of the educational process to online format. At the same time, it should be noted that students are most often concerned with the following problems: poor or no Internet 30.2% of respondents; complex emotional state and psychological problems of higher education applicants 25.9; absence or lack of gadgets for learning 12.1%; a higher education student does not accept distance learning 10% of respondents; 9.2% of respondents noted that they were able to join distance learning partially or only for a certain period. Most of the higher education seekers who pointed out this problem lived in the Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Luhansk regions before the war; absence or partial distance learning happened to 2.5% of respondents, who for a certain period, namely at the beginning of the war, should not have been able to join the training at all; 2.0% faced the problem of studying during their stay abroad.
 Analyzing the transformational changes that have occurred in our state, one can safely say that the social and medical conditions in which the society found itself have caused many problems in the field of medical education. There is an urgent need to solve the strategy, content, structure, methods of teaching, education and formation of views.

Military camps for minors in the temporary occupied territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions: organizational and content aspects of the work

Military camps for minors in the temporary occupied territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions: organizational and content aspects of the work

The hospitality market in Ukraine: War challenges and restoration possibilities

The Crimea annexation and the military aggression of the Russian Federation, which first began in some territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions in 2014 and escalated into a full-scale war on February 24, 2022, resulted in heavy losses of life and a humanitarian crisis, exacerbating economic, political and social instability. To restore Ukraine’s economy, all businesses, including hospitality (hotel and restaurant business) sector, should continue functioning, though it is a challenging but crucial task. The paper aims to analyze the state of the hospitality market in the current war conditions in Ukraine and assess the possibilities of its restoration and development. An online survey was conducted among 282 representatives of the hospitality business in Kyiv, Sumy, Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Poltava, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Ternopil, and Zakarpattia regions. Based on the results, in 2022, almost 23% of hospitality industry representatives suspended their activities, and 54% functioned only partially. Many surveyed hotels and restaurants (36%) have gradually changed and adapted their business strategies. For more than half of the hospitality representatives, expenses increased by 20-50%, and profits dropped by more than 20%. The critical consequences of the full-scale war for the Ukrainian hospitality market are as follows: disruption of supply chains, reduction in consumers’ purchasing power, changes in consumer demand, shortage of certain types of products, shortage of personnel, and business unprofitability.

RESTORING OF THE BASIN STATUS OF SIVERSKY DONETS-ZAPURUKA, SOLUTION OF THE MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF DONBAS

On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of physical-geographical, geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological, engineering-geological and hydrological data, an unjustified biased lowering of the basin status of the Siverskyi Donets River to the sub-basin of the Don River was proved. The main hydrological and hydrogeological differences of the Don river basin and the Siverskyi Donets river basin have been clarified. The restoration of the basin status of the Siverskyi Donets River has been substantiated and 17 sub-basins have been identified, including 7 on the left slope and 10 on the right slope of the Siverskyi Donets river, which has a great environmental significance. Balanced and balanced modeling of scenarios of uncontrolled flooding of coal mines and the organization of regional and zonal monitoring of groundwater and surface water in the territory of Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk regions, thanks to the restoration of the basin status of the Siverskyi Donets River, will become more informative and more reliable.

Carex × takhtadjanii (Carex diluta × C. distans; Cyperaceae), a new hybrid for the flora of Ukraine

Abstract There are 96 species of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) known in the flora of Ukraine, but so far there are no data about its hybrids for the country yet. However, the first one, C. × takhtadjanii [C. diluta × C. distans], was discovered in Starobilsk town (Luhansk region) during a field investigation in 2021. Detailed information about this floristic finding with the description of morphological characters of this hybrid and its habitat is given. Also a map with known locations of C. × takhtadjanii around the world is compiled, as well as the main morphological differences between this hybrid and its parental species are reported.

“THE CITY TO WHICH I CANNOT RETURN”: THE SPACE OF TEMPORARY OCCUPIED DONETSK AND LUHANSK REGIONS IN THE MEMORIES OF CHILDREN FROM IDP FAMILIES

The purpose of this study was to determine the image of the Donbas cities carried by children who have become forced migrants. The article is based on interviews with individuals under the age of 18 in 2014 who were forced to flee their homes due to the conflict in Donbass. These interviews were conducted primarily in 2020 and 2021. The interviewees cannot return to their cities for various reasons; for some, attempting to cross the border between the so-called LPR and DPR could land them in prison due to the status or public standing of their families. It is important to note that frequently the child did not have the chance to say goodbye to the parental home because the departure was planned for several days or weeks in advance. The article analyzes, from the perspective of the psychology of overcoming a traumatic experience, how the inability to return and the absence of a farewell ceremony affect the current state of a person. It is important for a person to revisit places associated with his childhood and his family’s history at various stages of his life. Such locations include ancestral graves, parental homes, and others associated with significant life events. This situation is complicated by the fact that many respondents’ ancestors, such as grandfathers and grandmothers, chose to remain in territory not under Ukrainian government control. The inability to "say goodbye" traumatizes the psychological state of a person who has been deprived of his roots. What will happen if the images of immigrants and locals collide, how can a potential conflict be avoided, and what role can it play in the reintegration process? The article is relevant to the reconstruction of the cities of Donbass, which were previously in uncontrolled territory, because it raises the issue of image conflict and seeks a solution to this issue.

ОЦІНКА ТЕХНОГЕННОГО ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО РИЗИКУ ЗА КРИТЕРІЄМ ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВУГЛЕВИДОБУВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ДОНЕЦЬКОЇ ТА ЛУГАНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТЕЙ

The peculiarities of the geological and technical conditions of the coal deposits of the Donetsk coal basin, which are concentrated within the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, are revealed. The main indicators are given and an analysis of the technical and economic state of the coal industry is performed using the example of the main coal mining enterprises of the studied territories. An assessment of the complex impact on the surrounding natural environment сreated by the main coal-mining enterprises was carried out, based on a detailed examination and identification of a number of factors of the creation of man-made load within the limits of technology technical complexes of coal mining facilities. The assessment of technogenic and environmental risk based on the criteria of ecological and economic efficiency of coal mining enterprises of Donetsk and Luhansk regions made it possible to form the first approximate, but scientifically based ideas about the profitability (unprofitability) of coal mining activities of some enterprises, which is the basis for the further development of recommendations on consistency and expediency closing of mines in order to reduce the technogenic load. The article analyzes and uses data from the official environmental reporting of coal-mining enterprises, data from the Geoinform Ukrainy State Research Institute, the Ministry of Energy, the State Statistics Service, and scientific and methodological sources. According to the results of the assessment of the parameter of ecological and economic efficiency of enterprises and analysis of its influence on the formation of ecological safety of production, none of the main coal-mining enterprises of Donetsk and Luhansk regions is considered ecologically safe. Enterprises of SE "Lysychanskvugilya", SE "Pervomaiskvugilya" (Luhansk region), as well as enterprises of SE "Myrnogradvugilya" and SE "Selydivvugilya" (Donetsk region) are characterized by the lowest value of the coefficient of optimality of technological processes and are classified as extremely environmentally dangerous enterprises according to the results of the assessment.

Регіональні державні закупівлі легкових автомобілів в Україні

The article analyzes regional public procurement of passenger cars in Ukraine for 2020–2022. Information on the volume of purchases and total expenses of various State authorities, institutions and organizations in different regions of Ukraine for the purchase of passenger cars during the analyzed period is provided. It was found that the largest expenses for the purchase of cars for 2020–2022 carried out healthcare institutions – UAH 4.09 billion, housing and communal services – UAH 510.10 million, law enforcement agencies – UAH 441.70 million, the State administrations – UAH 159.27 million, energy companies – UAH 122.99 million, Ukravtodor - UAH 103.92 million. The limits of passenger cars serving regional State administrations, Kyiv and Sevastopol city administrations, district and city district State administrations of the cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol are analyzed. It is found that the largest number of passenger cars was provided for the city of Kyiv and for Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kyiv, Luhansk, Lviv and Odesa regions. Among district State administrations, the largest number of passenger cars falls on Kharkiv, Vinnytsia, Odesa, Kyiv, Poltava and Zhytomyr regions. Among the regions, the largest number of passenger cars was purchased by the State bodies, institutions and organizations in Kyiv – 2259 passenger cars worth UAH 2981.00 million, in Zaporizhzhia region – 271 cars worth UAH 239.74 million, Dnipropetrovsk region – 196 cars worth UAH 106.86 million, Kyiv region – 190 cars worth UAH 116.06 million, Kharkiv region – 186 cars worth UAH 122.79 million. The smallest number of passenger cars purchased on the public expense in 2020–2022 was in Luhansk region – 39 cars worth UAH 29.76 million, Kirovohrad region – 46 cars worth UAH 24.89 million, Cherkasy region – 47 passenger cars worth UAH 28.79 million, Ternopil region – 58 cars worth UAH 74.84 million, Mykolaiv region – 80 cars worth UAH 52.22 million. In further research, it is worth analyzing public procurement of passenger cars over the period of 2016–2019 in dynamics and compare them with the statistic data of 2020–2022

МІЖНАРОДНА ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ В СИСТЕМІ ЦІЛЕЙ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

Тask statement. Ukraine defends its right to implement European and Euro-Atlantic integration. The recovery of the country after the war will depend on the effectiveness of integration to a large extent. Specifying the goals of economic policy at the metho- and macro-level to stimulate the international economic integration of Ukraine in the post-war period is the purpose of this study. Research results. The first task of this study was to calculate the propensity index for international migration of the regions and economic districts of Ukraine. The dynamics of the index are analyzed for the period 2016-2021. Formation of the integration activity matrix of the regions, taking into account the influence of the external environment of the relevant economic district, was the second task of the study. The third task provided for the identification of the main goals of intensifying the international integration of the regions of Ukraine in the post-war period. Conclusion. It has been confirmed that the vast majority of border regions have an index of propensity for international integration from a medium to a high level. A significant gap between the integration activity of the city of Kyiv and other regions has been recorded. Attention is focused on the renewable potential of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, which, even under the conditions of partial occupation, maintained integration activity at a medium and high level. Internal disparities for three out of six economic regions of Ukraine were revealed. The substantiation of the goals of the policy of stimulating international integration was carried out both for the national level and for the regions.

EQUALIZATION OF LOCAL BUDGET DISPROPORTIONS THAT AROSE IN CONNECTION WITH FULL-SCALE WAR

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to outline ways to resolve issues related to overcoming imbalances in the local budgets of the regions of Ukraine most affected by Russian aggression. Methodology of research. General scientific and empirical methods based on a systemic approach were used in the research process. The methods of statistical data processing and grouping were used to analyse disparities in local budgets of the most affected regions, as well as the method of system analysis. Findings. The article analyses the dynamics and structure of revenues and expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine under martial law. The negative impact of the full-scale war on the revenues and expenditures of local budgets was established, in particular, the identification of budget deficits, failure to ensure income growth of the Kherson, Donetsk, and Luhansk regions. The percentage value of the performance indicators of local budgets was established. Balance coefficients and volumes of interbudgetary transfers were determined. The following methods of equalizing disparities in the income and expenditure parts proposed by the authors to ensure the financial stability of local authorities and the balance of their budgets: reducing expenses, expanding external financing, using interbudgetary transfers. The importance of the additional subsidy aimed at equalizing disparities in territorial development and contributing to the stability of local budgets is indicated. Originality. The article provides a detailed analysis of the influence of martial law on the formation and implementation of the revenue and expenditure part of local budgets of Ukraine was carried out, taking into account statistical data and legislative changes. In addition, a number of methods of equalizing the disparities of local budgets are proposed, which can be used to ensure the stability and balance of the financial resources of the local government in the conditions of martial law. Practical value. The results of the research can be used to develop effective mechanisms for equalizing the disparities of the income and expenditure parts of local budgets in the conditions of martial law and ensuring their balance at the local level. Key words: local budgets, disparities, balancing, revenues, expenditures, interbudgetary transfers, additional subsidy.

ASSESSING OF KAPPA-CASEIN POLYMORPHISM IN UKRAINIAN CHAROLAIS CATTLE AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS WITH PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS

Much attention is paid to the study of kappa-casein gene polymorphism in dairy breeds of cattle. Moreover, there is a lack of research on kappa-casein polymorphism in cattle beef breeds. Knowing that different alleles of the kappa-casein gene have different effects on milk yield and milk protein content, it would be important to study the exact allele associations in Ukrainian Charolais cattle. In addition, it would be relevant to find out whether there is an effect of different alleles of the kappa-casein gene on growth parameters in offspring. In addition, the current study would be highly relevant due to no previous research of κ- Cn in Ukrainian Charolais cattle. The polymorphism of the kappa-casein (κ-Cn) gene was studied in the population of Ukrainian Charolais cattle (n=29), "Privilla" agricultural company (Ukraine, Luhansk region) using the PCR-PDRF method. DNA was extracted from blood using the DNA Sorb isolation kit (AmplySens). Hind III restriction enzyme (FastDigest, Thermo Scientific) was used to see 2 allelic variants of κ-Cn polymorphism, which are A (273 bp) and B (182, 91 bp). The frequency of the A allele was 0.57±0.065 and 0.43±0.065 of the B allele. According to the genotyping results, allele frequency distribution in the population of 2021 did not reliably differ from the population of 2012. As a result, allele frequencies of the kappa-casein gene in 2012 for allele A was 0.61±0.054 and for B 0.39±0.054. This indicates the lack of selection pressure on population dynamics such as selective selection and gene drift over a period of 10 years. The frequency of AA genotypes was equal to 0.31, of BB genotype to 0.17 and of AB to 0.52. It was found that the theoretically expected number of genotypes, calculated according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, did not reliably differ from the actual number. It could be related to current alleles being within an equilibrium state. In cattle with different genotypes of the κ-Cn gene, the values of the liveweight gain (kg) and the average daily gain (g) were calculated. In cattle with the BB genotype, there was an increase in the weight gain of their calves at weaning at 210 days (206.0±5.65 kg). In addition, the average daily gain of calves was 981.0±26.94 g, compared to genotypes AA (201.4±8.08 kg and 958.9±37.85 g, respectively) and AB – (196.8±2.45 kg and 936.9±11.73 g, respectively). Though, there were no significant differences between AA, BB and AB genotypes considering the studied parameters. Keywords: gene, kappa-casein, cattle, Charolais, polymorphism, meat productivity.

ЗОВНІШНІЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ БОРГ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article is devoted to the assessment and analysis of the dynamics of external public debt and key indicators of external debt security of Ukraine for 2009 – July 2023. During the war, Ukraine is at a critical juncture where it must balance the imperative of post-conflict reconstruction with the need to manage external debt to ensure economic sustainability. The multifaceted nature of this challenge requires an integrated approach that encompasses policy coordination, diplomatic engagement, and in-depth economic analysis. The key emphasis in this study is on the analysis of the external public debt of Ukraine, in the context of the challenges caused by the war, highlighting the relationship between economic strategies and the needs of post-war reconstruction. The analysis of key indicators of external debt security proved a critical level of external debt burden. Based on the constructed Laffer curve, the threshold value of the ratio of external public debt to GDP is determined. The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the assessment and analysis of external public debt and key indicators of Ukraine's external debt security, for the development of an effective external public debt management system and the transformation of public borrowing into a tool for post-war and post-war recovery of the country. The following scientific methods were used to achieve the goals of the scientific research: analysis and generalization – to study the current state of external debt security in Ukraine; comparison and compilation - for the analysis of the system of external debt security indicators; statistical analysis – to study the dynamics of debt security indicators and calculate an integral index based on them. Based on the analyzed dynamics of the external public debt, a conclusion was made about the "critical" debt load with peak values in 2014 (military conflict in certain territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions), in 2020–2021 (overcoming the negative consequences of the global Covid-19 pandemic) and in 2022–2023 (military aggression of Russia from the beginning of 2022). To determine the threshold value of the indicator of the ratio of public debt to GDP, the construction of the Laffer debt curve is proposed. On the basis of retrospective analysis and modern challenges, key possible ways of improving approaches to the management of Ukraine's external public debt in the conditions of martial law are determined.

ПРОСТОРОВО-ЧАСОВЕ РОЗПОВСЮДЖЕННЯ ВИПАДКІВ МАСОВОГО ВІДКЛАДЕННЯ ОЖЕЛЕДІ КАТЕГОРІЇ НЯ (НЕБЕЗПЕЧНА) ТА СГЯ (СТИХІЙНА) НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ ПРОТЯГОМ 1991-2020 РР.

The work is devoted to the research of features of spatio-temporal distribution of cases of mass deposition of ice in the category of DP (dangerous) and SHP (spontaneous) during the last three decades (1991-2020). NE and SGYA) on the territory of Ukraine for a certain period of time. The study was based on materials for monitoring ice deposits on a standard ice machine at all meteorological stations in Ukraine. It was found that cases of mass distribution of ice deposits in the category of NE and OHS are more common in the winter months of December-January and November. The increase in the number of cases of mass deposition of NY ice in January, March and November 2011-2020 compared to 2001-2010 has been proved. Spatial differentiation on the territory of Ukraine of such cases during separate ten-year periods, which characterize the current state of climate of Ukraine, is revealed. From the above we can draw conclusions, namely Given the above, we can draw a number of conclusions, namely Cases of mass deposition of ice category DP (dangerous) are more common in the winter months, especially in December and January. There is a certain redistribution of the number of cases of mass deposition of ice in the category of NO for some of the studied decades. The increase in the number of such cases in January 2001-2010 and 2011-2020 compared to the first decade of 1991-2000 and a certain increase in the number of cases in November compared to 2001-2010. in the last decade, their number decreased in February, especially compared to 2001-2010, and in December compared to the same period. For the most part, the duration of cases of mass deposition of ice category DP is 2-3 days, which is typical for all 3 studied decades. In the longest and most common cases, the duration can be 4-5 or more days (8-9). It is established that in 2001-2010 and 2011-2020 longer cases of mass spread of postponed ice of the DP category were revealed in comparison with 1991-2000. It is proved that in the case of mass deposition of ice of the DP category, such deposits are mostly observed in the central, southern and eastern regions. Among them are Kirovohrad, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Kherson, Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Cases of mass deposition of ice in the category of SHP during the studies for decades are more common in November and December, but some of them were observed in January and February. According to the spatial distribution in cases of mass nature of ice deposits of the SHP category, they are observed in the territory from 2 to 3-4 oblasts, but there are larger ones. The most common were 2 cases in 1991-2000 (25.11.-7.12.2000) and in 2011-2020 (17-20.01.2014) which spread to 8 oblasts. Mostly with the mass distribution of ice deposits of the SHP category, they are found in a number of regions – west-northwest – Carpathian region – Precarpathia (and partly Polissya); center – Vinnytsia region, south of Kirovohrad region and south-southeast of Dnipropetrovsk region, center of Zaporizhia; southwest-south – most of Odessa region, south of Mykolayiv region, south-southeast of Kherson region

ЛІБЕРАЛІЗАЦІЙНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В ДОНБАСІ У РОКИ «ВІДЛИГИ»: МАСШТАБИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ

The presented article is aimed at studying the liberalization processes that took place in the social and cultural life of Donbas under the influence of the «thaw». The general trends and the scope of liberalization in the region were analyzed. The regional peculiarities were identified, and the factors that determined the shift in the social consciousness of the population of the region were pointed out. The recreation of spiritual atmosphere in Donbas of 1953-1964 is important in the context of understanding the realities of the functioning of cultural elite. The author sought the ways of revealing the problem of refracting possible influences on the worldview of the creative intelligentsia of the region. The statistical data on the progress of work on the study and clarification of the resolution on the personality’s cult and the tendencies of overcoming its consequences in Donetsk and Luhansk regions were provided. The possibilities of obtaining information from foreign radio broadcasts and press sources were analyzed. It was concluded that liberalization processes in Donbas corresponded to all-Ukrainian trends and were dependent on the cultural and political processes taking place in the capitals. Simultaneously, the democratization of cultural life in the regions was inferior to those processes in terms of scale. The peculiarities of the liberalization course were related both to the specifics of the province and the regional characteristics of Donbas itself (russification, strong regional self-identification, mythologizing of the region by the authorities). The sources of expanding the consciousness of the creative intelligentsia of the region were cultural and socio-political impulses coming from the center (Kyiv, Moscow); Western mass media (radio, press); personal contacts with outstanding cultural personalities of the former USSR (tours abroad, primarily in the countries of the so-called socialist camp and visits of groups from different countries), citizens of European countries, prisoners of Stalinist camps (occasional meetings, contacts with the relatives), trips abroad (creative business trips), etc.

Захистити минуле - щоб зберегти майбутнє (замість передмови)

Dear reader! You are holding in your hands the next issue of the VITA ANTIQUA almanac, the publication of which is accompanied by tragic, but at the same time, significant and powerful events in the life of our country. Ukrainian society is going through one of the most difficult moments of its historical development — the brutal and unprovoked aggression of the Russian Federation on our peaceful towns and villages, which for our people has become a struggle for real freedom and independence. Wars all over the world always have the similar consequences, and the Russian-Ukrainian war is no exception: they lead to terrible casualties among the civilian population, mass displacement, violations of human rights and neglect of international humanitarian law. One of the manifestations of such violations is the destruction of cultural heritage; it becomes one of the most vulnerable segments of social life during war. Considering that the war in Ukraine has been going on since 2014, there are thousands of destroyed or damaged monuments, especially in Donetsk and Luhansk regions and in Crimea. Since Russia started a full-scale invasion in Ukraine in February 2022, the number of damaged and destroyed monuments and archaeological sites has begun to rise across the country. The biggest loss for Ukrainian heritage was the looting of museum collections that ended up in the occupied territories. Irreparable damage was the result of the lack of developed algorithms for the protection of museum collections from bombings and the evacuation of collections from front-line territories. Effective evacuation mechanisms were not developed; there are no clear instructions, materials and organizational support for rescue operations in relation to museum funds. This problem has not been solved even now, despite the constantly changing front line in the south and east of our country. In the conditions of the threat of losing part of the cultural heritage, the meaning of this heritage is being rethought in society and an understanding of the importance of preserving and studying objects of historical, anthropological, ethnographic, and archaeological value is being formed.

УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ БУДДИЗМ І НЕОБУДДИЗМ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the functioning of Buddhist and neo- Buddhist movements in the conditions of the war in Ukraine. It is noted that the modernization of Ukrainian culture, which is accompanied by the development of post-secular trends, manifests itself not only in the revival and transformation of religious beliefs traditional for our people, but also in the spread of non-traditional and neo-religious teachings and movements, among which Buddhism and Neo-Buddhism occupy a special place. The revival of Buddhism in Ukraine in the 90s of the last century took place mainly with the mediation of Russia. In the situation that developed at that time, Buddhism acted as a kind of "agent" of Russian cultural expansion. In the conditions of the war against rashism, it largely became independent from Russian influence. Among the most striking manifestations of Buddhism in Ukraine is the sangha of the Mahayanist direction of the Nipponzan Myōhōji Order, whose representatives have suffered from racist aggression since 2014 and until today. As a result of the occupation by Russian terrorists of parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, neo-religious groups, including Buddhists, were displaced from these territories. Seeking refuge, Ukrainian Buddhists were directly faced with the need to form a clear position in relation to Russia's military invasion of Ukraine, not hiding behind the general Buddhist notion of the absurdity of any war as a way to resolve conflicts. During the analysis, it was also established that under the influence of transformational processes in Western European Buddhism, domestic Buddhism is being modernized. In Ukraine, neo-Buddhist practices are identified with such directions and schools as Karma Kagyu, Zen Buddhism, Nittiren, White Lotus, as well as with Protestant and cyber Buddhism. Within the boundaries of neo-Buddhist teachings, the problem of Russia's aggressive war of aggression against Ukraine is discussed sporadically, but it is already possible to distinguish certain trends in the understanding and interpretation of its essence and the preference for a negative assessment of the moral component of rashist aggression, which certainly indicates positive shifts in the ideas of domestic followers of the doctrine and hope on the useful application of Buddhist methods and practices to improve the spiritual and psychological state of the Ukrainian community, as well as on the further development of antitotalitarian tendencies and tolerance towards non-traditional religious phenomena in its environment.

Features of the functioning of labor market of ukraine in crisis and post-crisis period: national and regional aspects

The article is devoted to the study of state and key trends of the functioning of labor market of Ukraine in crisis and post-crisis period (2014–2022). It has been established that many factors negatively impact on development of modern Ukrainian labor market. These factors are the following: remarkable decrease in number of economically active population as a result of the acceleration of «aging» rate of the nation and intensification of emigration; long-term lockdowns (from 12.03.2020 to 31.05.2020 and from 08.01.2021 to 25.01.2021) and other restrictions (from June 2020 to April 2021) explained by spread of the coronavirus disease covid-19; effect of the state of emergency and martial law (from February 24, 2022 to the present); drop in GDP and corresponding decrease in demand for economic and technical specialists; imperfect territorial structure of the national economy of Ukraine that leads to the serious disparities in the level of employment in different regions of the country; imperfection of Ukrainian legislation on employment and unemployment problems that is not corresponded to current political, economic, social and military challenges; inefficient tax system that does not stimulate self-employment and employment of young people in the country. It was revealed that key features of the functioning of labor market of Ukraine in crisis and post-crisis period (2014–2022) are an increase in unemployed, especially in youth unemployed; strengthening of the processes of labor and business migration to the EU countries, especially Poland, Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic; rapid development of types of flexible employment such as outsourcing, outstaffing, leasing, freelance, etc. The regional features of the functioning of labor market of Ukraine have been also investigated and it has been found that Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv and Odesa regions are characterized by the lowest level of actual unemployment rate. At the same time, Volyn, Donetsk, Kirovohrad and Luhansk regions are characterized by the highest level of unemployment rate that is most likely due to the fact that young people usually go to study (or look for work) in more developed regions or even abroad. In order to solve negative phenomena on the modern labor market of Ukraine, the author has proposed the following measures: increase in government expenditure on training students in priority specialties; increase in government expenditure on education, including retraining of managerial and technical personnel; improvement of the national tax system that will stimulate self-employment and provide jobs, first of all, young people aged between 25 and 35; increase in number and quality of social infrastructure facilities.

АДАПТАЦИЯ МОЛОДЕЖИ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ТЕАТРАЛЬНОГО ИСКУССТВА

In modern studies of the theater, its social function is noticeably highlighted. The democratic nature of the theatrical atmosphere, the response of theatrical art to the most acute problems of today determine the importance of this type of artistic activity in the life of society. The theater educates the young spectator spiritually and morally, offers a social ideal that young people look up to, although they do not always realize this when watching the stage action from the audience. Participation in theatrical productions, mastering the world through stage reincarnation gives much more opportunities to "try on" the social roles of heroes of the past and present, to feel moral issues and choose your own path to a bright ideal. The author of the article analyzes the works of researchers in the field of the potential of modern theatrical art as an instrument of social adaptation of young people. Through the prism of the concept of the problem, which has a unique style in the theaters of Luhansk region preserved by the faithful to the Soviet classics, it is shown.

Донбас в горнилі війни: чи буде людський потенціал для відновлення регіону

The article analyzes the state and problems of reproduction of human potential of Donbas regions in conditions of hybrid and full-scale war. It has been established that as a result of the armed conflict unleashed by Russia in 2014 and the occupation of part of the territories of Donbas, Donetsk and Luhansk regions suffered significant economic and human losses. During 2014-2021, the conditions for the reproduction of human potential deteriorated, so there was a steady decrease in the population of the regions and a deterioration in its age structure. During the full-scale war that began in February 2022, Donbas found itself in the zone of the most intense hostilities. As a result, the basic socio-economic conditions of life and reproduction of the human potential of the region have actually been destroyed. The losses and destruction of Donetsk region during the year of full-scale war are systematized. It is concluded that a demographic, humanitarian and environmental catastrophe literally unfolded in the Donbas. There is an intensive depopulation of these territories. Large-scale destruction of housing, educational and social infrastructure threatens the ability of these regions to reproduce human assets in the short and medium term post-war period. The loss of human potential of Donbas regions will be the main obstacle to the restoration and modernization of the regional economy.

Television Of Luhansk Region Between The Information And Full-Scale War: Destroyed Revival

ntroduction. The activity of the television organizations of Luhansk region was analyzed, which proved the stages of its development. The stage of development, which falls on the period 2015-2022, is detailed. Relevance of the study. The purpose of the article is to analyze the mass communication activities of the regional TV channels of the Luhansk region in the conditions of hybrid aggression and the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, which involves clarifying the features and stages of the development of television broadcasting, determining the existing threats to the information security system, and analyzing the activities of Luhansk region’s television companies during 2015-2022. Methodology. A set of general scientific and special scientific methods and techniques was used: descriptive, comparative-historical, classification, statistical. Collectively, they became the only mechanism for performing the assigned tasks. Results. The deep integration of the media into the local political system, which in its majority had anti-Ukrainian views, was confirmed, which during the period of controversial events contributed to the formation and dissemination of anti-Ukrainian narratives by means of television, the active use of the media resource to carry out informational attacks towards Ukraine. First destroyed in 2014 due to Russia’s occupation of part of the territory and revived in 2015 on the territories controlled by Ukraine, TV, developing in the system of the national information space, faced problems of a systemic nature, some of which posed a threat to the national security of Ukraine. A full-scale invasion once again destroyed the regional TV and led to the occupation of new territories and the annexation of the sovereign information field. Conclusions. Unresolved security challenges and a full-scale war led to the occupation of almost the entire territory of Luhansk region, the destruction of the Ukrainian regional television system, the annexation of the sovereign information field and its frequency resource used by Russian propaganda broadcasters. We consider further studies of mass communication activities in the conditions of an emergency, hybrid and military aggression to be promising in view of the presence of challenges for the global system of information and transnational security.