ЛІБЕРАЛІЗАЦІЙНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В ДОНБАСІ У РОКИ «ВІДЛИГИ»: МАСШТАБИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ

Abstract

The presented article is aimed at studying the liberalization processes that took place in the social and cultural life of Donbas under the influence of the «thaw». The general trends and the scope of liberalization in the region were analyzed. The regional peculiarities were identified, and the factors that determined the shift in the social consciousness of the population of the region were pointed out. The recreation of spiritual atmosphere in Donbas of 1953-1964 is important in the context of understanding the realities of the functioning of cultural elite. The author sought the ways of revealing the problem of refracting possible influences on the worldview of the creative intelligentsia of the region. The statistical data on the progress of work on the study and clarification of the resolution on the personality’s cult and the tendencies of overcoming its consequences in Donetsk and Luhansk regions were provided. The possibilities of obtaining information from foreign radio broadcasts and press sources were analyzed. It was concluded that liberalization processes in Donbas corresponded to all-Ukrainian trends and were dependent on the cultural and political processes taking place in the capitals. Simultaneously, the democratization of cultural life in the regions was inferior to those processes in terms of scale. The peculiarities of the liberalization course were related both to the specifics of the province and the regional characteristics of Donbas itself (russification, strong regional self-identification, mythologizing of the region by the authorities). The sources of expanding the consciousness of the creative intelligentsia of the region were cultural and socio-political impulses coming from the center (Kyiv, Moscow); Western mass media (radio, press); personal contacts with outstanding cultural personalities of the former USSR (tours abroad, primarily in the countries of the so-called socialist camp and visits of groups from different countries), citizens of European countries, prisoners of Stalinist camps (occasional meetings, contacts with the relatives), trips abroad (creative business trips), etc.