Lubelskie Voivodship Research Articles

Food waste in rural households support for local biogas production in Lubelskie Voivodship (Poland)

The paper examines self-reported food waste volume generated by a sample of rural households in Lubelskie Voivodship in Poland accounting for four different categories of food waste. Food waste does occur and some of it is unavoidable leading to the question how to manage it. This study identifies factors responsible for the volume of self-reported food waste by category, but also identifies factors influencing the decision to collect food waste in household for the purpose of local biogas production. Tobit technique is applied to identify factors, demographic and socio-economic characteristics of consumers and their households that influence the percentage of wasted food by type. A separate decision equation identifies supporting or limiting factors influencing the decision to sort food waste for biogas production. Education, gender, age, household size, and employment status have been identified as relevant characteristics determining the volume of wasted food and the decision to support using food waste for biogas generation.

DIFFERENCES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLAR ENERGY INVESTMENTS USING PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS AND SOLAR COLLECTORS IN LUBELSKIE AND MAZOWIECKIE VOIVODSHIPS’ MUNICIPALITIES

The paper emphasizes the differences in the concentration of investments with the use of photovoltaic panels and solar collectors in voivodships with significant potential for using solar energy. The subject of the paper addresses, among others, the significant changes in renewable energy sources (RES) and EU subsidies that affect the economics of solar micro-installations in Poland. The study applied data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, which included completed operations under the rural development program (RDP) for the period 2007-2013. The percentage share of the number of photovoltaic panel installations in Lubelskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships constituted 22% of that type of investments in the country (13% and 9% respectively, with a total capacity of 2,634 kW). However, in the case of the number of solar collector installations, the percentage share in Lubelskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships accounted for 44% of such installations in Poland (29% and 15%, respectively, with a total capacity of 4,239 kW). The results confirm the view that the location is an important determinant of photovoltaic panel and solar collector installations in Poland as shown in the examined voivodships characterized by the favorable solar radiation conditions.

Clusters as a Tool for Raising Tourism Competitiveness of a Region (on the Example of the Land of Loess Gorges in Lubelskie Voivodship)

The aim of the article is to analyze a case study of a successfully developing tourism cluster, named the Land of Loess Gorges, located in the western part of Lubelskie Voivodship and consisting of 11 communes. The content of the present study consists of: (1) a synthetic description and typology of clusters, taking into account the specificity of tourism clusters; (2) an assessment of tourism potential (in the natural and cultural dimension) of the Land of Loess Gorges; (3 ) an analysis and evaluation of tourism products offered by this cluster and their impact on tourism competitiveness of the Lubelskie Voivodship.

Znaczenie nadwyżki operacyjnej w budżecie gmin i miast na prawach powiatu na przykładzie województwa wielkopolskiego i lubelskiego

The importance of the operating surplus in the budget of local government units increased due to the requirement to balance the current budget from 2011, and from 2014 the individual debt index, calculated on the basis of the operating surplus. These solutions resulted in a reformulation of the financial management of these units. The purpose of the article is to examine, on the example of the Wielkopolskie and Lubelskie voivodships, in which local government units the operating surplus is available and for which it is allocated. The implementation of the set objective was used to analyze such indicators as average current income and spending as well as operating result and property spending. The use of the operating surplus by the audited units to incur and repay liabilities was also examined.

Rewitalizacja wsi dla rozwoju turystyki na przykładzie województwa lubelskiego = Rural revitalization for the development of tourism on the example of the Lubelskie Voivodeship

Tourism is one of the most dynamically developing branches of the economy in the world. In Poland, such phenomenon is particularly observed in cities and environmentally attractive areas. Despite its richness and diversity, historical and cultural potential of the Polish rural areas is relatively weakly considered in the development of tourism. Meanwhile, tourism offers a chance for the development of rural areas and to solve their contemporary problems. Development of the tourist function is however conditioned by adjustment of rural areas to the purposes of tourism in the scope of revitalization processes. The Lubelskie Voivodeship is characterized by considerable prevalence of rural areas and occurrence of all typical associated issues, intensified by the region’s peripheral character. Such location, however, can prove to be an asset in tourism development. Cultural values combined with weakly transformed natural environment provide for considerable potential of the area. Conducting revitalization of rural areas towards the development of tourism largely depends on the possibilities of obtaining EU financial support. Since Poland’s accession to the EU, i.e. 2004, beneficiaries from rural areas of the Lubelskie Voivodeship have implemented projects of more than 1.5 billion PLN. In the new financial perspective for the years 2014-2020, rural communes of the Lubelskie Voivodship have submitted 48 applications for co-financing revitalization measures, corresponding to 25% of communes. Thus, revitalization measures in rural areas are still not broadly implemented. This fact is confirmed by the survey performed by the Authors. The study also showed that measures for tourism development are not of priority importance, but rather supplementary to revitalization projects. The planned undertakings usually have the nature of single investment projects, particularly related to tourist and recreation infrastructure. The contribution of original, interesting projects aimed at creating tourist offer based on local tradition and culture is marginal. A negative phenomenon is also lack of strategic and complex measures aimed at tourism development. These would enhance stipulating investment in the tourist base and products, along with educational and support measures for the local community (i.e. residents’ inclusion in tourist entrepreneurship). These findings suggest that next to financial support, the main need of the rural environment in terms of activating revitalization processes in terms of tourism development is extensive education and conceptual support.

Regional Innovation Strategy — from Design to Implementation. Lubelskie Voivodship Case Study

The objective of the article is to present the process of designing and implementing Regional Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialisation (RIS3). The paper is composed of two parts. The first part presents the idea of Smart specialization and its implementation in the current programming period, as well as the legal basis, premises, and assumptions of development of RIS3. In the second part, in the context of endogenic potentials, competitive advantages, and level of competitiveness of the region, the process of development of Regional Innovation Strategy for the Lubelskie Voivodship 2020 is presented in practice from the stage of identification of the areas of regional smart specialization in the entrepreneurial discovery process, through defining goals, priorities, and directions of measures and determination of the implementation assumptions, to the specification of financing sources. In the context of financing, the assumptions of the strategy were confronted with the provisions of the Regional Operational Programme of the Lubelskie Voivodship 2014–2020. This permitted drawing conclusions regarding financing pro-innovation measures on the regional level. In comparison to the assumptions of Regional Innovation Strategy for the Lubelskie Voivodship 2020 a considerable increase of resources in the scope of the Priority Axis 3 aiming at the improvement of competitiveness of SMEs was recorded. The cognitive value of the article is the presentation, in a broader context, of the methodology of development of RIS3 of the Lubelskie Voivodship, and translation of provisions of the strategy into specific measures in the financial sphere.

Urban Marketing of Small Cities

In the politics of the regional and local development much less attention is devoting itself to small cities compared with large urban agglomerations. However a territorial cohesion of regions is seriously dependent on the amount and the level of development of small cities. Justifying the need of marketing assisting of the development of these economic individuals is the purpose of this article. The practice of the planning and the marketing management is poorly popularized especially in regions of Eastern Poland. In this article authors are stressing the need of assisting attraction of small cities towards basic groups, in it of residents, diverse companies, institutions and social organizations as well as visitors. The small cities are in the regions the specific „pumping stations” of the production, services, capital and information from the larger centers to one’s back. On the example of the poorly urbanized Lubelskie Voivodship it is possible to state that the net of cities is too rare. Low urban planning standards are characteristic of small cities. The urban planning marketing can be the direction of the improvement of the social, economic and spatial situation of such regions as the Lubelskie Voivodship. Amongst this tools a main role will be playing the improvement in the standards of the technical and social infrastructure and comprehensive preparing the new investment grounds for the settlement and the market business activity. The improvement in the corporate culture of local governments in cooperation with all sorts partners on the local and regional level will also be needed.

EVALUATION OF REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION IN SOWN AREA STRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPACT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

In recent years many important changes have taken place in Polish agriculture. The aim of the paper was to determine the diversity of the structure of sown area in the voivodships and its potential impact on the natural environment. Crop diversity was assessed by using the Shannon-Wiener (H) index. With the Pielou (J) index was also analyzed crop uniformity of the area under each species in sown area. The analysis shows that the least varied sowing area structure is characterized by Opolskie, Dolnośląskie and Podlaskie voivodships. On the other hand, the highest values of the assessed indicators were noted in the Świętokrzyskie, Lubuskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Lubelskie voivodships. The cluster analysis allowed for the separation of three homogenous groups of voivodships. In the cluster I was the Opolskie, Dolnośląskie and Opolskie voivodships, which are characterized by the least environmentally-friendly structure of sown area. In cluster II was the largest number of voivodships characterized by indirect values of the assessed indicators. In the cluster III were Lubelskie, Świetokrzyskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Wielkopolskie and Lubuskie voivodships, which had the highest values of evaluated parameters.

LOCAL ACTION GROUPS FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION IN LUBLIN REGION

The aim of the study was to characterize the functioning of the Local Action Groups (LAGs) in the 2014–2020 perspective and to assess the scale and extent of LAGs impact through the social inclusion policy for rural and urban-rural communities in Lublin voivodship. The aim was achieved through the analysis of literature as well as documents regulating the functioning of all 22 LAGs in Lubelskie Voivodship. The desk research method was also used. In the analysis of the research material elements of descriptive statistics and the significance test of differences were used. It has been demonstrated that counteracting social exclusion in various dimensions and areas was outlined in the statutory purposes and development strategies of all LAGs. Among the LAGs investigated there are entities that actively implement the policy of inclusion. However, the activity of LAGs surveyed in the activities undertaken under the National Program for the Development of Social Economy is low.

Patients’ expectations of general practitioners

Abstract Introduction. General practitioner (GP) plays an important role in the health care system as he is the first person that a patient turns to with his health related problem. The crucial role of the primary health care system is to control risk factors contributing to civilization diseases such as cancer, diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. Aim. The aim of the research was the assessment of the selected aspects of patients’ satisfaction with a GP’s care. Conducted study provided answers to questions about the level of patient’s satisfaction, his expectations and needs in the field of doctor’s care within the primary health care system. Material and methods. Diagnostic poll was used as a method to study public opinion. The poll was based on the research technique in the form of the original questionnaire consisting of 23 closed-ended questions. Study group consisted of 99 primary health care patients from lubelskie voivodship. Results. The majority of the studied group assessed the quality of general practitioners’ services both in cities and rural areas as high. Respondents declared their satisfaction with the availability of diagnostic tests (73%), quality of information about health condition and treatment provided by the doctor (80%), information about how the medicine should be taken and about further treatment (65%) and respect for privacy and dignity (82%). Minority of the researched group was dissatisfied with the quality of general practitioner’s services mainly because of the limited access to diagnostic tests (27%), low quality of information provided by the doctor about method of taking medicine (35%), short time of the doctor’s visit (38%), suggested method of treatment (36%), disrespect for privacy and dignity of a patient (18%) and limited access to medical documentation (24%). Conclusions. There is a need to implement actions that will increase patients’ satisfaction with the medical services provided by general practitioners, especially in the following fields: length of the doctor’s visit, quality of information provided by the doctor, improvement in the patient – doctor relation, full access to medical documentation and promotion of health by doctors.

Tourist potential of Polish voivodships

The aim of the article is to compare tourist attractiveness of Polish voivodships. Data published by the Central Statistical Office for 2014 was used in the research. The Hellwig’s method of taxonomic measure of development and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution) were applied to assess tourist potential. The results were compared with the corresponding values of the Schneider’s tourist traffic density and intensity rate. The analysis shows that the highest tourist potential was recorded for Małopolskie and Silesian, while the lowest for: Podlaskie and Lubelskie Voivodships. An efficient use of tourist potential was demonstrated by i.a. Małopolskie, Silesian, Lower Silesian, Pomeranian and West Pomeranian Voivodships.

Charakterystyka potencjału gospodarczego oraz przestrzennych zróżnicowań rozwojowych gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego

W opracowaniu przedstawiono charakterystykę potencjału gospodarczego jednostek terytorialnych na poziomie LAU-2. Analizą objęto 170 gmin wiejskich województwa lubelskiego. Oparty na ośmiu zmiennych miernik taksonomiczny Hellwiga umożliwił pogrupowanie gmin według poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego. Wyodrębniono 29 gmin jako relatywnie wysoko rozwiniętych oraz 22 gminy o niskim poziomie rozwoju. Jednostki o wysokim poziomie rozwoju były rozmieszczone przede wszystkim w powiatach: bialskim, lubelskim, łukowskim i łęczyńskim. Najsłabsze gminy natomiast koncentrowały się w powiatach: janowskim, zamojskim oraz lubelskim. Można zauważyć, że położenie geograficzne gmin wiejskich w powiecie lubelskim ma istotny wpływ na ich zróżnicowanie rozwojowe. Wysoki poziom rozwoju reprezentowały gminy okalające stolicę województwa – Lublin, natomiast gminy położone peryferyjnie – zostały zakwalifikowane do grupy najsłabszych.

The Patchwork of Land as a Problem Restricting the Development of Rural Areas

The patchwork of land is one of the main factors negatively affecting agricultural production. Lands located in the external patchwork can be fully used for agricultural production, but the production costs are higher, and the income from the farm is smaller. The spatial layout of individual land in villages has undergone continuous changes over the centuries, which has led to their defectiveness through the occurrence of fragmentation and scattering of plots, the lack of access or large distances from the farm house. The article presents a detailed study of the spatial layout of the individual land in 29 villages of the commune of Cyców, located in Łęczyński County, Lubelskie Voivodship. The subject of the research was the fragmentation of plots of individual owners, land layout, and scattering of cadastral plots. In this work the index of the external border shape for the analyzed village was also calculated. Regarding the fact that the shape of the village is one of the most difficult properties to measure in the research, the index of shape for each village was calculated by the use of the coefficient of the expansion of borders assuming a square as a model figure. Circumference of the actual village and its area were used for calculations. The sizes of land of local and external non-resident owners of the commune of Cyców were also presented in terms of area and number of plots and the number of owners.

Economic and Ecological Efficiency of Solar Systems. A Case Study at the Gorzków and Rudnik Communes

The objective of the study was to assess the economic and ecological efficiency of solar systems used to prepare domestic hot water. The study was carried out at 501 sites in the communes of Gorzków and Rudnik (Krasnystaw County, Lubelskie Voivodship), mainly households, in the years 2014–2015. The results indicate that solar collectors used to prepare domestic hot water and financed by the investors’ own resources can be economically efficient, but the payback period for the investment depends on the type and quantity of energy carrier saved. The most beneficial effects were obtained at sites where water was heated using equipment powered by electricity and natural gas. In the case of coal savings, the payback period was longer than the lifespan of the solar installations. The use of solar collectors to heat domestic hot water (DHW) in the Gorzków and Rudnik communes led to a reduction in emissions of CO2, the primary greenhouse gas, as well as other substances. The study shows that the most beneficial cost-effectiveness of CO2 emission reduction was obtained by reducing the use of electricity, while the highest cost-effectiveness indicator was noted for gas installations.

Efforts by Hotel Owners Aimed at Maintaining Ecological Balance in Lubelskie Voivodship

The aim of the study was to identify the activities of the tourism sector which in the opinion of residents protect the natural environment of Lubelskie Voivodship. Efforts were also made to determine which activities have the greatest impact on the selection of accommodation by respondents and whether hotels fulfill the concept of sustainable social development. The size of the selected sample was 1157 respondents. The method of diagnostic survey was applied, and a direct survey was the technique, both conducted on the basis of an original questionnaire. Statistical calculations were performed using discriminant analysis and the level of education was the criterion for grouping. It has been shown that the following factors were the most important when choosing accommodation: cost-effective energy policy, including good insulation of the hotel building where respondents would stay, and a proper water management policy by the hotel company. Environmental protection was mentioned with activities that have the greatest impact on the natural environment. It has been found that it is necessary to use experiences of other countries in pursuing appropriate policies for sustainable development of a society, to monitor these policies, and to use devices which would limit the destruction of valuable and expensive resources. Both residents and organizations acting over a given area should be involved in the protection of natural resources.

Verifying the Performance of Multiple Linear Regression in Predicting the Indicator of Mass Accumulation of Waste. The Case of Lubelskie Voivodship

In this study, the effectiveness of classical regression models to forecast the indicator of mass accumulation of waste was investigated. The economic and infrastructural variables were used as explanatory variables. The conducted studies show that applying regression models can produce forecasting models generating errors at an acceptable level although only for the municipalities of urban and urban-rural administrative type. For the models where the following were selected as explanatory variables: income indicator, mean number of persons living in a residential building, proportion of arable land in the structure of land use, percentage of buildings in the municipality covered by the waste collection scheme, and the functional type of municipality, the error in the forecast obtained for the test set amounted to 12%–14%. Using the same set of explanatory variables for the rural municipalities caused the models to display forecasting errors for the test set ranging from 35% to 50%. Also, applying another combination of input variables gathered in the course of the studies did not result in developing models of better quality. Therefore, further studies are necessary in the search for more effective methods or other variables describing the mass waste accumulation indicator in rural municipalities.

Inflation, CPI, and Real Price Changes in Poland (specifically in Lubelskie Voivodship) in the Years 2002–2014

Inflation rate, Consumer Price Index, real price changes and the cost of living change perceived by people are sometimes reported to be significantly different. In this paper the analysis of these measures and goods and services price changes in Poland, in Lubelskie Voivodship in particular — in the years 2002–2014 — is conducted. The study is based on data published by Central Statistical Office of Poland and Narodowy Bank Polski . The results show a gap between officially published CPI and the inflation rate perceived by inhabitants who see inflation mainly from the angle of the prices of essential goods which they purchase every day.

Assessment of the Ecological and Energy Awareness of the Citizens in Rural Communes

This study was performed due to a concept of building a biogas network connecting two agricultural biogas plants. It was concerned with the ecological and energy awareness amongst the citizens of two communes located in the Lubelskie Voivodship. Moreover, their interest in being connected to the local biogas network has been studied. The interviewees declared that they are familiar with different sources of energy. Solar energy was the most well-known. It has been noted that the level of information about how agricultural biogas plants operate is low, which is known both from verbal expressions and the responses to questions concerning inhabitants’ interest in becoming connected to the network. The citizens are afraid of burdens resulting from producing biogas, mostly the unpleasant smells. It has been noticed that most of the decisions upon which the environmental attitude may be assessed stem from the economic reasons. The need to raise the level of knowledge about producing biogas and using it as energy is very high.

The Influence of Occupational Activity on Leisure Time of the Disabled People Who Live in the Rural Areas of the Lubelskie Voivodship

In most societies disabled people constitute a group with the lowest level of activity of occupational activity as well as organization of leisure time. These two dimensions in a very essential way influence each other depending on socio-demographic characteristics. In the case of disabled people vocational activity fulfils not only an economic function but also holds essential functions of rehabilitation and integration. Making proper use of free time has even greater influence on progress in rehabilitation, especially in the social sphere. This study aimed at examining the participation in leisure activities among disabled people in Lubelskie Voivodship in the context of occupational activity.

Directions of Development of Tourism in the Polish-Ukrainian Cross-Border Area in the New European Union Programming Period (2014–2020) in the Context of Regional Planning Documents

The objective of the article is to present the state and directions of the development of tourism in the Polish-Ukrainian cross-border area covering the Lubelskie and Podkarpackie voivodships and the Lviv and Volyn Oblasts in the context of regional strategic documents prepared in the scope of the new EU perspective for the years 2014–2020. In spite of the lack of a uniform strategic document for the purposes of development of the entire cross-border area in the years 2014–2020, the area is considered in development strategies of Polish voivodships and in related documents. In the case of the Lubelskie Voivodship, it is the cross-border cooperation strategy, and in the case of the Podkarpackie Voivodship — subregional strategic programmes. All of these documents consider tourism, including the specification of the objectives, priorities, and directions of activities, and even proposed projects. The content of these documents can provide a good basis for the development of modern tourism products at the local, regional, and cross-border level, with a potential to stimulate tourist traffic in the cross-border area. Possible support from the EU resources in the new financial perspective 2014–2020 is important for these types of activities.