Commitment Intention Research Articles

스마트 관광: 여행목적지의 기술 수준이 여행자의 만족도, 지역 이미지 그리고 충성도에 미치는 영향

This study explores smart tourism technology (STT) attributes and investigates the correlations between identified technological attributes to satisfaction, overall destination image, and visitors" loyalty intentions (revisit and recommendation). A proposed conceptual model was developed to achieve this objective. An empirical analysis from a Chinese smart traveler perspective showed that these identified five dimensions (smart environment, information, mobile transactions, entertainment, and sharing) belong to the high-order construct of STT attributes. The STT attributes positively influence travelers perceived satisfaction and overall destination image, thereby stimulating the formation of their loyalty intentions towards the destination.

A European student perspective of international internship value

ABSTRACT Despite the European Union’s current interest in promoting global skill development for hospitality and tourism professionals, international internships for European students remains an under-investigated topic. This study applied the concept of “value” from marketing literature to understand hospitality and tourism students’ satisfaction and loyalty intention of international internship programs at two European universities. Value was conceptualized as a trade-off between what students “give” and “get” from their programs. Perceived value was proposed to positively affect students’ satisfaction and loyalty intention. The proposed model was estimated using Partial Least Square (PLS) path modeling. The findings suggested that European students’ value perception was crucial in forming satisfaction and loyalty intentions. Although students’ value perception was significantly affected by both their “get” and “give” assessments, benefits exerted more weight on overall value evaluation than sacrifices. The study results provided meaningful practical and theoretical implications for hospitality internship research.

“More CSR versus more benefits”: how members' motives influence loyalty toward cooperatives

PurposeCo-operative managers must invest appropriately to strengthen member relationships, such as by initiating corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions or providing members with more relational benefits. This paper aims to investigate how members’ motives (collectivistic vs individualistic) might influence the effectiveness of these investments in terms of enhancing members’ trust and loyalty intentions.Design/methodology/approachThis research combines an exploratory approach, based on six focus groups, with a confirmatory approach based on a field study and two scenario-based experiments.FindingsMembers tend to regard the two motives in contest and infer a “more CSR versus more benefits” arbitration effort by co-operatives, such that they appear to prioritize one motive over the other. Members with individualistic motives principally support co-operatives’ arbitration toward relational benefits, so the positive effects of CSR initiatives on their trust and loyalty intentions are weaker (Study 1). Both CSR and relational benefits can be more or less efficient, depending on members’ motives (Study 2).Research limitations/implicationsReflecting their contrasting motives, members infer arbitration by co-operative managers, reflected in their “more CSR versus more benefits” belief. This insight and the related implications for trust and loyalty intentions have not been addressed in prior research.Practical implicationsManagers can avoid the negative consequences of “more CSR versus more benefits” inferences by ensuring a good fit between their investments and their members’ prevailing motives. If members have more collectivistic (cf. individualistic) motives, CSR initiatives (cf. relational benefits) enhance their trust and loyalty intentions more effectively.Originality/valueThis research builds on previous work on members’ relationships within co-operatives and on members’ motives. Results find that the effectiveness of co-operatives’ investments to strengthen members’ loyalty intentions depends on members’ prior motives.

Mobile app vs. desktop browser platforms: the relationships among customer engagement, experience, relationship quality and loyalty intention

ABSTRACT The growing use of mobile technologies is spawning firms’ adoption of mobile relationship-building techniques, including via mobile apps. However, despite the rapid rise of these technologies, little remains known regarding consumers’ mobile app- (vs. desktop browser) related behaviours, and this is therefore investigated in this paper. Specifically, we explore the effect of customer engagement (CE) and customer experience (CX) on customers’ relationship quality/loyalty intention across mobile app- (vs. desktop browser)-based interactions. Using structural equation modelling, we analyse data collected from 420 customers. The results reveal a stronger positive association between CE/CX and relationship quality/loyalty intention for mobile app- (vs. desktop browser)-based interactions, revealing the former’s strategic importance. We conclude by discussing key implications that arise from our analyses.

The Relationship between Involvement, Fan Attraction, Fan identification and Fan Loyalty in Chinese Super Football League

PURPOSE This study investigated the relationship between fan involvement, fan attraction, fan identity and fan loyalty in Chinese Super Football League (CSL). METHOD Based on the background of Watching Chinese Super League matches in China, 319 fans of six football teams were surveyed online. RESULT The degree of first fan involvement has a significant positive effect on fan attraction and fan identification. Secondly, fan attraction and fan identification have significant influence on loyalty intention. Thirdly, the degree of fan involvement has no significant effect on loyalty, while fan attraction and fan identity play a significant mediating role between them. CONCLUSION In order to strengthen the influence of CSL, various policies should be formulated to strengthen the fan identity and fan attraction which affect the loyalty. In addition, policies to strengthen incentives and address constraints should be implemented.

A patient-reported experience measure for community pharmacy including development of a short-form: The perceived service quality scale.

The perceived service quality scale (pSQS) is a patient-reported experience measure (PREM) previously developed for measuring perceived service quality (pSQ) in community pharmacies. While measuring pSQ is feasible, further psychometric evaluation of the pSQS is warranted. In addition, the length of the 20-item pSQS may lead to fatigue among patients. It remains to be determined whether a short form of the pSQS has acceptable psychometric properties. The aim of this study was to psychometrically test the pSQS with a specific focus on making scoring recommendations and developing a short form pSQS with acceptable psychometric properties. Participants were recruited either in community pharmacies or via an online panel to complete a questionnaire including the pSQS. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted using robust statistics, including tests of factorial invariance. Alternative models were tested including a bifactor model. Spearman's correlation was used to conduct test-retest analyses on responses obtained one month apart. Data were analysed from 319 participants recruited in-store and 303 participants recruited online, 86 participants providing test-retest reliability. Tests of factorial invariance indicated that the pSQS is stable across settings. The most parsimonious and best-fitting solution was obtained with a 19-item bifactor model with 5 factors plus a "general" factor. Factor scores obtained from the "general" factor explained sufficient variance and are unlikely to be excessively biased in regression models. A short-form 6-item scale (pSQ-SF6) demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and similar predictive capacity to the original pSQS for patient loyalty intentions. Test-retest analyses indicated acceptable reliability for pSQS and PSQ-SF6. This study confirms that the pSQS has acceptable psychometric properties including temporal stability. It is recommended that a 19-item pSQS be used to obtain a comprehensive overview of patients' pSQ. The short-form pSQ-SF6 is suitable as a community pharmacy PREM.

Supporting diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging to strengthen and position the veterinary profession for service, sustainability, excellence, and impact.

Advancing equality and equity in society is creating positive change, and the time has come to critically evaluate veterinary medicine, which, by all metrics, lacks diversity. To keep pace with increasingly diverse demographics and recent surges in pet ownership among all racial/ethnic groups, significant efforts to enhance diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) must occur in veterinary colleges and the profession. Recruiting more underrepresented students, building pipelines for diverse faculty/staff, and creating inclusive, welcoming environments where all can thrive are critical steps toward enhancing DEIB within our organizations and profession. Our goal is to share experiences and lessons learned from our intentional commitment to strengthen DEIB, with the hope that our journey will be helpful to others. Increasing diversity in the veterinary profession will be facilitated through removing barriers, creating inclusive work environments where all people feel they belong, and ensuring fair and equitable hiring and personnel management practices. These steps should in turn improve access and quality of veterinary care, ensure we are more representative of the communities we serve, increase revenue, and preserve the human-animal bond. "You cannot change any society unless you take responsibility for it, unless you see yourself belonging to it, and responsible for changing it." - Grace Lee Boggs.

Antecedents and Consequence of Service Quality of Online Transportation

The purpose of this study is to test speed of service, ease of use, reliability, enjoyment, privacy/safetyy, billing system, and control of the self-service online transportation as of antecedents of service quality, and customer loyalty intentions as of its consequence at once. A quantitative research design, using multiple regression statistical techniques, facilitated the data analysis. The sample consisted of 176 sophomore students’ class 2020 from a private university in Jakarta, Indonesia who has basic knowledge of transportation and logistics. Data were received through survey by using online questionnaire. The results indicated all antecedent variables have positive and significant relationship with service quality. The best technological service predictor of service quality is billing system with 41% adjusted R² and the smallest predictor is ease of use with 4% adjusted R². Service quality variance can be explained 52% by all antecedent variables simultaneously, whereas loyalty intentions variance is explained 22% by service quality. Keywords: Antecedents; Consequence; Service Quality; Loyalty Intentions; Online Transportation DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/14-14-10 Publication date: July 31 st 2022

Environmental Sustainability Initiatives in Professional Sports Clubs: The Relationship Between Consumer Perception and Conative Loyalty

In recent years, social demands and academic interest in the environmental and social contribution activities of professional sports clubs have increased. This is due to the spread of the idea that building good relationships with various stakeholders is essential for clubs to enhance their corporate value. However, it is not easy for professional sports clubs to continuously implement sustainable environmental initiatives (ESI) due to the financial burden. It is unclear to what extent consumers are aware of the ESI implemented by professional sports clubs and how much they are willing to spend afterwards, and there are no studies on ESI by professional sports clubs in Japan. Furthermore, it is significant and extremely important to clarify the results of ESI conducted by professional sports clubs on their teams from a marketing perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions toward professional sports clubs that conduct ESI. To achieve the objective, stakeholder theory and social identity theory are applied as a theoretical background to examine the impact of perceived ESI on intention to support a club and intention to attend a game. Data were obtained from a sample that included potential as well as existing consumers, and it was found that the perception of ESI influenced the intention to support a club and the intention to attend a game. The results of the multiple-group structural equation modeling revealed that the perception of ESI influenced the intention to support a club and the intention to attend a game, even among consumers who had no experience of attending a game. In the future, it will be necessary to elucidate the mechanism and causal relationship by which the perception of ESI enhances intentional loyalty, through what kind of psychological process.

The Use of Technology Acceptance Model to Explain Brand Attitude and Loyalty Intention in E-Commerce: The Gamification Case

Manuscript type: Research Article Research Aims: This paper analyzes the role of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived enjoyment, perceived social influence, consumer intention to engage, and brand loyalty in the context of gamification in e-commerce. Design/methodology/approach: Online survey was conducted to collect data, and Partial Least Square (PLS) was used to analyze the effects among variables. Research Findings: The study found that perceived usefulness, perceived social influence, and perceived enjoyment had a positive effect on brand attitude, while perceived ease of use had an insignificant effect on brand attitude. The brand attitude was found to have a significant effect on loyalty intention. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This research elaborated on the role of TAM in using the gamification method for intention to engage, brand attitude, and its effect on loyalty intention. Practitioner/Policy Implication: The company that applies gamification should develop a fun and interesting game to create engagement. Emotional bonding and a positive consumer feeling must be maintained to build consumer loyalty. Research limitation/Implications: The external factor such as subjective norm, design, image, job relevance, technology efficacy influence, the level of perceived usefulness, and ease of use. Keywords: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived enjoyment, perceived social influence, brand loyalty, gamification, e-commerce.

사찰음식 관여도와 인지적 가치가 충성도와 추천의도에 미치는 영향

This study conducted an empirical analysis of temple food consumers residing in Daegu and Gyeongbuk to find out the effect of temple food involvement on cognitive value, loyalty, and recommendation intention, and the relationship between cognitive value, loyalty, and recommendation intention. The survey was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2022, and a total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 244 copies were used for the analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the degree of involvement in temple food had an effect on cognitive value, loyalty, and recommendation intention, followed by loyalty, recommendation intention, and cognitive value. Cognitive value was also found to have an effect on loyalty, followed by thousands of intentions. In particular, it is necessary to expand the policy interest and research focused on the market situation of the temple restaurants in the direction to reflect them in the actual performance creation and management of the temple restaurants.

호텔조리종사원의 내부마케팅과 직무만족, 조직 몰입, 이직의도 간의 관계 연구

In this study, an empirical analysis was carried out for hotel cooks in Seoul Metropolitan City to find out the effect of internal marketing on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. The survey was conducted from January 1 to January 30, 2022, and a total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 258 copies were used for the analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the internal marketing of hotel cooks had a significant positive (+) effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. It is said that it needs to be expanded in a direction to reflect actual performance creation and management of employees. Therefore, in order to lower the turnover intention of hotel cooks, research on the determinants of employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment is urgently required.

The Impact of Customer Incivility on Service Commitment and Turnover Intention

The Impact of Customer Incivility on Service Commitment and Turnover Intention

How Smart Should a Service Robot Be?

Service robots are taking over the frontline. They can possess three types of artificial intelligence (AI): mechanical, thinking, and feeling AI. Although these intelligences determine how service robots can help customers, not much is known about how customers respond to robots of different intelligence. This paper addresses this gap, builds on the appraisal theory of emotions, and employs three online experiments and one field study to demonstrate that customers have different emotional responses to the three types of AI. Particularly, the influence of AI on positive emotions becomes stronger as the AI type becomes more sophisticated. That is, feeling AI relates more strongly to positive emotions than mechanical AI. Also, feeling AI and thinking AI increase spending and loyalty intention through customers’ positive emotions. We also identify important contingency effects of service tiers: mechanical AI is more suitable for low-cost firms, whereas feeling AI mainly benefits full-service providers. Remarkably, none of the three intelligences are directly related to negative emotions; perceived robot autonomy is an important mediator in these relationships. The findings yield concrete managerial guidance as to how smart a service robot should be by pinpointing the right type of AI given the market segment of the service provider.

The Influence of Corporate Boundary Personnel Guanxi and Organizational Loyalty on Opportunistic Intentions - Based on Theory of Reasoned Action Model.

To understand the mechanism of boundary personnel opportunistic behaviors in collaborative R&D projects to reduce the risk of companies suffering from opportunism in collaboration. This study is conducted based on the context of collaborative R&D in the equipment manufacturing industry in Northeast China. This research mainly explored the mechanism of boundary personnel opportunistic intentions. Drawing on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), this study investigated the relationship between boundary personnel Guanxi, organizational loyalty, opportunistic attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions. In addition, this research examined the moderating role of the degree of dependence on the collaborator. In total, 524 valid questionnaires were finally collected. The data analysis results suggested that Guanxi inhibits opportunistic attitudes and subjective norms. Organizational loyalty promotes opportunistic attitudes and subjective norms. Opportunistic attitudes and subjective norms positively predict intentions. Opportunistic attitudes mediate between organizational loyalty and opportunistic intentions. Opportunistic subjective norms mediate between Guanxi and opportunistic intentions. Opportunistic subjective norms also mediate between organizational loyalty and opportunistic intentions. Dependence on the collaborator positively moderates the relationship between opportunistic attitudes and intentions. Therefore, it can be argued that in collaborative R&D in the equipment manufacturing industry, the corporate could stimulate boundary personnel to build good Guanxi to eliminate opportunism. At the same time, companies should lead employees to show loyalty properly, which opportunism is not wise in collaborative R&D. Finally, enterprises should objectively understand and evaluate the dependence relationship between the two partners in collaborative R&D to adopt the right strategy.

Securing delight and loyalty in a market with low switching costs

PurposeThis study aims to explore the loyalty intent of prepaid (contract-free) customers in a market where disloyalty is prevalent and the market has low switching costs.Design/methodology/approachA quota, non-probability sampling technique was applied, resulting in the completion of 220 self-administered questionnaires that were used for data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis and a structural equation model were applied to determine model fit and test the formulated hypotheses for this study.FindingsThe strength of the satisfaction–loyalty relationship is found to be influenced by three specific satisfaction antecedents, strengthened by the mediating role of customer delight and impacted by switching costs.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study may guide mobile service providers in their initiatives to secure satisfaction and loyalty in a market context where switching costs are low and the market is described as disloyal.Originality/valueThis study investigates the well-researched relationship between satisfaction and loyalty and the antecedents of customer satisfaction to determine which of these variables should be the focus in a challenging market where consumers are disloyal and switching costs are low.

The relationship between organisational support for career development, organisational commitment, and turnover intentions among healthcare workers in township hospitals of Henan, China

BackgroundTownship hospitals in China face the challenge of shortage and turnover of healthcare workers. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between organisational support for career development (OSCD), organisational commitment, and turnover intentions among healthcare workers in township hospitals.MethodsThe data in this study were obtained from the Health Service Capacity Survey of Primary Health Institutions (2020), one of the special surveys of rural health poverty alleviation in Henan, China. The sample comprised 298 healthcare workers. Three standardised instruments were used: the turnover intention scale, OSCD scale, and organisational commitment scale. Descriptive statistics, One-way Analysis of Variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and the simple mediation model were used for data analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the mean score of the healthcare workers’ turnover intentions was 2.21 ± 0.77, which was low. The healthcare workers’ turnover intentions had significant differences in gender, age, marital status, education, professional title, and organisational tenure. OSCD had no significant direct relationship with turnover intentions, while having a significant positive direct relationship with organisational commitment. Organisational commitment had a significant negative direct relationship with turnover intentions, and played a fully mediating role in the relationship between OSCD and turnover intentions.ConclusionsOSCD had an indirect negative effect on healthcare workers’ turnover intentions in township hospitals through the full mediation of organisational commitment. The findings of this study suggest the importance of policymakers and organisation managers to improve OSCD practice and pay attention to ‘humanistic management’. In addition, the formulation and implementation of talent retention policies should consider socio-demographic differences.

What constitutes a favorable destination brand portfolio? Through the lens of coherence

Managing different brands for a single tourism destination imposes challenges for destination marketers, particularly when incoherence arises therefrom. This research adopted a mixed-method approach to analyze what constitutes a favorable destination brand portfolio. Study 1 conducted a tourist survey in Macao where gaming and cultural heritage brand identities collide. It investigated the effects of destination brand portfolio coherence on tourists’ attitude toward this portfolio and their loyalty intentions. In addition, the moderating effects of self–brand congruity were examined. To complement the results, Study 2 conducted text mining by analyzing tourist reviews from a tourism social networking website. The findings suggested that while status coherence evokes positive attitudes and loyalty intentions, personality coherence does not have a significant impact. Self-congruity significantly moderates only the relationship between status coherence and attitude. Managerial implications are provided for destination marketers to effectively employ tourism diversification strategies and maintain overall destination brand portfolio coherence.

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention in Fast-Food Restaurants in Egypt

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention in Fast-Food Restaurants in Egypt

Analysis of the Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Family Environment, and Entrepreneurship Commitment on Entrepreneurship Intention

This study aims to Analysis of the effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Family Environment, and Entrepreneurship Commitment on Entrepreneurial Intentions in the context of student at Jambi-Indonesia University. This study adopted inferential research design. This is a cross-sectional study because data is collected at one time point. This empirical study was conducted on a sample of Accounting Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Jambi Indonesia who were willing to collaborate to participate voluntarily by filling in the on-line questionnaire. These student participants were chosen because they have been heavily involved in entrepreneurial activities. In this study, 369 students were willing and returned a complete questionnaire. Entrepreneurship Education has a positive and significant influence on Entrepreneurship Commitment and Entrepreneurial Intentions, Family Environment has a positive and significant influence on Entrepreneurship Commitment and Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Commitment have a positive and significant effect on Entrepreneurial Intentions.This research is focused on analyzing the influence of Entrepreneurship Education and Family Environment to predict Entrepreneurial Intentions, but does not pay attention to entrepreneurial behavior, especially how they start a new business. Thus, further research is expected to explain the subject of entrepreneurial behavior.The results of this study provide a conceptual framework for evaluating comprehensively for Entrepreneurship Education providers especially in establishing learning outcomes, study materials, learning methods, learning environments, and forming networks with corporate communities in providing authentic experiences to students.This study attempts to use a combination of two factors, namely external and internal factors to explain entrepreneurial intention.