Lower Side Research Articles

Research on the container configuration for revolution-assisted horizontal vibration finishing of aero-engine blades

Vibration finishing has been widely used to improve aero-engine blades' surface quality and service performance. However, there are still problems after processing, such as uneven surfaces and large removal materials of the inlet and exhaust edge. The application of vibratory finishing is greatly limited. In order to realize the uniform processing of blades, a process scheme of revolution-assisted horizontal vibratory finishing was proposed. A reverse method of container configuration is proposed to change the force distribution at each blade position and realize the blade's machining uniformity. The results show that normal force is the main factor affecting the processing effect. When the blade is fixed in the container, the processing effect of the downward surface of the blade is related to the distance from the container bottom. The discrete signal of the normal force is transformed into a vector, and the difference coefficient CD is proposed. Based on the inverse method, it was found that increasing the distance between the blade's lower side and the container bottom and reducing the distance between the blade's upper side and the container bottom will reduce the normal force difference at different revolution stages. After the blade was processed with the reverse container, the surface roughness decreased from 0.85 ± 0.05 μm to 0.22 ± 0.02 μm, and the standard deviation of Ra decreases to 0.046. The average residual stress and its standard deviation are reduced to −332.51 MPa and 5.573. The research provides methods and ideas for designing container configuration and the uniformity of complex curved surface parts in mass finishing.

Mesoporous Silica-Based Membranes in Transdermal Drug Delivery: The Role of Drug Loss in the Skin.

Compared to other forms of drug administration, the use of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs) offers significant advantages, including uniform drug release profiles that contribute to lower side effects and higher tolerability, avoidance of direct exposure to the gastrointestinal tract, better patient compliance due to their non-invasive means of application and others. Mesoporous silica membranes are of particular interest in this regard, due to their chemical stability and their tunable porous system, with adjustable pore sizes, pore volumes and surface chemistries. While this allows for fine-tuning and, thus, the development of optimized TDDSs with high loading capacities and the desired release profile of a given drug, its systemic availability also relies on skin penetration. In this paper, using a TDDS based on mesoporous silica membranes in Franz cell experiments on porcine skin, we demonstrate surprisingly substantial drug loss during skin penetration. Drug passage through porcine skin was found to be dependent on the age and pre-treatment of the skin. pH and temperature were major determinants of drug recovery rates as well, indicating drug loss in the skin by enzymatic metabolization. Regarding the TDDS, higher loading obtained by SO3H surface modification of the mesoporous silica membranes reduced drug loss. Still, high loss rates in the skin were determined for different drugs, including anastrozole, xylazine and imiquimod. We conclude that, beyond the fine-tuned drug release profiles from the mesoporous silica membrane TDDS, remarkably high drug loss in the skin is a major issue for achieving desired skin penetration and, thus, the systemic availability of drugs. This also poses critical requirements for defining an optimal TDDS based on mesoporous silica membranes.

Exploring the impact of wire core diameter on microstructure and joint properties in ultrasonic wire harness welding

The present study investigates ultrasonic metal welding to manufacture 10 mm2 copper (Cu) wire joints with different core diameters. The primary purpose of this study is to explore the influence of wire core diameter on the performance of ultrasonic welded joints. Wire core diameter is positively correlated with the peeling resistance of the joint. Superior mechanical properties of the joint are achieved with an increased diameter of the wire core. The peeling strength of the welded joint of two wires with a wire core diameter of 0.25 mm reaches 306.8 N. Examining the welding temperature and assessing the joint's porosity reveals a significant impact of temperature on porosity. However, relying solely on porosity as a criterion for judging the overall forming quality of joints may be insufficient. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray elemental analysis revealed that certain wires underwent plastic deformation at elevated temperatures without attaining atomic bonding. Additionally, the welded joint exhibits a compact structure externally and a more relaxed structure internally. The upper side of the joint in contact with the briquette and the lower side in contact with the welding head exhibit minimal gaps, while numerous gaps are evident in the middle of the joint. Furthermore, upon examining the fracture morphology, two distinct failure modes are identified at the joint surface of the conductor. The first involves the fracture of the wire core with a completely separated joint surface, resulting in poor mechanical properties of the joint. The second mode entails the ductile fracture of the wire core at the joint surface, indicating good mechanical properties of the joint.

Colloidal chitosan-silver nanoparticles-fluoride nanocomposite as an antibacterial mouthwash against salivary Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients (a randomized clinical trial).

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize colloidal chitosan-silver nanoparticles-fluoride nanocomposite (CCAgNPF) and evaluate its efficacy compared to chlorhexidine on salivary Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients. AgNPs stabilized with chitosan were synthesized by chemical reduction of AgNO3. The nanoparticles were characterized with SEM, FTIR, DLS and ICP-OES. The MIC and MBC against S. mutans and IC50 concentration of CCAgNPF were obtained for antibacterial and cytotoxicity evaluations, respectively. For the clinical study, a total of 45 orthodontic patients were divided into three groups of 15 and used the following mouthwashestwice a day for 1 month: CCAgNPF, chlorhexidine 0.2% and the combination of these mouthwashes. The colony count of salivary S. mutans was evaluated before and after using the mouthwashes. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Stabilized AgNPs were spherical with a diameter of 25.3 ± 3.3 nm. The MIC, MBC and IC50 of CCAgNPF were 4.42, 8.85 and 18.89 µg/ml. All mouthwashes reduced the salivary S. mutans of the orthodontic patients, however, no significant difference was found between the efficacy of CCAgNPF and chlorhexidine (P-value > 0.05). The best results were achieved by the combination of CCAgNPF and chlorhexidine mouthwashes (P-value < 0.05). The CCAgNPF and its combination with chlorhexidine present potent bactericidal, biocompatible and effective anti-carious mouthwashes for orthodontic patients. This study proved CCAgNPF as an antibacterial mouthwash with lower cytotoxicity and side effects for patients undergoing orthodontic treatments to maintain oral hygiene and reduce salivary S. mutans.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF NON-SPECIFIC MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS – CASE STUDY

Mesenteric lymphadenitis is one of the common causes of abdominal pain in children. Features of mesenteric lymphadenitis include abdominal pain, often centred on the lower right side and fever with mesenteric lymph node enlargement. It arises due to several factors responsible for inflammatory response within mesenteric lymph nodes, including viral or bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoma, etc.; sometimes the cause is unidentified. The features of Mesenteric lymphadenitis in Ayurveda may be correlated with Granthi (~Cyst), Gulma (~lump), Grahani (~disorder of lower G.I.T), Tuni (~ bladder pain radiating to anus and pe-nis) and Anaha (~tympanites) but resemble more with Vatika and Paittika Gulma (lump due to Vata and Pitta). A known case of non-specific mesenteric lymphadenitis, age 14 years male child, weighing 39.0 kg, presented with pain abdomen with feverish body, few scent-metric sized lymph nodes in right iliac fosse, few peri-portal and peri-pancreatic lymph nodes measuring 17/9 mm and 20/8 mm on HRSG, Interventions given were Chaushathpraharipippali, Ras sindur, Panchammrita Parpati, Sutshekhar ras, Ashwagandha Ghanvati, Jeerkadyarista, and Patoladikasaya showed curative effect due to their Vata-Pitta Pacifying, Vatanulomak, Shrotoshodhaka, Balya and Brimhana effect. No adverse effect was seen. Further studies may be taken up for diseases involving mesenteric lymphadenopathy for the collection of evidence.

SGANnet: Super-resolution guided asymmetric stereo matching network

With asymmetric resolution stereo images as input, existing stereo matching algorithms significantly decline in prediction performance. To address this, we introduce SGANet (Super-resolution Guided Asymmetric Stereo Matching Network), a model that employs unsupervised training methods to overcome the difficulty of acquiring ground truth disparity. For the lower resolution side, this paper designs a stereo guided super-resolution module (SGSR), where the network generates a super-resolved image enriched with details guided by the higher resolution side. Additionally, for this module, we propose a feature consistency loss based on the image's feature space to measure the similarity between the real and super-resolved images. Experimental results on the autonomous driving dataset KITTI demonstrate the effectiveness of the SGSR module and the feature consistency loss in improving the disparity prediction performance of asymmetric resolution stereo images.

Quality of life and survival analyses of breast cancer cases treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of tumor-related mortality after lung cancer. Chemotherapy resistance remains a major challenge to progress in BC treatment, warranting further exploration of feasible and effective alternative therapies. To analyzed the quality of life (QoL) and survival of patients with BC treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (TCM-WM). This study included 226 patients with BC admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between February 2018 and February 2023, including 100 who received conventional Western medicine treatment (control group) and 126 who received TCM-WM treatment (research group). The total effective rate, side effects (alopecia, nausea and vomiting, hepatorenal toxicity, and myelosuppression), QoL assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), 1-year overall survival (OS), recurrence and metastasis rates, and serum inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha] were comparatively analyzed. The research group showed statistically better overall efficacy, EORTC QoL-C30 scores, and 1-year OS than the control group, with markedly lower side effects and 1-year recurrence and metastasis rates. Moreover, the posttreatment levels of serum inflammatory in the research group were significantly lower than the baseline and those in the control group. Overall, TCM-WM demonstrated significantly improved therapeutic efficacy while ensuring drug safety in BC, which not only improved patients' QoL and prolonged survival, but also significantly inhibited the inflammatory response.

Incision rate of the Manas River, northern Tian Shan: Insight from luminescence dating of terrace cobbles

Fluvial deposits in piedmont environments are usually enriched by cobbles, which can be used for luminescence dating, as an alternative to the conventionally employed sand-sized minerals. In this study, a modified multi-elevated-temperature post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (MET-pIRIR) procedure was employed to establish luminescence-depth profiles of upper and lower sides of fluvial cobbles and obtain the burial ages of cobbles from high terrace of the Manas River in northern Chinese Tian Shan. The age-stimulation temperature (A-T) plateau was combined with the conventional age-depth (A-D) plateau in luminescence-depth profile to evaluate the reliability of burial ages of cobble luminescence dating from the aspects of fading and bleaching of signals. When the signal was only bleached to a limited depth given rise to no A-D plateau, the A-T plateau could serve as an internal-check to evaluate the degree of bleaching of the luminescence signal just through a single rock slice. Our results showed that self-evidenced and reliable buried ages of fluvial cobbles could be determined by only using first sub-surface rock slice in the presence of A-T plateau. Thereafter, the deposition age of cobble from top of T6 terrace and bottom of T5 terrace were ∼23.6–24.0 ka and ∼22.7 ka, respectively, inferring a very fast incision rate of ∼20 mm/a. The observed variability in bleaching depth between upper and lower sides across different cobble samples suggested complex transport dynamics.

Slotted meandered waveguide antenna for X-band radar applications

ABSTRACT This work presents a unique one-dimensional (1D) FSA powered by rectangular meander waveguide which finds usage in bird monitoring and detection in wind farms. Large scan volume, high frequency sensitivity, lower side lobe level and excellent directivity are few of the varied advantages of the suggested approach. The suggested travelling-wave FSA operates in the X-band uses a periodically loaded standard WR90 waveguide and is vertically polarised. The propagation properties and fundamental ideas of the meander-line unit are thoroughly studied for frequency-scanning based applications. The scanning performance over frequency range is enhanced by using the proposed meandering feeding mechanism. Dumbbell-shaped radiating slots are utilised in the waveguide. The beam width in the elevation plane is narrowed by embedding an E-plane horn antenna over it. Using CST microwave studio, the proposed FSA with 10 radiating elements is simulated in order to predict the scanning performance over the frequency range of 9.425 to 10.025 GHz. The results demonstrate a gain above 21 dBi and a high 55-degree scanning coverage performance. The lower SLL is observed around 13 dB. Aluminium is used in the fabrication of the suggested approach. When the FSA is evaluated after manufacture, measurements and simulations accord quite well.

Dynamic instability in lift-type reentry capsule at supersonic flow

Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate dynamic instability of a Japanese lift-type reentry capsule, which is named H-II transfer vehicle Recovery Vehicle (HRV), at Mach 1.2 by comparing two capsule shapes of an original HRV model and a model with a different shoulder angle of 10°. The 10° model has a thicker aft-body with a smaller shoulder angle than the original model. A previous pitch-direction One-Degree Of Freedom (1DOF) experiment revealed that the original model was dynamically stable, whereas the 10° model was dynamically unstable at Mach 1.2. So as to reproduce the same trends as the experiment, a high-order numerical scheme and zonal detached eddy simulation were employed. In fixed angle simulations, we found that the static longitudinal stability of the 10° model is higher than that of the original model in contrast with the observed dynamic stability. 1DOF free oscillation simulations successfully reproduced the same trends as the experiment. We elucidated that the main factor of the dynamic instability of the HRV-type capsule is a hysteresis of a boundary layer separation on the upper side of the capsule. The hysteresis is induced by a variation of momentum in a boundary layer due to capsule motion. We also found that for HRV-type capsules, the lower the static stability within the statically stable range, the higher the dynamic stability might be. In addition, on the lower side, a sign of the work exerted by surrounding flow is different between the original model and the 10° model. A dynamic mode decomposition analysis indicated that the vortex structures on the capsule wake might induce this difference.

The Role of Early Diagnosis and Intervention in Improving Outcomes for Lung Cancer

Introduction : For lung cancer patients, early diagnosis and treatments are essential to battering outcomes. The objective of this world is to compare early diagnosis vs late diagnosis in terms of overall survival ,progression _free survival, quality of life and adverse events associated to treatment. Methodology: A Prospective cohort trial of seventy_ eight lung cancer patients was Conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar from December 2021 to March 2024. 39 patients had early diagnosis (n=39) while 39 received late diagnosis(n=39) . Low_ dose Computed Tomography (DCT) screening and prompt symptom presentation lead to early diagnosis; incidental or symptomatic results were the basis for late diagnosis. Overall Survival(OS) , progression_ free survival (PFS), quality of life(QoL) , and frequency of serious adverse events associated to therapy were the outcomes. Results: At a median 'OS of 38 months compared to 14 months in the late diagnosis group (p&lt;0.001) and median PFS of 34 months compared to 10 months(p&lt;0.001), the early diagnosis group showed noticeably superior results. At 12 months, 'the early diagnosis group had a better QoL scores' a mean global health status of 75 compared to 55(p&lt;0.01). Early diagnosis group (18%) had a lower frequency of serious adverse effects than did the late diagnosis group(45%). Conclusion: In patients with lung cancer, early detection and intervention greatly increases survival rates, prolong intervals without progression, improves quality of life, and lower serious side effects associated to therapy. The results emphasized the need of early diagnosis techniques and efficient screening programs in the treatment of lung cancer. Keywords: lung Cancer, early diagnosis, low dose computed tomography, overall survival, progression free survival, quality of life, treatment related adverse events

Comparing the Efficacy of Probiotic Nutraceuticals and Probiotic Food (Curd) in Combination with Antidepressants for Depression

Abstract Background and Aim: Depression is a widespread mental health condition with a significant global impact. Recent research has explored the gut–brain axis, emphasizing the role of microbiota in neurotransmitter production. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of two complementary probiotic interventions: probiotic-rich curd and probiotic capsules, used in combination with the antidepressant escitalopram over 4 weeks. The primary objectives include assessing their impact on reducing the severity of depression, comparing their effectiveness, and discussing the clinical implications of findings. Materials and Methods: We conducted a 4-week prospective observational study at the Department of Psychiatry, MGM Medical College, and the associated Mental Hospital in Indore. Ninety individuals aged 18–60, diagnosed with depression (International Classification of Diseases-10) and assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, participated. Subjects were divided into three groups: escitalopram 10 mg (n = 30), escitalopram 10 mg + 120 mL curd (n = 30), and escitalopram 10 mg + probiotic capsule (n = 30). Assessments were conducted on days 0, 14, and 28 using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results: All treatment groups exhibited a significant reduction in mean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores over the study duration (P &lt; 0.001). Notably, the probiotic group showed a slightly greater reduction in scores between day 0 and day 28 compared to the curd and escitalopram-only groups. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the potential for slightly better outcomes with probiotic interventions alongside the antidepressant escitalopram over 4 weeks. Beyond symptom relief, this approach may offer lower side effects, potentially enhancing patient adherence. Future research should investigate long-term effects and specific probiotic strains in a larger, diverse population.

Oxygen-Dependent Interactions between the Ruthenium Cage and the Photoreleased Inhibitor in NAMPT-Targeted Photoactivated Chemotherapy.

Photoactivated chemotherapy agents form a new branch of physically targeted anticancer agents with potentially lower systemic side effects for patients. On the other hand, limited information exists on the intracellular interactions between the photoreleased metal cage and the photoreleased anticancer inhibitor. In this work, we report a new biological study of the known photoactivated compound Ru-STF31 in the glioblastoma cancer cell line, U87MG. Ru-STF31 targets nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an enzyme overexpressed in U87MG. Ru-STF31 is activated by red light irradiation and releases two photoproducts: the ruthenium cage and the cytotoxic inhibitor STF31. This study shows that Ru-STF31 can significantly decrease intracellular NAD+ levels in both normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) U87MG cells. Strikingly, NAD+ depletion by light activation of Ru-STF31 in hypoxic U87MG cells could not be rescued by the addition of extracellular NAD+. Our data suggest an oxygen-dependent active role of the ruthenium photocage released by light activation.

The Benefits of Murraya koenigii in Dentistry – A Scoping Review

Introduction: Oral diseases are among the most common long-term conditions affecting the population. Medicinal plants are being used as a natural remedy for oral health issues due to their medicinal properties and lower side effects and cost compared to conventional antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. This study aims to review and summarize the potential uses of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (syn. of Bergera koenigii L.) in dentistry and update clinicians about its implications in dental management for maintaining oral health. Materials and Methods: The data was collected by five reviewers from multiple articles, case reports, review papers, and original studies that were published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Results and Conclusion: The extracts of Murraya koenigii is a promising alternative to synthetic therapeutic agents in dentistry. Further research is required to explore its potential use in oral health.

Pharmacological Modulation of the Cytosolic Oscillator Affects Glioblastoma Cell Biology

The circadian system is a conserved time-keeping machinery that regulates a wide range of processes such as sleep/wake, feeding/fasting, and activity/rest cycles to coordinate behavior and physiology. Circadian disruption can be a contributing factor in the development of metabolic diseases, inflammatory disorders, and higher risk of cancer. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive grade 4 brain tumor that is resistant to conventional therapies and has a poor prognosis after diagnosis, with a median survival of only 12–15 months. GBM cells kept in culture were shown to contain a functional circadian oscillator. In seeking more efficient therapies with lower side effects, we evaluated the pharmacological modulation of the circadian clock by targeting the cytosolic kinases glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and casein kinase 1 ε/δ (CK1ε/δ) with specific inhibitors (CHIR99021 and PF670462, respectively), the cryptochrome protein stabilizer (KL001), or circadian disruption after Per2 knockdown expression in GBM-derived cells. CHIR99021-treated cells had a significant effect on cell viability, clock protein expression, migration, and cell cycle distribution. Moreover, cultures exhibited higher levels of reactive oxygen species and alterations in lipid droplet content after GSK-3 inhibition compared to control cells. The combined treatment of CHIR99021 with temozolomide was found to improve the effect on cell viability compared to temozolomide therapy alone. Per2 disruption affected both GBM migration and cell cycle progression. Overall, our results suggest that pharmacological modulation or molecular clock disruption severely affects GBM cell biology.

Non-surgical Synergistic Interventions for the Treatment of Skin Cancer.

Skin cancer is broadly classified into two categories i.e., non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and malignant melanoma (MM), with MM having a greater fatality rate than NMSC. A large number of treatment strategies currently exist for these skin cancer types, ranging from monotherapies to complex multifaceted synergistic interventions including dual therapies, trimodality therapy, and multicomponent combinations therapy. These combinatorial cancer treatments have delivered more favorable results when compared with monotherapies, and although combination treatments increase the cost of treatment, these regimens have lower side effect profiles, decreased resistance, high efficacy and an improved long-term response. Synergistic combination treatments for skin cancer are often complex, wide-ranging and encompass diverse platforms with various mechanisms of action. An understanding of the physiological potential, as well the efficacy of such treatments, is therefore vital to ensure patients receive the best possible treatment. This review therefore focuses on the current advancements and existing non-surgical combinative drug delivery methods utilized for treating skin cancer. It encompasses the diverse pharmaceutical delivery systems, clinical outcomes, and oncology strategies employed and aims to highlight the role of non-surgical combination therapies in enhancing patient compliance, reducing treatment durations, and improving overall survival rates while addressing relapses and metastasis. The promising outlook of the research being conducted in this field has also been provided, as well as the barriers to the effective treatment of this complex condition.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling of the Temperature Distribution in Power Plant's Cooling Canal

Seawater used as a heat exchanger in the coal-fired power plant condenser system has a higher water temperature than the natural temperature of seawater. There was an increase in the temperature of the waters around the coal-fired power plant due to the discharge of boiling water reaching 6.50C. According to the regulations in force in Indonesia, the hot water temperature at the water discharge outlet should not be more than 20C of the natural temperature of seawater. The purpose of this study is to predict the pattern of temperature decrease in the temperature of the boiling water along the cooling line. The method used to predict temperature drop patterns along the cooling line uses a 3-dimensional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modelling approach with the Ansys Fluent 2023 RI application. The K-Epsilon turbulence model was chosen to describe the effect of flow turbulence on temperature changes. The modelling results were validated by comparing the actual measurements of the water temperature field data representing along the cooling line. The results showed that the performance of reducing the temperature of the water increased when passing through the cascade aeration downstream of the channel. The flow of water along the channel tends to be on the lower side, and downstream, the flow is on the left–middle side. The error calculation using MAPE resulted in 9.49%.

Temperature dependent conductivity, dielectric relaxation, electrical modulus and impedance spectroscopy of Ni substituted Na[formula omitted]Zr[formula omitted]Ni[formula omitted]Si[formula omitted]PO[formula omitted]

We investigate the structural, dielectric relaxation, electric modulus and impedance behavior of Ni-doped NASICON ceramic Na3+2xZr2−xNixSi2PO12 (x=0.05–0.2) prepared using the solid-state reaction method. The increase in dielectric constant with temperature and decrease with frequency is explained on the basis of space charge polarization using the two-layer model of Maxwell–Wagner relaxation. The dielectric loss peak at lower temperatures follows the Arrhenius-type behavior with frequency having activation energy of 0.27 ± 0.01 eV of dipolar relaxation, suggests similar type of defects are responsible for all the doped samples. The real (ϵ′) and imaginary (ϵ′′) permittivity variation with frequency shows the broad relaxation behavior indicates the non-Debye type of relaxation in the measured temperature range. The permittivity values decrease with the amount of doping due to the increased number of charge carriers upon Ni doping at the Zr site. The impedance variation with frequency at various temperatures shows two types of relaxation for all the samples correspond to grain and grain boundary contribution in total impedance. The grain contributions are observed at higher frequencies, while grain-boundary contributions occur at the lower side of frequencies. The imaginary part of the electric modulus also shows two types of relaxation peaks for all the samples indicating similar activation energy at low temperatures and variable activation energy at higher temperatures. The fitting of the imaginary modulus using KWW function shows the non-Debye type of relaxation. We find that all modulus curves merge with each other at low temperatures showing a similar type of relaxation, while curves at high temperatures show the dispersed behavior above the peak frequency. The a.c. conductivity data are fitted using the double power law confirming the grain and grain boundary contributions in total conductivity. The double power law exponent variation with temperature shows the small polaron hopping conduction over the measured temperature range for all the doped samples.

Lithium ionic conductivity and structural studies of NASICON structured Li0.4Sr0.3Zr0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3

Stable solid electrolytes have been the subject of intense research due to the growing demand for energy storage and portable energy sources in rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Sodium (NA) super (S) ionic (I) conductor (CON) abbreviated as NASICON are suitable for use as solid electrolytes due to their excellent ionic conductivity and chemical stability. We have reported the effect of partial doping of Sr at Li and Zr4+ at Ti4+ position on the structure and ionic conductivity of composition Li0.4Sr0.3Ti2(PO4)3 (LSTP). The composition with formula Li0.4Sr0.3Ti2−xZrx(PO4)3 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 2.0) were prepared by solid state reaction method. The phase and crystal structure were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The compositions were in rhombohedral phase with the space group R 3¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\overline{3}$$\\end{document} c. The doping of Zr4+ in LSTP causes the peaks in the XRD spectra for doped composition (x = 0.5, 2.0) to move towards lower angle. The displacement of the XRD peaks towards lower angle side show the expansion in the lattice of the Zr doped compositions Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 and Li0.4Sr0.3Zr2(PO4)3. The presence of stretching and bending modes of PO4 groups in the prepared compositions was identified by FTIR spectra. The enhanced bulk conductivity of 4.32 × 10–5 S/cm for Zr doped composition Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 and 3.20 × 10–5 S/cm for composition Li0.4Sr0.3Zr2(PO4)3 is observed at 25 °C. The modulus peaks in the Zr doped composition Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 is displaced towards higher frequencies at 450 °C, indicating the presence of the thermally produced dielectric relaxation phenomenon and charge carrier hopping. The cole cole plot consisting of one semicircle in case of Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 discusses the contribution of bulk and grain boundary resistances and is fitted by equivalent circuit consisting of CPE and R element joined in parallel.

To study the communication hindrance between laboratory technicians and dentist of work authorization for FPD- A survey

Aim of this survey was to determine the communication the level of communication between dentists and dental laboratories in specific areas of the work authorization forms for the fabrication of fixed partial dentures. A questionnaire was prepared to assess communication gap between dentist and lab technicians through work authorization for FDPs. A total of 70 dental laboratory technicians were provided with a questionnaire regarding work authorization form via Google doc files. The survey focused questions pertaining to fulfilling the following areas of work authorization: patient’s information, name of the prescribing dentist, material for the prosthesis, pontic design of the prosthesis, shade description, and date of completion of work. The number of responses received was statistically evaluated using Fisher’s t‑test and nonparametric Spearman’s correlation coefficient (P ≤ 0.05). Eighty out of 100 laboratory technicians surveyed responded to the questionnaire.The patient’s general information was satisfactorily filled in 75%–100% of the forms. Information regarding the pontic design, staining diagram, and preferred margin were on the lower side of the scale ranging between 25% and 50%. The survey concluded that areas of work authorization with respect to fixed dental prosthesis require attention and need to be adequately filled by the dentist. In addition, the study suggests that the foundation of communication skill training programs in work authorization should be laid from the undergraduate curriculum. The concerned authorized bodies/specialty organizations should formulate a standardized work authorization format which can bridge the wide gap between the crown and bridge office and laboratory.