Low Level Of Involvement Research Articles

Polish-Ukrainian Legal Services: A Sociological and Legal Study

The rapid development of contemporary Polish-Ukrainian relations and the emigration of Ukrainians to Poland and EU countries require more and more lawyers to provide cross-border legal services. However, the emerging barriers between the countries effectively limit the possibilities for cooperation. It is particularly important to determine the extent of involvement of Polish lawyers in Ukraine and Ukrainians in Poland and to explain the reasons for their lack of involvement. It is also important to determine the consequences of the observed problem and the development strategy for the future. The present research is part of a larger study on the internationalisation of the Polish justice system and the provision of cross-border legal services. Methodologically, the study has been performed through structured interviews among representatives of Polish lawyers and questionnaires among all Polish lawyers. It was supplemented by non-reactive methods: an analysis of statistical data, an anthropomastic analysis, a content analysis of websites, and a functional analysis of legal acts. The results of the study show that Polish lawyers do not practice in Ukraine at all, and no more than 20 Ukrainian jurists work in Poland. The reasons are the border barriers and the lack of demand for mutual legal services, as well as cultural differences. The low level of involvement of the Polish and Ukrainian Bar Associations also contributes to the low level of provision of cross-border legal services. Nevertheless, Ukrainian immigrants to Poland are increasingly becoming Polish lawyers. Currently, the involvement of Ukrainian lawyers in the Polish legal services market is slowly increasing. This confused situation will likely change later this decade.

Uwarunkowania rozwoju gospodarczego i handlu zagranicznego krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w okresie międzywojennym (1918-1939)

The economic development of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the interwar period did not remove essential structural defects in foreign trade, such as: regionalism, compliance of export and import directions, too much concentration on several markets, low assortment diversity and typically raw material and agricultural export structure. Mutual exchange took place on a small scale and was often unilateral, and its size did not generally exceed 10% of the total turnover of this zone. In addition, it was also characterized by a significant degree of concentration and occurred mainly between neighboring countries and in a narrow range. One of the fundamental reasons explaining the low level of mutual trade was the far-reaching mutual competitiveness of the economies of these countries. The high similarity of export structures and assortments as well as the identity of import needs at a weak level, with a similar export expansion rate, have created significant elements of competition between the economies of the region. In the interwar period, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe were not strongly involved in foreign trade, with the exception of Czechoslovakia. They were generally poorly developed raw material and agricultural countries, exporting mainly raw materials and food to developed countries of Western Europe, and in particular to Germany. Their total share in world trade was at the level of approx. 3% at that time. The low level of involvement of these countries in world trade was indicated in particular by small export volumes per one inhabitant.

ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES OF ODUDUWA UNIVERSITY, IPETU-MODU, NIGERIA: MODERATING ROLES OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND TASK VALUE

The thrust of the study was to investigate the level of academic dishonesty among undergraduate students of Oduduwa University, Ipetu-modu, Nigeria, and to examine the factors that could predispose students to academic dishonesty. These were with a view to providing information on the factors that could predispose students to academic dishonesty. The study employed the survey research design. A sample of 500 students was selected for the study using a multistage sampling procedure. An adapted instrument titled “Questionnaire on Personality Traits, Task Value and Students’ Academic Dishonesty (QPTSA) was used to collect data from the students. The results showed that there was a low level of involvement in academic dishonesty among the students 286(57.5%). It was showed there was a significant relationship between extraversion (β = .051, p < 0.05), agreeableness (β = .131, p < 0.05), neuroticism (β = .327, p < 0.05), openness (β = .002, p < 0.05) and academic dishonesty, while a negative relationship existed between conscientiousness (β =.-264, p > 0.05) and academic dishonesty. Lastly, the result showed that there was a negative correlation between task value and academic dishonesty among undergraduate students (r = -.028, p >0.05). It was concluded that the incident of academic dishonesty was low among the students in the study area. However, neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness were responsible for the academic dishonesty among the students in the study area.

Trends in the development of regional trust management markets

The article discusses the features of the development of the trust management services market. The purpose of the article is to determine the regional features of the development of the trust management services market. The article uses the methods of quantitative empirical research, statistical analysis and visualization, analysis and assessment of the regional dynamics of the main instruments of trust management. The formation of the trust management market takes into account the peculiarities of the development and economies of individual countries, regional regulatory characteristics. Trust management is widespread in advanced countries, while in other countries this market is just emerging. In general, the trust management market in the countries of Eastern Europe and Russia in particular is only in the process of formation, although the services themselves have a long history of development. They are most often viewed as part of the overall market for banking or insurance services. At the present stage, there is a selection of a separate market segment, determination of the place of trust services in the structure of banking services, identification of regional characteristics in the structure of the global market. The peculiarities of the Russian securities market are: active participation of the state in the processes of market trading, a large number of government securities on the market and a relatively low level of involvement in global processes. The market is relatively small, but its development is quite dynamic. The key prerequisites for the development of the market are: the relative closeness of the market, government regulation, a decrease in the attractiveness of other banking or financial instruments, and an increase in the general welfare of investors.

Far from a monolith: a typology of externalizing behavior among African American youth.

Previous studies have examined externalizing behaviors among African American youth using variable-centered approaches that study aggression and delinquency separately. However, aggression and delinquency often operate together in shaping adolescent behavior. For this reason, person-centered approaches are essential for identifying subgroups of African American youth using multiple indicators of aggression and delinquency to model the behavioral heterogeneity within this population. We examined the relationship between interpersonal, school, and parenting factors and externalizing behaviors among African American youth. Drawing from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2015-2018, we conducted latent class analysis based on 5 externalizing behavior indicator variables (i.e., serious fight, attack to harm, stealing, drug selling, handgun carrying) using a sample of 7,236 African American adolescents, aged 12-17. We identified a three class solution: Class #1-No Involvement (74.4%), characterized by very low levels of involvement in all of the externalizing behaviors examined; Class #2-Serious fight (23.3%), which is characterized by near-universal involvement in a serious fight, far lower levels of attack to harm, and negligible levels of stealing, drug selling, and handgun caring; and Class #3-Multidimensional externalizing (2.3%), characterized by very high levels of involvement in all of the externalizing variables examined. Most African American youth are not involved in externalizing behaviors. It is vital to support both the large majority of African-American youth who are abstaining from externalizing behaviors and to develop/implement programs to address the contextual and interpersonal needs of youth at elevated risk for consequences related to externalizing.

DETERMINANTS OF ACCESS AND EXTENT OF USE OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE SCHEMES BY SMALL-SCALE FARMERS IN KOGI STATE NIGERIA

Research Background: Although, insurance services are offered by the Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation and other private companies in Nigeria; however, there has been a low level of involvement of farmers in the purchasing of insurance premiums in Kogi state. The empirical evidence on the factors accountable for the low patronage of the Nigeria Agricultural Insurance Schemes (AIS) in Kogi State are not known. The identification of these factors inhibiting the access and use of AIS by farmers and the provision of appropriate and efficient solutions by the relevant stakeholders can mitigate the catastrophic effects of risks and uncertainties on the farmers. Purpose of the article: The research was carried out in order to ascertain the determinants of access and extent of use of AIS by farmers in the study area so as to of provide appropriate and efficient solutions capable of mitigating the catastrophic effects of risks and uncertainties inherent in agriculture on the farmers means of livelihood. This makes the analysis of the level of access and extent of use of and the factors influencing farmers' willingness to participate in the agricultural insurance scheme a compelling necessity. Methods: Data for the study was collected through the help of a well-structured questionnaire administered to 150 farmers whom were selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Heckman's two-stage model. Findings and value added: Farmers in the study area were males, literate, and experienced farmers. The determinants of access to AIS were awareness of AIS, age, income, and marital status, while age, awareness of AIS, and income significantly influenced the extent of use of AIS by the farmers in the study area. Farmers in the study area can access and use more of AIS through increased awareness of the insurance scheme as well as increasing farmers’ income level through affordable loan scheme or outright government grants.

Formation and development of innovative agricultural system of the Republic of South Ossetia

The paper discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of innovative development of agriculture in the Republic of South Ossetia, whose territory is located in the foothills and mountains, which imposes special requirements on the technologies used for the production of agricultural products, raw materials and agricultural food. The ambiguity of ongoing processes in the agricultural sector of the economy, including a high level of unoccupied population in rural areas and a low level of involvement in the turnover of agricultural land requires new approaches to regulating innovation processes. A set of measures and directions for the formation of the innovation system of the Republic of South Ossetia is proposed, in which the key role is assigned to the recommended interstate technological agricultural platform.

Compliance Mediation between the Demographic Characteristics of Intermediate Management and the Financial Performance of Banking Branches

Corporate scandals that occurred before the Sarbanes-Oxley Act demonstrated weaknesses in the compliance environment, arising from the low level of involvement of the middle management with internal controls. Regarding middle management in the banking sector, which needs to monitor risks and ensure compliance with laws and regulations, no studies were found that correlated managers’ demographic variables with compliance and financial performance. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate whether compliance mediates the effect of the demographic characteristics of intermediary managers on the financial performance of bank branches. We use the Generalised Structural Equation Modeling (gSEM) as a data analysis technique to determine whether compliance mediates managerial demographics on the financial performance of bank branches. The results suggest that compliance mediates managerial demographics on financial performance only for some demographic characteristics.

IMPLEMENTATION THE PRACTICE OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of implementing the practice of socially responsible business in Ukraine. It is considered scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «social responsibility of business» (CSR) and formulated the author's interpretation of its essence. The main reasons which limit the introduction of the practice of socially responsible business at enterprises are determined. The key reasons are identified as the unwillingness of most companies to invest in social programs that do not have a direct financial result, low level of involvement of business managers in solving social problems, lack of accountability for corporate social responsibility and relationships mechanisms between CSR and public. The focus is on the relationship between CSR and enterprise competitiveness. A system of corporate social responsibility management is developed, which covers specific measures, as well as the relevant structural units of the enterprise to which they should be assigned. It is argued the necessity of introduction of practice of standardization of social reports according to the European standards in order to compare the social activity of domestic companies with foreign ones. There are also substantiated the features of the implementation of CSR principles at domestic machine-building enterprises. The main social programs and guarantees that apply to employees are covered. Considerable attention is paid to social and technical measures aimed at protecting the natural environment. It is considered problematic aspects which constrain the parameters of development and implementation of corporate social responsibility. The measures are proposed that should provide an incentive for corporate social responsibility, in particular, the provision of preferential taxation and reduction of administrative pressure, the creation of favorable financial opportunities for social investment, as well as the relevant legal framework for social responsibility. It is argued that the comprehensive implementation of the proposed measures create favorable conditions for the introduction of the practice of social responsibility as one of the effective areas of business development in Ukraine. Keywords: social responsibility of business, corporate social responsibility, business, social measures, social guarantees.

Delivery of Palliative Care in Acute Care Hospitals: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study Describing the Level of Involvement and Timing of Inpatient Palliative Care in the Last Year of Life.

Background: Much end-of-life care is provided in hospital, yet little is known about the delivery of palliative care during end-of-life hospitalizations. Objectives: To characterize the level of palliative care involvement across hospitalizations in the last year of life. Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study of adults in Ontario, Canada, who died between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2017, and had at least one acute care hospitalization in their last year of life. Using linked administrative health data, we developed a hierarchy of inpatient palliative care involvement reflecting the degree to which care was delivered with palliative intent. This hierarchy was based on palliative care diagnosis and service provider codes on hospitalization records and physician claims. We examined variations in the level of palliative care involvement across key patient characteristics. Results: In the last year of life, 65.1% of hospitalizations had no indication of palliative care involvement, 16.7% had a low level of involvement, 13.5% had a medium level of involvement, and 4.7% had a high level of involvement. Most hospitalizations with palliative care involvement (85.6%) occurred in the two months before death. Compared to patients who received no inpatient palliative care, patients who received a high level of palliative care involvement tended to be younger, died of cancer, resided in urban or lower income neighborhoods, and had fewer chronic conditions. Discussion: While many hospitalizations occurred in the last year of life, the majority did not involve palliative care, and very few had a high level of palliative care involvement.

Community Perceptions of the Economic Impacts of Ecotourism in Cameroon

This study aimed to investigate community perceptions of the economic impact of ecotourism in Cameroon. Using a mixed-method research approach, based on two case study areas (the Mount Cameroon National Park and the Douala Edéa Wildlife Reserve), community surveys were administered to 442 households. In addition, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with relevant key informants. Key findings suggest that, while respondents generally agreed that ecotourism has many positive economic benefits, such benefits are often concentrated at government level, or contained within privately owned businesses. The lack of benefit sharing can be attributed to the low level of involvement of locals in the sector, unsuitable management practices that promote neither inclusiveness, nor the nomination of locals as economic beneficiaries of the sector, and an absence of dedicated ecotourism policy to guide the overall development and management of the sector. The study recommends that policies and strategies that encourage local economic development from ecotourism be established in the country, to ensure that the appropriate structures are put in place for the equitable distribution of the economic benefits to locals.

PODER DE LAS MARCAS A LA HORA DE COMPRAR

El presente artículo tiene por finalidad conocer cuál es el comportamiento que tiene el consumidor a la hora de comprar y estar frente a un sinnúmero de marcas ya posesionadas en el mercado y con renombre, lo que le hace más difícil su elección; sean estos productos tecnológicos, moda actual o simplemente estilo de vida. Para lograr conocer cuál es el nivel de involucramiento que tiene el consumidor, se decidió segmentar los gustos y preferencias de compra en tres categorías: la primera categoría o nivel de involucramiento alto son los computadores y teléfonos celulares; la segunda categoría o nivel de involucramiento medio son zapatos deportivos y la tercera categoría o nivel de involucramiento bajo son gaseosas y jugos

Gender Involvement of Sedentary Fulani in Dairy Farming Practices in Osun State, Nigeria

Summary The study assessed the gender involvement of sedentary Fulani in dairy farming practices in Osun State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 256 respondents from 12 Local Government Areas (LGAs) inhabited by the sedentary Fulani in the study area. Interview schedules were used for quantitative data collection. Data were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviations while one-way ANOVA was used to draw inferences on the hypothesis. The results showed that the mean age of the male and female respondents was 34.05 ± 12.49 years and 33.33 ± 13.14 years respectively. The majority of the male (85.9 %) and female (89.8 %) respondents had no formal education. The mean herd size of male and female respondents was 20 ± 2 and 5 ± 2 heads of cattle respectively. All of the male respondents indicated that fencing, grazing and milking were male gender roles, while all female respondents indicated that cleaning of pens, sales of milk/milk products and processing of milk were female gender roles. The study showed that 42.7% of the male and10.2% of the female respondents had high level of involvement in dairy farming activities, while 24.7% of the male and 44.2% of the female respondents had low level of involvement. Further results revealed that there were significant differences (F = 312.80) between the male and female respondents in their involvement in dairy farming practice. The study concluded that there is gender gap in male and female involvement in dairy farming practices.

FEATURES OF PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES IN UKRAINE

The aim of the article is to consider the issue of functioning of social services in Ukraine, in particular the peculiarities of their provision. The urgency of the topic is due to the existing dissonance between the spectrum of social services declared in regulations and the mechanism of their implementation and the actual state of the issue. In addition, the phenomena of decentralization and deinstitutionalization have significantly affected the sphere of social services. Adjustments are made in the conditions of a quarantine mode through Covid-19. Research methods used: analysis of current legal documents, review, systematization and generalization of data published on the official website of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine on the functioning of mechanisms for providing social services, method of analysis of current scientific research on the topic were involved. As a result of the research, the modern legal framework for the provision of social services is analyzed; the range of innovations concerning the specified volume of each kind of social service is defined. A range of problems that need to be addressed urgently has been identified. In particular, the declarative nature of the content of social services, ie large differences between the statutory scope of the service and its functioning in practice due to lack of funding and lack of practical mechanisms for implementing the statutory social package. Immediate correction is also required for the uneven quantitative distribution of social service centers according to the population of the region; low level of involvement of volunteer, public organizations and the business sphere in the functioning of the social sphere of the state as a whole; lack of effective models of interaction between them.

Primary Mantle Cell Lymphoma of the Tonsil: A Case Series

Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a mature B cell non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by the t (11; 14) (q13; q32) translocation, which results in over-expression of cyclin D1. It comprises about 7% of NHL in the United States and Europe and its overall incidence appears to be increasing in the United States. While most patients present with advanced stage and generalized lymphadenopathy, 25% of patients with MCL present with extra-nodal disease. The most common site of involvement being gastrointestinal tract, liver and bone marrow. Isolated involvement of waldeyer's ring is rare. To date, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Here we describe three patients with primary MCL of the tonsil, summarizing their presentation and clinical course. Method: We present a case series of MCL of the tonsils diagnosed and followed at a single center from August 2019-May 2020. Data regarding demographics, morphology, IHC stains, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, management and outcome are reviewed. Results: Three patients were diagnosed with tonsillar MCL. Clinical findings are summarized in table 1. All were men with a mean age of 63 years at diagnosis. None had B symptoms. They presented initially with swallowing difficulty and underwent tonsillectomy. They were found to have low risk pathology and clinical features suggesting the indolent form of MCL. Case 1: A 73 year-old with history of MEN-2 disorder presented with swallowing difficulty. A left tonsil mass was noted on examination and he underwent left tonsillectomy. Pathology confirmed diagnosis of MCL of the tonsil, with positive IHC stain for CD5, PAX5, cyclin D1 and SOX11, negative for CD10. The Ki-67 proliferative index was approximately 10-15%. PET-CT did not show any evidence of disease except for few non-specific level 1b and III left cervical nodes. Patient declined further staging work up, including a bone marrow biopsy and biopsy of a small left cervical lymph node to exclude other sites of involvement. He remains symptom-free on observation. Case 2: A 61 year-old presented with intermittent chocking sensation and difficulty swallowing. An enlarged right tonsil was observed on examination. He underwent right tonsillectomy and pathology was consistent with MCL, with positive IHC stain for CD5, cyclin D1 and SOX11, negative for CD 10. Ki-67 proliferative index was 30% and TP53 mutation was negative. Bone marrow evaluation showed 30% involvement with MCL, however, his peripheral cell counts were normal. PET-CT did not show any convincing evidence for other sites of involvement. We recommended watchful waiting and patient remains symptom free on close follow up. Case 3: A 55 year-old presented with dysphagia and sensation of a lump in his throat. He was noted to have bilateral tonsil enlargement. He underwent bilateral tonsillectomy. Pathology showed a population of B-cells with kappa light chain restriction and co-expression of CD5 and SOX 11 on the left tonsil only, consistent with diagnosis of MCL of left tonsil. The Ki-67 proliferative index was 20%. Bone marrow evaluation showed low level of involvement ~1% by MCL. PET-CT did not show any convincing evidence of disease elsewhere. We recommended watchful waiting and patient remains symptom free on close follow up, Conclusion: Primary MCL of the tonsils is an uncommon diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge this is the largest case series of this rare disease reported by a single institution. The demographics, histology and molecular features of our patients are similar to published data on MCL. Mainstay of therapy for MCL remains combination chemo immunotherapy which is not considered curative. Some studies have showed a prolonged median survival of 7 years in MCL patients treated nonaggressively, suggesting that a subset of patients may have an indolent course. Identification of this unique group of patients is challenging as there is no validated prognostic tool yet. In addition to MIPI, the Ki-67 score seems to be a powerful predictor of survival, with scores less than 30% showing prolonged survival. Our three patients presented with low Ki-67 score and low burden disease. They did not have B symptoms and were asymptomatic after surgery. Further studies are needed to assess whether MCL of the tonsil, without other dominant systemic disease, represents a unique clinical entity that predicts the indolent form of the disease which could be managed conservatively. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Mass timber building material in the U.S. construction industry: Determining the existing awareness level, construction-related challenges, and recommendations to increase its current acceptance level

Timber has been considered as a promising building material because of its structural rigidity, environmental sustainability, and renewability nature. In Europe and Australia, timber materials have been used for many different types of construction such as residential, commercial, education, and industrial. However, in the U.S., the familiarity of timber products is gaining momentum. The construction practitioners are still reluctant to consider mass timber as a mainstream building material. A limited number of case study projects make it difficult for industry personnel to evaluate the actual construction feasibility of mass timber. As a result, a significant knowledge gap has been created that hindering the progress of mass timber material in the U.S. construction industry. To help solve the problem, this study aims to identify the existing awareness level among the U.S. building constructors regarding mass timber building materials. It further determines some of the major construction-related difficulties of mass timber buildings and recommendations overcome those difficulties to increase the acceptance of this material. The study performed a semi-structured questionnaire survey to carry out statistical analysis regarding mass timber building material. Analysis of descriptive statistics suggested that the level of awareness and involvement by the U.S. construction practitioners in mass timber building is still significantly low as 55% of the participants indicated no experience on mass timber building construction projects. Qualitative data analysis suggested that lack of experience in timber construction, poor coordination among the project parties, design-related difficulties, and high cost of mass timber panels are the biggest construction-related barriers to adopt this product. To overcome the existing difficulties, the study proposed an increasing number of timber building projects and manufacturing plants, effective early collaboration among the project parties, developing skilled workers, and a nation-wide promotion by the owners and the architects. The outcomes of this study will be helpful for the industry practitioners and the owners to adopt mass timber as a mainstream building material. The study will further increase the acceptance of this material in the U.S. construction industry. • In the U.S., the concept of mass timber building is still relatively new. • Low level of involvement by the U.S. construction practitioners. • Inexperience, lack of coordination, and insufficient manufacturing facilities are the major construction-related challenges. • Increasing timber building projects and manufacturing plants, effective coordination to improve the current situation.

Youth agripreneurship in the horticultural value‐chain: The case of small‐scale mango farmers in Southern Ghana

AbstractDevelopment partners are promoting youth entrepreneurship in agriculture (agripreneurship) in sub‐Saharan Africa. While youth engagement in food crop production and marketing has received a lot of attention on both policy and academic fronts, the low level of involvement of youth in the horticultural value‐chain has received little attention. To this end, this study assessed the factors that influence participation of youth in the horticultural value‐chain. Using the multistage sampling technique, data were collected from 224 mango‐producing households in southern Ghana. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the binary logit model. The study found that there exist differences between the youth and older farmers in terms of socioeconomic factors including education, household size, and income, and institutional support services including certification, credit, extension services and group membership. The results of the econometric model revealed that age, education, and access to credit and extension services motivate youth participation in agriculture. Access to credit and ownership of motorized transport encouraged participation of older farmers in high value markets. The study recommends that development partners provide credit facilities and capacity development through agricultural training and extension services to enhance youth participation in high value markets.

Child ADHD Symptoms and Parent Involvement in Education

This study examined whether inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity moderated the relationship between parent’s personal and contextual motivators for involvement in their child’s education (i.e., self-efficacy, role construction, time and energy, knowledge and skill) and involvement in their child’s activities at home. Parents and teachers of 122 kindergarten students rated children’s levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Parents reported on their motivators for involvement in their child’s education as well as parent involvement behaviors at home. Inattention predicted home-based involvement in most models. Inattention also moderated the relationships between parents’ perceived knowledge and skills, role construction, and time and energy and their involvement activities at home, such that parent’s personal and contextual moderators were more strongly linked with their home-based involvement when children’s levels of inattention were high. Hyperactivity/impulsivity was not a significant predictor of parent involvement at home and did not moderate the association between parent’s personal and contextual motivators and their home-based involvement activities. These findings suggest that considering motivators for involvement may be particularly important when working with youth with high levels of inattentive symptoms. In particular, findings provide insight into which families are particularly at risk for low levels of involvement. Implications for research and practice are delineated.

Longitudinal Correlates of Maternal Involvement and Spanking in Spanish-speaking Latinas Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence.

Mothers experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) have been found to have negative long-term parenting outcomes, such as reduced maternal involvement and greater use of physical punishment, which represent potential pathways by which IPV negatively affects children. Factors influencing these parenting practices have not been examined in IPV-exposed Latinas. The aim of this study is to understand the factors that affect maternal involvement and spanking by Latinas to contribute to culturally-informed intervention development and refinement. A total of 93 Spanish-speaking Latinas who had experienced IPV completed standardized measures of maternal involvement, spanking, IPV, depression, and posttraumatic stress (PTS) and provided demographic information. Slightly over half of the women participated in an intervention program. Longitudinal multilevel modeling (MLM) demonstrated that higher levels of maternal depression predicted lower levels of involvement over time. PTS reexperiencing symptoms were positively related to involvement, such that mothers with higher levels of reexperiencing reported higher levels of involvement. An independent longitudinal MLM revealed that higher amounts of IPV exposure and higher levels of PTS arousal symptoms were associated with higher levels of spanking, while maternal employment was associated with lower levels of this same parenting behavior. Maternal involvement increased over time, where there was no significant change in spanking over time, and no effect of the intervention program on either parenting practice. Results suggest clinical interventions should target reductions in depression and specific PTS symptom subdomains as pathways to improving parenting in IPV-exposed Latinas. Continued study is needed to understand the relationship between reexperiencing and maternal involvement.

Academic Mobility in Teacher Education

Introduction. Nowadays, it is hard to consider higher education of the 21st century without the global context. The increasing globalisation opens up many opportunities for higher education development, while becoming a challenge to national systems for the training of qualified professionals, including teachers. Thus, the internationalisation of teacher education is currently becoming one of the global trends.The aim of the present research was to investigate the state of involvement of future Russian educators in the processes of academic mobility.Methodology and research methods. The research is based on the theory of internationalisation of education in the conditions of increasing globalisation. In the course of the research, the authors used a mixed toolkit: analysis and generalisation of academic publications, statistical data (the Eurostat working papers and OECD’s reports) and sociological survey. 1714 students of the universities of Siberia took part in the sociological survey.Results and scientific novelty. The analytical reviews of literature revealed the shortage of academic publications on the problems of internationalisation of pedagogical education and the lack of statistics in the Russian Federation on the academic mobility of future teachers. Based on the results of theoretical analysis, the levels of study of academic migration of students of pedagogical specialties were determined – geopolitical, organisational and personally-oriented. A questionnaire has been developed to ascertain the degree of academic mobility of students. This questionnaire includes scanning the portfolio of respondents, finding out their status and motivation to participate in the internationalisation process and academic exchange programmes. The analysis of the results demonstrates the low level of involvement of students of Siberian universities in the academic mobility programmes against the background of their high degree of readiness to study at other universities, including universities abroad. The reasons for non-involvement are identified.Practical significance. The recommendations for changing the critical situation are proposed. It is highlighted that academic mobility should take an important place in both the curriculum of Russian universalities and the individual educational routes. It is necessary to support academic mobility and form a new teacher’s professional identity in the global context.