Low Ice Adhesion Strength Research Articles

Intercalated MOF nanocomposites: robust, fluorine-free and waterborne amphiphobic coatings.

Transparent non-wetting surfaces with mechanical robustness are critical for applications such as contamination prevention, (anti-)condensation, anti-icing, anti-biofouling, etc. The surface treatments in these applications often use hazardous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are bio-persistent or have compromised durability due to weak polymer/particle interfacial interactions. Hence, developing new approaches to synthesise non-fluorinated liquid-repellent coatings with attributes such as scalable fabrication, transparency, and mechanical durability is important. Here, we present a water-based spray formulation to fabricate non-fluorinated amphiphobic (repellent to both water and low surface tension liquids) coatings by combining polyurethane and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) followed by post-functionalisation with flexible alkyl silanes. Owing to intercalation of polyurethane chains into MOF pores, akin to robust bicontinuous structures in nature, these coatings show excellent impact robustness, resisting high-speed water jets (∼35 m s-1), and a very low ice adhesion strength of ≤30 kPa across multiple icing/de-icing cycles. These surfaces are also smooth and highly transparent, and exhibit excellent amphiphobicity towards a range of low surface tension liquids from water to alcohols and ketones. The multi-functionality, robustness and potential scalability of our approach make this formulation a good alternative to hazardous PFAS-based coatings or solid particle/polymer nanocomposites.

Mechanochemical Damage Self‐Repairable Photothermal Anti/De‐Icing Superhydrophobic Coating by Dynamic Bonding Phase‐Change Fillers with the Matrix

AbstractThe development of robust superhydrophobic coatings with the capacity for self‐healing against mechanochemical damage is pivotal for their practical deployment. This study develops a physically and chemically self‐healing superhydrophobic coating with exceptional durability for anti‐icing applications using a simple spray coating method. This is achieved by incorporating phase‐change fillers into a dynamic cross‐linked matrix via dynamic imine bonds. Specifically, oleylamine (ODA) is encapsulated within rigid diatomite nanopores and modified with dopamine (DOA), significantly enhancing the grafting efficiency of aminopropyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (NH₂‐PDMS‐NH₂) (N‐DOA). The incorporation of 15% N‐DOA increases the water contact angle (WCA) of the acrylic resin/aminopropyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (AR/NH₂‐PDMS‐NH₂) matrix to 159.7° and reduces the sliding angle (SA) to 2.9°, while also improving the mechanical durability of coating to withstand 600 abrasion cycles. The dynamic imine bonds between NH₂‐PDMS‐NH₂ and trimesic acid (BTC) facilitate the mobility of N‐DOA and NH₂‐PDMS‐NH₂, enabling rapid recovery of superhydrophobic properties and low ice adhesion strength after abrasions, scratches, oxygen plasma etching, and multiple de‐icing cycles due to the synergistic phase‐change effect of ODA. Thus, the self‐healing coating produced via this simple spray method presents a novel approach for superhydrophobic coatings in anti‐icing applications.

Mechanically robust cable superhydrophobic coating with passive anti-icing and rapid deicing performance

The accumulation of ice and snow on cables in winter poses a serious threat to the transmission and safety of electricity. It is extremely necessary to prepare a strong superhydrophobic anti-icing coating on the surface of the cable to gently remove the ice and snow on its surface. In this study, we constructed rough structures using inexpensive nano SiO2, modified the hydrophobicity and flexibility of epoxy resin with acrylic resin and polydimethylsiloxane as modifiers, and prepared a robust superhydrophobic anti-icing coating that combines multiple binders. The coating was prepared by a simple air spraying process and has compatibility with both flat and curved surfaces. Compared with the pristine cable, this coating can reduce ice accumulation by about 4 times, shorten deicing time by about 2.1 times, and lower the average ice adhesion strength to 12.5 KPa, a reduction of about 90%; On stainless steel plates, the anti-icing time can be extended by about 5.8 times. In addition, the coating still has low ice adhesion strength and good hydrophobic properties after being scratched by a knife, impacted by 12 h of water flow, impacted by 500 mL sand drop, and peeled off by 60 adhesive tapes. The preparation of this coating has a simple process flow and excellent anti-icing performance, and has broad application prospects in the field of anti-icing for transmission lines.

Robust photothermal anti/de-icing hydrophobic coating based on polydopamine (PDA) composition

The hydrophobic soft coating has low ice adhesion strength and hydrophobic stability in low-temperature and high-humidity environments, which is crucial for preventing ice formation on infrastructure and transportation systems. However, creating mechanically durable hydrophobic soft coatings using simple methods remains challenging. In this study, a high-hardness particle-toughened, self-stratifying organic layer with high photothermal conversion rate was developed to enhance coating durability and ice-repellent performance. By optimizing the ratio of dopamine (DA) and sodium alginate (SA), a hydrophobic photothermal agent (DPSn) with high hardness and a significant light-heat effect was synthesized. A durable, hydrophobic photothermal anti-ice coating (AR/20 %PDMS/x%DPS1) with varying DPS1 amounts was successfully created using a straightforward one-step spray method, utilizing the self-stratification characteristics of acrylic resin (AR) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), along with the toughening effect of DPSn. The fiber cross-linked structure of DPS1 achieved a photothermal conversion rate of 87.5 %. Adding 4 wt% DPS1 increased the surface temperature of the AR/20 %PDMS coating to 96.5 ± 2.4 °C and boosted the coating’s adhesion strength from 6.70 ± 0.3 MPa to 7.23 ± 0.7 MPa. The AR/20 %PDMS/4%DPS1 coating demonstrated excellent anti-/de-icing performance after 60 friction cycles, 60 icing/de-icing cycles, and 132 h of acid-base immersion. Its simple preparation process and durable ice-repellent properties make it highly suitable for practical applications in photothermal hydrophobic soft coatings.

Innovative ice mitigation: Exploring the potential of choline-based deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids synergies

The development of anti-icing coatings for extremely low temperatures is still emerging. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as subset of ionic liquid (IL) analogues, have recently gained increasing attention for their unique and versatile applications. Given no investigation regarding anti-icing capabilities of DESs, our study focused on the exciting potential of choline-based DESs. The intriguing potential of hydrogen bonding through the synergistic combination of DESs and ILs offers significant promise for innovative solutions to ice-related challenges that remain largely unexplored. We conducted a comprehensive study on the anti-freezing properties of DESs by synthesizing choline-based ILs featuring both hydrophilic and hydrophobic anions. We aimed to explore how the diverse hydrogen-bond donors in DESs combined with the synthesized ILs to enhance the system’s ability to prevent ice formation. Substituting ethylene glycol (EG) with glycerol (GL) resulted in achieving an ice formation temperature of − 36 °C and an exceptionally low ice adhesion strength of 10 kPa, due to a thicker quasi-liquid layer on the coating surface, confirmed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The altered frost formation patterns of the DES-containing coatings demonstrated an enhance resistance against frost formation. This comprehensive study underscored the promising synergy between DESs and ILs for highly effective ice mitigation.

Durable one-component polyurea icephobic coatings with energy-saving performance in electrical heating de-icing

Ice formation and accumulation on the surfaces of aircraft, wind turbines, and boat hulls might result in serious economic losses and catastrophic accidents. The development of a new generation of icephobic surfaces has emerged in recent years for anti-icing. However, insufficient durability of the existing icephobic surfaces remains a significant challenge to their applications. In this study, durable one-component polyurea icephobic coatings (OPICs) with a low ice adhesion strength (∼25.3 kPa) were prepared via a solvent-free method by combining the NCO-terminated prepolymer, latent curing agent, and silicone oil. The chemical structure, surface morphology, wettability, mechanical properties, icephobicity, and durability of the OPICs were studied. The optimized design of OPICs with synergistic icephobic mechanisms endowed them with excellent icephobicity and durability. The superior mechanical durability and chemical stability were revealed by the maintaining icephobicity of OPICs even after 3000 continuous Taber abrasion cycles, as well as 50 icing/de-icing cycles, 72 h of NaOH immersion, and 240 h of neutral salt spray test. The effect of OPICs on minimizing the electric power consumption was further investigated by icing wind tunnel. In comparison to the epoxy primer coated and Al alloy coated airfoil surface, airfoil surface coated by OPIC-30 was found to achieve about 43.7 % and 43.9 % energy savings in the keeping entire airfoil surface ice-free, respectively. The one-component polyurea icephobic coatings have great prospects for practical applications that require long-term anti-icing properties.

Robust anti-icing double-layer superamphiphobic composite coatings for heat exchangers

The formation and accumulation of ice on the heat exchangers of air conditioners significantly reduce the performance issues, as well as the stability and heating efficiency. Superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings passively achieve multifunctional anti-icing properties by minimizing water droplet contact and promoting Cassie ice formation. However, long-term performance in frigid environments remains challenge for these coatings due to limitations in anti-icing durability and mechanical properties. Herein, a double-layer polymer-SiC/F-SiO2 superamphiphobic composite coating is developed. The bottom layer comprises a polymer PAI and SiC composite, and the top layer consists of F-SiO2. The composite coating demonstrates superior performance in simultaneous frost prevention, low ice adhesion, easy frost removal, exceptional mechanical strength, and long-lasting anti-icing durability. Our developed double-layer coating exhibits low ice adhesion strength down to 9.2 kPa, remarkable mechanical resilience against scratching and flushing, and delayed frost properties. These superior anti-icing properties, manifested by both lower adhesion strength and improved frost repellency, lead to a doubling of frosting time and the easier removal of ice on coated heat exchangers compared to traditional units. The development of this novel superamphiphobic composite coating provides a practical approach to creating durable anti-icing materials, leading to significant improvements in air conditioner performance.

In-Situ Observation of Ice-Adhesion Interface Under Tangential Loading: Anti-Icing Mechanism of Hydrophilic PPEGMA Polymer Brush

Techniques preventing icing and ice accumulation on surfaces are required to solve snow- and ice-induced accidents and disasters. Recently, hydrophilic polymers have attracted attention as a passive anti-icing method. This study examined the ice-adhesion properties of the hydrophilic poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (PPEGMA) concentrated polymer brush (CPB). A custom-built apparatus was developed to obtain the ice-adhesion strength and visualize the dynamics of the ice-adhesion interface under tangential loading. The ice-adhesion interface for a PPEGMA-CPB-coated glass substrate was investigated by comparing it with the bare glass substrate. As a result, the CPB exhibited a low ice-adhesion strength of less than 100 kPa, the dependencies of which on the drive speed and temperature indicate a high-viscous liquid-like layer at the interface, even below the melting point of water, leading to the smooth onset of sliding due to its self-lubricity without any rupture events (including precursory events) observed for the bare glass.

An anti-extreme-environment self-healing vanillin-based icephobic coating with UV-shielding performance and recyclability

Outdoor icephobic coatings are prone to damage, particularly in extreme weather conditions like freezing temperatures and acid rain. Damage to the coating will result in a loss of icephobic function and may lead to increased icing. Furthermore, it is imperative to incorporate sustainability into icephobic coatings as environmental consciousness grows. Herein, a vanillin-based icephobic coating with anti-extreme-environment self-healing was prepared by incorporating vanillin-based polyols into prepolymers terminated with isocyanates that include silicone oil. The coating exhibited low ice adhesion with a measurement of 8.8 kPa, which was mainly attributed to the hydrophobicity of PDMS and the hydrophobic and lubricating characteristics of silicone oil. Moreover, the coating's remarkable chemical stability and ability to resist fouling were due to its lubricating and hydrophobic properties. More importantly, the coating retains impressive self-healing abilities in extreme conditions (−20 °C, pH = 1, pH = 14) due to the multiple dynamic bonds within the coating and the water-repelling and plasticizing effects of silicone oil. The coating maintained its original hydrophobic characteristics and low ice adhesion strength even after several recycling and self-healing cycles, demonstrating remarkable lifespan and sustainability. This work facilitates meeting the need for anti-icing in outdoor areas, particularly in extremely cold, acidic, and alkaline conditions.

Wettability, droplet impact and anti-icing performance of micro-nano hierarchical structure on Ti6Al4V surface via integrating of chemical modification and laser-induced plasma micromachining

Superhydrophobic functional surfaces are widely used in medical treatment, pipeline transportation, and ship corrosion protection and have great potential in the field of anti-icing. Ultrafast laser-induced plasma micromachining (LIPMM) combined with a chemical modification of a fluoroalkyl low surface-energy substance (Novec) was used to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces with periodic layered micro-nano arrays on Ti6Al4V. The wettability, droplet collision behavior and wear resistance of surfaces with different physical and chemical properties were analyzed. In terms of static anti-icing, based on the classical nucleation theory, the icing-delay performance of different surfaces was analyzed. Ice adhesion strength and frosting properties were also studied. It was found that the micro-nano structure surface fabricated by LIPMM had strong hydrophobicity (contact angle of 164°, roll-off angle of 1.0°), high icing delay time (3072 s, 4 μL of water droplet on the surface at −10 °C), low ice adhesion strength (38.2 kPa), and better durability. Additionally, the droplets bounced off this surface after colliding at different angles (0°, 5°, 10°, and 20°). This study provides a feasible solution for fabricating anti-icing surfaces on Ti6A14V.

Comparison of Anti-Icing, Antifouling, and Anticorrosion Performances of the Superhydrophobic and Lubricant-Infused Coatings Based on a Hollow-Structured Kapok Fiber.

The superhydrophobic surface and slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS)/lubricant-infused surface (LIS) have attracted increasing attention owing to their multifunctionality. However, their practical applications face several problems such as complex and inefficient preparation technology, loss of lubricant, and fragile microstructures. Therefore, new strategies for preparing microstructures must be developed for constructing superhydrophobic and lubricant-infused coatings. Herein, a low-cost and high-efficiency method for developing superhydrophobic and lubricant-infused coatings based on in situ grown TiO2 on the surface of a hollow kapok fiber (KF) is reported. The anti-icing, antifouling, and anticorrosion performance of the superhydrophobic and lubricant-infused coatings are compared. The superhydrophobic coating reduces the formation and accumulation of ice. The lubricant-infused coating exhibits an extremely low ice adhesion strength and durable anti-icing properties. The superhydrophobic and lubricant-infused coatings show the outstanding antifouling property of diatom; the superhydrophobic surface exhibits superior stability over LIS without an external force field. The lubricant-infused coating shows excellent corrosion resistance and durability when immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The superhydrophobic coating loses its protection as a result of the corrosion media permeating the metal substrate via the electrolytic cell and coating interface, and the lubricant-infused coating provides lasting corrosion resistance because of the lubricant filling into the interface. Although the superhydrophobic coating is fragile and the lubricant-infused coating will lose lubricant, this simple and convenient approach can be repeated to keep the coatings active. This study provides new inspiration for the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces and LIS based on natural products.

A simple fabrication of liquid-like polydimethylsiloxane coating for resisting ice adhesion.

The rapid realization of efficient anti-icing coatings on diverse substrates is of vital value for practical applications. However, current approaches for rapid preparations of anti-icing coatings are still deficient regarding their surface universality and accessibility. Here, we report a simple processing approach to rapidly form icephobic liquid-like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brushes on various substrates, including metals, ceramics, glass, and plastics. A poly(dimethylsiloxane), trimethoxysilane is applied as a reactant under the catalysis of a minimal amount of acid formed by hydrolysis of dichlorodimethylsilane. With such an advantage, this approach is approved to be applicable of coating metal surfaces with less corrosion. The distinctive flexibility of the PDMS chains provides a liquid-like property to the coating showing low contact angle hysteresis and ice adhesion strength. Notably, the ice adhesion strength remains similar across a wide temperature window, from -70 to -10 °C, with a value of 18.4kPa. The PDMS brushes demonstrate perfect capability for resisting acid and alkali corrosions, ultra-violet degradation, and even tens of icing/deicing cycles. Moreover, the liquid-like coating can also form at supercooling conditions, such as -20 °C, and shows an outstanding anti-icing/deicing performance, which meets the in situ coating reformation requirement under extreme conditions when it is damaged. This instantly forming anti-icing material will benefit from resisting instantaneous ice accretion on surfaces under extremely cold conditions.

To be or not to be a hydrophobic matrix? the role of coating hydrophobicity on anti-icing behavior and ions mobility of ionic liquids

The demand for anti-icing coatings to endure extremely low temperatures is substantial. Despite the innovative pioneering research on the anti-icing potential of ionic liquids (ILs), the development of such coatings is still in its infancy. Our study investigates how matrix hydrophobicity influences mobility of ILs at subzero temperatures and, consequently, their anti-icing behavior. Wettability results highlight the key role of IL anion hydrophobicity. Dielectric spectroscopy distinguishes ion mobility in the coatings at low temperatures. We also investigate how varying crosslink density affects ion mobility by measuring the water absorbency. Higher mobility of released ILs from the coatings at subzero was confirmed by their presence in water solutions, validated with UV–vis spectroscopy, and resulted in increased ionic conductivity. Differential scanning calorimetry and experimental setups were employed to assess ice formation temperature, time, and ice adhesion strength. Notably, surfaces containing IL exhibited a remarkable reduction in ice formation temperature to –23.5 ℃ and achieved an exceptionally low ice adhesion strength (∼15 kPa), attributed to the formation of a quasi-liquid layer (QLL). Solid-state NMR spectroscopy provided confirmation of the existence of QLL at the interface. Ice adhesion strength of coatings was examined against accelerated weathering, icing/de-icing cycles, as well as endurance against frost formation under freeze–thaw. Our findings underscore the significance of selecting the right matrix with regards to hydrophobicity and ILs when designing coatings for subfreezing applications.

Phase change surfaces with porous metallic structures for long-term anti/de-icing application

HypothesisIce mitigation has received increasing attention due to the severe safety and economic threats of icing hazards to modern industries. Slippery icephobic surface is a potential ice mitigation approach due to its ultra-low ice adhesion strength, great humidity resistance, and effective delay of ice nucleation. However, this approach currently has limited practical applications because of serious liquid depletion in the icing/de-icing process. ExperimentsA new strategy of phase change materials (PCM)-impregnation porous metallic structures (PIPMSs) was proposed to develop phase changeable icephobic surfaces in this study, and aimed to solve the rapid depletion via the phase changeable interfacial interactions. FindingsEvaluation of surface icephobicity and interfacial analysis proved that the phase changeable surfaces (PIPMSs) worked as an effective and durable icephobic platform by significantly delaying ice nucleation, providing long-term humid tolerance, low ice adhesion strength of as-prepared samples (less than 5 kPa), and signally improved maintaining capacity of impregnated PCMs (less than 10 % depletion) after 50 icing/de-icing cycles. To explore the interfacial responses, phase change models consisting of the unfrozen quasi-liquid layer and solid lubricant layer at the ice/PIPMSs interfaces were established, and the involved icephobic mechanisms of PIPMSs were studied based on the analysis of interfacial interactions.

Preparation of superhydrophobic nanowires on polypropylene surface via injection compression molding for efficient fog collection.

In this work, a superhydrophobic polypropylene (PP) replica with nanowires is fabricated using an injection compression molding (ICM) process. The morphology, superhydrophobicity and fog water harvesting efficiency of the as-prepared PP replica surface are investigated. Morphological characterization indicates that the PP replica surface exhibits nanowires with intertwined tips. Compared to the untreated PP surface (referred to as the PP counterpart), the PP replica surface shows a higher contact angle (CA) and lower rolling angle (RA). Furthermore, the complete transfer of a water droplet with no volume loss from the PP replica surface to the filter paper shows that nanowires on the PP replica surface are responsible for the superhydrophobic and low-adhesive properties of the surface. The Cassie-Baxter state with a CA of ∼153°, low ice adhesion strength (13.3 kPa at -20 °C) and good fog water harvesting efficiency (∼7.26 g m-2 s-1) demonstrate that the prepared PP replica has economic potential for fog water harvesting applications.

Triple conversion strategy to build anti-de-icing sheets for the leading edge of the rotor blade

Aircraft anti-icing and de-icing, aimed at reducing energy consumption, is a compelling technology that enables a plethora of eco-friendly energy applications to overcome long-standing crisis challenges. In this study, we present a tri-conversion strategy, inspired by superhydrophobicity, photothermal conversion, and electrothermal conversion, to develop an all-weather, high-efficiency, and low-energy rotor leading edge anti-icing and de-icing patch. The experimental samples not only possess stable superhydrophobic photothermal conversion capabilities but also achieve a 610-second delay in droplet icing, a 1-second nitrogen blow for frost, and a low ice adhesion strength of 11.6 KPa. Under one sun illumination, it can achieve a stable 54-second static melt and 37-second dynamic melt. With a connection to a 24 V DC stabilized power supply, it showcases an excellent 146-second de-icing capability. The synergistic action of multiple barriers enhances the anti-icing and de-icing performance. This work not only provides rational design principles for high-energy consumption de-icing but also offers insights into harnessing the power of nature for photothermal conversion de-icing.

A Superhydrophobic Anti-Icing Surface with a Honeycomb Nanopore Structure

Recently, the icing disaster of transmission lines has been a serious threat to the safe operation of the power system. A superhydrophobic (SHP) anti-icing surface with a honeycomb nanopore structure was constructed using anodic oxidation technology combined with a vacuum infusion process. When the current density was 87.5 mA/cm2, the honeycomb porous surface had the best superhydrophobic performance (excellent water mobility), lowest ice-adhesion strength (0.7 kPa) and best anti-frosting performance. Compared with other types of alumina surfaces, the ice-adhesion strength of the SHP surface (87.5 mA/cm2) was only 0.2% of that of the bare surface. The frosting time of the SHP surface (87.5 mA/cm2) was 150 min, which was much slower. The former is attributed to the air cushion within the porous structure and the stress concentration, and the latter is attributed to the self-transition of the droplets and low solid–liquid heat transfer area. After 100 icing or frosting cycles, the SHP surface (87.5 mA/cm2) maintained a low ice-adhesion strength and superhydrophobic performance. This is because the anodic oxidation process forms a hard porous film, and the nano porous structure with a high aspect ratio can store modifiers to realize self-healing. The results indicate that the SHP surface with a honeycomb nanopore structure presents excellent anti-icing performance and durability.

Robust polyurea icephobic coatings with static large-scale de-icing and dynamic anti-icing performance

Ice accumulation significantly affects the operation of infrastructure and the safety of transportation. Passive icephobic materials utilize inherent properties to achieve anti-icing performance, which has the benefits of no energy consumption and environmental protection. However, their degraded robustness in harsh environments severely limits practical applications. It is still a challenge to prepare icephobic materials that maintain both icephobicity and robustness. In this study, we propose a rational strategy for revolutionarily achieving both icephobicity and robustness by adopting a combination of soft and hard segments impregnated with the lubricant agent. Based on the strategy, the polyurea icephobic coating (PUIC) developed by the NCO-terminated prepolymer, polyaspartic ester, and dimethyl silicone oil ensures rapid and nondamaging ice detachment on the interface (low ice adhesion strength ∼23.7 kPa) via the synergistic effects of hydrophobicity, elastic deformation, and interfacial slippage. In addition, the resulting PUIC can reserve icephobicity under not only continuous 5000 Taber abrasion cycles before the complete wearing off the coating, but also 50 icing/de-icing cycles, 72 h acid/alkali immersion, 72 h UV radiation, and 240 h neutral salt spray. Furthermore, the destroyed PUICs can be recovered by organic solvents and maintain excellent icephobicity. Together with icephobicity, robustness, and scalability, PUICs are effective in static large-scale de-icing and dynamic anti-icing, with broad prospects in practical applications.

Hard Epoxy Coating with Lasting Low Ice Adhesion Strength

Hard Epoxy Coating with Lasting Low Ice Adhesion Strength

Icephobic behavior of a slippery coating containing nanoporous particles as lubricant-loaded carriers

Lubricant-infused surfaces have received increased attention because of their icephobic characteristics. However, the rapid consumption of the lubricant negatively affects the life service of these surfaces. Here we introduced a novel icephobic strategy using the synergistic effect of combining three different anti-icing mechanisms, namely stress localization (matrix), slippery and the formation of unfrozen molecules. Therefore, we fabricated two lubricant-loaded carriers by incorporating silicone oil or hydroxyl‑terminated silicone oil within a hydrophobic nanoporous particles. Different quantities of lubricant-loaded carriers were then embedded into an alkoxysilane resin-dimethylpolysiloxane (PDMS) blend having optimized mechanical properties. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) method, we confirmed that both silicone oils were successfully loaded within the porous aerogels. However, the silicone oil–loaded carrier accommodated more lubricant within its structure than the hydroxyl‑terminated silicone oil, the coatings with hydroxyl‑terminated silicone oil exhibited a better anti-icing performance. This enhanced anti-icing property can be attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and the hydrophilic functional groups of the oil. These coatings also reduced ice accumulation on their surfaces. The coatings containing hydroxyl‑terminated silicone oil–loaded carriers had a lower ice adhesion strength regardless of their concentration in the filler relative to those containing the silicone oil–loaded carriers. An ice adhesion strength of 15.9 kPa was achieved using 15% hydroxyl‑terminated silicone oil–loaded carriers. Reduced ice adhesion in samples containing HTSO/A stems from producing localized stress (matrix), the slippery behavior of the surface and the formation of unfrozen molecules that are hydrogen-bonded with water molecules on their surfaces. The latter mechanism helps these coatings retain stable icephobic characteristics even after 20 icing/deicing cycles.