Lower Grade Students Research Articles

저학년용 AI 교육용 도서에 나타난 AI 내용 요소 분석과 비판적 고찰

In this study, we attempted to analyze the AI literacy content elements found in artificial intelligence textbooks, focusing on educational books for lower grades, and seek a direction for developing artificial intelligence educational books for lower grades through critical consideration. As a result of this study, it was found that there was some bias in the proportion of common areas of elementary school artificial intelligence education subjects shown in artificial intelligence literacy education books for lower grades. Elementary schools are places where basic artificial intelligence literacy education must be provided to school-age students entering the era of artificial intelligence. Students in lower grades must also receive appropriate artificial intelligence literacy education tailored to their grade level of development. Therefore, even if it is a somewhat difficult and unfamiliar concept or theory without bias in each area, teaching and learning materials that take into account the developmental characteristics of lower grades should be developed and actively reflected in the elementary school artificial intelligence education content system.

Analysis on Academic and Employment Cognitions of Students Majoring in Marketing at Ningde Normal University

The content of marketing major includes human resources, finance, sales, logistics and other management contents in the field of management, with some hybridity. Insufficient cognition on the major and one's own psychological characteristics affects the optimal allocation of time during college years, which in turn affects academic performance and employment. Through questionnaire surveys of current students and interviews of graduated students majoring in marketing at Ningde Normal University, this paper analyzes students' academic and employment cognitions. Some lower-grade students majoring in marketing have vague cognitions about their major. In addition to the unclear cognitions about the major, like students of other majors, a certain proportion of students also lack clear cognitions about their own psychological characteristics. After students start learning marketing, it is necessary to improve their cognitions about the major through various means. Offering career planning courses in the first semester enables students to cognize the major and themselves earlier, so that they can engage in purposeful learning and training during college, which is beneficial for their academic development and employment.

The Relationship Between Self-Directed Learning and Learning Motivation Towards Mathematics Achievement of Elementary School Students in SD Negeri 03 Karangasem

This research has the following objectives; 1) Knowing the relationship between independence and learning achievement of low grade students; 2) Knowing the learning motivation of low class students' learning achievement; 3) To find out the joint relationship between independence and learning motivation on the learning achievement of low grade students at SDN 03 Karangasem. This research uses quantitative descriptive research with a correlation design. The research sample consisted of 23 lower class students. The data collection technique uses a valid questionnaire. Test the prerequisites using the normality test and the Kolmogorov Smirnov linearity test. The simple linear regression hypothesis test uses the t test while the multiple regression test uses the F test. The research results show that; 1) There is a significant relationship between learning motivation and mathematics learning achievement of low class students with a significance value of 0.013 at a significance level of 0.05. 2) There is a significant relationship between learning independence and the mathematics learning achievement of low grade students with a significance value of 0.032 at the 0.05 significance level. 3) There is a relationship between learning motivation and learning independence on the mathematics learning achievement of low class students at SD Negeri 03 Karangasem with the F test results in hypothesis testing of 0.000 at a significance level of 0.05.

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika pada Materi Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan di MIs Yayasan Azis Al Akbar

Many students at Azis Al Akbar Elementary School are having trouble understanding addition and subtraction in basic arithmetic. This research aims to identify the difficulties in learning mathematics among lower-grade students. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive approach. The study subjects were 13 students, including 2 boys and 10 girls. Data was collected through interviews, tests, and document studies. The results showed that: 1) students' reading abilities are still lacking, making it difficult for them to understand, 2) difficulties in counting more than two digits are still low, 3) difficulties in understanding addition and subtraction operations, and 4) students' lack of interest in learning due to minimal parental encouragement. Based on these findings, the researcher hopes that teachers can teach and introduce addition and subtraction operations to students so that they can understand them.

Problematic of Low Class Students' Low Interest in Reading

This research aims to describe a literature review regarding the problem of low interest in reading among lower grade students . This research is a literature review. Data collection techniques were taken from various published articles and journals, both accredited and non-accredited. From the articles and journals that became references, there were 10 articles and journals that matched the title of the research. digital literacy needs to be considered in increasing interest read elementary school students. In the second journal, based on results study is known that in an effort to increase elementary school students' interest in reading, students should be given support so that the interest in reading emerges from themselves and introduced to reading materials so that students get used to reading, therefore the reading habits of students when they are in elementary school will foster a stronger interest in reading. high until the students grow up The articles used as reference material were published in 2014-2023. the Problem of Low Interest in Reading in Lower Class Students. Published articles and journals, both accredited and non-accredited, from the articles and journals that are references, there are 10 articles and journals that match the title of the research.Based on results study is known that low interest read because many factors and problems that occur with students class low.

A Study on the Correlation Between LIWC Word Categories and Chinese Composition Writing Performance of Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Grade Students

This study focuses on the analysis of the Chinese composition writing performance of fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students in 16 selected schools in Longhua District, Shenzhen during the spring semester of 2023. Using LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) as a text analysis tool, the study explores the impact of LIWC categories on writing performance which is scaled by score. The results show that the simple LIWC word categories have a significant positive influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students; while complex LIWC word categories have a significant negative influence on the composition scores of lower-grade students but a significant positive influence on the composition scores of higher-grade students. Process word categories have a positive influence on the composition scores of all three grades, but the impact of complex process word categories increases as the grade level rises.

The Role of Teachers in Increasing Low-Grade Students' Interest in Reading

Teachers are not only one of the key factors in developing students' interest in reading, but also must have the ability to adjust to the various characteristics of students to increase their enthusiasm for reading. The aim of this study is to explain the role of teachers in stimulating students' interest in reading as well as identifying factors that may hinder their interest in reading. The research design is qualitative collaborated with descriptive approach. Based on the results of research that has been obtained from the results of interviews and observations show that students ' interest in reading is still low. One of the reasons is the lack of motivation of students to read books. Many ways can be done by teachers so that students ' interest in reading increases. The role of teachers in increasing students ' interest in reading is as a creator, inspirer, facilitator, motivator.

Lintasan Belajar Pengelompokan Data Bagi Siswa Kelas I Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Pendekatan PMRI

Education in elementary schools has the aim of helping students understand problems in everyday life. The national education system states that education aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who have faith, noble character, health, knowledge and responsibility. In the context of mathematics education, the PMRI (Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education) approach is used to help students understand mathematical concepts through real experiences and the context of everyday life. The data grouping learning trajectory using the PMRI approach aims to help grade 1 elementary school students understand the concept of data grouping. The use of sorting and choosing props can also improve the learning outcomes of low grade students in sorting and selecting certain objects or concepts. The aim of this research is that it is hoped that students can learn more effectively through direct experience, visualization and physical movements involved in the sorting and choosing process. Data was collected through interviews and tests. Based on the results and discussion of the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the design of a data grouping learning trajectory for elementary school students using an Indonesian realistic mathematics education approach is theoretically able to provide a deeper understanding of data grouping for grade I elementary school students. With the principles in PMRI, students are given the opportunity to develop a conceptual understanding of data grouping with the help of the images provided.

An examination of the effects of family, school, and community resilience on high school students' resilience in China.

Resilience plays a pivotal role in shaping the academic accomplishments, psychological well-being, and future prospects of high school students. Despite its significance, there is a notable dearth of studies examining the current state and determinants of resilience among high school students in China. This research addresses this gap by assessing and exploring levels of resilience and their interconnections across four key domains-individual, family, school, and community-among Chinese high school students. The study also investigates variations in resilience based on factors such as gender, geographical location, and grade levels. A total of 667 high school students participated in the study, responding to four resilience scales. Chinese high school students exhibited generally low levels of resilience, with family resilience ranking the highest and community resilience the lowest. The study revealed that resilience is positively influenced by resilience levels in school, family, and community settings. Consequently, strategies aimed at fortifying resilience should prioritize interventions in familial, educational, and communal environments. Moreover, the research findings indicate noteworthy disparities in resilience among high school students based on gender, urban-rural divide, and grade levels. Female, urban, and lower-grade students displayed higher resilience compared to their male, rural, and higher-grade counterparts. This highlights the importance of focusing on resilience-building measures tailored to male, rural, and higher-grade high school students, given their increased likelihood of facing significant challenges and stressors in both academic and personal spheres. This study contributes to the broader understanding of resilience by investigating the correlations between individual, family, school, and community resilience among Chinese high school students. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance resilience, particularly in specific demographic groups, thereby advancing the efficacy of resilience-building techniques in high school settings.

A Study on the Influence of Learning Motivation on English Learning ---Taking Different Age Groups as an Example

In today's society, English has become the official language of the world and is spoken by an increasing number of people. China, which is the world's most populous country, has made English a requirement for both compulsory education and college entrance exams. Having a good grasp of English is a crucial skill for study, further education, work, and life. Studying how to learn English effectively is crucial, and motivation is a significant factor that influences whether English can be learned effectively. Therefore, this study will explore the influence of motivation on English learning based on three empirical studies investigating the motivation of different age groups to learn English. The findings indicate that students' motivations for learning English vary depending on their age group. For example, lower-grade students are primarily motivated to learn English by intrinsic motivation, which is easily influenced and controlled by their parents. As a result, teachers can encourage this intrinsic motivation in their students by using cartoon illustrations in their lessons or meta-linguistic strategies. Middle school students' English learning comes mainly from extrinsic motivation rather than spontaneous formation, which requires teachers to improve students' intrinsic motivation to enhance their confidence and help them understand their position in their future career development. For elderly people, teachers need to create a comfortable classroom atmosphere and organize diverse cooperative group learning activities to motivate them to learn English from intrinsic motivation.

The Relationship Between Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Psychological Health in Undergraduates During the Home Quarantine of COVID-19

The present study aimed to investigate self-reported sleep quality and psychological well-being, specifically anxiety, depression and stress, in undergraduate students during home quarantine. A total of 7,364 students participated and completed the PSQI and DASS-21 scales. The results showed that higher-grade students were more likely to have mental health problems compared to their lower-grade students. Additionally, male students reported better sleep quality than females, and high-grade students reported more sleep problems than low-grade students. Significant correlations were observed between PSQI scores and stress, anxiety and depression scores (r=0.469, 0.458, 0.408, p＜0.01). Specifically, the PSQI score explained 22.0%, 21.0% and 16.6% of the variance in stress, anxiety and depression scores respectively. In conclusion, gender and grade differences in sleep and mental health were evident, with female students reporting lower sleep quality than males, and high-grade students experiencing worse sleep quality and mental health than their low-grade students.

Peran Guru dalam Pembelajaran Membaca dan Menulis Siswa SD Kelas Rendah

This research was carried out at SDN 06 Rejang Lebong in the second semester. The problem identified in this research was the lack of reading and writing skills among lower class students. Aims to describe reading errors and writing difficulties in lower grade students and describe the role of teachers in improving reading and writing skills in elementary school students. Using a qualitative approach with the type of research being descriptive. The subjects of this research were the school principal, teacher council, and lower grade teacher. Data collection by observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis uses three stages consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Inspection or checking the validity of the data is carried out using technical triangulation and source triangulation. The results of the research show that the forms of reading errors in lower grade students are children's difficulty recognizing the letters of the alphabet, errors in reading each word, and errors in pronunciation of words and use of lip movements. Meanwhile, the forms of writing errors include errors in writing words or sentences and errors in writing numbers. The role of the teacher in improving the reading and writing skills of low grade students includes: (1) the teacher acts as a demonstrator in learning activities, (2) the teacher acts as a class manager, (3) the teacher acts as a learning mediator, (4) the teacher acts as a facilitator in learning (5) )teachers also act as motivators for students. Things that hinder teachers' efforts include student motivation, student interest in learning, students' seriousness in learning and teachers' learning methods that are still contextual, as well as things that support the teacher's role include adequate school facilities and support from the school principal in learning.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS ABOUT AIR IN EARLY SCINCE EDUCATION

Air is one of the first terms that students encounter in primary science classes. On the other hand, environmental problems of air pollution are present in the daily life of many people, and environmental awareness is developed and nurtured at all levels of education. Air is omnipresent in the lives of children from the earliest age, but due to its invisibility and intangibility, there are difficulties in understanding and adopting the concepts of air and its physical properties. Hence, these difficulties were the subject of this research. The aim of the research was to evaluate the level of adoption of teaching content about air among students in lower grades of primary schools, as well as, to assess whether and to what extent the teaching of the subjects The World Around Us and Nature and Society affects the development of concepts about air. 140 students of lower grades (I-IV) of two primary schools participated in the research. A knowledge test of twelve tasks related to scientific facts about air and its properties was applied. The obtained results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the level of adoption of tested scientific terms depending on the class (age), which points out to the conclusion that the process of developing certain scientific terms about air is insufficiently effective in the initial teaching of natural sciences. It is recommended to apply some innovative teaching models and strategies when processing teaching content about air, and to connect this content to everyday phenomena and students’ experiences as often as possible.

Pembelajaran Membaca dan Menulis Melalui Penggunaan Bahasa Ibu di SDN 153 Rejang Lebong

Student learning at this level is very important for reading and writing skills which are the driving force for research. Need for learning to read and write to students. are two abilities that must be taught. Lower grade students who learn in their native language usually show better learning outcomes. Purpose of this study was to identify barriers and challenges associated with reading and writing learning as well as the process of learning to read and write through mother tongue. Qualitative method descriptive instruments used interviews, observation, documentation. The results of the study, the first step in learning to read the mother tongue is to introduce letters of the alphabet, string words, read aloud, read sentences, read self-identity, and distinguish letters of the alphabet. Write alphabets, words, sentences, write self-identity, write the difference between capital and lowercase letters. Through asking and answering and interacting with friends, students understand what the teacher teaches, difficulty understanding letters, intellectual and environmental factors.

A Study on the Current Situation of English Learning Anxiety of English Majors

By using adapted FLCAS as a questionnaire among 100 English majors from four different grades of Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, this study investigated the current English learning anxiety situation, the difference between different grades of English majors and the reasons of it. The results show that English majors at Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai have moderate English learning anxiety and they are the most anxious at the aspect of communication apprehension. And for the English learning anxiety difference between two groups of participants, although high-grade students are slightly less anxious than low-grade students in communication apprehension, fear of negative evaluation, test anxiety and negative belief towards English, no significant difference between high grades and low grades is found. Based on these findings, this study provides some suggestions for future English learning and teaching for English majors.

Analysis of physical fitness in students: a comparative study based on social status

Background and Study Aim. Physical fitness serves as a significant indicator of an individual's health and overall well-being. This research aims to analyze students' physical fitness by conducting a comparative study based on social status. Physical fitness was measured as an indicator of students' health and well-being.Material and Methods. Quantitative descriptive research using survey method. This study involved low-grade students from two elementary schools, namely Mujahidin Elementary School and State Elementary School 16 Rasau Jaya, which have different social status. The sampling method used purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 40 students from each school. Physical fitness data collection was conducted using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test. Analysis was assisted using the SPSS 26 application.Results. The results showed a significance value of 0.538 > 0.05 that there was no significant difference in physical fitness between students from both schools based on social status. Although there were variations in the mean physical fitness scores, the differences did not reach the level of statistical significance.Conclusions. This study contributes to the understanding of physical fitness differences based on social status among low-grade students. The implications of the results of this study can be used for the development of more focused intervention programs to improve physical fitness, especially among students with economic and educational challenges.

미국 Title I 프로그램이 학생 성취에 미치는 효과

[Purpose] This paper aims to empirically investigate the impact of the federally funded Title I program on the performance of students from low-income families, as assessed through the state's own assessments. Additionally, the study seeks to discern the relative effectiveness of two specific program, namely the school-wide program and the targeted assistant program, to see which program is more effective.
 [Methods] To accomplish these objectives, the research leverages two national data sets from 2008-09 to 2013-14, sourced from the U.S. Department of Education's EDFacts and the National Center for Education Statistics' Common Core of Data. Employing fixed-effects and mixed-effects models with the school-level data, the study conducts a rigorous examination of the program's impact across various grade levels.
 [Results] The findings of this study reveal that the Title I program exerts substantially positive effects on academic outcomes of economically disadvantaged students in lower grades, with moderate positive effects observed in middle grades. However, no discernible impact is observed at the high school level. In terms of the specific program effects, lower grade levels exhibited higher achievement when implementing the “school-wide program”, whereas high schools showed lower achievement. Conversely, transitioning from the “targeted assistant program” to the “school-wide program” demonstrated positive effects only at the high school level.
 [Conclusion] The results of this study demonstrate the importance of prioritizing investments in early grades when providing educational services or support to students in need. As students progress to higher grades, there is a need to design and implement programs that are tailored to their levels and circumstances. Furthermore, in allocating education finances for low-income groups, prioritize elementary schools for 'whole-school programs,' and support high schools in developing the capacity to run comprehensive programs.

Analisis HOTS (High Order Thinking Skills) pada Soal Penilaian Akhir Semester (PAS) pada Siswa Kelas Rendah SDN Jatimurni V Kota Bekasi

Creative thinking is a high-level ability of students in mathematics. The purpose of this study is to find out more about the End of Semester Assessment (PAS) questions there are questions that refer to HOTS, analyze the assessment of students' understanding in low grades in solving HOTS-based problems, and analyze the influence of students in solving HOTS questions on low grade students, by analyzing HOTS questions on the End of Odd Semester Assessment of low grade students, namely in grade 3. This research uses Descriptive Qualitative methods. The results of the study From a total of 128 thematic questions, while the HOTS questions on the PAS were 31 questions. With a percentage of 24.2%, so that 91 questions are Low Order Thinking Skill (LOTS) based questions. While the analysis of the results of grade III students in solving High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions on odd Semester Final Assessment (PAS), namely with a percentage of 59.1%.

Interactive audio human organ model combined with team-based learning improves the motivation and performance of nursing students in learning anatomy and physiology.

Among the basic medical sciences, anatomy and physiology (anatomy & physiology) is a fundamental subject for students majoring in nursing. Due to its diversity and difficulty, nursing students experience stress when studying it. Previous graduates generally presented lower achievements in anatomy & physiology than in other nursing-related subjects in the National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurse, indicating that anatomy & physiology education requires improvement. Accordingly, we examined the impact of innovative teaching on students' motivation and performance when learning anatomy & physiology through a quasi-experimental pre-/post-test design. For innovative teaching, we used the novel interactive audio human organ model, followed by team-based learning. The participants were 200 lower-grade students in the nursing department of a junior college in Taiwan, divided into two groups receiving innovative teaching (experimental group) or traditional teaching (control group). Questionnaire surveys were administered, and the collected data were statistically analyzed. The innovative teaching in anatomy & physiology improved learning motivation, especially in terms of affect, executive volition, and learning performance. The essential components of learning motivation, such as value, expectation, affect, and executive volition, were positively correlated with the reaction levels of learning performance. Regarding the improvement in academic performance, the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. The use of innovative teaching in class enhances students' learning motivation and learning performance when studying anatomy & physiology. Interactive teaching aids enhance the enjoyment of learning anatomy & physiology while facilitating in-depth exploration of the human organs and systems.

The necessity for enhancing awareness of tuberculosis starting from the early college semesters: empirical evidence from a cross-sectional research.

College students, especially those in the lower grades, constitute the main high-risk population for tuberculosis (TB). Insufficient knowledge about TB among college students contributes to an increased risk of TB infection. In Zhejiang Province, China, limited research has been conducted recently on the awareness of TB in schools among college students. Therefore, this study aims to gain insight into TB knowledge among low-grade college students in Zhejiang Province and develop effective strategies for TB education targeted at this specific population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 1st and 20th May 2022 in 20 colleges in Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. The survey aimed to assess the level of TB awareness among 1st and 2nd-year college students. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the rates, while multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing the overall awareness level of students' regarding key knowledge about TB. A total of 4,414 lower-grade students participated in the study. The total awareness rate and entire awareness rate of key TB knowledge were 81.6 and 25.3%, respectively. Participants who demonstrated a relatively poor understanding of the definition were (51.0%), curable outcomes (75.7%), and preventive measures of TB (76.1%). Female participants [adjusted odds ratio (aOR):1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.25-1.65], medical students (aOR:2.00; 95%CI:1.63-2.64), had a high level of monthly expenditures (aOR:2.50; 95%CI:1.49-4.19), had prior TB health education (aOR:1.95; 95%CI:1.68-2.25) and previous exposure to TB patients (aOR:2.13; 95% CI:1.48-3.08) indicating a better level of awareness of key knowledge about TB. Among the students, 58.5% expressed their willingness to acquire TB knowledge through "broadcasting, television, films, and audiovisual materials." The total awareness rate of key knowledge among low-grade college students in Zhejiang did not meet the national requirements. To effectively prevent TB in schools, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of the disease among college students. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance TB awareness through theoretical and practical education, starting from the early semesters of college.