Lower Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Research Articles

Association between the oxidative balance score with metabolic syndrome traits in US adults

ObjectiveTo explore the association between the Oxidative Balance Score (OBS), which represents the balance of multiple oxidative stress-related dietary and lifestyle exposures, and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study design was adopted and 16,850 participants in NHANES database were included in the statistics analysis stage. The OBS was constructed by combining information from 20 a priori selected pro- and antioxidant factors. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to estimate the association between OBS and MetS.ResultsParticipants in the highest OBS quartile, indicating low oxidative stress (OS) levels, exhibited a significantly lower risk of MetS (odds Ratio [OR] = 0.55, 95% confidence Interval [CI]: 0.47–0.64) compared to the lowest quartile. Specifically, higher OBS was inversely associated with abdominal obesity (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.54–0.69), hypertension (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58–0.83), elevated triglycerides (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57–0.82), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.50–0.70) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62–0.88). The observed inverse association between OBS and hypertension or FBG levels appeared to primarily influenced by BMI. The association between dietary OBS intervals and elevated FBG levels was not statistically significant in men, whereas the risk was lower by 25% in women.ConclusionsA higher OBS, representing a balance of multiple oxidative stress-related dietary and lifestyle exposures, is associated with a lower risk of MetS. Therefore, adhering to an antioxidant diet and lifestyle may help prevent the occurrence of metabolic disorders.

Randomized trial of early exercise rehabilitation and its effects on patients with acute coronary syndrome

To assess the psychological and physiological benefits of early exercise rehabilitation in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Among 559 ACS-diagnosed patients at Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital from January to December 2021, 200 eligible participants were assigned to two groups. The control group received standard care, while the experimental group received early exercise rehabilitation in addition to standard care. The outcomes measured included changes in depression levels (PHQ-9), fasting blood glucose, and troponin I (TnI) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with t tests and chi-square tests for group comparisons. In comparison to the control group, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in PHQ-9 scores (P < 0.001) and lower fasting blood glucose levels before discharge (P = 0.046). Additionally, the experimental group had notably reduced TnI levels at 72 h after admission (P = 0.001), especially among non-diabetic NSTEMI patients over 60 years old, who showed decreased TnI levels at the 48-hour mark (P = 0.016). However, there were no significant differences in NT-ProBNP change values between the two groups (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed enhanced outcomes in the intervention group for ACS patients without smoking or drinking history and no heart failure (P = 0.025,P = 0.014,P = 0.018). Early exercise rehabilitation has notable benefits for ACS patients, including reduced depression, improved blood glucose control, and enhanced myocardial protection, especially in nondiabetic NSTEMI patients aged 60 and above.

In vivo functional profiling and structural characterisation of the human Glp1r A316T variant.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are a highly effective therapy class for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, yet there are variable patient responses. Variation in the human Glp1r gene leading to altered receptor structure, signal transduction, and function might be directly linked to therapeutic responses in patients. A naturally occurring, low-frequency, gain-of-function missense variant, rs10305492 G>A (A316T), protects against T2D and cardiovascular disease. Here we employ CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate a humanised knock-in mouse model bearing the homozygous Glp1r A316T substitution. Human Glp1r A316T/A316T mice displayed lower fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance, as well as increased plasma insulin levels and insulin secretion responses, even under metabolic stress. They also exhibited alterations in islet cytoarchitecture and β-cell identity indicative of compensatory mechanisms under a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet challenge. Across all models investigated, the human Glp1r A316T variant exhibited characteristics of constitutive activation but blunted incretin-induced responses. Our results are further supported by cryo-EM analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the GLP-1R A316T structure, demonstrating that the A316T Glp1r variant governs basal receptor activity and pharmacological responses to GLP-1R-targeting anti-diabetic therapies, highlighting the importance of the precise molecular characterisation of human Glp1r variants to predict individual therapy responses.

Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Anisopus mannii Leaves on Blood Glucose and Organ Weights of Wistar Rats with Alloxan Induced-Diabetes

This study looked at the impact of Anisopus mannii methanolic leaf extract on Wistar rats’ organ weights and alloxan-induced diabetes. For this investigation, a total of 20 male Wistar (albino) rats weighing between 80 and 150 g were used. Four groups of rats were randomly assigned. 1: Normal control; 2: Negative control; 3: Positive control (treated alloxan induced-diabetic with 5 mg/kg metformin); 4: alloxan induced-diabetic treated with 200 mg/kg of methanolic A. mannii leaf extract. The findings of the study show there was a significant difference in the blood glucose levels between the diabetic rats treated with metformin and the diabetic rats treated with A. mannii methanolic leaves extract on days 7 and no significant difference in day 14. The fasting blood glucose level in the diabetic rats treated with A. mannii on day 7 reduced from 167.00±19.76 mg/dL to 88.08±11.78 mg/dL on day 14. the liver weights (3.69±0.21 g) of the diabetic rats treated with the extract were significantly lower than those of the diabetic rats treated with metformin (4.86±0.16 g), and it was also within the weight for normal control which were non-diabetic (3.93±0.29 g). The kidney weights of the diabetic rats treated with the extract (1.13±0.18 g) were significantly higher than those of the diabetic rats treated with metformin (0.96±0.03 g). This work unequivocally shows that, in rats given alloxan to produce diabetes, A. mannii extract was able to substantially lower fasting blood glucose levels and shield the kidneys and liver from harm in just two weeks..

Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Alterations in Overweight or Obese Adult Population after Weight-Loss Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Probiotics, known for regulating gut microbiota, may aid those with overweight or obesity, but their mechanisms require more research. This study involved 75 overweight or obese young adults, randomly assigned to either a Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 (BBr60) group or a placebo group. Both groups received diet guidance and took either BBr60 (1 × 1010 CFU/day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Researchers analyzed body composition, serum glucose, lipids, liver and kidney function, comprehensive metabolome, and intestinal homeostasis before and after the intervention. After 12 weeks, BBr60 significantly reduced weight and BMI compared to pretreatment levels and outperformed the placebo. The BBr60 group also showed improved blood biochemistry, with notably lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels than the placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally, BBr60 influenced vital serum and fecal metabolites related to three amino acid metabolic pathways and regulated the bacteria Dialister, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides, which correlated strongly with serum metabolites. These findings indicate that BBr60 can safely and effectively regulate BMI, body weight, serum glucose, lipids, and liver function markers, which may involve BBr60's impact on key gut bacteria, which influence metabolites related to the valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.

The effect of empagliflozin (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor) on osteoporosis and glycemic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes: a quasi-experimental study.

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a metabolic disease that occurs in patients with diabetes due to insufficient insulin secretion. This condition can lead to sensory neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and hypoglycemic events, which can increase the risk of fractures. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, in treating diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) and preventing fractures. This quasi-experimental study enrolled 100 patients with diabetic osteoporosis from February 2023 to February 2024. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50). The intervention group received Empagliflozin in combination with symptomatic treatment, while the control group received only symptomatic treatment. The treatment duration was six months. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c), bone mineral density (BMD), serum phosphorus and calcium concentration were measured after the intervention and the incidence of fracture was followed up for 12 months. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentage) and analytical methods (t test, Chi square) were also used to analyze the data. After six months of treatment, the intervention group exhibited significantly lower levels of FBG (P < 0.001), 2h-PG (P = 0.001), and HbA1c (P < 0.001) than the control group. Additionally, bone mineral density, serum phosphorus, and calcium levels were significantly higher in the intervention group (P < 0.001). After a 12-months follow-up, the incidence of fractures in the intervention group was 2%, while it was 16.33% in the control group (P < 0.05). Empagliflozin, when combined with symptomatic treatment, demonstrates a positive clinical effect in patients with diabetic osteoporosis. The treatment effectively improves blood glucose metabolism, bone mineral density, and phosphorus and calcium metabolism, ultimately leading to a significant reduction in the incidence of fracture.

Metabolomics Revealed the Effects of Momordica charantia L. Saponins on Diabetic Hyperglycemia and Wound Healing in Mice.

Momordica charantia L. saponins (MCS) may promote wound-healing properties but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects and mechanisms of MCS on diabetic wounds. The results have shown that higher MCS intake lowered fasting blood glucose levels, serum lipids, and lipopolysaccharides in diabetic mice. MCS-treated diabetic mice exhibited faster wound healing than the diabetic control groups. After three days, the diabetic control groups exhibited a wound area reduction of only 19.3%, while a 39.75% reduction was observed following high-dose MCS treatment. Five potential biomarkers were screened in the metabolomics study. The results revealed that MCS mainly regulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and the Krebs cycle, thus affecting wound healing. Overall, MCS could not only exert a hypoglycemic effect but also promote diabetic wound healing, making it a potential treatment option for diabetes-related wounds.

Long-term high-intensity interval training reduces blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

This study aimed to demonstrate the long-term effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on reducing blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research employs a preexperimental design with a one-group pretest‒posttest design. A total of 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 40–60 years, participated in the study and received the HIIT intervention three times per week for eight weeks. Data collection involved measuring fasting blood glucose levels before and after the HIIT intervention via the ONE TOUCH™ BASIC™ Plus Meter. Data analysis was conducted via paired sample t tests with a significance level of 5%, and the effect size was evaluated via Cohen's d. Paired sample t test analysis between pre-HIIT and post-HIIT blood glucose levels (181.50±17.85 mg/dL to 99.50±8.26 mg/dL, p ≤ 0.001) revealed a significant reduction, with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 5.896). This study confirms that long-term high-intensity interval training is effective in lowering fasting blood glucose levels to normal ranges in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Blood glucose, HIIT, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes patients

Mechanism of Takifugu bimaculatus Skin Peptides in Alleviating Hyperglycemia in Rats with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Based on Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses.

In this study, we aimed to explore the hypoglycemic effects of a hydrolysate on Takifugu bimaculatus skin (TBSH). The effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities from different TBSH fractions was investigated on basic indexes, gut hormones, blood lipid indexes, viscera, and the gut microbiota and its metabolites in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results showed that the <1 kDa peptide fraction from TBSH (TBP) exhibited a more potent DPP-IV inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.45 ± 0.01 mg/mL). T2DM rats were induced with streptozocin, followed by the administration of TBP. The 200 mg/kg TBP mitigated weight loss, lowered fasting blood glucose levels, and increased insulin secretion by 20.47%, 25.23%, and 34.55%, respectively, rectified irregular hormonal fluctuations, lipid metabolism, and tissue injuries, and effectively remedied gut microbiota imbalance. In conclusion, TBP exerts a hypoglycemic effect in rats with T2DM. This study offers the potential to develop nutritional supplements to treat T2DM and further promote the high-value utilization of processing byproducts from T. bimaculatus. It will provide information for developing nutritional supplements to treat T2DM and further promote the high-value utilization of processing byproducts from T. bimaculatus.

Transcriptional regulation of multi-tissue mRNA expression by L-arabinose mitigates metabolic disorders in leptin receptor-deficient mice

L-arabinose, a sugar substitute, exhibits anti-diabetic effects due to its lower caloric content than conventional sugar. However, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms underlying its organ-to-organ interactions remain elusive in transgenic mouse models. Therefore, we investigated these anti-diabetic effects using mRNA sequencing analysis across multiple tissues. We used leptin receptor-deficient mice subjected to a normal diet with sucrose (SUC), SUC supplemented with erythritol (ERY), and SUC supplemented with L-arabinose (ARA) for 16 weeks. Prolonged supplementation with L-arabinose significantly lowered fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR levels, improved glucose tolerance, and markedly reduced body fat in the leptin receptor-deficient mice without affecting food and energy intake. The ARA group exhibited decreased activities of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK, G6Pase) and increased glycolytic enzyme activity, signifying enhanced insulin sensitivity. Additionally, significant alterations in gene expression related to fatty acid metabolism and insulin resistance were observed, including a notable increase in the transcription of genes essential for fatty acid oxidation. L-arabinose supplementation also led to improved myogenesis and a reduction in chronic inflammation, indicating potential efficacy in mitigating diabetic sarcopenia. Overall, this study positions L-arabinose supplementation as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing insulin resistance and its associated complications, meriting further investigation into its role in diabetes management.

Optimal hyperglycemia thresholds in patients undergoing chemotherapy: a cross sectional study of oncologists’ practices

PurposeNeither the United States nor the European oncology guidelines include details for appropriate management of hyperglycemia in cancer patients. The aim was to identify fasting and random blood glucose thresholds, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets used by oncologists in clinical practice when managing hyperglycemia in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsThis national, cross sectional study utilized a questionnaire to collect oncologists’ perceptions about optimal blood glucose thresholds and HbA1c targets in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize glucose thresholds, HbA1c targets, and sample characteristics. Responses to an open-ended question about oncologists’ approach to hyperglycemia management were analyzed via thematic analysis using an inductive approach.ResultsRespondents (n = 229) were on average 52.1 years of age, 67.7% men, and 91.3% White. For patients without diabetes but experiencing hyperglycemia, oncologists targeted lower and upper fasting blood glucose levels between 75-121 mg/dL and 105-135 mg/dL, respectively. For patients with diabetes, the targets for lower and upper fasting blood glucose levels ranged between 100-130 mg/dL and 128-150 mg/dL, respectively. Fasting blood glucose (95.6%) and HbA1c (78.6%) were the most commonly used clinical indicators to consider chemotherapy dose reduction, delay, or discontinuation due to hyperglycemia in patients receiving chemotherapy with curative intent. Among those receiving palliative intent chemotherapy, the preferred clinical parameters were random blood glucose (90.0%), patient-reported blood glucose readings (70.7%), continuous glucose monitoring readings (65.1%), and patient-reported symptoms of hyperglycemia (65.1%). Three main themes emerged about oncologists’ approach to hyperglycemia management: 1) identification of high-risk patients; 2) need for early identification, screening, and diagnosis of hyperglycemia; and 3) multiple hyperglycemia management strategies.ConclusionOncologists reported a wide variation of target blood glucose ranges considered appropriate in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Lack of clear guidance for hyperglycemia management during chemotherapy in the United States may be contributing to a lack of consistency in clinical practice.

Ameliorative Effect of Justicia carnea Methanol Leaf Extract against Nephrotoxicity in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

This study investigated the antioxidant capabilities of methanol extract from Justicia carnea leaves in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats, emphasizing its nephroprotective potential. Thirty-six (36) Wistar albino rats were randomized into six (6) groups (n=6/group). Group 1 served as the normal control, while groups 2-6 were induced with diabetes using 50 mg/kg of STZ intraperitoneally. Group 2 remained untreated, group 3 received 50 mg/kg body weight of Metformin, and groups 4, 5, and 6 were administered 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg body weight of the methanol Justicia carnea extract, respectively. Parameters assessed included fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight changes, acute toxicity, and oxidative stress markers. Acute toxicity testing indicated no deaths at 5000 mg/kg of the extract. The extract significantly lowered FBG levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats (p &lt; 0.05). The control group exhibited the highest weight gain compared to the treated groups (p &lt; 0.05). Treatment with the extract notably increased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels, while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (p &lt; 0.05) compared to diabetic controls. Overall, the methanol extract of Justicia carnea ameliorated oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic Wistar rats, suggesting its potential to mitigate nephrotoxicity associated with type I diabetes-induced kidney damage. These findings underscore its therapeutic promise in combating oxidative stress-related complications of diabetes.

Effects of Herbal Tea (Non-Camellia sinensis) on Glucose Homeostasis and Serum Lipids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia increase the risk for diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. Identification of safe and cost-effective means to reduce risk factors is needed. Herbal teas may be a vehicle to deliver antioxidants and polyphenols for prevention of complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate and summarize the impact of herbal tea (non-Camellia sinensis) on glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). PubMed, FSTA, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception through February 2023 using relevant keyword proxy terms for diabetes, serum lipids, and "non-Camellia sinensis" or "tea." Data from 14 randomized controlled trials, totaling 551 participants, were included in the meta-analysis of glycemic and serum lipid profile end points. Meta-analysis suggested a significant association between drinking herbal tea (prepared with 2-20 g d-1 plant ingredients) and reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P = .0034) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P = .045). In subgroup analysis based on studies using water or placebo as the control, significant reductions were found in serum total cholesterol (TC; P = .024), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; P = .037), and triglyceride (TG; P = .043) levels with a medium effect size. Meta-regression analysis suggested that study characteristics, including the ratio of male participants, trial duration, and region, were significant sources of FBG and HbA1c effect size heterogeneity; type of control intervention was a significant source of TC and LDL-C effect size heterogeneity. Herbal tea consumption significantly affected glycemic profiles in individuals with T2D, lowering FBG levels and HbA1c. Significance was seen in improved lipid profiles (TC, TG, and LDL-C levels) through herbal tea treatments when water or placebo was the control. This suggests water or placebo may be a more suitable control when examining antidiabetic properties of beverages. Additional research is needed to corroborate these findings, given the limited number of studies.

Low molecular weight chitosan (∼20 kDa) exhibits in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effects through AKT/PI3K/FOXO pathway

Diabetes, a metabolic syndrome, is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. Dietary polysaccharide intervention besides medication, helps in diabetes through managing blood glucose levels. The present study elucidates the anti-hyperglycemic mechanism of water-soluble LMWC (∼20 kDa), the chitosan derivative, in type-1 diabetic (T1DM) male Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 36 mg/kg b.w.). LMWC1 (100 mg/kg b.w.) and LMWC2 (250 mg/kg b.w.) were administered orally on alternative days for 4 weeks. LMWC lowered fasting blood glucose levels and improved symptoms like polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, and serum insulin levels in a dose-dependent manner. It also ameliorated hyperglycemia & dyslipidemia by mitigating the levels of pro-inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels in the pancreas and liver. Additionally, LMWC increased the activity of key proteins involved in insulin signaling in these organs through the AKT/PI3K/FOXO pathway, enhancing insulin secretion and improving glucose metabolism in T1DM rats. This contributed to improved hepatic glycogen synthesis and suppression of gluconeogenesis in T1DM rats. In summary, LMWC could be an effective antidiabetic supplement, offering insights into dietary treatment for diabetes management.

Effect of nutrition education on serological variables of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited Clinic Warri, Delta State Nigeria

Background: The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus around the world appears as dramatic as to have been characterized as an epidemic. Diabetes mellitus causes prolonged ill-health, imposes morbidity and mortality risks, and necessitates a change in lifestyle, with a meticulous daily routine and long-term self-care. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of nutrition education on serological variables of the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methodology: Two Hundred and Thirty (230) out of 258 subjects who participated in the longitudinal study were confirmed Type 2 diabetics. One hundred and Fifty (150) subjects were grouped into education group and Eighty (80) subjects into control group. Information on socio-demographic, life-style characteristics, and management regimens of the diabetes were collected using structured, validated and pretested questionnaire. Subject’s serological variables such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), 2-hours post prandial and fasting lipid profile were collected. Nutrition education was instituted and was performed in a group of 15 patients per session in 2 hours. Results: Most of the subjects (70.0%) in the education group at baseline had elevated HbA1c with a mean baseline HbA1c level of 8.08+1.88%. While most of the subjects (65.00%) in the control group at baseline had normal HbA1c with a mean baseline glycated hemoglobin level of 7.01+1.86%. However, there was a significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in the mean and percentage number of HbA1c of the subjects in education and control group. Only 6.7% of the subjects had low Fasting Blood Glucose (&lt;4.2mmol/l), 58.0% had high Fasting Blood Glucose (&gt;7.0mmol/l) and 35.3% had normal Fasting Blood Glucose (4.2-5.9mmol/l). After three months follow up, the number of subjects who had normal FBG increased from 35.3% to 54.7%, the low FBG levels increased from 6.5% to 10.0% but high Fasting Blood Glucose levels reduced from 58.0% to 35.3%. Conclusion: There was significant reduction in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) of the subjects after nutrition education and follow up, indicating that nutrition education and follow up has positive impact the serological variables of the subjects who are diabetics.

Effect and mechanism of GPR75 in metabolic dysfunction-related steatosis liver disease.

Research on G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) in metabolic dysfunction-related steatosis liver disease (MASLD) reveals its potential role in regulating body weight and energy balance. Loss-of-function mutations in the GPR75 gene are significantly associated with lower body mass index and reduced body weight. Studies demonstrate that GPR75 knockout mice exhibit lower fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose homeostasis, and significant prevention of high-fat diet-induced MASLD. The absence of GPR75 reduces fat accumulation by beneficially altering energy balance rather than restricting adipose tissue expansion. Moreover, female GPR75 knockout mice show greater protection against lipid accumulation on a high-fat diet compared to males, potentially attributed to higher physical activity and energy expenditure. However, current research primarily relies on mouse models, and its applicability to humans requires further validation. Future studies should explore the role of GPR75 across diverse populations, its clinical potential, and delve into its specific mechanisms and interactions with other metabolic pathways. Ultimately, targeted therapies based on GPR75 could offer novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of MASLD and other metabolic disorders.

A randomized, double-blind clinical trial of poly-herbal traditional decoction for the management of type 2 diabetes in comparison with standard Western treatments

Abstract Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) known as Mathumegam is a significant health concern in the twenty-first century. Despite great advances in contemporary science, there is a lack of moderately safe and effective drugs for treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a poly herbal traditional decoction containing 10 herbs such as Senna auriculata (root &amp; bark), Cissampelos pareira (root), Ficus racemosa (bark), Terminalia arjuna (bark), Acacia arabica (bark), Syzygium cumini (bark), Curcuma longa (rhizome), Terminalia chebula (fruit pulp), Phyllanthus emblica (dry fruit), and Terminalia bellirica (fruit pulp) in the management of T2DM. Materials and Methods: It was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 100 T2DM patients who were not well managed by diet or exercise. For a period of 12 weeks, 50 patients in group A were administered 5g of the test medication mixed with 100ml (one tumbler) of hot water for 10 to 15 min, as well as standard Western therapy. Group B patients (n=50) received a placebo in addition to normal Western therapy. The main focus of the study was to achieve a 3-month decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels from the starting point, with additional objectives including lowering fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and observing changes in diabetic symptoms. Results: At the end of the trial, mean fasting blood glucose levels decreased to 119.04 ± 11.52 and 176.90 ± 13.91 mg/dL in the test and control groups, respectively. Group A showed a more significant decrease in mean fasting blood glucose levels compared to group B. This indicates that the daily use of poly herbal traditional decoction along with standard allopathic medical therapy for 3 months led to notable reductions in FBG levels. Similarly, group A showed greater improvement in the measured signs and symptoms of diabetes, such as polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weariness, and burning sensation in the hands and feet compared to group B throughout the trial. At baseline, the mean HbA1c (%) in group A and group B was 7.47 ± 0.70 and 7.39 ± 0.66, respectively. After 12 weeks of investigation, the levels of glycated hemoglobin were lowered to 5.03 ± 0.53 and 6.79 ± 0.51 respectively. There were no adverse events reported during the trial period. Conclusion: This study found that the experimental medication was beneficial in T2DM, radically lowering FBG and HbA1c levels in diabetic individuals after 12 weeks of treatment.

Evaluation of Effect of Montelukast in the Model of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats.

Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive condition and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in its pathogenesis. In pre-clinical studies, Montelukast had shown renoprotective and anti-oxidant properties, hence the study was planned to evaluate the effect of Montelukast in a Streptozotocin (STZ) induced model of diabetic nephropathy. 40 Wistar rats of either sex were randomly divided into four groups viz. 1. Vehicle control group, 2. Enalapril (5 mg/kg), 3. Montelukast low-dose (10 mg/kg) and 4. High-dose (20 mg/kg) group. On day 1, diabetes was induced using a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Diabetes induction was verified based on fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels on day 7 and from day 8 to day 42, rats were given study drugs. FBG, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine microalbumin levels were assessed pre-study and post-study. Assessments of kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and renal histopathology were carried out at the end of the study. Montelukast 10 mg/kg group showed significantly lower urine microalbumin levels compared to the vehicle control group (p < 0.05). Montelukast 20 mg/kg group showed significantly lower levels of FBG, serum creatinine, BUN and urine microalbumin compared to the vehicle control group (p < 0.05). In addition, Montelukast 20 mg/kg group also showed better effects on kidney MDA and GSH levels (p < 0.05) and histopathological scores compared to the vehicle control group. Montelukast showed a protective effect in the model of diabetic nephropathy because of its antioxidant effect.

Apigenin analogs as α-glucosidase inhibitors with antidiabetic activity

This study investigated the inhibitory potential of a series of synthesized compounds (L1-L27) on α-glucosidase. Among them, compound L22 showed significant inhibitory effect. Through enzymatic kinetics studies, we demonstrated that L22 acts via a non-competitive inhibition mode with a Ki value of 2.61 μM, highlighting its high affinity for the enzyme. Molecular docking studies revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds between L22 and α-glucosidase and diverse interactions with neighboring amino acid residues. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the L22-α-glucosidase complex. In a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, treatment with L22 significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels, and reduced insulin resistance, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, L22 showed a protective effect against oxidative stress in the liver and alleviated liver and pancreatic abnormalities. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanism of action of L22 and its potential applications to treat type 2 diabetes, and improve liver health.

The impact of Jussiaea repens aqueous extract on Hyperglycemic and Hematological markers in Diabetic male rat induced by Streptozotocin

In diabetic rats, the hypoglycemic potential of an aqueous extract of Jussiaea repens (50mg/100gm body weight) was examined. The herbal extract's impact on a number of hematological indicators was also studied. Eighteen albino rats, each contain 6 rats, were placed into three groups: vehicle control, diabetes control, and supplemented group. To develop diabetes, a single i.p injection of STZ (80mg/kg body weight) was given. Hematological markers include hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as blood glucose levels and HbA1c were assessed. STZ-induced diabetic rats fed the extract had lower fasting blood glucose levels, which was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). The HbA1c level in the diabetic control group increased drastically, but the level in the extract-treated supplemented group reduced significantly. Hb, PCV, RBC, and WBC as well as their differentials, were significantly reduced in diabetic control rats, whereas the supplemented group recovered significantly.. These findings imply that the aqueous extract of Jussiaea repens has hypoglycemic action and overcomes the abnormalities in STZ-induced diabetic rats' blood parameters.