Lower Coke Deposition Research Articles

Boosting selectivity and stability on Pt/BN catalysts for propane dehydrogenation via calcination & reduction-mediated strong metal-support interaction

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) provides an alternative route for producing propylene. Herein, we demonstrates that h-BN is a promising support of Pt-based catalysts for PDH. The Pt catalysts supported on h-BN were prepared by an impregnation method using Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 as metal precursors. It has been found that the Pt/BN catalyst undergoing calcination and reduction is highly stable in both PDH reaction and coke-burning regeneration, together with low coke deposition and outstanding propylene selectivity (99%). Detailed characterizations reveal that the high coke resistance and high propylene selectivity of the Pt/BN catalyst are derived not only from the absence of acidity on BN support, but also from the calcination-induced and reduction-adjusted strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between Pt and BN, which causes the partial encapsulation of Pt particles by BOx overlayers. The BOx overlayers can block the low-coordinated Pt sites and constrain Pt particles into smaller ensembles, suppressing side reactions such as cracking and deep dehydrogenation. Moreover, the BOx overlayers can effectively inhibit Pt sintering by the spatial isolation of Pt during periodic reaction-regeneration cycles. In this work, the catalyst support for PDH is expanded to nonoxide BN, and the understanding of SMSI between Pt and BN will provide rational design strategy for BN-based catalysts.

Highly active Nd-promoted Ni@Al2O3 core-shell catalyst for steam reforming of acetic acid: Insights of the remarkable coke resistance

Aiming at enhancing the coke resistance of Ni-based catalysts, the Nd-doped Ni@A2O3 core-shell catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performance was evaluated in the steam reforming of acetic acid (SRAA). The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, XRF, HRTEM, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and DTG. The catalytic performance was greatly enhanced by the incorporation of Nd, with decreased yields of CO, CH4, and acetone, increased yield of CO2, and remarkable carbon resistance. The decoking behavior of the spent catalyst was elucidated by H2O18-TSD. A low reaction temperature facilitates the formation of amorphous carbon, leading to catalyst deactivation. The decoking ability of the catalyst is greatly improved by the Nd incorporation but is also catalyzed by the exposed Ni surface. The Ni0.01Nd@Al catalyst greatly balanced the exposed Ni surface and the mobile lattice oxygen, showing the highest catalytic activity, lowest coke deposition, and superb decoking ability.

Insights into Ni and (Ce)SBA-15-CTA interaction and syngas formation rate

• A low initial activation reaction temperature of CH 4 and CO 2 at a high syngas formation rate was verified via TPSR analysis. • XANES analysis confirmed CeO 2 plays a key role in regulating the valence state of Ni species and stabilizing their metallic state. • Ni/30CeO 2 -SBA-15-CTA gave low coke deposition rate at 4.9% over 12 h dry reforming reaction at 700 °C. Our SBA-15-CTA mesoporous materials developed in citric acid (CTA), instead of traditional HCl intermediate, were used to support CeO 2 doped nickel catalysts in methane dry reforming reaction. Results revealed that SBA-15-CTA had a high capacity for hosting CeO 2 (up to 30 wt.%), which had strong interaction with Ni species, leading to a high reduction temperature of NiO at 442 °C. XANES analysis verified that Ni species were much more stable over Ce doped SBA-15-CTA than un-doped ones, which helped the Ni species maintain their metallic state. As demonstrated through TPSR analysis, CH 4 and CO 2 was converted to syngas at a high rate at a low initiation temperature over Ce doped Ni/SBA-15-CTA catalysts. Despite both catalysts having similar performance, Ni/30CeO 2 -SBA-15-CTA yielded a much lower coke deposition rate (4.9% vs 22.4% on Ni/10CeO 2 -SBA-15-CTA). A desirable endurance to metal sintering and carbon elimination rate was achieved over 5Ni/15CeO 2 -SBA-15-CTA catalyst, owing to the high concentration of oxygen vacancy coupled with the high amount of Ce 3+ . CeO 2 played a key role in regulating valence states and stabilizing the metallic state of Ni species over Ni/SBA-15-CTA catalyst, with a narrow Ni particle size distribution.

Synthesis of a new self-supported Mgy(CuxNi0.6-xMn0.4)1-yFe2O4 oxygen carrier for chemical looping steam methane reforming process

Novel self-supported Mgy(CuxNi0.6-xMn0.4)1-yFe2O4 with (y = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and x = 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6) oxygen carriers (OCs) are synthesized through the co-precipitation method. The synthesized OCs’ properties are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The synthesized OCs are assessed in Chemical Looping Steam Methane Reforming (CL-SMR) process subject to different mesh sizes, reaction temperatures, Steam/Carbon (S/C) molar ratios, Mg concentrations, and Cu and Ni concentrations. The characterization of the OCs and process results indicate the contributive effect of Mg incorporation on the CuxNi0.6-xMn0.4Fe2O4 support structure. The redox results reveal that Mg0.1(Cu0.3Ni0.3Mn0.4)0.9Fe2O4 OC is of the highest activity, even at low reduction temperatures. This OC exhibits the highest activity and stability with lowest coke deposition during 24 redox cycles at 650 °C and S/C = 2.5. The highest CH4 conversion of about 99.4% and H2 yield of about 84.4% are obtained.

One-pot microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of Ni-Al2O3 nanocatalysts for hydrogen production via dry reforming of methane

Ni-based catalysts supported on Al2O3 were obtained via a simple, low cost and fast one-pot microwave-assisted combustion synthesis. The effect of fuel content (urea) was investigate. It was observed that the fuel ratio greatly influences the catalysts properties and performance. The results showed that the catalyst synthesized with low fuel content (Ni-LU) presented high specific surface area (265 m2/g), high degree of reduction and smaller nanometric Ni particles (~15 nm). In addition, the catalytic tests carried out at 700 °C for 20 h (GHSV = 72 Lh−1g−1) revealed high activity with low coke deposition. Further investigations were conducted on Ni-LU catalyst in order to better understand its catalytic properties. In-situ X-ray diffraction analysis (using synchrotron radiation) was used to evaluate the Ni particle size during the DRM, and indicated the sintering of Ni particles during the first hour of catalytic reaction. Furthermore, small amount of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with Ni particles encapsulated were observed by TEM analysis.

Adjusting Process Variables in Methane Tri-reforming to Achieve Suitable Syngas Quality and Low Coke Deposition

Tri-reforming of methane (TRM) combines steam reforming, dry reforming, and partial oxidation of CH4 in a single reactor. The H2/CO product ratio usually ranges from 1.5 to 2.5, which makes the TRM...

MFI vs. FER zeolite during methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether: The crystal size plays a key role

FER-type zeolite was recently recognized as good catalyst for DME synthesis via methanol dehydration or one-pot CO2 hydrogenation, in terms of DME selectivity, stability and coke formation. In this research, we investigated the role of crystal size of both FER- and MFI-type zeolites on catalysis of methanol dehydration to DME reaction. The results show that FER-type zeolites, both micro- and nano-sized, exhibit better performances than micro-sized MFI-type zeolite. On the contrary, the application of nano-sized MFI allows to obtain a DME selectivity similar to FER, but with higher DME production rate and a lower coke deposition.

Low temperature steam reforming of ethanol over cobalt doped bismuth vanadate [Bi4(V0.90Co0.10)2O11-δ (BICOVOX)] catalysts for hydrogen production

The atmospheric pressure low temperature steam reforming of ethanol over Bi4(V0.90Co0.10)2O11-δ (BICOVOX) catalysts, synthesize by a solution combustion synthesis method and calcined at 400, 600 and 800 °C, has been investigated at different reactor temperatures, H2O: EtOH molar ratios and feed flow rates. For fresh catalysts amount, crystallinity and particle size of pure γ-BICOVOX phase is observed to increase with increasing calcination temperature. Phase purity and crystallinity of the catalysts are almost retained till 30 h of activity study with some amount of carbon formation as derived from XRD, XPS, FESEM and simultaneous DTA-TGA study. Catalyst calcined at 600 °C (BICOVOX-600) exhibits the highest ethanol conversion (100%) with maximum H2 selectivity (80%) under reaction conditions of 400 °C, 23:1H2O: EtOH molar ratio and 0.35 cc min−1 feed flow rate. The maximum O2− vacancy present in lattice and lowest coke deposition could explain the best performance of BICOVOX-600 catalyst.

Enhanced hydrogen production from catalytic biomass gasification with in-situ CO2 capture

In order to cope with the global energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, there are urgent needs for clean energy such as biomass-derived hydrogen. CaO is effective to promote hydrogen production from biomass gasification due to its high capacity of in-situ CO2 capture. In this work, a two-stage fixed bed reactor was used to produce hydrogen by catalytic conversion of biomass with and without in-situ CO2 capture. In addition, three Ni loadings (5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 20 wt%) supported by Al2O3 and sol-gel CaO have been prepared and tested. The BET analysis shows the surface area of the catalysts increases first and then decreases with the increase of Ni loading. Results from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images reveals that NiO particles are well distributed over the porous CaO. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates the NiO nanocrystalline size is increased with increasing Ni loading on Ni/Al2O3, and the most homogeneous dispersion was shown by 10 wt% Ni/CaO. Around 666 mgCO2/gCaO of CO2 adsorption capacity and 850 min stability were obtained using the sol-gel CaO sorbent. Compared to the reference Ni/Al2O3 catalysts, the resistance of carbon deposition on the Ni/CaO results in a lower coke deposition, which is attributed to the basicity of the catalysts. In addition, the increase of loading promotes the decomposition of biomass-derived oxygenated compounds. Much more hydrogen is obtained using the Ni/CaO catalysts compared with Ni/Al2O3 due to in-situ CO2 capture. However, the sintering and particle agglomeration using the 20 wt% Ni-catalyst might be responsible for the reduction of hydrogen production. The highest H2 concentration of 19.32 vol% at 424 °C was obtained when the 10 wt% Ni/CaO catalyst was used.

Reforming of toluene with simulated automobile exhaust gas over hydrotalcite-like-compound-derived Ni catalyst

Reforming of toluene, which is a model compound of gasoline, with model exhaust gas (model EGR gas) of gasoline engine was carried out with Ni catalyst. The Ni/Mg/Al catalyst prepared from hydrotalcite-like precursor compound showed higher performance than Ni/α-Al2O3 catalyst in terms of activity, stability and coke deposition resistance. The activity of Ni/Mg/Al after the initial deactivation was about 1/200 of Rh/CeO2 based on the weight of active metal (Ni or Rh), and the difference was much smaller than that of price between Ni and Rh. The amount of coke deposition on Ni/Mg/Al catalyst was increased with increases of W/F or partial pressure of toluene, especially at the outlet of the catalyst bed, where the coke formation is mainly due to CO disproportionation. The deactivation was also severer in larger partial pressure of toluene when the toluene feed was changed while partial pressure of H2O, N2 and CO2 was set constant to the model EGR gas. Large steady state H2 formation and high conversion were obtained at conditions with low partial pressure of toluene, similarly to the case of simple steam reforming, the Ni/Mg/Al catalyst after reaction can be regenerated by the combination of oxidation (at 773 K) and reduction (at 1073 K) treatments. The effect of feed ratio of H2O:N2:CO2 showed that low partial pressure of steam in model EGR gas in comparison with standard feed gas for steam reforming is the main reason for low toluene conversion and coke deposition resistance. On the other hand, the presence of CO2 did not affect the conversion and the coke deposition behavior so significantly.

The key to catalytic stability on sol–gel derived SnOx/SiO2 catalyst and the comparative study of side reaction with K-PtSn/Al2O3 toward propane dehydrogenation

Side reactions competing with propane dehydrogenation were studied on K-PtSn/Al2O3 and SnOx/SiO2 catalysts. The results showed that hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, deep dehydrogenation, and coke formation occurred more pronouncedly on K-PtSn/Al2O3, contrasting with the catalytic cracking result. Because of the higher total acidity on SnOx/SiO2, measured by NH3-TPD, more catalytic cracking occurred on this catalyst. However, SnOx/SiO2 showed a lower coke deposition, although the acid site can promote the coke formation. This contrast was not due to the spillover effect, which can suppress coke formation on the acid site. Essentially, the propylene hydrogenation, H2-TPD, and FTIR results demonstrate that SnOx/SiO2 had a lower hydrogen spillover than that of K-PtSn/Al2O3. On the other hand, TPO results from propylene dehydrogenation and coke formation of propadiene illustrate that the key of distinguished SnOx/SiO2 catalyst stability was owing to a low ability of coke precursor generation.

Sustainable production of hydrogen via steam reforming of furfural (SRF) with Co-catalyst supported on sepiolite

Natural sepiolite is a mineral very abundant in Spain, being the main producer worldwide. This material is presented by the first time as promised support to prepare cobalt catalysts with high activity and hydrogen selectivity in the steam reforming of furfural (SRF). Two methods for cobalt incorporation on natural sepiolite, precipitation (PP) and incipient wetness impregnation (IWI), are explored and their influence in the preparation of catalysts highly active and selective in the SRF is studied. PP method makes possible to synthesize a catalytic material with high catalytic performance (high conversion of furfural, > 95%, and high hydrogen selectivity, 70%). Furthermore the production of non-desired byproducts such as CO, CH4 and acetone, decrease significantly in the catalyst prepared by PP (CoSep). Characterization by N2 adsorption-desorption to determine surface area, XRD, TPR and TEM shows that PP method favors the formation of smaller metallic particles of Co with a high dispersion. These differential physicochemical properties seem to explain the better catalytic performance exhibited by the sepiolitic catalyst prepared by the PP method (CoSep). In addition, this catalyst exhibits also a higher resistance to deactivation after 24 h of reaction time. This fact seems to be related to the lower coke deposition on the catalyst prepared by precipitation and particularly, with the lower sinterization of the metallic Co particles during the steam reforming of furfural.

Catalytic Toluene Reforming with In Situ CO2 Capture via an Iron–Calcium Hybrid Absorbent for Promoted Hydrogen Production

A two‐step sol–gel method is adopted to prepare an iron–calcium hybrid absorbent (Ca–Al–Fe) integrating iron catalysis component and inert support with CaO for calcium looping gasification. Effects of Ca–Al–Fe on cyclic CO2 capture reactivity, mechanical strength, and enhanced reforming of biomass tar model component (toluene) are investigated by comparing with three reference absorbents. Results show that main components of Ca–Al–Fe are CaO, mayenite (Ca12Al14O33), and brownmillerite (Ca2Fe2O5). Ca12Al14O33 plays key roles in keeping stable cyclic carbonation reactivity and significantly promotes mechanical strength of the novel absorbent. In comparison with other absorbents without coupling Ca12Al14O33 or Ca2Fe2O5, Ca–Al–Fe approaches the highest toluene conversion (around 60%) and has the lowest coke deposition (12.2 mg g−1), due to the synergetic influences of Ca2Fe2O5 and Ca12Al14O33, which significantly promotes hydrogen production while reducing CO2 yield in reforming syngas. In addition, influences of reaction conditions such as iron loading, reaction temperature, molar ratio of H2O to carbon in toluene, and absorbent particle size on toluene reforming are examined in the presence of Ca–Al–Fe. Potential reaction routes of toluene reforming are also analyzed and discussed.

A novel hybrid iron-calcium catalyst/absorbent for enhanced hydrogen production via catalytic tar reforming with in-situ CO2 capture

An iron-calcium hybrid catalyst/absorbent (Ca–Al–Fe) is developed by a two-step sol-gel method to enhance tar conversion, cyclic CO2 capture and mechanical strength of absorbent for hydrogen production in calcium looping gasification. The developed catalyst/absorbent consists of CaO and brownmillerite (Ca2Fe2O5) with mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) as inert support. Comparing with three candidate absorbents without Ca2Fe2O5 or Ca12Al14O33, cyclic carbonation reactivity and mechanical strength of Ca–Al–Fe are largely promoted. Meanwhile, Ca–Al–Fe approaches the maximum conversion rate of 1-methyl naphthalene (1-MN) with enhanced hydrogen yield around 0.15 mol/(h·g) under reforming conditions of present study. Ca–Al–Fe also shows the largest CO2 absorption and lowest coke deposition. Influences of operation variables on 1-MN reforming are evaluated and recommended conditions can be iron to CaO mass ratio of 10%, reaction temperature of 800 °C and steam to carbon in 1-MN mole ratio of 2.0. Ca–Al–Fe hybrid catalyst/absorbent presents good potential to be applied in future.

Highly Selective MTO Reaction over a Nanosized ZSM-5 Zeolite Modified by Fe via the Low-Temperature Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Method

Nanosized ZSM-5 zeolites were synthesized by an in situ seed-induced hydrothermal method, and samples modified with an Fe promoter were prepared by the traditional wet impregnation-thermal decomposition and dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD) methods, respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts were studied by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD and Py-IR techniques. The catalytic performance was eValuated by the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) reaction. The results showed that the acidity of the catalysts, the dispersity of the Fe promoter and the interaction degree with the ZSM-5 zeolite are closely related to product selectivity in the MTO reaction. Compared with the Fe-NZ5 sample prepared by the traditional impregnation-calcination method, the FeD-NZ5 samples prepared by the DBD method exhibited the higher selectivity of C2—C4 light olefins and the lower coke deposition during long-term eValuation (100 h), which can be attributed to the weaker acid strength, more uniform Fe promoter dispersion and strong interaction with the ZSM-5 zeolite. The developed Fe-modified catalysts have high potential for application in the MTO reaction.

Thermal management evaluation for advanced aero-engines using catalytic steam reforming of hydrocarbon fuels

The wall catalytic steam reforming (WCSR) is expected to be used in chemical recuperative cycle of scramjet because of its high chemical heat sink and low coke deposition. Therefore, a numerical model is established and validated based on experiments to improve utilization of chemical heat sink, generated from WCSR at supercritical pressures. The numerical results indicate that a maximal value exists at the axial distribution of chemical heat sink under the combined influence of endothermic and exothermic reactions in WCSR. The chemical heat sink increases to the maximal value, and then decreases after it. The radial chemical heat sink is of layer distribution. According to the fundamental numerical study on influence of key parameters on the WCSR, the results indicate that the maximal value of chemical heat sink has reduced by 15% as operation pressure increases from 3 MPa to 5 MPa, which is distinctly different from that of pyrolysis. As velocity decreases, the maximal value of chemical heat sink moves toward inlet and the total chemical heat decreases. In addition, the chemical heat sink increases with inlet water content, and the maximal value of chemical heat sink has increased by about 50% as inlet water content increases from 5% to 10%.

Catalytic Performances of Bi-Metallic Ni-Co Catalysts in Acetic Acid Steam Reforming Reaction: Effect of Mg Incorporation

Abstract In this study, mesoporous alumina supported bi-metallic Ni-Co catalysts were synthesized and catalytic performances were investigated in hydrogen production through steam reforming of acetic acid reaction. Mesoporous alumina support was synthesized using a sol-gel method and metals were co-impregnated into the structure of the catalyst. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM and TG-DT analysis. The activity test results showed that the bi-metallic 4Ni-1Co@SGA catalyst showed high and stable activity in steam reforming of acetic acid, giving a high H2 selectivity at 750 °C. Bi-metallic Ni-Co catalysts showed higher performance than monometallic Co catalyst, yielding less methane production and coke deposition. Co incorporation decreased activity of Ni catalysts at high reaction temperature of 750 °C in terms of AcOH conversion; however, improved the activity of Ni catalysts at low reaction temperature of 550 °C in terms of AcOH conversion and H2 Selectivity. Mg incorporation enhanced the coke resistance of the catalyst and further, among the bi- and tri-metallic catalysts, the lowest coke deposition was obtained over Mg incorporated 4Ni-1Co@SGA catalyst at 750 °C.

The effect of metal loading over Ni/γ-Al2O3 and Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts on reaction routes of hydrodeoxygenation of rubber seed oil for green diesel production

Abstract Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vegetable oil is one of the promising key processes designed for a possible convenient method for automotive clean fuel production. The HDO of rubber seed oil into diesel range hydrocarbon over non-sulphided monometallic (Ni/γ-Al2O3 and Mo/γ-Al2O3) catalysts were investigated. The catalysts were synthesized via conventional wet impregnation method using 3 wt.%, 12 wt.% and 15 wt.% Ni and Mo loading over γ-Al2O3 support, to examine the influence of metal loading on catalytic activity, coke deposition, and reaction routes. The synthesized catalysts were subjected to characterization techniques including XRD, FESEM coupled with EDX, BET, TEM, TGA, ICP-OES and H2TPR. All the catalysts were tested for HDO reaction at 623.15 K, 3.5 MPa, H2/oil of 1000 N (cm3/cm3) with WHSV = 1 h−1 in a continuous flow fixed bed tubular reactor. The hydrocarbon products were analyzed using gas chromatography, and intermediates were identified using GC–MS. The Ni supported catalysts showed comparatively higher surface area, small particle size, homogeneous dispersion of particles, higher crystallinity and lower reduction temperature, low coke deposition. Proposed reaction mechanism suggests the decarboxylation (DCO2) reaction occurred mainly over Ni supported catalysts. Whereas, higher Ni loading reduced the extent of decarboxylation (DCO2) reaction. Additionally, Mo supported catalysts allowed the deoxygenation reaction to occur and higher Mo loading enhanced the extent of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). The triglycerides conversion for all the catalysts was 99.9%. The catalysts with higher metal loading showed overall higher catalytic activity for hydrodeoxygenation of RSO. 15 wt.% Ni loading produced higher hydrocarbon yield (55.1 wt.%) whereas, 15 wt.% Mo loading produced up to 61.7 wt.%. Mo comparatively produced high amount of C16 (15.7 wt.%), and C18 (30.7 wt.%) hydrocarbons. Whereas, Ni produced mainly C15 (20.9 wt.%) and C17 (20.3 wt.%) hydrocarbons. Significant findings were observed on hydrocarbon yield, intermediates, and amount of coke formation. Mo supported catalysts shows significant HDO activity with less concentration of oxygenated component in the mixture. Besides Mo supported catalysts exhibit the high amount of coke deposition compared to Ni supported catalysts.

Nanosheet MFI Zeolites for Gas Phase Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein

To overcome the rapid deactivation of conventional ZSM-5, novel nanosheet MFI zeolites, with different Si/Al molar ratios were well fabricated. It was found that Si/Al molar ratios, do not just affect acid properties, but also determine the morphologies of nanosheet MFI zeolites by changing a-c plane areas of zeolite nanosheets. In reaction of gas phase glycerol dehydration to acrolein, the nanosheet MFI zeolites were much more active and stable than conventional ZSM-5 catalysts, owing to their suitable acidity and unique nanosheet structure. For nanosheet MFI zeolite, with Si/Al = 50 (NMZ-50), the conversion of glycerol is higher than 99% in the initial 12 h, with an acrolein selectivity of 86.6%, better than most previous reports. This superior stability of NMZ-50 can be ascribed to its low coke deposition rate and improved coke tolerance capacity. Additionally, it is interesting to find that Al contents do not just simply affect acid properties, but also determine morphologies of nanosheet MFI zeolites, and thus influence catalytic performance.

Steam Reforming of Model Bio-Oil Aqueous Fraction Using Ni-(Cu, Co, Cr)/SBA-15 Catalysts.

Hydrogen obtained from biomass derivatives is considered a promising alternative to fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to test the viability of Ni-M/SBA-15 (M: Co, Cu, Cr) catalysts for the hydrogen production from bio-oil aqueous fraction reforming. Tests were performed in a fixed-bed reactor at 600 °C and atmospheric pressure. Firstly, the steam reforming (SR) of acetic acid, hydroxyacetone, furfural and phenol, as representative constituents of the bio-oil aqueous fraction, was carried out. Lower reactivity with increasing carbon number and decreasing steam-to-carbon ratio was observed. Coking rate during SR is a consequence of carbon number and aromaticity of the reactant, as well as the steam-to-carbon ratio. However, deactivation also depends on the graphitization degree of carbon filaments, higher in the case of coke formed from phenol. Then, the performance of the Ni-M/SBA-15 catalysts was studied in the reforming of a bio-oil aqueous fraction surrogate containing the four model compounds. Ni-Co/SBA-15 and Ni-Cr/SBA-15 samples were the most active because Co also catalyze the steam reforming reactions and Cr promotes the formation of very small Ni crystallites accounting for high conversion and the low coke deposition (~8 times lower than Ni/SBA-15) in the form of poorly condensed carbon filaments.