Low Social Recognition Research Articles

Pluri-employment and labor precariousness in Argentine nursing: a historical and social analysis

Introduction: The economic crises in underdeveloped countries have modified labor realities, highlighting the increase in moonlighting as an indicator of precariousness. In Argentina, this problem especially affects nurses, a profession historically devalued, linked to care and predominantly exercised by women. The impact of working conditions on the quality of life of professionals and their relationship with low pay and low social recognition was analyzed.Development: The study explored the history of work in Argentina and how sociopolitical contexts have influenced the configuration of current working conditions. In particular, it highlighted the evolution of nursing since its beginnings, marked by a subordination to the hegemonic medical model and a perception as a feminine and vocational task. These characteristics have perpetuated gender inequalities and have hindered its professionalization. In addition, the implications of moonlighting on the physical, emotional and social health of workers were discussed, identifying stress, exhaustion and lack of time for personal and family activities as recurrent consequences.Conclusions: The review concluded that the working conditions of nurses in Argentina reflect a structural problem that requires comprehensive solutions. The need to implement public policies that improve salaries, promote professional recognition and ensure effective union representation was highlighted. Revaluing nursing will not only benefit workers, but will also contribute to strengthening the health system and improving the quality of health care

요양보호사 인권 침해 경험 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the actual situation of the human rights violation experience of care workers by the service target and their families and to improve understanding of contextual and environmental situations. For this study, quantitative and qualitative data were used. For quantitative data, a sample of 506 care workers was extracted from long-term-care facilities in Incheon, and for qualitative data, interviews with 14 care workers were used. This study used quantitative data to examine whether there are differences in social recognition satisfaction, Perception of Professionalism, and Turnover Intention among caregivers according to the presence or absence of human rights violations. For this purpose, the differences between groups were analyzed by using cross-analysis and t-test. In addition, We also used interview data to cover more in-depth stories that could not be explored in quantitative analysis results.As a result of the study, the care worker’s experience of human rights violations was associated with a low perception of professionalism and job satisfaction. Also, it was positively associated with turnover intention. In addition, it seems that the human rights violations of care workers are caused by a combination of low social recognition, service target’s functional problems, and non-fulfillment of their care needs. These findings suggest that it is necessary to prevent the workers from violence and make a coping method according to the problem situation. Additionally, it is required to offer job training to acquire high-quality nursing skills, as well as education for target subjects and their families.

“It's your Liangxin that tells you what to do”: Interpreting workplace-induced emotions in a Chinese nursing home

How Direct Care Workers (DCWs) interpret their work and perform care activities undeniably impacts the well-being of institutionalized older adults. Despite the emotionally charged nature of paid care work, little is known about how Chinese DCWs talk about their work and construct meaning within China's unique social context of a burgeoning institutional care market and changing cultural expectations for long-term care. This study qualitatively explored Chinese DCWs' emotion work as they navigate among institutional pressures and low social recognition in an urban government-sponsored nursing home in central China. Results revealed that DCWs used Liangxin (the good heart/mind) – a ubiquitous Chinese moral notion emphasizing the unity of feeling, thought, and action – as an interpretive framework, including its four dimensions (ceyin, xiue, cirang, and shifei), to inform care practice, manage emotions, and find dignity within what can be personally demeaning and socially devalued work. Our study delineated the processes through which DCWs sympathized with the pain and struggles of the older adults in their care (ceyin xin), shamed unjust attitudes and behaviors embedded in institutional care (xiue xin), delivered family-like relational care (cirang xin), and formed and reinforced principles of good (versus bad) care (shifei xin). We also revealed the nuanced role that the cultural value of xiao (filial piety), working in tandem with liangxin, both shaped the emotional terrain of the institutional care setting and impacted how DCWs engaged in emotion work. While recognizing the effect of liangxin for incentivizing DCWs to provide relational care and renegotiate their role status, we were also alerted to the risks of overburdening and exploiting DCWs who relied solely on their liangxin to meet complex care needs.

Integrating familial care and extra‐familial care into a new long‐term care policy for China: Examples from Germany's long‐term care insurance

AbstractRapid demographic ageing constitutes a significant challenge for the Chinese social system. As China has only recently begun developing a long‐term care (LTC) policy, care provision is currently based on family care. However, the prevalence of such care is declining due to low social recognition and conflicts between family members' care and work responsibilities. Thus, a comprehensive LTC policy should expand extra‐familial care services and make family care attractive. Germany's LTC insurance is an example of a policy that integrates extra‐familial and family care. This study analyses whether China's LTC policy can gain insights from Germany's LTC policy in view of the findings from Chinese LTC pilot projects. We argue that a policy that supports extra‐familial and family care would facilitate the LTC provision preferred by older people, while also supporting relatives who wish to provide care according to their values of intergenerational solidarity.

Increasing participation in pro-poor tourism: study of predictors to promote prosocial behavior to other reference groups

ABSTRACT Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) is an approach to alleviate absolute poverty and has two perspectives: increasing the profit allocation to the poor and expanding the profit itself. This study focuses on the latter and investigates factors to increase people’s intention to participate in PPT. However, the participating intention was interpreted based on donation intention to absolute poverty, a global prosocial behavior, because PPT has low social recognition. The structural equation modeling suggested that donation intention was affected by Empathic Concern (EC) and Social Norms (SN). However, the donation is an actual behavior, but PPT is a concept. Therefore, the study indicated embodying the concept as products to stimulate tourists’ EC, such as optional tours which distribute preferential benefits to the poor. On the other hand, for social norms to function, the study also indicated that consensus needs to cultivate that PPT effectively alleviates absolute poverty, a global issue.

German “duale ausbildung” vocational education and its enlightenment to China’s vocational education

Taking the key factors for the success of German “duale ausbildung” vocational education as the starting point, this paper introduces in detail five aspects: the leading role of the government, the main role of enterprises, the degree of social recognition, the team of dual qualified teachers, and the assessment and evaluation system. This paper analyzes the problems faced by vocational education in China, such as low social recognition, weak cooperation between schools and enterprises, inadequate talent training in schools to meet social needs, and insufficient attention from the government, and draws on the successful factors of dual vocational education in Germany to propose four inspirations for the reform of vocational education in China, including: improving laws and regulations, improving the security mechanism, improving the attractiveness of vocational education, strengthening the construction of “dual teachers” team Improve the social applicability of vocational education.

Влияние гормональной терапии на субъективное качество жизни у транссексуалов

Background. There is an increase in demand for transgender transition, which is connected with social causes, as well as the possibilities of modern medicine. One of the stages includes hormone replacement therapy (HRT). There is no clear opinion on the effect of HRT on subjective well-being of transsexuals. A controversial point is the ambiguous effect of HRT. Objective. To compare the effect of HRT on the subjective quality of life of transgender and compare the results with other stages of transgender transition, as well as with a control group with cisgender people. Methods. The anonymous questionnaire includes the life satisfaction scale (Osin, Leontiev, 2008), and the Kuhn test “Who am I?” modified by A. Tkhostov, E. Rasskazova, V. Emelin (2014). ANOVA is used in the SPSS 23 program. Sample. Control group included 120 cisgender people. Research group consisted of 151 transsexuals. The main group is divided by gender (MtF — Male-to-Female; FtM — Female-to-Male) and the stage of transgender transition. Results. All transsexuals at the HRT stage demonstrate a low significance of self-identification in the “Who am I?” test (P < 0.001), which is not observed at other stages of gender correction. HRT has diametrically different effects on MtF and FtM. MtFs demonstrate low subjective quality of life (P < 0.001) and low social recognition scores (P < 0.001), while FtM — on the contrary. Conclusion. The stage of hormone replacement therapy in transsexuals is associated with a revision of identity, in which old self-identities lose relevance, and new ones have not yet been found. Perhaps the uncertain and crisis nature of such a psychological situation is the reason for the ambiguous effect of hormone therapy on the subjective quality of life of transsexuals in many scientific publications.

Influencia de la COVID 19 en la imagen social de la Enfermería

Objective: to describe the current perception of Nursing by society, and to understand how the representation of the Nursing profession in the social consciousness has changed with the healthcare emergency scenario of COVID-19.Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study in the overall population and healthcare professionals, recruited through non-probabilistic sampling (the sample size achieved, n= 1.109, delivered absolute accuracy of 2,94%), through a questionnaire designed ad hoc. Results: Nursing was considered a profession devoted to care and essential within the healthcare system (83.7%), but with low social recognition (53.8%), underpaid (48.4%) and perceived as a high-risk profession (93.3%). These professionals were considered to have university degree education (84.8%), and their most outstanding quality was knowledge (85.2%). The stereotype profile was a woman (92.8%), middle-aged (53.9%), wearing sanitary “pyjamas” (85.3%). 52.4% of the sample believed that the COVID-19 pandemic had changed their perception of Nursing; the importance of these professionals was acknowledged, and their performance was valued positively, inspiring feelings of admiration and respect towards them. Conclusions: Nursing has been considered a profession devoted to care and essential within the healthcare system, but with low social recognition, underpaid, and perceived as a high-risk profession. The healthcare emergency experience has given visibility to nursing care. There has been a positive impact by the COVID-19 pandemic upon the social image of Nursing, revaluing it as a profession.

Contribution of Education Policy Reforms towards Gender Dynamics and the Formalization of Domestic-work Sector: A Case of Mafinga Town Council, Tanzania

Currently, Tanzania is experiencing the policy of free education up to secondary school level. On the other hand, in Tanzania, domestic work is one of the sectors with the highest share of informal employment. However, after the introduction of free education policy up to form four, the availability of domestic workers is declining whereas the formalization of the domestic sector is persisting. It is against this background, this study aimed at analyzing the influence of the current educational policy towards the formalization of domestic sector in Mafinga town. The study was qualitative in nature whereby 30 domestic workers, 10 employers and 5 individuals from workers’ union were interviewed in the study area. The study found that the new education policy has contributed towards the increase of the age to domestic sector from 12 years to 17 years; and the number of daily routine workers has increased as opposed to residential workers. Besides, domestic works currently involves both males and females; there is the increase of the middle men to facilitate the availability of domestic workers. Due to education awareness, domestic workers are now demanding their rights including the vacation from their employers and increase of salary. In addition, there is scarcity of domestic workers that has led to the mushrooming of daycare centres. However, domestic workers faced an unlimited number of challenges including overworking with low wages, delayed payments, harsh working climates as well as low social recognition. The study hereby recommends for the improvement in the education sector among school-age females in order to minimize their involvement in the informal sectors as domestic sectors.

Contribution of Education Policy Reforms Towards Gender Dynamics and the Formalization of Domestic-work Sector: A Case of Mafinga Town Council, Tanzania

Currently, Tanzania is experiencing the policy of free education up to secondary school level. On the other hand, in Tanzania, domestic work is one of the sectors with the highest share of informal employment. However, after the introduction of free education policy up to form four, the availability of domestic workers has became somehow difficult whereas the formalization of the domestic sector has also gained paceThis background has been a bench-mark to this study that analysed the influence of the current educational policy towards the formalization of domestic sector in Mafinga Town. The study was qualitative in nature whereby the interview of 30 domestic workers, 10 employers and 5 individuals from workers’ union was conducted. The study found out that the new education policy has contributed towards the increase of the age to domestic sector from 12 years to 17 years, the number of daily routine workers has increased as opposed to residential workers, domestic works involved both males and females, there was the increase of the middle men to facilitate the availability of domestic workers. Due to increased awareness, domestic workers were demanding their rights including the vacation from their employers and better salaries. In addition, there had been scarcity of domestic workers that has led to the mushrooming of day care centers. Needless to say, domestic workers faced unlimited number of challenges including overworking with low wages, delayed payments, harsh working climates as well as low social recognition. The study hereby recommended for the improvement in the education sector in favor of females. That would relieve domestic workers from the involvement in the informal sectors such as domestic sectors.

The negative factors influencing the career intention of general practice trainees in eastern China: a qualitative study

BackgroundThere is an acute shortage of general practitioners (GPs) in China, and GP trainees seem to be less willing to develop their career as a GP. This study aimed to investigate negative factors influencing the career intention of GPs in eastern China from the perspective of trainees taking standardized residency training, as to identify the barriers of GP trainees becoming registered GPs, and to provide a policy-making basis for GP recruitment and retention.MethodsA qualitative description design by the purposive sample was carried out in two training bases of Jinan and Qingdao in eastern China. Face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted, audiotaped, and transcribed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty-one trainees participated in this study. Thematic analysis generated five major themes: (1) low social recognition, (2) low professional identity, (3) low remuneration level, (4) imperfect training system, and (5) influence of policy factors.ConclusionsOur results identified various negative factors influencing the career intentions of trainees. In order to overcome the hurdles and increase the attractiveness of GP, it is recommended that the government and the public should create a supportive environment, which can be beneficial to the construction and development of GP.

States, Trends, and Future of Aquaponics Research

As an environmentally-friendly aquaculture and planting system, aquaponics has attracted attention in various fields, such as fisheries, agriculture, and ecology. The existing review qualitatively described the development and challenges of aquaponics but lacked data support. This study selected 513 related documents (2000–2019) in the Web of Science database (WOS) to mine and quantitatively analyze its text data. The keyword co-occurrence network shows that the current aquaponics research mainly focuses on the system components, wastewater treatment, nutrient management, and system production. Research areas reflect obvious regional characteristics. China, the United States and Europe are dedicated to the application of new technologies, the optimization of system production, and the exploration of multiple roles. At present, the aquaponics development is facing many pressures from management and market. Future research requires more in-depth research in the system construction, nutrient management, and microbial community structure to provide a theoretical basis. Moreover, the identity construction within the conceptual framework of green infrastructure is a research direction worth exploring to solve low social recognition for aquaponics.

Perceived Constraints of Return Migrated Rural Youths in Agripreneurship Development

‘Return Migration’ is defined as the “voluntary movement of migrants back to their place of origin”. It is the logical consequences of the successful achievement of all migration-related goals and targets. Return migration has been becoming a very common phenomenon in rural areas; and it may be due to factors like insecurity feeling in urban areas and lack of freedom in working place, opportunities created under schemes like MGNAREGA in rural areas and other family-related issues. When youths returned to their place of origin (Rural areas) they may not have much alternative to taking up as an occupation other than agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood, in this process the return migrated rural youths had faced and/or perceived many constraints in agripreneurship development. In present study 180 return migrated rural youths of southern India were purposively selected, constraints were operationalized as all the factors, such as social, psychological, economic, technical, marketing and infrastructural which obstruct the youths to take up agriprenuership. For measuring constraints, “Garrett’s Ranking Technique” was used. The salient findings were low social recognition in the agriculture business (62.21), Lack of technical guidance in scientific cultivation (61.50), Lack of proper market intelligence (65.79) and Lack of awareness of different funding schemes and their procedures (59.91), etc. were the major constraints perceived by the return migrated rural youths in the study area. Hence promotion and recognition of rural youths in agriculture and allied activities would apparently motivate the youths more dynamically, in agripreneurship development.

Which difficulties and resources do vocational teachers perceive? An exploratory study setting the stage for investigating teachers’ resilience in Switzerland

ABSTRACTBased on an ecological view of teacher resilience, the paper investigates perceived difficulties and resources among vocational education and training (VET) teachers as a first step for investigating teachers’ resilience. Given the substantial shortage of theoretical and empirical studies on this population, more research on resilience among VET teachers is necessary and relevant. In this exploratory qualitative study, interviews with VET teachers in Switzerland (n = 37) sought to identify the specific challenges faced by teachers, the resources to be addressed. As well as confirming the different critical challenges and protective factors emerging from the literature review, the results identify difficulties and resources specific to VET teachers in Switzerland. In terms of critical challenges at a macro-contextual level, teachers’ low social recognition is emphasised. Moreover, exposure to curricular reforms generates stress and pressure related to the required standardisation of content and subject changes. At a micro-system level, we detected teachers’ frustration in relation to students’ low vocational motivation and maturity and specific emerging instructional challenges in vocational subject teaching. In terms of resources, teachers perceived the possibility of diversifying their professional role by alternating school and extracurricular activities as a supportive factor. The results provide a basis for more extensive quantitative study investigating relationship among adversities and resources and resilient strategies.

Macro-environment analysis and management countermeasures of nursing development in China based on PEST model

Based on the development trends of nursing care in the ongoing healthcare reform, the PEST model was called into play to analyze the macro-environment of nursing development in terms of such aspects as political, economic, social-cultural, and science and technology factors. Based on such, policy suggestions are raised to tackle the following challenges, namely incomplete political and legal environment for nursing, relative shortage of nursing resources, low social recognition, and poor capability of nursing technique innovation. These suggestions aim to further improve the political and legal system for nursing, explore highly efficient nursing resource allocation, enhance nursing service capability, and nurture nursing technique innovation talents. Key words: Nursing; PEST model; Macro-environment analysis; Countermeasures

The role of nongovernmental organizations in China's climate change governance

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been a key player in international climate negotiations. In addition to being UNFCCC observers at the international level, the role of NGOs in domestic climate change governance has differed across countries due to varying political, legislative, and even cultural contexts. As the largest CO2 emitter in the world, China is engaged in the challenging process of low‐carbon development, which may not be achievable through exclusive reliance on top–down management and voluntary actions by the private sector. The participation of NGOs as a civil society actor is important. However, current understanding about the role of NGOs in China's climate change governance has been under‐studied. Climate change is still a relatively new topic for China's NGOs, and it has been difficult to differentiate the involvement of NGOs in climate change issues from their involvement in environmental issues more generally. Overall, the role NGOs play in China's climate change governance has had four main features: government partnership with restricted political space, organization development with inadequate professional capacity, strong international financial reliance but with growing domestic support, and public advocacy with low social recognition. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e483. doi: 10.1002/wcc.483This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change

Self-Help Group of Rural Assam and Its Role in Women Empowerment

<div><p><em>Women empowerment is a universal issue. Women empowerment refers to the creation of an environment for women where they can make decisions of their own for their personal benefits as well as for the society. It refers to increasing and improving the social, economic, political and legal strength of the women, to ensure equal right to women and to make them confident enough to claim their rights. The overall development of the nation remains as a paradox until and unless the women got empowered. The under privileged rural women are still far from empowerment. Unemployment, illiteracy and low social recognition made them so. Presently the self-help groups that mushrooming in different corners of rural Assam have been creating opportunities for women to be empowered. Here in this study an attempt has been made to study whether the rural women got scope to get empowered by getting engagement in self-help groups. 40 women from 04 self-help groups, 13 literate and 27 illiterate women were taken as sample for the study. To collect first hand data self structured questionnaire and self structured interview schedule were prepared by the investigators. Percentage was used to analyze data.</em></p></div>

Research on the Development of Non-governmental Science and Technology Awards of China: Environment, Problems and Countermeasures

On the basis of the research on the development of Chinese non-governmental Science and Technology awards, we found that the non-governmental science and technology awards also have the disadvantages such as imperfect legislation, strong independence, low social recognition and management and so on. It needs to develop the legal system and improve the standardization of management.

O fazer teórico-prático do nutricionista na estratégia saúde da família: representações sociais dos profissionais das equipes

OBJETIVO: Conhecer as representações sociais dos profissionais das equipes de saúde da família sobre o fazer teórico-prático do nutricionista. A pesquisa foi realizada em Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município do estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, tendo como sujeitos 27 profissionais, eleitos por critério intencional. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se a análise categorial temática, apropriando-se da Teoria das Representações Sociais. RESULTADOS: Como resultados, emergiram quatro temas: Nutricionista na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, Abordagem de questões alimentares pelos profissionais da equipe de saúde da família, Educação nutricional e Problematizando a ausência do nutricionista na equipe de saúde da família. As principais representações obtidas com relação ao nutricionista foram relacionadas à prescrição de dietas, além de revelarem um conhecimento mais amplo sobre as funções e atribuições desse profissional. Não houve dúvidas sobre a importância da educação nutricional na promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis, apesar de os sujeitos terem demonstrado uma visão superficial e pouco abalizada teoricamente sobre o tema. CONCLUSÃO: A ausência do nutricionista na equipe de saúde da família foi atribuída a fatores como o baixo reconhecimento social, a desvalorização profissional, o pouco tempo de existência da profissão, o desconhecimento do núcleo de competência do nutricionista e a manutenção do modelo médico hegemônico. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de mais estudos que problematizem a inserção do nutricionista em equipes de saúde da família.

Identidad de género y cuidados intensivos: influencia de la masculinidad y la feminidad en la percepción de los cuidados enfermeros

Introduction Nursing has essentially been the work of women. The increase in men incorporating into nursing makes us think about whether there are different ways of expressing and practicing a profession in relationship to gender. Objective To describe if there are different ways of perceiving and assessing ICU work from a gender perspective. Methodology A qualitative phenomenological study. Sample: 6 male nurses and 6 female nurses from the ICU of the Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge (HUB). Data collection: In-depth semi-constructed interview. Content analysis. Results Male nurses describe ICU work in terms of autonomy in making decisions and professional competence. They claim responsibility for their identity as nurses and stress the low social recognition of the profession. They prioritize the responsibility of decision making over the final outcome and evaluate family satisfaction in terms of prestige and competence. They are more practical. Female nurses describe the work in terms of control and follow-up of the patient's evolution. They emphasize the final care outcome and evaluate satisfaction in terms of a relationship of confidence and warm patient care. They are more meticulous. Conclusions There are differences in how they classify their ICU work, in the self-evaluation of professional identity, behavior in the development of the nursing care and in perception of family satisfaction. No differences are observed regarding problem solving with the technology.