Low Self Research Articles

Design of Low Voltage Quasi-floating Self Cascode Current Mirror

In this paper, a modified structure of self-cascode structure is proposed. In the proposed structure, the MOSFET working in saturation mode is replaced by a Quasi-floating gate MOSFET by which the threshold voltage can be scaled, resulting in an increase in the drain-to-source voltage of other MOSFET operating in the linear region. The increased drain-to-source voltage results in a change in the operating region, which here is from linear to saturation regime. To exploit the performance of the proposed structure, the design of the current mirror circuit is shown in this paper. The proposed architecture when compared with its conventional design showed improvement in performance without affecting the other parameters. The complete design is done using MOSFET models of 180nm technology using Spice at supply dual supply of 0.5V.

Status of self-esteem in medical students at a college in Kathmandu: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Background: Self-esteem is vital to living a happy, confident and content life. Medical students experience various forms of stress due to academic, financial and social pressures which could affect their levels of self-esteem. This study aims to study the status of self-esteem among undergraduates of a medical college at Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Methods: After receiving the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of NAIHS; we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among the first- to fifth-year medical students from December 2020 to April 2021. 190 were selected for the study using a stratified random sampling technique. This study used the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to measure self–esteem of the participants. A Google Forms questionnaire was sent to the participants via email. Then, the data obtained were entered in the Google sheet and later analyzed using SPSS 27. A Chi-square test was used to identify potential differences in self-esteem scores among different variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This study included a total of 180 participants, among which, 18.9% (13.19% to 24.61%; at 95% CI) students showed low self -esteem. 74.4% (68.02% to 80.78%; at 95% CI) students had normal self-esteem and 6.7% (3.05% to 10.35%; at 95% CI) students had high self-esteem. The mean self-esteem score was 19.19 (15.01 to 23.37; at 95% CI). Female participants suffered more than males from low self-esteem, and third-year students had the highest percentage of low self-esteem (30.77%). Conclusion: The majority (74.4%) of medical students had normal self-esteem. However, 18.9% students had low self-esteem, among which, third-year students suffered the most (30.77%). Likewise, females exhibited higher prevalence of low self-esteem compared to males. Interventions to boost the level of self-esteem should be carried out to help medical students become confident and efficient doctors.

Hubungan Antara Self Compassion Dengan Alienasi Pada Siswa SMA Negeri 11 Pekanbaru

Student education does not always run smoothly, partly because of the influence of rejection of being excluded from school and peers, rejection leads to alienation. Alienation is a feeling condition in which someone feels not part of anything that no one cares about by staying away from something. This study aims to determine the relation between self compassion and alienation in students senior high school 11 pekanbaru. The research subjects is120 students of senior high school 11 Pekanbaru. The sampling technique in this research was using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The data collection process uses two scales, the Alienation scale is arranged by haldun (2018) which amounts to 15 items and self compassion scale is arranged by Hasanah and Hidayati (2016) which amounts to 24 items.While the statistical analysis data used in this research is the peason product moment. The result of data analysis showed a correlation coefficient of rxy is -0,186 with p is 0,042 (p&lt;0,05). It can be concluded that there is a negative and significant the relation between Self Compassion and Alienation in students senior high school 11 Pekanbaru. Where the correlation value is negative, it’s mean more high self compassion, the more low in students, the opposite more low self compassion, the more high alienation.

Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Three-Axis Vibration Sensor

This paper proposed a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based three-axis vibration sensor by using only five sensing elements. A composite structure of the cross-beam-type elastomer with multiplexed FBGs has been designed for three-axis vibration sensing. Because of the mechanical decoupling function of the structure and the reasonable arrangement of FBG sensing elements, the designed sensor possesses great advantages of low cross coupling and self temperature compensation capability. Theoretical model of the composite structure has been established, strain distribution and dynamic characteristics of the composite structure have been studied by the finite element analysis method. Amplitude-frequency test result shows that resonant frequencies of the sensor in X, Y, and Z directions were 980Hz, 960Hz, and 640Hz, respectively. Vibration sensitivities in X, Y, and Z directions were 9.7pm/g, 10.13pm/g, and 7.45pm/g, respectively. Vibration calibration test have validated that the designed sensor possess the capability to measure three-axis vibration.

Selfing rate variation within species is unrelated to life-history traits or geographic range position.

In plants, populations and species vary widely along the continuum from outcrossing to selfing. Life-history traits and ecological circumstances influence among-species variation in selfing rates, but their general role in explaining intraspecific variation is unknown. Using a database of plant species, we test whether life-history traits, geographic range position, or abundance predict selfing rate variation among populations. We identified species where selfing rates were estimated in at least three populations at known locations. Two key life-history traits (generation time and growth form) were used to predict within-species selfing rate variation. Populations sampled within a species' native range were assessed for proximity to the nearest edge and abundance. Finally, we conducted linear and segmented regressions to determine functional relationships between selfing rate and geographic range position within species. Selfing rates for woody species varied less than for herbs, which is explained by the lower average selfing rate of woody species. Relationships between selfing and peripherality or abundance significantly varied among species in their direction and magnitude. However, there was no general pattern of increased selfing toward range edges. A power analysis shows that tests of this hypothesis require studying many (i.e., 40+) populations. Intraspecific variation in plant mating systems is often substantial yet remains difficult to explain. Beyond sampling more populations, future tests of biogeographic hypotheses will benefit from phylogeographic information concerning specific range edges, the study of traits influencing mating system (e.g., herkogamy), and measures of abundance at local scales (e.g., population density).

THE EFFECT OF EDMODO – BASED BLENDED LEARNING ON ACCOUNTING LEARNING OUTCOMES VIEWED SELF REGULATED LEARNING

The objective of this research was to investigate the difference effect between the Edmodo - Based Blended Learning and the conventional learning on accounting learning outcomes viewed self regulated learning. This research was an quasi experimental with nonequivalent pretest posttest control-group design. The population of research was the students in semester 4 of classes A, B, and C. The research sample was taken 2 classes, namely class B and class C. The data were analyzed by using the two-way analysis of variance and was continued with the Scheffe test. The findings showed that: (1) there was a difference effect between the Edmodo –Based Blended Learning on accounting learning outcomes; (2) there was a difference effect of the high, moderate, and low self regulated learning on accounting learning outcomes; and (3) there was not an interaction between the Edmodo – Based Blended Learning and the conventional learning with self regulated learning on accounting learning outcomes.

IMPACT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON THE LIVES OF WOMEN

Domestic violence is one of the forms of abuse which is often being executed against women within four walls of the family house.The incidence of violence against women within and outside family has an alarming increase from the last some decades.Domestic violence badly impacts on the health and lives of women victims and they suffered with lack of sleep;depression;frustration, stress,worry and lower self esteem and it also effects on family life and emerge conflicts, misunderstandings, loss of trust, communication gaps, quarrels/fights among family members which often spoils the cordial relationships among the members of the family

Status of self-esteem in medical students of a college in Kathmandu: A descriptive cross sectional study

Background:Self-esteem is vital to livingahappy, confident and content life. Medical students experience various forms of stress due to academic, financial and social pressureswhich could affect their levelsof self-esteem. This study aims to study the status of self-esteem among undergraduates of a medical collegeatTribhuvan University, Nepal. Methods:After receiving the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of NAIHS; we conductedadescriptivecross-sectionalstudy among the first-to fifth-year medical students from December 2020 to April 2021. 190 were selected for the study usingastratified random sampling technique. This study used the Rosenbergself-esteem scale to measure self-esteem of the participants.AGoogle Formsquestionnairewas sentto the participants via email. Then, the data obtained were entered in the Google sheet and later analyzed using SPSS 27.AChi-square test was used toidentify potentialdifferences in self-esteem scoresamong different variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:This study included a total of 180 participants, among which, 18.9% (13.19% to 24.61%; at 95% CI) students showed low self -esteem. 74.4% (68.02% to 80.78%; at 95% CI) students had normal self-esteem and 6.7% (3.05% to 10.35%; at 95% CI) students had high self-esteem. The mean self-esteem score was 19.19 (15.01 to 23.37; at 95% CI). Female participants suffered more than malesfrom low self-esteem, and third-year students had the highest percentage of low self-esteem (30.77%). Conclusion:The majority (74.4%) of medical students had normal self-esteem. However, 18.9% students had low self-esteem, among which, third-year students suffered the most (30.77%). Likewise,females exhibited higher prevalence of low self-esteem compared to males. Interventions to boost the level of self-esteem should be carried out to helpmedical studentsbecome confident and efficient doctors.

Effectiveness of Guidance Programme on Impact of Parental Alcoholism among Adolescents in Selected Schools, Mangaluru, Karnataka

Alcoholism is a commonest growing disease of today’s modern society and affected to millions of Indians. Living with an alcoholic parent can have significant impact on adolescent leaving them into risk. The adolescent of alcoholic parents develop a sort of negligence from their parent make them to be isolated. They grow up with low self esteem, dysfunctional family interaction, insecurity and maladaptive coping is higher risk for them become an alcoholic. The present study aimed to find the effectiveness of guidance programme on impact of parental alcoholism among adolescents in selected schools, Mangaluru, Karnataka. An evaluative approach with one group pre-test - post test design was used. Purposive sampling method was used to select the adolescents of alcoholics. Out of 1420 adolescents screened by CAST and a total of 350 adolescents aged 12 – 15 years were identified as adolescents of alcoholic parent/s. The instruments such as Rosenberg self esteem scale, family interaction pattern scale, security inventory rating scale and coping check list was used for the data collection. The computed inferential statistics revealed that the guidance programme has made significant improvement in the self esteem (t = 60.149), family interaction (t = 30.082), security feeling (t = 30.082), and in coping (t =11.679) of adolescents of alcoholic parents. Computed Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation revealed that there was a low negative correlation(r = -0.041) between self esteem and family interaction, low negative correlation (r = -0.068) between security feelings with family interaction and low positive correlation between the levels of security feeling with self esteem (r = 0.116). Computed Chi Square showed that there was significant association between the selected demographic variable religion ,self esteem, sex, type of family and incomes with pre test scores of family interaction. The study concluded that the guidance program was highly effective in improving the self esteem, family interaction pattern, security felling and coping of adolescents of alcoholic parents.

Genetic diversity of seeds from four German Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seed orchards

In Germany, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) is seen as a valuable species for future cultivation in times of climate change. Local seed production in seed stands and seed orchards may secure that local adaptation is transferred to the next generation, but small population sizes could lower genetic diversity and thus future adaptability. Here we analyse the transfer of genetic diversity from parent to offspring generation in four older German seed orchards. We detected low pollen contamination rates due to high levels of spatial isolation. Even with a relatively low number of 40 clones, seed orchard design with randomized and repeated planting of clones led to low selfing rates, and despite uneven parental contributions, the number of successful parents and the level of genetic intermixture were high enough to allow the transfer of an adequate part of the genetic diversity to the next generation. Larger numbers, however, might be needed to reliably conserve the entire genetic diversity over succeeding generations. Conclusions on the establishment of future seed orchards and regarding areas requiring further research are drawn at the end of the paper.

An Overview Of Self-Control In Adolescent With Nomophobia (No Mobile Phone Phobia)

Introduction: Self control is important to control the use of smartphones to suit their needs. Low self control is one of the factors that cause nomophobia in smartphone users. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the self-control of adolescents with nomophobia.Method: This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological descriptive method through in-depth interviews. There were 15 participants with nomophobia, selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi analysis. Results: This study identified 12 themes. Self-control of adolescents with nomophobia is influenced by the use of smartphones which raises the theme of reasons for using smartphones, conditions that cause smartphone use, the use of smartphones in life, and various features used on smartphones. Low self control causes adolescent to have difficulty controlling the stimulus to always use a smartphone and trigger nomophobia which is described through the theme of the response of nomophobia, the aspect of nomophobia, and the impact of nomophobia. After experiencing nomophobia, adolescents do self-control to control the impact of smartphone use which raises the theme of self-control efforts, parental control, and the aspects of self-control. Adolescent self-control is influenced by sources and barriers that raise the theme of the sources of self- control and the barriers of self-control.Conclusions: Adolescents with nomophobia have low self-control in using smartphones and controlling self-responses when there is no smartphone. Therefore, adolescent self-awareness and the role of parents are needed to increase self-control to prevent nomophobia and the negative impact of excessive smartphone use.

Quality of life and associated factors among women with obstetric fistula in Ethiopia

BackgroundObstetric fistula is an abnormal opening between the vagina and bladder or rectum. Women affected by obstetric fistula are often abandoned by their husbands, stigmatized by the community, physically debilitated and blamed for their conditions. These factors lead the victims to low self esteem, depression and prolonged emotional trauma. The physical, emotional and social suffering associated with continuous leakage of urine has a profound impact on women quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess quality of life and associated factors among obstetric fistula patients in Ethiopia, and it will have a significant role for further intervention.ObjectiveTo assess quality of life and associated factors among obstetric fistula patients in Ethiopia, 2017.MethodsInstitution based cross-sectional study design was conducted at fistula centers in Ethiopia. Systematic sampling technique was used to recruit a total of 289 women with obstetric fistula. The World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) Version was used to assess quality of life. We computed simple and multiple linear regression analysis to assess factors associated with quality of life and P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant. Adjusted unstandardized β coefficient of multiple linear regressions was used to describe associated factors of quality of life.ResultOf 289 women studied, only 12.1% felt satisfied with their general state of health and quality of life. In the physical health domain, the mean quality of life score was 40.78 ± .78. In the psychological domain, the mean quality of life score was 39.96 ± .82. In the social and environmental domain, the mean quality of life score was 32.9 ± .95, 36.45 ± .8, respectively. Duration of incontinence (β = − 3.8,95% CI(− 6.95, − .62), patients coming for surgical procedure (β = − 4.4, 95% CI(− 7.64, − 1.2), poor social support(β = − 6.14, 95%CI (− 8.8, − 3.4), co-morbid anxiety (β = − 4, 95% CI (− 7,-1.1) and depression (β = − 9.2, 95% CI (− 12, − 6.4) were negatively associated with physical domain of quality of life. Co-morbid anxiety (β = − 11,95% CI (− 14.8, − 7.3), employment (β = 9.1,95% CI (.5, 17.6), number of children(β = 2.1,95%CI(.8, 3.4), and depression(β = − 6.3,95%CI(− 9.7, − 2.9) were associated with a psychological domain. Duration of incontinence (β = − 8.1, 95%CI(− 12.82, − 3.4), poor social support (β = − 7.8(− 12, − 3.6), patients coming for surgical procedure (β = − 12, 95%CI (− 17.4, − 6.4) and co-morbid anxiety (β = − 9.2, 95% CI (− 13.8, 4.5) were negatively associated with social domain of quality of life. Number of children present (β = 2.4, 95%CI (.82, 3.6), and poor social support (β = − 5.5, 95%CI (− 9.5, − 1.5) were significantly associated with an environmental domain of quality of life.Conclusion and recommendationCo-morbid depression and anxiety, poor social support, duration of urine incontinence, employment, number of children, and duration of hospital stay were factors significantly associated with domains of QOL. Treating co-morbid depression and anxiety, and social support are necessary to increase women’s quality of life. In addition, it is better to have a plane of income generation victims, and awareness creation about early treatment of the problem for community by the concerned body to improve women quality of life.

Bullying Victimization and Life Satisfaction Among Rural Left-Behind Children in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between bullying victimization and life satisfaction in primary school children and also investigate the interactive effects of left-behind status and bullying victimization on life satisfaction.Materials and Methods: Bullying victimization was measured using the Chinese version of the revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Life satisfaction was assessed using the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS). Life satisfaction is composed of five domains, namely, family, school, friends, environment, and self-satisfaction. Left-behind status of rural children was defined as one or both their parents migrating to working in cities. The data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U tests, Chi-square tests, and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses.Results: A total of 810 primary school children were involved, of which 8.5% reported bullying victimization, and 44.3% were left-behind children (LBC). We found that bullying victimization was negatively associated with all domains of life satisfaction (all p < 0.05). With further left-behind status-stratified analysis, we found that negative association between bullying victimization and friend satisfaction was more profound in the LBC group than in the non-LBC group [b(SE)= −0.133 (0.03) vs. −0.061 (0.026) for LBC and non-LBC, respectively, p < 0.05]. When further interaction analysis was conducted, we identified interaction effects between left-behind status and bullying victimization on friend satisfaction (pinteraction = 0.048). Similar interaction effect between bullying victimization and left-behind status on school satisfaction was also found (pinteraction = 0.004).Conclusions: Bullying victimization was associated with low life satisfaction (including lower family, friends, school, self, and environment satisfaction). There were significant interactions between left-behind status and bullying victimization on friend satisfaction, as well as school satisfaction. Left-behind status of children may exaggerate the impact of bullying victimization on friends/school satisfaction rating.

Teacher Applicants' Self-Efficacy and English Proficiency

Self-efficacy is a belief in one capability in accomplishing a particular task. Most of the related studies concluded that having a high self-efficacy has something to do with high performance at work. It has something to do with an individuals' work output/ production; however, some other literature revealed that it does not have something to do with an individual's performance. On the other side, the English language is the required medium of instruction yet the most feared. This study investigated the self-efficacy towards the English Proficiency Test of the teacher applicants from the Division of Romblon. Findings showed that respondents have Low Self- efficacy status towards English Proficiency Test. It concluded that proficient respondents have a Very Low Self-efficacy among the levels of English Proficiency compared to other levels that reached the Low level. Further, the overall English Proficiency of teacher applicants was at the Beginners level.

Synthesis of novel pseudo-capacitive perovskite nanostructured flowerlike KTaO3 for lithium ion storage

Research and technology development of lithium ion battery is very important nowadays because of its high energy and power density, low self discharge, no/less memory effect, comparatively high current output. It has been largely used in various fields like hybrid electric vehicles (EV's), portable devices, digital cameras and many more. As per our knowledge this is the first report on the synthesis of KTaO3 and examination of electrochemical performance on lithium ion batteries (LIB). The flower like nanostructured KTaO3 exhibits high interfacial area and less path length for charge transfer, which was the main reason to exhibit good electrochemical properties. The average crystallite size of material was confirmed by XRD analysis and found to be ~26 nm. The high irreversible capacity was recorded at 1307 mAh g−1 with high Columbic efficiency (~99%) at potential window of 0.01–3.00 V. Moreover, reversible first discharge capacity was measured at 432 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C current rates with exemplary cyclic stability. The capacity fade was negligible for consecutive cycles. Even at very high current rate (3C) also it presents good capacity of 74 m Ahg−1 with excellent reversibility. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectra prove the less conductive resistance at higher frequency region. Finally the present work explains the excellent electrochemical performance of nanostructured flower like KTaO3 for Li-ion battery as anode material.

Assessment of Perception of Treatment Adherence Among HIV Patients

Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection is surveyed a perplexing issue. It attributes to the transmissibility in addition to its chronicity. Objective: To assess the perception regarding treatment adherence among HIV patients in OPD in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research study design was conducted among 137 patients at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The convenient sampling technique was used. The population that is targeted was only the patients of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Results: The overall result of this study shows that majority of the people have very poor perception about the treatment, and few people have good perception. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that majority of the people had bad perception due to many reason that could be limited support from family, society, stigmatization and low self- esteem. Some people have moderate perception they were responding to the treatment but somehow faced rejection from society. It improved by changing their perception and motivating them. And very low number of people had good perception, they had the to restore their health by receiving the treatment and followed the physician advice

Assessment of Risk Factors and Consequences of Mental Health Problems Among Mental Health Patients Admitted in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Introduction Mental health problem is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Objective To assess the risk factors and consequence of mental health problems among patients admitted in Felege Hiwot Referal Hospital in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methodology: Phenomenological research design was used to conduct this study. Using available sampling, a total of 10 participants were involved. Interview was used as a means of collecting the data. The data was analyzed by thematic and narration techniques of analysis. Result Early life experience, social crises, economic problem, biological causes like brain damage and injury, heredity, drug use, and traditional believes such as sin, curse, witchcraft, evil spirit, herbal medicine are found to be the risk factors. Low self esteem, loneliness, hopelessness, economic problem, suicidal attempt, unable to detect the need of the patients, history taking challenge, low level of patience, low drug adherence, and counter transference are found to be the consequence of mental health problem. Conclusion People with mental health problem in the long run are highly prone to suicidal attempt and commitment as a result mental health problem. Recommendations: Concerned government bodies/Health Bureau/and the people shall work on the problems proactively and minimize the consequences through intensive follow up of people with mental health problems.

Cognitive behavior therapy for low self esteem randomized controlled trial in a psychiatric hospital in Gaza Strip

ABSTRACT Background Focusing on improving the self-esteem of substance users through the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) program is an important factor in addiction treatment. Objectives The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT in improving self-esteem among patients with Substance use disorders (SUDs) in the Gaza Strip. Methods The experimental design was used, 30 male Participants were divided randomly into two groups: experimental and control (n = 15) per group. Both groups received the standard treatment, while only the experimental group underwent the CBT program consisting of (16) sessions over 2 months. All of the subjects completed a self-esteem questionnaire before and after the intervention, and 2 months later (follow-up). Results a statistically significant difference between the two groups in favor of the experimental group in the level of self-esteem was found. There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group regarding the post and follow-up measurements on the self-esteem scale after 2 months, p < 0.05 in self-esteem in posttest and follow-up measurement. Conclusions The study concludes that CBT sessions have been effective and successful in improving self-esteem among patients with SUD.

Enhancing Self Efficacy and Resilience through Integrated Intervention among Sexually Abused Girl Children

Child sexual abuse has been found widespread all over the world. The national crime records bureau (NCRB)point out that, in India, one out of four children will be a causality of sexual mistreatment in each hour. Overthe fear of being sexually abused, one in every five children doesn’t feel secure. The traumatic experienceof sexually being abused children is associated with low self – efficacy, defined as the belief in one’s ownability to effectively function and exercise control within a situation(1). Decreased level of self-efficacydue to sexually being abused also increases the level of negative mental health and behavioral outcomessuch as posttraumatic stress disorder (2).Child sexual abuse has been linked to numerous psychological andbehavioral consequences for survivors throughout their lifetime. Resilience is critical for coping as it meanschildren are better able to deal with life circumstances. Better coping is preventive in the sense that childrenwith resilience resources are better equipped to avoid the development of future problems. The present studyidentifies the effectiveness of the integrated intervention on enhancing self-efficacy and Resilience amongsexually abused girl children. 37 sexually abused children were part of the study. The sample was selectedfrom Government Nirbhaya Home located in Quilon District in Kerala. Based on the statistical analysis theresults are discussed and conclusions are arrived at.

Diabetes and liaison psychiatry: the characteristics of patients with diabetes referred to a liaison psychiatry service in London

AimsTo determine the characteristics of adult patients referred to a Liaison Psychiatry service in a general teaching hospital in London, UK with 950 inpatient adult beds.MethodAll referrals for adult inpatient psychiatric consultation made during a period of 9 months were reviewed; those that involved a patient with a diagnosis of diabetes were analysed. Descriptive statistics were used; data were collected on demographic characteristics and physical and mental health parameters, including type of diabetes, number of years since diabetes diagnosis, glycaemic control, presence of diabetes-related complications, reason for Psychiatry consultation request, psychiatric diagnosis, psychotropic medication, frequency of admissions to general hospital, psychiatric risk issues and outcome of psychiatric consultation.ResultPilot results indicate that 30 diabetic patients were referred for a psychiatric consultation in 9 months. Of those, 9 had type 1 diabetes, 17 had type 2 diabetes and 1had pre-diabetes 3 were unknown. 13 were male and 17 were female; the median age was 46 (range 18 to 68); the ethnicities were 6 White, 15 Black, 1 Asian and 8 other.Diabetes-related complications were present in 77% (retinopathy 10%, kidney disease 27%, neuropathy 13%, diabetic foot 16%). 6% had comorbid cardiovascular disease. 10% were on dialysis and 3% had had amputations.The main reason for referral for psychiatric consultation was low mood and self harm; other reasons were recurrent DKA, anxiety and self neglect. Psychiatric risk issues included 20% risk of self-harm/suicide; 13% risk of violence; 10 risk of self-neglect. The outcomes of liaison psychiatry consultation were: 30% received an assessment that led to recommendations to the general medical team and did not require further psychiatric input; 27% received continued psychiatric follow-up during the admission. With regards to treatment, 36% had psychiatric treatment (including medication) reviewed; 47% received general treatment recommendations, including recommendations for new laboratory or radiological investigations or change in level of nursing care. 20% required transfer to an inpatient psychiatric unit, with 33% discharged to care of community mental health.ConclusionOur findings indicate the scope of practice for a Liaison Psychiatry service with regards to adult hospital inpatients with diabetes. Our data suggest that patients with type 2 diabetes are the majority of inpatients with diabetes that require psychiatric consultations, and that the majority of those are patients already known to psychiatric services due to long-term severe mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder. Most of those patients have medical comorbidities and severe diabetes-related complications. Patients with type 1 diabetes, despite making up a smaller proportion of referrals for psychiatric consultations, also tend to have recurrent hospital admissions and features of self-neglect.