Low Plasticity Clay Research Articles

The effect of basalt fiber use on the unconfined compressive strength of low plasticity clay

Düşük dayanıma sahip killerin dayanımlarını artırmak amacıyla yapılan ve stabilizasyon olarak adlandırılan güçlendirme işlemlerinde farklı katkı malzemeleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu malzemelerden en yaygın olarak kullanılanları ise fiberlerdir. Son yıllarda, maliyetlerinin düşük, dayanımlarının yüksek ve kolay ulaşılabilir olmalarından dolayı zeminlerin güçlendirilmesinde fiberlerin kullanılması, geleneksel kimyasal stabilizasyon yöntemlerine bir alternatif olarak araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Farklı türleri olan fiberlerden bazalt fiberlerin kullanımı ekonomik ve çevreci olmaları nedeniyle artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bazalt fiberin kaolin kilinin dayanımı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Farklı oranlarda (kuru ağırlıkça %0, 1, 2 ve 3) bazalt fiberin farklı su içeriklerindeki (%20, 25, 30 ve 35) zemine eklenmesiyle zeminin dayanımında meydana gelen değişimleri incelemek için serbest basınç deneyleri yapılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar sonrasında kile %25 oranında su ve %1 oranında bazalt fiber eklenmesi sonucu serbest basınç dayanımının maksimum olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre başarılı bir güçlendirmede fiber oranı ile birlikte su oranı da büyük bir etkiye sahiptir.

Effect of Fines Content on Pore Distribution of Sand/Clay Composite Soil

Plant sand fixation is the most durable and environmentally friendly sand mitigation measure for windblown sand hazards. For aeolian–sand composite soil, the fines content is the main factor affecting the pore size distribution characteristics and determines the soil water retention characteristics. Sandy soil with uniform particle size was used as the material, low-plasticity clay as a fine particle, and composite soils with different fines content were prepared. The evolution of the pore size distribution of composite soils was quantitatively determined using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology, and the influence of the fines content on the pore size distribution was obtained. The results show that as the fines content increases, the pore size first increases and then decreases. The pore size distribution curve gradually changes from a single-peak structure to a double-peak structure and becomes a unimodal structure again. The corresponding dominant pore size of composite soils increases first and then decreases with the increase in the fines content. A critical fine particle content is identified to control the strong local honeycomb pore structure of composite soils, which provides a theoretical basis for the material selection and design of plant sand fixation measures.

Improvement of Low Plasticity Clay with Crushed Glass: A Mechanical and Microstructural Study

AbstractLow plasticity clays are found in abundance worldwide, exerting undue stresses on civil structures, road pavements and railway infrastructure, owing to the periodic settlement caused by their low bearing capacity and slight swelling potential. They are often encountered as natural soil when constructing road subgrade and have the potential to compromise the integrity of the entire pavement system unless improved appropriately. Furthermore, the accumulation of vast quantities of non-biodegradable glass waste is identified as a challenge in many countries. Considering the above, this paper aims to provide a sustainable solution by studying the effect of crushed glass (CG) at varied inclusions of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% in a clay subgrade. The testing procedure implemented includes three distinct testing phases, namely, material properties, microstructural properties and mechanical strength tests. The material property tests involved particle size distribution, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing. Microstructural tests considered include scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-CT (CT) testing, which enabled a vital understanding of how the introduction of glass affects the internal structure of the clay matrix, where an increase in the porosity was evident upon adding CG. The mechanical testing phase involved standard compaction, unconfined comprehensive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), resilient modulus and swelling–shrinkage tests. It can be concluded that introducing CG improved the clay’s mechanical strength with respect to UCS, CBR and resilient modulus whilst also reducing its swelling potential, where the optimum inclusion of CG at 15% best enhanced the mechanical strength properties of the low plasticity clay.

Studi Karakteristik Propertis Tanah di Kecamatan Polen Kabupaten TTS

Knowing soil characteristics is very important for an engineer to ensure the safety of buildings above the ground. Therefore, conducting a soil investigation in the laboratory and field testing The island of Timor, especially in the Polen sub-district, Timor Tengah Selatan district, has fine-grained soil deposits. In the sub-district area, a large dam is being built, namely the Temef Dam and the main road link connecting one city and four regencies on the island of Timor also. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the soil both physically and mechanically through laboratory testing. The results showed that the location in Puna Village was clay of low plasticity, while the Loli Village had high plasticity clay deposits. The higher of soil's plasticity index, the higher the potential for swelling of the soil. The increased swelling potential causes the low shear strength of the soil. Clay with low shear strength cannot support the construction load on it. Therefore, before the construction of the building on it, it is necessary to improve the soil. In addition to its weaknesses, on the other hand, impermeable clay is used in the dam core material, where the location of material extraction is still within reach so that the work becomes economical.

Effect of Various Aspects of Joints on Permeability of Jointed Glacial Till, Northeastern Ohio

ABSTRACT Glacial till bluffs along Lake Erie's shoreline, northeastern Ohio, contain three sets of joints that influence the hydraulic behavior of till mass like joints in rock influence the hydraulic behavior of rock mass. According to the Unified Soil Classification System, the till classifies as low plasticity silt to low plasticity clay, with a clay content of 36–41 percent. Mineralogically, it consists of quartz, illite, and kaolinite. The joints in till are either open or filled with sand, silt, or both from the overlying lacustrine material or with disintegrated till from the joint walls. We used double-ring infiltration and dye tests to estimate field permeability. Laboratory permeability tests were performed on dry and saturated samples of till material, with manually created joints that were either kept open or filled with sand or disintegrated till material to simulate field conditions. Field and laboratory test results showed that permeability of jointed till depended upon whether the joints were open or filled, the nature of the joint-filling material, and the water content of the till (dry versus saturated) and that permeability generally decreased with increasing test time. Dry samples exhibited a substantially larger decrease in permeability than saturated samples, with the largest decrease occurring during the first 24 hours. Open joints in dry samples collapsed during the test procedure, and the permeability of these samples was generally similar to the permeability of the collapsed till material. Permeability tests on saturated samples with open joints were inconclusive. We present a comparison of field and laboratory test results.

Effect of Bamboo biochar on strength and water retention properties of low plastic clay and silty sand

Biochar is a carbon-rich stable product derived from the thermochemical decomposition of biomass. The properties of biochar vary with types of feedstock, heating rate, pyrolysis temperature, etc. Consequently, the mechanical and hydrological properties of biochar amended soil (BAS) also differ with types of biochar and soils. However, the effect of bamboo biochar (BB) amendment on soil strength and water retention properties is missing in the previous literature. Bamboo biomass was pyrolysed at 600 °C to produce biochar. BB and soils (low plastic clay (CL) and silty sand (SM)) were mixed to prepare BAS. The samples were prepared by mixing BB in five ratios, i.e., 0%, 1%, 2%, 3.5% and 5% of dry soil weight. The biochar application has increased optimum moisture content, alkalinity (pH) and Atterberg limits, whereas, reduced maximum dry density and specific gravity of both the soils (CL and SM). The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of CL soil was noted to increase by 10.5% with 2% biochar content and decreased after that, whereas the UCS of SM soil was found to decrease continuously with the biochar content increment. Therefore, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) result showed that biochar application has contrary effects on both soils. The measured gravimetric water content (GWC) of BAS was increased with biochar increment in both soils. However, GWC increased more in CL than in SM soil at the same biochar content. The microstructural analysis showed that the biochar amendment filled the pore space of the soil matrix, resulting in an increase in UCS and GWC values. The increased water retention capacity and strength (UCS) of biochar amended CL soil provides evidence that it could be used as a landfill cover material.

Development of Innovative Plate Load Testing Equipment for In-Situ Saturated Clays Soils

This study proposes a method of gradually loading plate load on-site using lever arms to squeeze out pore water from clayey soils, allowing the soil to settle. Several types of tests were conducted, including a conventional field plate load test (CFPLT), a numerical field plate load test (NFPLT) and an innovative field plate load test (IFPLT) proposed in this study. Three trial pits with soils of varied engineering properties were studied using CFPLT, which employed the use of a heavy jack for load application, the NFPLT test using PLAXIS and an IFPLT, which employed a lever arm to magnify the applied static load. Disturbed soil samples collected from these trial pits were tested for index properties while the undisturbed soil samples were tested using the undrained triaxial compression test (UTCT) and laboratory consolidation tests. The results of the index properties classified these three clay soils as silt of low plasticity (ML) for clay from site 1, and clay of low plasticity (CL) for clay from site 2 and 3. The cohesion and angle of internal friction from the UTCT recorded cohesion values were 28, 29 and 37 kN/m2 for sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while the angle of internal friction values were 13, 8 and 6° for sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The plate load testing using the three methods showed similar graph pattern except that the allowable load occurred at approximately 350 kN/m2 for the CFPLT and 150 kN/m2 for the IFPLT. The high value of bearing capacity in CFPLT is due to the short period of time taken to load from a jack, which allowed the test to be completed within a short period of time. The ultimate bearing capacities computed from the laboratory test have values of 315.0, 231.0 and 270.0 kN/m2 for sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively. These values agree closely with the bearing capacities obtained for CFPLT but higher than the values recorded for the IFPLT. This is probably due to the long period of sustained loading during testing, which allowed for dissipation of pore water during each loading. Settlements obtained using the IFPLT were close to 25 mm, which is recommended as minimum settlements for building structures BS 8004, 1986.

Increase of cracking resistance of ceramic masses of low-plastic clay

The object of research is the physical and chemical processes of forming the structure and properties of ceramic masses based on local low-melting clay raw materials of the Kyiv region of Ukraine by adjusting the chemical and mineralogical composition and technological regimes. Building ceramic materials are durable, ecological and natural. They provide increased comfort of buildings due to the creation of a favorable temperature and humidity climate of the premises. When using low-melting raw materials in production, there is a need to develop ways and methods to improve the quality of building ceramics. The efficiency of the manufacture of ceramic products largely depends on the processes that occur during drying. This is of crucial importance and affects the quality of finished products and accounts for 10–12 % of the total cost of finished products. Polymineral clay compositions with the addition of natural mineral raw materials are mainly used for the production of construction materials. For effective use of these materials, it is necessary to study their technological properties. Therefore, the question of researching masses based on low-melting clays with high sensitivity to drying, and the use of zeolite-containing mineral rock as an admixture is relevant. This will allow expanding the nomenclature of building ceramics products. Modern physico-chemical and physico-technological methods of research of raw materials and masses based on them during drying were used to solve the task of obtaining ceramic material from local raw materials with the use of a non-deficient natural additive of zeolite-containing rock as an admixture. The conducted studies indicate that the addition of zeolite-containing rock can be used to improve the drying properties of ceramic masses based on low-melting clays. Adding admixture of zeolite-containing rock also increased the compressive strength of finished products, which ensures defect-free transportation of products to other technological operations.

Validity of the Injana Claystones as Fillers AL-Hajaj, Northern Salah-Alddin, Iraq

This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the Injana Formation clays for filling material in the Al-Hajaj area, Salah Aal-Din. The exposed rocks are Injana formation, in addition to the Quaternary Deposit. four stations were studied to determine their suitability as materials for dams. Geotechnical properties show that the type of clay is low plasticity clay and the chemical analyses show that the ratio of total dissolved salts ranges between 1.35-3.45 %, while the ratio of gypsum content ranges from 0.22-0.29. In the last, the geotechnical properties of Injana clays are accepted as filling materials for earth-fill dams when compare with National Center for Laboratories and Construction Sciences, 2003, Building Materials Specification, Sorb /R5. The aim of this study is to estimate the geotechnical properties of the clay rocks including petrophysical properties and Chemical properties and know the viability of clays for filling dams in the study area as filler material based on Iraq specification, 2003, Sorb/R5.

Utilizing Rice Hull Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement in Producing Soil-Cement: Materials for Deep Mix Soil Stabilization

Stabilization of residual soils is studied chemically using cement and Rice Hull Ash (RHA). The investigation includes the evaluation of the physical properties of the soil and its classification. Furthermore, changes in the unit weight, the specific gravity of non-treated and treated with 5-25% RHA partially replacing soil-cement samples, and the moisture content of non-treated and treated soil before and after curing (21 days) were also examined. Moreover, ultimately, an investigation as to what percentage of RHA in partially replacing cement would produce the largest compressive strength and shear strength has also been done in this study. Tests showed that the soil was CL (Low Plasticity Clay) and that it has been found out the unit weight increases as the treatment of percentage increases. The specific gravity also increases with the further addition of cement but decreases when the amount of RHA is noticeable in the mix. As to moisture content, it has been found that there were always changes in the water content before and after curing for hydration. Moreover, the Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial test was also employed to determine the changes in the strength of non-treated and untreated soil. It has been found that the maximum deviator stress peaked at 20 % RHA replacement, as do the internal friction angle and cohesion value, hence the maximum shear strength, for all confining pressures. These parameters have proved that RHA 20% partial replacement has the potential to Deep Mix Method (DMM) in strength and economics.

DETERMINATION OF THE ATTERBERG LIMITS USING A FALL CONE DEVICE ON LOW PLASTICITY SILTY SANDS

The Fall cone liquid limit testing procedure for low plasticity soil mixtures with sand, including the sample preparation procedure and the implementation of Fall cone plastic limit determination suggestions are covered within this research. A Fall cone apparatus was used in order to determine the liquid and plastic limits of soil types, for which the Casagrande cup and thread rolling methods proved inapplicable. Several issues are addressed concerning standardized sample mixture preparation and cup filling procedures for liquid limit testing, as well as the applicability of single measurements per moisture content and the effect of curing time on data gain quality. Both liquid and plastic limit testing results show a solid and expected linear trend of high precision. Liquid limit testing results correlate well with the existing data which suggests the Fall cone method as a unique liquid limit testing method for mixtures of low plasticity clays with sand. Plastic limit determination methods results show a deviation from values obtained with the classical Casagrande’s thread rolling method which could be caused by the bias in the tested soil type or apparatus. Test results are presented numerically and graphically and discussed with a focus on the given method applicability for determining Atterberg limits of low plasticity soil mixtures with sand.

The Validity of the Quaternary Deposits as a Filling Materials in Embankment Dames in Al-Shirqat City / Northern Iraq

The research aims to show the validity of the quaternary sediments in the north of Al-Shirqat district as filling materials for dams. Samples were collected from (4) stations representing these sediments in the region. Geotechnical examinations showed that the sediments of this region are clay of low plasticity (CL) and alluvial (ML) having the values ​​of specific weight ranged between (2.65-2.71). Chemical analyzes showed that the gypsum ranges between (1.35-8.08) %, and the percentage of total soluble salts ranged between (3.61-11.52) %, while the pH values ​​were between (8.00-8.11). When comparing the results of geotechnical tests with the physical and chemical specifications of the filling soils according to the specifications of materials and construction works for the National Center for Construction Laboratories and Research, 2003, it shows that all the geotechnical properties of the second station were identical, as well as matching the volumetric gradient, liquidity limit and plasticity factor of stations (4,3,1), except for ratios of total dissolved salts and gypsum content which were out of the limits of the specifications for stations (4,3,1).

Assessment of existing Vs-Lab correlations regarding Eastern Canadian clays

The small strain shear modulus, Gmax, is an important parameter for characterizing the seismic response of deposits to dynamic loading. The parameter is related to shear wave velocity (Gmax=ρVs2) only via the soil density. Existing Vs correlations established in the laboratory were compiled in this paper and grouped into different general forms. Laboratory Vs measurements using the piezoelectric ring-actuator technique, P-RAT, incorporated in conventional oedometer cells, were performed for six Eastern Canadian clay deposits. Specific correlations were established between normalized shear wave velocities, Vs1, with the overconsolidation (OCR) and void ratios (e). The paper examines the applicability of existing correlations by comparing Vs1 values obtained from P-RAT correlations to those predicted by published laboratory correlations. While several correlations can be used to predict Vs for Eastern Canadian clay, the applicability of other correlations has however been questioned. The analysis reveals the importance of considering the effect of the percentage of fine particles (<2 μm). This effect changes the void ratio variation range, which in turn has a significant impact on Vs values. Furthermore, two general correlations are suggested based on P-RAT results and considering the clay content of analyzed sites. These general correlations can be readily used to estimate Vs1 values for low and high plasticity clays.

Drained Axial Pipe-Soil Resistance at Low Confinement Using Tilt Table and Direct Shear Tests

Establishing a reliable value for the axial pipe–soil interface resistance is critical for the design of offshore pipelines. Over the last few years, several independent research groups have modified existing methodologies or devised new testing setups to further develop our understanding of the behavior of the pipe–soil interface at low contact stresses. The most common laboratory experimental methods adopted have been based on either tilt table tests or interface direct shear tests. However, a direct comparison between the results of these two testing methodologies has not been established. This paper aims at designing and fabricating a tilt table and interface direct shear setup capable of accurately estimating the drained interface resistance at low normal stresses, in addition to comparing their results under identical testing conditions. Both setups tested the drained clay–solid interface response by varying the soil composition (high and low plasticity clay), the interface roughness (smooth and rough), and the normal stress range. Results showed that the drained residual failure envelopes for the clays and clay–solid interfaces were nonlinear and could be modeled by a simple power model. The interface response was clearly dependent on the interface roughness, particularly when the roughness was normalized with the mean grain size. In the case of smooth interfaces, identical friction angles were obtained from the tilt table and the interface direct shear, whereas in the case of rough interfaces, the interface direct shear yielded lower friction angle values.

Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on Mechanical Properties of Gypsum-Treated Soil

The introduction of nanomaterial into structural engineering has resulted in improved compressive and flexural strengths of concrete. Whereas, very little research has been carried out in exploring its benefits in the field of geotechnical engineering. In this study, the effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the properties of gypsum (cementitious agent) treated low plastic clays were investigated. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and direct shear tests were conducted on untreated and treated samples with varying gypsum contents (9–18% by weight) and MWCNTs, (0.001–0.1% by weight of gypsum). The durability study of optimum treated sample was conducted by curing them for 2–28 days in unsoaked and soaked conditions. Results revealed that UCS, cohesion, and angle of internal friction of the treated samples improved up to 414, 232, and 78%, respectively, compared to untreated samples. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the treated samples also carried out. SEM results revealed that MWCNTs act as nano-fillers and nano-reinforcements, reducing the inter-particle spacing, resulting in a denser, stiffer, and stronger soil skeleton matrix, and ultimately improving the mechanical properties of soil. Therefore, nanomaterials can be used as potential contenders in soil stabilization for enhancing the mechanical properties of the soils.

Coupling effect of superfine zeolite and fiber on enhancing the long-term performance of stabilized/solidified Pb-contaminated clayey soils.

The focus of the present study was on the applicability of superfine zeolite (SZ) and polypropylene fibers in improving the geo-environmental parameters as well as the durability of cement-based stabilized/solidified low plasticity clay containing different dosages of Pb. The leaching data revealed that while adding a low range (≤ 7.5%) of sole cement even in the severely polluted soils could fully eliminate the Pb bioavailability, the metal retention capacity might portray a marked sensitivity to the acid-washing process. A major reduction was also observed in the mechanical/leaching performance of those samples after undergoing the wetting-drying (w-d) cycle, especially at a high proportion of Pb, which could weaken the cementation bonding dramatically; hence, much more cement was needed to pass the required stabilization/solidification (S/S) standards. Besides, the micro level tests indicated that the application of SZ (with 25% cement replacement) would alleviate the Pb declining impact on the S/S reactions and modify the porous network of soil. As a result, the specimens amended by cement-SZ (CSZ) were more functional (~ 1.4 times) in immobilizing the toxic ions than the cement alone was. However, the CSZ admixture might not perfectly restrain the w-d forces/deteriorations. Such a potential drawback was found to be solvable by the insertion of fiber, in which case, an enhancement in the ductility and the metal capsulation could be also manifested. In fact, the CSZ/fiber treatment could form a well-intertwined matrix, showing high success rates in stabilizing/solidifying the contaminated soils alongside a significant decrease (~ 2-folds) in the quantity of needed amount of cement to give the S/S satisfactory operation under the harsh environmental conditions.

Caves in clastic rocks (Muğla, SW Türkiye)

Caves evolution is controlled by lithological properties, discontinuities, water, climate, and physico-mechanical properties of soluble rocks, vegetation and human impact. This study investigates the cave formation in Upper Miocene-Pliocene clastic rock in Menteşe town of Muğla. The lithology, physico-mechanical properties and hydrogeologic factors of host rocks and morphology of the caves in Asar Hill and Damlam stream valley were examined. The caves are 1.47-9.71 m long, 2.24-19.36 m wide and 1.38-27 m high. Four joint sets and bedding planes affect the clastics in the Asar Hill area. Mudstones (low plasticity clay, sandy clay) are in soft-very soft rock, while conglomerate is in moderate-hard rock class. The mudstone removal has started the formation of the caves. The vegetation roots act as groundwater circulation paths in the Damlam stream area. Water has eroded mudstone and muddy matrix of conglomerate following cracks and led to the formation of the caves. Water infiltration may have led to stalactite, flowstone and travertine formation in Damlam stream caves. Possible cave collapse could threaten life and property in the Asar Hill area, and may cause the destruction of internal structures of the caves in the Damlam stream. Thus, precautionary measures such as continuous monitoring and protection must be taken in both cave areas.

Multidisciplinary Approach to Agricultural Biomass Ash Usage for Earthworks in Road Construction.

Agricultural biomass has great bioenergy potential due to its availability, and it is a carbon-free energy source. During biomass incineration, biomass ash is formed, which is still considered as a waste without proper disposal and management solutions. Various biomass ash utilization options were investigated, mainly concerning engineering issues (the mechanical characterization of newly produced building materials or products), and there is a lack of knowledge of environmental issues arising from this “waste” material utilization in civil engineering practice. The main aim of this research is discussion of a different agricultural biomass characteristics as a fuel, the impact of agricultural biomass ashes (ABA) on the mechanical properties of stabilized soil with a particular emphasis on the environmental impacts within this kind of waste management. The results of this study indicate improved geotechnical characteristics of low-plasticity clay stabilized by lime/ABA binder. In addition to mechanical characterization for materials embedded in road embankments and subgrades, appropriate environmental risk assessment needs to be performed, and the results of this study indicate that the amount of ABAs added to the soil for roadworks should not have adverse effects on the soil fauna in the surrounding environment.

Elaboration of the geotechnical map of ain temouchent-city (Algeria)

Abstract The region of Ain-Témouchent is a seismic zone; its land is predominately agricultural and shows complex structures, with many problems linked to the development of urbanized areas; these problems are directly or indirectly related to the geotechnical conditions of soil. The purpose of the present research is to build a database from the different measurements carried out in the region, and to conduct tests in places where information is not available in order to consider the entire perimeter of the study area. Once the database is completed, an analysis of all the data will be carried out using a numerical tool in order to establish the geotechnical map of the city. This map will certainly allow all decision-makers and designers to have clear and precise information when proposing or designing new structures. The geotechnical mapping of Ain-Temouchent soils based on 178 observations divided these soils into ten groups. Eight of them according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS): CH (High plasticity clay), CL (Low plasticity clay), MH (High plasticity silt), ML (Low plasticity silt), SC (clayey sand), SM (Silty sand), GM (Silty gravel with sand), OH (organic soil of high plasticity). The other two groups are rocky soils: basalts (hard volcanic rock with high resistance), and limestone turf (sedimentary rock).

Low plasticity clay stabilized with cement and zeolite: An experimental and environmental impact study

To mitigate environmental issues caused by conventional binders and gain superior geotechnical properties, pozzolanic materials can be considered for soil stabilization purposes. Herein, the effectiveness of zeolite for enhanced treatment of cement-stabilized clay was studied by measuring pH, maximum dry unit weight (MDUW), optimum moisture content (OMC), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and accumulated loss of mass (ALM), as well as carrying out scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Then, the life cycle assessment (LCA) analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of cement and zeolite production and their use as stabilizing agents in clayey soil. The soil was stabilized by 2, 4, 6, and 8% cement contents and 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% cement replacements with zeolite. Furthermore, 56-day curing time was considered to assure accomplishment of hydration and pozzolanic reactions. Besides, samples were exposed to up to 8 wetting-drying cycles to evaluate durability-based parameters. The environmental impacts of the combination of cement, zeolite, and clay for constructing a one-kilometer pavement subgrade in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption in production, transportation, and execution were studied using LCA. Finally, Al2O3, SiO2, and CaO components were discussed to react with one another and to participate in the chemical reactions as the active composition (AC). UCS results indicated that up to 15% cement content replacement with zeolite, strength increased whereas it reduced thereafter. UCS and ALM were observed to decrease and increase during wetting-drying cycles, respectively. The efficacy of optimum zeolite percentage was more noticeable in higher cement percentages, both in terms of mechanical and durability tests. LCA confirmed that the efficiency of energy consumption and GHG emissions reduced with increasing zeolite. Also, for the samples containing zeolite and cement, the porosity parameter (n)/AC was nominated as a key controlling parameter for determining the UCS, ALM, consumed energy, and the produced CO2. Regarding the experimental program and LCA, the use of zeolite instead of cement is highly recommended both in terms of moisture changes, mechanical properties and environmental aspects.