Low Nickel Research Articles

Self-combustion Ni and Co-based perovskites as catalyst precursors for ammonia decomposition. Effect of Ce and Mg doping

LaCo1-xNixO3 perovskites have been synthesized by self-combustion, characterized, and examined as catalyst precursors for the COx-free hydrogen production from catalytic ammonia decomposition at low temperatures. The influence of the cobalt content as well as the addition of two dopant in different amount was studied and optimized. Small Ni crystallite size and high total basic sites were found to remarkably enhance the catalytic activity. Moreover, bimetallic perovskites generated cobalt/nickel in higher size, higher impurities and lower active sites than pure nickel perovskite, which decreased the ammonia conversion. On the other hand, the addition of dopant in adequate amount over pure Ni perovskite (La0.1A0.9NiO3; A = Ce or Mg) generated catalyst with low nickel crystallite size and high basicity delivering superior catalytic performance. Catalysts were demonstrated to be stable for at least 40 h. In fact, 96 % and 98 % ammonia conversion were achieved at low temperature (400 °C), when La0.1Ce0.9NiO3 and La0.1Mg0.9NiO3 were employed, resulting from the synergic effect between La-Ce and Ni-Mg-La. Presenting the Mg-doped perovskite the highest catalytic activity at the mild temperature of 350 °C.This study provides new insight in designing diverse catalyst precursors to develop economic and efficient catalysts to achieve high ammonia conversion (high hydrogen production) at low temperature and enhance the ammonia perspective as hydrogen carrier toward the ‘hydrogen economy’.

Crack path and liquid metal embrittlement specificity of austenitic steels in mercury at room temperature

A liquid metal embrittlement specificity of three austenitic steels with increasing nickel content (304 L, 316 L and 316L(N)) is studied in liquid mercury in the axisymmetric notched geometry. Only the low nickel alloys are susceptible to LME. The crack path of an austenitic steel fracture induced by liquid mercury has been elucidated at microstructural scale. Deformation induced martensite (γ(fcc) → α’(bcc)) of the low nickel steels induces numerous α’/α’ interfaces at small scale that are susceptible to be embrittled. Because the only steel that resists LME is the one that shows stability over α’ phase change due mostly to its higher nickel content, a point confirmed by X Ray fractography, it is inferred that the major factor contributing to the LME sensitivity at room temperature is the α’ phase formation in unstable austenitic steels during plastic strain. This provides a sound rationale on how to prevent mercury induced embrittlement with austenitic steels.

Bimetallic nickel-palladium nanoparticles with low Ni content and their enhanced ethanol oxidation performance: Using a pulsed laser as modification machinery

Currently, the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) is complicated and requires several chemicals and a high amount of energy. Therefore, it is crucial to advance a novel method for synthesizing bimetallic NPs with excellent electrocatalytic activity. Herein, 3 nm bimetallic nickel-palladium (NiPd) NPs were synthesized via facile pulsed laser irradiation (PLI) method without using any reducing agents. The synthesized NPs included a very low nickel (Ni) content of approximately 4–8 wt% due to the reduction potential difference between the Ni and Pd. The cohesive force between the particles also increased, based on the high Ni content. The electrochemical results indicated that the synthesized NPs showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for use in an ethanol oxidation reaction in an alkaline electrolyte. The obtained bimetallic NiPd NPs with a Ni content of 5 wt% offered a superior mass activity of 4.26 A/mgPd compared with other NPs. This study highlighted that the PLI method showed great potential for synthesizing highly electrocatalytically active bimetallic NiPd NPs for use in an ethanol oxidation reaction.

Human Health Risks from Metal Contamination in Dustfall

In the current study, dustfall during 2019 was collected at 10 sites in Cairo, Egypt, to analyze the metal contents and assess the rate of metal deposition as well as the risks of exposure to metals by analyzing the results using techniques of contamination assessment methods to determine the Geoaccumulation Index of metal pollution (Igeo), hazard index (HI), and hazard quotient (HQ). The results of the current study show that the annual rate of dustfall during 2019 in Greater Cairo was 32.8 g/m2 per month. The highest deposition rate was recorded during the autumn, while the lowest deposition rate was recorded during the summer. According to Muller’s classification, it appears that the examined sites in Greater Cairo were virtually uncontaminated with Cr, Cu, Ba, Mn, Fe, and As; low nickel and zinc contamination; moderately contaminated with Pb, Cd, and Sb; and highly contaminated with Ag, Se, and B. Cancer risk values (R) indicate an increased risk of cancer developing between 1/1,000,000 persons to 1/10,000 persons. In the case of children, the R values for Ni, Cr, As, and Cd were above 1.0 × 10−4. This indicates an increased risk of cancer. The R values for Pb were less than 1.0 × 10−6 – 1.0 × 10−4 for Greater Cairo, indicating no significant cancer risk for this metal.

Citric-Acid-Assisted Preparation of Biochar Loaded with Copper/Nickel Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Dye Degradation

Immobilization of nanocatalysts on biochar is receiving unprecedented interest among material and catalysis scientists due to its simplicity, versatility, and high efficiency. Herein, we propose a new direct approach to obtain bimetallic copper/nickel nanoparticles loaded on olive stone biochar. The bimetallic-coated biochar and the reference materials, namely bare biochar, copper rich-loaded biochar, and nickel-loaded biochar, were prepared by pyrolysis from olive pit powder particles impregnated first with citric acid (CA) and then with copper and nickel nitrates at 400 °C under nitrogen flow. We employed citric acid in the process in order to examine its effect on the structural and textural properties of biochar supporting the metallic nanoparticles. Surprisingly, citric acid induced the formation of agglomerated or even raspberry-shaped bimetallic copper/nickel nanoparticles. Large 450–500 nm agglomerates of ~80 nm bimetallic CuNi NPs were noted for B-CA@CuNi. Interestingly, for biochar material prepared with initial Cu/Ni = 10 molar ratio (B-CA@CuNi10/1), the bimetallic NPs formed unusual nanoraspberries (174 ± 8 nm in size), which were agglomerates of individual 10–20 nm CuNi10/1 nanoparticles. The B-CA@CuNi and reference materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and magnetometry. The B-CA@CuNi and B-CA@Ni materials could be efficiently attracted with a magnet but not B-CA@CuNi10/1 due to the low nickel loading. B-CA@CuNi was tested as a catalyst for the degradation of methyl orange (MO). Discoloration was noted within 10 min, much faster than a similar material prepared in the absence of CA. B-CA@CuNi could be recycled at least 3 times while still exhibiting the same fast catalytic discoloration performance. This paper stresses the important role of citric acid in shaping bimetallic nanoparticles loaded in situ on biochar during the slow pyrolysis process and in enabling faster catalytic discoloration of organic dye solution.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Co-Free, Low Ni-10 Mo-1.2 Ti Maraging Steel.

Production of high-quality maraging steel is dependent not only on the production technology but also on the alloying design and heat treatment. In this work, cobalt-free, low nickel, molybdenum-containing maraging steel was produced by melting the raw materials in a vacuum induction melting furnace and then refining with a shielding gas electroslag remelting unit. The critical transformation temperatures of the investigated steel samples were determined experimentally by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and theoretically aiding Thermo-Calc software. Types and chemical composition plus volume fraction and starting precipitation temperature of suggested constituents calculated with the aid of Thermo-Calc software. The microstructures of forged steel specimens that were heat-treated under several conditions were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscattering (EBSD), in addition to transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of the investigated steel specimens were evaluated by measuring the tensile strength properties and micro-hardness, furthermore, estimating their fracture surface using scanning electron microscopy at lower magnification. The metallographic results show that the microstructure of steel in aged conditions includes high-alloyed martensite and nickel-rich phase, in addition to the low-alloyed-retained-austenite, intermetallic compounds, and lavas-phase (MoCr). Furthermore, TEM and EBSD studies emphasized that the produced steel has high dislocation density with nano-sized precipitate with an average size of ~19 ± 1 nm. Moreover, the metallographic results show that the mentioned microstructure enhances the tensile properties by precipitation strengthening and the TRIP phenomenon. The tensile strength results show that the n-value of investigated steel passes two stages and is comparable with the n-value of TRIP-steel. Steel characterized by 2100 MPa ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation of more than 7% can be produced by the investigated production routine and optimum heat treatment conditions.

Effective target arrangement for detecting the properties of Ni doped diamond-like carbon by pulsed laser deposition

In the current study, diamond-like carbon (DLC) was synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in a vacuum at room temperature, focusing on Ni-dopant concentration and arrangement of Ni strips in both parallel and transverse positions. The morphology and structural properties of Ni-DLC films were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, cross-section analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle (CA), and nanoindentation test. AFM images exhibit the new shapes of Ni-DLC thin films, named conic and nano-mushroom particles. The Raman spectra of Ni-DLC films show that the calculated intensities D-line to G-line ratio experiences a decrease with increasing Ni dopants in the transverse arrangement while the parallel arrangement represents a different trend. The stoichiometry of Ni-DLC thin films has been reported from the cross-section of thin films. It is also observed from the measured CA that the hydrophilic properties of Ni-DLCs increase in the transverse arrangement. Low nickel content in diamond-like carbon matrix exhibited the dominance of diamond phase and good mechanical properties have been found.

Control of the bainitic structure for a wear-resisting hard-faced rail track

Abstract Carbide-free bainite with filmlike retained austenite structure has been reported for its higher wear resistance and toughness compared with conventional bainite and pearlite structure. In order to take advantage from such beneficial structure, this study employs the surface welding method with self-shielded wire electrode containing low carbon (0.15 mass%), high silicon, and nickel on two pearlitic rail steels, R260 and R350HT. The preheating temperature and other welding parameters were carefully selected to avoid too high dilution, which leads to martensite formation. The weld metal, heat-affected zone, and base material were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness and wear tests were carried out to ensure improved properties after the surface repair. The results show significant improvements in hardness and wear rate in weld metal compared with the base material.

Comparative life cycle cost assessment of (lean) duplex stainless steel in wastewater treatment environments

Some unit operations in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), such as settling tanks and pipes for aeration or sludge transfer, are composed of austenitic stainless steel (EN 1.4307 or EN 1.4404) instead of galvanised or painted carbon steel to reduce the maintenance costs. The sensitivity to pitting and crevice corrosion of austenitic grades in certain WWTP environments has also led to the use of duplex grades. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the maintenance of piping systems (WWTPs) and its effect on their life cycle environmental impacts and costs (LCC) for both austenitic and duplex stainless steel grades. The final objective is to aid grade selection for piping in a WWTP environment. The considered functional unit (FU) is a complete piping system. Conventional austenitic stainless steel grades (e.g., EN 1.4404) are studied alongside duplex ones (e.g., EN 1.4362 and EN 1.4462). The calculated environmental impacts are the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Primary Energy Demand (PED). The production, manufacturing, transport, use including maintenance activities, and end-of-life (burdens and credits) phases are included in the life cycle assessment (LCA). The maintenance activities consist of the required replacements of stainless steel piping during the lifespan of the WWTP. Thus, the service lives of the pipes included in the considered WWTP environment are determined based on long-term corrosion prediction models (power law), which predict the evolution of pit or crevice depth as a function of time. The model parameters are estimated based on own experimental results, supplemented by the existing literature. The corrosion rates determine the number and frequency of replacements, i.e., define the different scenarios of maintenance. The LCA, LCC and corrosion prediction models are then combined into a user-friendly tool, which can be used in industry for an appropriate grade selection for pipes in a WWTP environment. The tool includes several degrees of freedom such as piping distribution, water pressure, chloride content, replacement criteria, etc. The results show that using duplex stainless steel grade EN 1.4462 leads to lower GWP and PED at the end of the WWTP's service life of 40 years. This is mainly due to multiple replacements of the system's parts in wastewater with high levels of chloride (>3000 ppm) if more conventional austenitic stainless steel alloys such as EN 1.4404 are used. Leaner duplex stainless steel grades were also included in this LCC assessment. The duplex grade EN 1.4062 showed the lowest total LCC, thanks to its leaner chemical composition (i.e., lower nickel content) combined with good localized corrosion resistance.

Effect of Mn/N ratio on microstructure and mechanical behavior of simulated welding heat affected zone in 22% Cr lean duplex stainless steel

The effect of Mn/N ratio on microstructural evolution, mechanical and fracture properties in welding heat affected zone (HAZ) of 22% Cr lean duplex stainless steel (DSS) were investigated. At comparative low heat inputs for low nickel tested DSS, the reformed austenite evolution of HAZ was mainly controlled by N content, and increasing Mn/N ratio promoted the growth of widmanstatten austenite (WA) and inhibited Cr2N precipitates formation in HAZ, and then significantly reduced its strength and elongation due to weakened strengthening effect and the decrease of austenite fraction. The tensile and yield strength of HAZ for 17.80 Mn/N ratio DSS are higher than that of 2205 DSS, but the obstruction of dislocation movement resulted in a sharp decrease of plasticity at high heat input of 2.935KJmm-1. The impact fracture of HAZ changed from ductile to brittle mode with the increase of Mn/N ratio, and for 17.80 Mn/N ratio DSS with high nitrogen content, the widening gaps of hardness and elastic moduli between two-phases in HAZ increased crack tendency, and significantly reduced its toughness. More grain boundary austenite (GBA) and WA formation for 51.14 high Mn/N ratio DSS segmented and refined the ferrite matrix in HAZ and improve impact toughness at higher heat input, while the coarsening of WA and (Cr, Mn) O oxides adversely reduced it to a lesser extent.

Attenuation of Ni(0) Decomposition: Mechanistic Insights into AgF-Assisted Nickel-Mediated Silylation.

In nickel-mediated Kumada cross-coupling reactions, low valent active nickel complexes are often generated in situ and the ligands usually govern the reactivity or stability of these complexes. However, the decomposition of active nickel complexes is inevitable if the subsequent reaction is sluggish. While we recently developed AgF-assisted nickel catalysis to cross-couple methyl ethers and silylmagnesium reagents, the intriguing catalytic role of AgF and the actual active nickel species remains elusive. Recently, both Ni(0) and Ni(I) intermediate complexes are identified as active species in Kumada cross-coupling reactions. Control experiments in combination with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) suggest that AgF attenuates the decomposition of in situ generated Ni(0) species. The plausible Ni(0) and Ni(I) intermediate complexes were synthesized, and experimental findings are consistent with the actual catalytic cycle being Ni(0)/Ni(II) rather than Ni(I)/Ni(III).

Title Corrosion Behavior of Nitrogenous Low Nickel Weld Cladding in Kcl-Mgcl2 Binary Molten Salt

Title Corrosion Behavior of Nitrogenous Low Nickel Weld Cladding in Kcl-Mgcl2 Binary Molten Salt

Study on wear behavior of low nickel austenitic stainless steel by using ball on disc

Austenitic stainless steels have wide applications in various industries due to its good corrosion characteristics and their surface strength. A variety of procedures are used to enhance the surface characteristics. Wear studies are critical in all of the toughest materials. Surface damage was studied in terms of material-removal methods such plastic deformation and brittle fracture. This paper investigated the specific wear rate of Low Nickel ASS. The parameters selected for wear testing like sliding speed, load, time duration and types of ball. Six numbers of experiments were conducted for measuring specific wear rate, mass loss and coefficient of friction were highlighted in this paper. A comparison study was made to know the effect of wear parameters like sliding speed, load, time duration and types of ball on specific wear rate and coefficient of friction. It was seen that with increasing of load and sliding speed of disc the specific wear rate of the material significantly increasing.SEM analysis was also made on worn surface to know the behaviour of wear in the sample.

Title Corrosion Behavior of Nitrogenous Low Nickel Weld Cladding in Kcl-Mgcl2 Binary Molten Salt

Title Corrosion Behavior of Nitrogenous Low Nickel Weld Cladding in Kcl-Mgcl2 Binary Molten Salt

Effect of environmental condition on corrosion susceptibility of GTA welded AISI 202 austenitic stainless steel

Austenitic stainless steels with low nickel content or nickel-free content are currently considered structural materials for nuclear fusion reactor applications. Even though the base metal achieves excellent performance, welding may result in premature failures due to morphological and compositional heterogeneities. The presence of pollutants in the environment results in environmental acidification, which influences the corrosion susceptibility of the weldment. This paper it is aimed to examine the influence of the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process on localized corrosion and the degree of sensitization (DOS) of AISI 202 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) butt joints in three distinct regions: base-zone (BZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and weld-zone (WZ) in 3.5% NaCl under pH-5 environmental conditions. The localized corrosion behavior of the weldment was studied using open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and degree of sensitization (DOS) using the double loop electro-chemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) technique. Optical microscopy (OM) is used to understand the microstructural features of weldments and pit morphologies before and after polarisation studies. The present study establishes that the heat-affected zone (HAZ) has low corrosion resistance, high DOS%, and low intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance compared to the base and weld zones. This could be due to the thermal cycles involved in HAZ during welding, resulting in chromium depletion and the formation of chromium carbide precipitation.

Impact of Fluoride Mouthwash on Nickel ion Release from Orthodontic Brackets: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: In Orthodontic patients, the orthodontic brackets and wires are exposed to the oral fluids for a considerable period of time. Patients use fluoridated mouthwashes to maintain oral hygiene and avoid white spot lesions on their teeth, which can cause release of nickel and chromium from the orthodontic brackets and thus may lead to allergic reactions and cytotoxicity. Aim: To evaluate the amount of nickel ion release from orthodontic brackets on exposure to different fluoride mouthwash. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted on seventy-five Orthodontic brackets which were divided into three groups of 25 each and immersed in artificial saliva (group A), Amflor mouthwash (group B) and Zero sense (group C) mouthwash respectively in separate beakers. The temperatures of the solutions in the beakers were maintained at 37 degrees to simulate oral temperatures. The 5 mL of the solutions were drawn from the three breakers at 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours respectively and the Nickel ion release from each solution was measured using Optima 5300 Dual View (DV) Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a post hoc test was performed for comparison between the groups and at different time intervals. Results: The highest mean value of nickel release was noted in group C (0.32±0.020156 μg/mL) at the 24 hrs peak time followed by group B (0.24±0.014338 μg/mL). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the two experimental groups at all time periods except 1 hour (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The amount of nickel ion release did not exceed the permissible limit in any of the study groups. However, it can be inferred that Amflor mouthwash can be prefered over Zero sense mouthwash for Orthodontic patients considering the lower nickel ion release.

Залежність структури ливарних сплавів системи Al-Ni-La від їх хімічного складу

The peculiarities of cast Al-Ni-La alloys structure formation depending on the content and ratio of the main components are analyzed in the work. It is shown, that so far the studied system has been considered mainly for the creation of amorphous materials. At the same time, Al-Ni and Al-La systems have phase diagrams that allow us to consider double and triple alloys of these systems to create promising creep-resistant alloys for casting. At the same time, the peculiarities of their structure formation in this context were not determined. Samples with different contents of nickel and lanthanum were prepared for research and analyzed how each of the elements, their number and ratio affect the formation of their structural-phase state. It is shown, that low nickel content of about 2 wt. % and lanthanum up to 5 wt. % eutectic is formed like thin almost monolithic intermetallic plates. As the number of components increases and, accordingly, the number of eutectics increases, the dispersion of its components increases. The analysis of the alloy structure dependence due to studied system on their chemical composition showed that, most likely, during the formation of the eutectic, Al11La3 particles, which may have the form of nanosized fibers, are formed first of all. It should be noted that at the eutectic content of lanthanum in the alloys no primary-formed Al11La3 particles were found. This may indicate that nickel shifts the eutectic concentration of lanthanum toward higher values. At the same time, at the hypoeutectic concentration of lanthanum and the hypereutectic concentration of nickel, some Al11La3 formations were outside the regions of the main eutectic with nickel aluminide. Such questions necessitate further studies of the aluminum angle of the triple state diagram of the Al-Ni-La system. Keywords: Al-Ni-La system, creep-resistant cast aluminum alloys, structure, eutectic.

Low Nickel, Ceria Zirconia-Based Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Study of Composition and Oxidation Using Hydrogen and Methane Fuel

The study examines the effect of using low nickel (Ni) with high ceria (CeO2) anode content towards the oxidation of H2 and CH4 fuel by evaluating the activation energy of the ohmic process and charge transfer process. Using a micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell (MT-SOFC), the anodes are made up of 50% YSZ with varying NiO:CeO2 percentages from 0% NiO, 50% CeO2 to 50% NiO, 0% CeO2. The performance is measured based on maximum power density (MPD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and activation energy, Ea of the ohmic (Rohm) and charge transfer (Rct) processes. We found that by lowering the Ni content to lower than 50% NiO, anode conductivity will drop by 7-fold. An anode containing 37.5% NiO, 12.5% CeO2 yield MPD of 41.1 and 2.9 mW cm−2 when tested on H2 and CH4 fuels thus have the lowest Ni content without an abrupt negative effect on the MPD and EIS. The significant effect of conductivity drops on MPD and EIS are observed to occur at 25% NiO, 25% CeO2 and lower NiO content. However, anode content of 25% NiO, 25% CeO2 has the lowest Ea for Rct (29.74 kJ mol−1) for operation in CH4, making it the best anode composition to oxidize CH4. As a conclusion, an anode containing 25% NiO:25% CeO2:50% YSZ and 37.5% NiO:12.5% CeO2:50% YSZ shows promising results in becoming the low Ni anode for coking-tolerant SOFC.

Beyond the usual suspects: methanogenic communities in eastern North American peatlands are also influenced by nickel and copper concentrations.

Peatlands both accumulate carbon and release methane, but their broad range in environmental conditions means that the diversity of microorganisms responsible for carbon cycling is still uncertain. Here, we describe a community analysis of methanogenic archaea responsible for methane production in 17 peatlands from 36 to 53N latitude across the eastern half of North America, including three metal-contaminated sites. Methanogenic community structure was analysed through Illumina amplicon sequencing of the mcrA gene. Whether metal-contaminated sites were included or not, metal concentrations in peat were a primary driver of methanogenic community composition, particularly nickel, a trace element required in the F430 cofactor in methyl-coenzyme M reductase that is also toxic at high concentrations. Copper was also a strong predictor, likely due to inhibition at toxic levels and/or to cooccurrence with nickel, since copper enzymes are not known to be present in anaerobic archaea. The methanogenic groups Methanocellales and Methanosarcinales were prevalent in peatlands with low nickel concentrations, while Methanomicrobiales and Methanomassiliicoccales were abundant in peatlands with higher nickel concentrations. Results suggest that peat-associated trace metals are predictors of methanogenic communities in peatlands.

Effect of Cold Rolling on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviors of High-Nitrogen and Low-Nickel Alloy

The effects of different cold rolling deformations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high nitrogen and low nickel alloys were investigated. The microstructure of high nitrogen alloys with different rolling deformations were characterized by EBSD and TEM. The tensile mechanical properties of the high nitrogen alloys at room temperature were tested. The results showed that the microstructure of the cold rolled high nitrogen alloy with deformation of 0% to 70% shows a twinning process. The twin thickness of the high nitrogen alloy without deformation is micron degree. When the rolling deformation is over 50%, the average thickness of the deformation twin is 23nm. When the rolling deformation increases to 70%, the average thickness of the twin is 14nm. When the rolling deformation increases from 0% to 70%, the cold rolled high nitrogen alloy exhibits high strength (1001-2236 MPa) and excellent plasticity (5.9%-64.1%). It is beneficial to have a good combination of strength and plasticity after rolling deformation.