Low Molecular Weight Compounds Research Articles

Recent advances in lignins: fundamentals and applications

Lignin, one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, is a constant object of numerous fundamental and applied studies. Lignin processing is a challenging task of biorefining. Recent publications mainly concern various directions of valorization of technical lignins, as well as applications of lignin in medicine and pharmacology, 3D printing, synthesis of carbon fibres and biofuels. In the field of fundamental research, studies on lignin biosynthesis are of special attention. The review is devoted to the latest advances in the chemistry of lignin. The currently available data on the structure and biosynthesis of lignin are discussed. The trends in lignin valorization, such as pyrolysis and carbonation, production of composites, copolymers and nanoparticles, synthesis of practically valuable low-molecular-weight substances, production of hydro- and aerogels, <i>etc</i>., are analyzed in detail. It is noted that at present, the practical application of lignin is developing in two directions: valorization of technical lignins <i>per se</i>, without prior depolymerization, and valorization <i>via</i> low molecular weight compounds, mainly monomers, formed through lignin degradation by various methods.<br> The bibliography includes 130 references.

A comparative study for evaluating the binding affinity of MARAS-selected aptamer and a patented aptamer towards aflatoxin B1 by electrochemical impedimetric aptasensing

Magnetic-assisted rapid aptamer selection (MARAS) is a technique that uses magnetic nanoparticles to efficiently separate aptamer-target complexes under an alternating magnetic field, thereby reducing the time and number of selection rounds required. This study investigated the applicability of MARAS in selecting aptamers against a small molecule, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Among the six MARAS-selected aptamers, DNA 1 demonstrated the highest binding affinity. Its Kd value, further estimated from aptasensing data, was 43.7 nM, which is comparable to the Kd value of the patented aptamer (55.6 nM). The DNA 1-immobilized aptasensor exhibited good repeatability (RSD < 7 %, N = 3), linearity (R2 = 0.9613 from 1 to 100 nM), and a calculated LOD of 0.42 nM. Specificity testing indicated that interferences from ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2 were all below 7 %. The developed aptasensor was also applied to detect AFB1 content in the peanut sample matrix, achieving a good recovery rate ranging from 94.3 % to 112.2 %. Overall, this study confirms the potential of MARAS as a promising technique for identifying aptamers with strong binding affinities towards low molecular weight compounds such as AFB1. Additionally, the DNA 1-immobilized aptasensor provided a simple, accurate, and cost-effective alternative for AFB1 monitoring.

Position matters in ester thiolysis by cysteine-containing peptides in micelles and vesicles

HypothesisThe interaction of peptides with nanoaggregates is an active research topic. Cysteine (Cys)-containing peptides open opportunities for developing low molecular weight compounds with interesting properties and potential applications. Knowledge of the relationship between the position of the Cys in the peptides and the aggregate interface is essential. ExperimentsWe synthesized a series of Cys-containing peptides having a variable number of glycines (Gly) as spacers between the N-palmitoyl chain at their N-terminal portion and Cys at their carboxy-terminal. The apparent pKa of the Cys-thiol group of each peptide was measured in micelles of CTAC (hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride) and vesicles of DHDAC (dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride). No clear correlation existed between the pKa’s and the number of Gly in the peptides. However, the rate of p-nitro-phenyl-octanoate (NPO) thiolysis by the peptides in micelles and vesicles decreased regularly with peptide length. Molecular Dynamics (MD) analysis of the peptides in CTAC micelles was carried out. FindingspKa determinations and rate dependence of the peptides in a thiolysis reaction and MD analysis strongly suggested that the higher rates observed with shorter peptides can be attributed to an increased probability of Cys being located below the micellar surface, where the carbonyl reaction center of NPO resides.

Cyanotoxins, biosynthetic gene clusters, and factors modulating cyanotoxin biosynthesis.

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a global environmental concern that encompasses public health issues, water availability, and water quality owing to the production of various secondary metabolites (SMs), including cyanotoxins in freshwater, brackish water, and marine ecosystems. The frequency, extent, magnitude, and duration of CHABs are increasing globally. Cyanobacterial species traits and changing environmental conditions, including anthropogenic pressure, eutrophication, and global climate change, together allow cyanobacteria to thrive. The cyanotoxins include a diverse range of low molecular weight compounds with varying biochemical properties and modes of action. With the application of modern molecular biology techniques, many important aspects of cyanobacteria are being elucidated, including aspects of their diversity, gene-environment interactions, and genes that express cyanotoxins. The toxicological, environmental, and economic impacts of CHABs strongly advocate the need for continuing, extensive efforts to monitor cyanobacterial growth and to understand the mechanisms regulating species composition and cyanotoxin biosynthesis. In this review, we critically examined the genomic organization of some cyanobacterial species that lead to the production of cyanotoxins and their characteristic properties discovered to date.

Infection Meets Inflammation: N6-Methyladenosine, an Internal Messenger RNA Modification as a Tool for Pharmacological Regulation of Host-Pathogen Interactions.

The significance of internal mRNA modifications for the modulation of transcript stability, for regulation of nuclear export and translation efficiency, and their role in suppressing innate immunity is well documented. Over the years, the molecular complexes involved in the dynamic regulation of the most prevalent modifications have been characterized-we have a growing understanding of how each modification is set and erased, where it is placed, and in response to what cues. Remarkably, internal mRNA modifications, such as methylation, are emerging as an additional layer of regulation of immune cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function. A fascinating recent development is the investigation into the internal modifications of host/pathogen RNA, specifically N6-methyladenosine (m6A), its abundance and distribution during infection, and its role in disease pathogenesis and in shaping host immune responses. Low molecular weight compounds that target RNA-modifying enzymes have shown promising results in vitro and in animal models of different cancers and are expanding the tool-box in immuno-oncology. Excitingly, such modulators of host mRNA methyltransferase or demethylase activity hold profound implications for the development of new broad-spectrum therapeutic agents for infectious diseases as well. This review describes the newly uncovered role of internal mRNA modification in infection and in shaping the function of the immune system in response to invading pathogens. We will also discuss its potential as a therapeutic target and identify pitfalls that need to be overcome if it is to be effectively leveraged against infectious agents.

Experimental and computational study of polystyrene sulfonate breakdown by a Fenton reaction

Experimental studies and ab initio quantum chemistry calculations were combined to investigate the process by which a Fenton reaction breaks down polystyrene sulfonate. The experimental results show that both molecular weight reduction and loss of aromaticity occur nearly simultaneously, a finding that is supported by the calculations. The results show that more than half of the material is broken down to low molecular weight compounds (< 500 g/mol) with two molar equivalents of H2O2 per styrene monomer. The calculations provide insights into the reaction pathways and indicate that at least two hydroxyl radicals are required to cleave backbone CC bonds or to eliminate aromaticity. The calculations also show that, of the aromatic carbons, hydroxyl radical is most likely to add to the carbon bonded to sulfur. This finding explains the loss of hydrogen sulfite anion early in the process and also the efficient reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) through semiquinone formation. Taken together the experimental and computational results indicate that the reaction is very efficient and that very little H2O2 is lost to unproductive reactions. This high efficiency is attributed to the close association of Fe atoms with the sulfonate group such that hydroxyl radicals are generated near the polymer chains.

Custom-modified oligolactide-cyclodextrin derivatives for electrospun drug formulations

Custom-synthesized cyclodextrin-oligolactide derivatives (CDLA) were used to produce electrospun nanofibers. The modified cyclodextrins were obtained through solution ring-opening oligomerization initiated by α-, β-, or γ-cyclodextrin in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Following the NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry structural characterization, the CDLA derivatives are described as low molecular weight compounds having the lactate monomer units placed on the smaller rim of cyclodextrins as multiple short chains. The electrospinning (ESP) of the α-, β- and γ-CDLA homologous series was optimized for the use of high-concentration water/ethanol feed solutions. Scanning electron microscopy was employed for the morphology investigation of the nanofibrous webs, while the dynamic vapor sorption revealed the hygroscopicity changes induced through the ESP process. Further, the applicative potential was investigated by preparing α-, β- and γ-CDLA/curcumin nanofibrous webs. FTIR and NMR spectroscopy characterization, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to describe the particularities of curcumin association with CDLA in ESP process. The preservation of the curcumin antioxidative potential upon the ESP processing was tested, showing that β- and γ-CDLA/curcumin nanofibrous webs are better suited for curcumin formulations.

NUDT6 and NUDT9, two mitochondrial members of the NUDIX family, have distinct hydrolysis activities

The 22 members of the NUDIX (NUcleoside DIphosphate linked to another moiety, X) hydrolase superfamily can hydrolyze a variety of phosphorylated molecules including (d)NTPs and their oxidized forms, nucleotide sugars, capped mRNAs and dinucleotide coenzymes such as NADH and FADH. Beside this broad range of enzymatic substrates, the NUDIX proteins can also be found in different cellular compartments, mainly in the nucleus and in the cytosol, but also in the peroxisome and in the mitochondria. Here we studied two members of the family, NUDT6 and NUDT9. We showed that NUDT6 is expressed in human cells and localizes exclusively to mitochondria and we confirmed that NUDT9 has a mitochondrial localization. To elucidate their potential role within this organelle, we investigated the functional consequences at the mitochondrial level of NUDT6- and NUDT9-deficiency and found that the depletion of either of the two proteins results in an increased activity of the respiratory chain and an alteration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes expression. We demonstrated that NUDT6 and NUDT9 have distinct substrate specificity in vitro, which is dependent on the cofactor used. They can both hydrolyze a large range of low molecular weight compounds such as NAD+(H), FAD and ADPR, but NUDT6 is mainly active towards NADH, while NUDT9 displays a higher activity towards ADPR.

Bioactive compound profile of propolis product from Beekeeping (Meliponiculture) in Turi Yogyakarta Indonesia

Medicinal bio-products have been used all over the world for the treatment and prevention of various ailments, particularly in developing countries where infectious diseases are endemic and modern health facilities and services are inadequate. There is growing evidence in the correlation of the bio-chemical constituents found in medicinal bio-products with their pharmacological activities. One source of natural bioproduct medicine is propolis from the stingless bee. The objective of this research was to analyze the composition of bioactive compunds found in the methanolic extract of raw propolis from the stingless bee farmed in the meliponiculture practice in Turi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The raw propolis sample was extracted with methanol by using the soxhlet extractor and the obtained crude methanolic extract was then analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The qualitative analyses of the methanolic crude extract using the GC-MS showed that the profile of the propolis’ chromatogram has different types of high and low molecular weight compounds consisting of 26 bioactive compounds which can be categorized in 3 (three) different groups: terpenoids, phenolic, and steroids. Most of the bioactive compounds are found to be biologically important. Futher research is still needed to further analyze the presence of other various bioactive compounds and to confirm and isolate their individual bio-chemical constituents for treatment of various ailment and the bioprospecting of potential antimicrobial drugs.

Concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and histological changes in Anomalocardia brasiliana and Crassostrea rhizophorae from Pernambuco, Brazil after the 2019 oil spill

The present study aimed to analyze the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in populations of the shellfish Anomalocardia brasiliana and oysters Crassostrea rhizophorae three years after the 2019 oil spill, as well as evaluate histopathological changes on the gill tissues of the bivalves. Individuals of both species were sampled at points along the northern and southern coast of Pernambuco, Brazil. The permanence of oil residues was confirmed, evidenced by the total concentration of PAHs in the shellfish from the northern coast, which was roughly four times higher than the southern one. Among the PAHs analyzed, the low molecular weight compounds naphthalene and anthracene were the main contributors to the total concentration. Histological changes in the gills of the bivalves, were more severe in the specimens sampled on the north coast indicating alterations in the bivalve's health, mainly on the state's northern coast.

Low- and high-molecular weight fractions of geological ambers detected by evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry

We used evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) to characterize a pool of ambers belonging to different geological varieties, with the aim of obtaining information on both their non-polymeric and polymeric components. Small molecular components can be trapped in amber during the fossilization process. Their characterization can provide insights into the maturation process of amber and help in determining its age and botanical origin. Most of the analyzed ambers showed two gas evolution regions, corresponding to the desorption of low-molecular weight compounds at low temperature, and to the pyrolysis of the macromolecular matrix at high temperature. We established characteristic m/z signals of the non-polymeric and polymeric fractions, and we were able to classify most of the samples in agreement with the available literature. We also performed principal component analysis of diterpenoid ambers using their average mass spectra. This allowed us to differentiate between succinite and rumanite ambers, which showed very similar spectra. The results demonstrate that EGA-MS constitutes a reliable technique to obtain information on the molecular composition of ambers, and on their relative content of low- and high-molecular weight fractions.

Digital microfluidic platform assembled into a home-made studio for sample preparation and colorimetric sensing of S-nitrosocysteine.

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile lab-on-a-chip platform that allows integration with several types of sensors and detection techniques, including colorimetric sensors. Here, we propose, for the first time, the integration of DMF chips into a mini studio containing a 3D-printed holder with previously fixed UV-LEDs to promote sample degradation on the chip surface before a complete analytical procedure involving reagent mixture, colorimetric reaction, and detection through a webcam integrated on the equipment. As a proof-of-concept, the feasibility of the integrated system was successfully through the indirect analysis of S-nitrosocysteine (CySNO) in biological samples. For this purpose, UV-LEDs were explored to perform the photolytic cleavage of CySNO, thus generating nitrite and subproducts directly on DMF chip. Nitrite was then colorimetrically detected based on a modified Griess reaction, in which reagents were prepared through a programable movement of droplets on DMF devices. The assembling and the experimental parameters were optimized, and the proposed integration exhibited a satisfactory correlation with the results acquired using a desktop scanner. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the obtained CySNO degradation to nitrite was 96%. Considering the analytical parameters, the proposed approach revealed linear behavior in the CySNO concentration range between 12.5 and 400μmolL-1 and a limit of detection equal to 2.8μmolL-1. Synthetic serum and human plasma samples were successfully analyzed, and the achieved results did not statistically differ from the data recorded by spectrophotometry at the confidence level of 95%, thus indicating the huge potential of the integration between DMF and mini studio to promote complete analysis of lowmolecular weight compounds.

Polydimethylsiloxane-coated macroporous silica adsorbent in thermal desorption gas chromatography

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated macroporous silica (MPSi) particles were developed for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air samples in thermal desorption-gas chromatographic analysis. The gas sample was collected by a gas sampling pump at 100 mL/min. Different amounts of PDMS coating were prepared, and the fundamental extraction and desorption performances were investigated using even numbered n-alkanes of C8–C28. The extraction efficiency increased by increasing PDMS coating, and the desorption efficiency showed more than 99% at a desorption temperature of 310°C for all the investigated adsorbents. This remarkable desorption performance showed a higher peak area of the analytes than that of the Tenax TA-packed thermal desorption tube, especially for higher molecular weight compounds. Furthermore, an activated carbon particle of Carbopack X was introduced on the latter side of the PDMS-MPSi to extract low-molecular weight compounds. This double-bed-type extraction tube showed a successful determination of a wide range of VOCs. The double-bed-type extraction tube was then applied to the extraction of VOCs related to sick building syndrome (SBS). The results for the extraction and desorption performances of the SBS-related VOCs were well agreed with that of alkanes, and the applicability of the extraction tube to the determination of other types of conventional VOCs were confirmed.

First Description of Non-Enzymatic Radical-Generating Mechanisms Adopted by Fomitiporia mediterranea: An Unexplored Pathway of the White Rot Agent of the Esca Complex of Diseases.

Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed) is the primary Basidiomycota species causing white rot in European vineyards affected by the Esca complex of diseases (ECD). In the last few years, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the importance of reconsidering the role of Fmed in ECD etiology, justifying an increase in research interest related to Fmed's biomolecular pathogenetic mechanisms. In the context of the current re-evaluation of the binary distinction (brown vs. white rot) between biomolecular decay pathways induced by Basidiomycota species, our research aims to investigate the potential for non-enzymatic mechanisms adopted by Fmed, which is typically described as a white rot fungus. Our results demonstrate how, in liquid culture reproducing nutrient restriction conditions often found in wood, Fmed can produce low molecular weight compounds, the hallmark of the non-enzymatic "chelator-mediated Fenton" (CMF) reaction, originally described for brown rot fungi. CMF reactions can redox cycle with ferric iron, generating hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron, necessary reactants leading to hydroxyl radical (•OH) production. These observations led to the conclusion that a non-enzymatic radical-generating CMF-like mechanism may be utilized by Fmed, potentially together with an enzymatic pool, to contribute to degrading wood constituents; moreover, indicating significant variability between strains.

Long-term monitoring and modeling of PAHs in capped sediments at the Grand Calumet River

The assessment of a cap for remediation of sediments requires long-term monitoring because of the slow migration of contaminants in porous media. In this study, coring and passive sampling tools were used to assess the transport and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an amended cap (sand + Organoclay® PM-199) in the Grand Calumet River (Indiana, USA) during four sampling events from 2012 to 2019. Measurements of three PAHs (phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), representing low, medium, and high molecular weight compounds, respectively) showed a difference of at least two orders of magnitude between bulk concentrations in the native sediments and the remediation cap. Averages of pore water measurements also showed lower levels in the cap respective to the native sediments by a factor of at least 7 for Phe and 3 for Pyr. In addition, between the baseline (BL), which corresponds to observations from 2012 to 2014, and the measurements in 2019, there was a decrease in depth-averaged pore water concentrations of Phe (C2019/CBL=0.20−0.07+0.12 in sediments and 0.27−0.10+0.15 in cap) and Pyr (C2019/CBL=0.47−0.12+0.16 in sediments and 0.71−0.20+0.28 in the cap). In the case of BaP in pore water, no change was observed in native sediments (C2019/CBL=1.0−0.24+0.32) and there was an increase in the cap (C2019/CBL=2.0−0.54+0.72).Inorganic anions and estimates of pore water velocity along with measurements of PAHs were used to model the fate and transport of contaminants. The modeling suggested that degradation of Phe (t1/2=1.12−0.11+0.16 years) and Pyr (t1/2=5.34−1.8+5.3 years) in the cap is faster than migration, thus the cap is expected to be protective of the sediment-water interface indefinitely for these constituents. No degradation was noted in BaP and the contaminant is expected to reach equilibrium in the capping layer over approximately 100 years if there exists sufficient mass of BaP in the sediments and there is no deposition of clean sediment at the surface.

Composition and Biological Activity of Fetoplacental Tissues-Derived Cryoextracts Being Differently Obtained

The protein-peptide composition of fetal tissues (FTCEs) and placenta (PCE) cryoextracts of rats was investigated by gel permeation chromatography. Cryoextracts were derived from tissue homogenates using the freeze-warming modes: 1 – single (–20°С); 2 – double (–20; –196°С) and 3 – triple (–20; –196; –196°С) ones. The biological activity of cryoextracts was in vitro evaluated by the phagocytic activity of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) of the blood of intact rats after incubation with an inactivated culture of Staphylococcus aureus (2 × 109 cells/ml) for 45 and 120 min for the concentrations of extracts in the incubation medium: 1.6; 3.1; 6 mg/ml in terms of dry substance. The use of mode 3 ensured a greater yield of total protein and low molecular weight compounds of a protein-peptide nature in the composition of cryoextracts. The content of low-molecular-weight fractions in FTCE exceeded that in PCE, regardless of the obtaining mode. Incubation of NG with cryoextracts did not significantly increase the number of neutrophils which entered into phagocytosis. However, all the samples of PCE and FTCE were characterized by a dose-dependent rise in the NG absorption activity during the 45-minute incubation compared to the control.

Structural insights into plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP): Implications for vascular endothelial diaphragms and fenestrae

In many organs, small openings across capillary endothelial cells (ECs) allow the diffusion of low-molecular weight compounds and small proteins between the blood and tissue spaces. These openings contain a diaphragm composed of radially arranged fibers, and current evidence suggests that a single-span type II transmembrane protein, plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 (PLVAP), constitutes these fibers. Here, we present the three-dimensional crystal structure of an 89-amino acid segment of the PLVAP extracellular domain (ECD) and show that it adopts a parallel dimeric alpha-helical coiled-coil configuration with five interchain disulfide bonds. The structure was solved using single-wavelength anomalous diffraction from sulfur-containing residues (sulfur SAD) to generate phase information. Biochemical and circular dichroism (CD) experiments show that a second PLVAP ECD segment also has a parallel dimeric alpha-helical configuration-presumably a coiled coil-held together with interchain disulfide bonds. Overall, ~2/3 of the ~390 amino acids within the PLVAP ECD adopt a helical configuration, as determined by CD. We also determined the sequence and epitope of MECA-32, an anti-PLVAP antibody. Taken together, these data lend strong support to the model of capillary diaphragms formulated by Tse and Stan in which approximately ten PLVAP dimers are arranged within each 60- to 80-nm-diameter opening like the spokes of a bicycle wheel. Passage of molecules through the wedge-shaped pores is presumably determined both by the length of PLVAP-i.e., the long dimension of the pore-and by the chemical properties of amino acid side chains and N-linked glycans on the solvent-accessible faces of PLVAP.

FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITIONS OF MODIFIED ISOPRENE RUBBER WITH CHLORIDE-CONTAINING AND EPOXY COMPOUNDS

The effect of HCPX and EC as a stitching agent during thermal vulcanization of modified isoprene rubber (SKI-3- PVA) 80:20 in the presence of zinc oxide was studied. Studies of structural changes occurring in vulcanizates based on SKI-3-PVA under the influence of heating have been carried out. Based on the data of IR spectroscopy and the gel fraction, the rate of reactions with hexachloroparaxylenes (HCPX) between the studied low molecular weight compounds was studied. Considerations are made about the nature of the vulcanization action of the studied structuring systems and the features of their influence on the parameter of the spatial network and the physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The effect of heating time on the content of total and combined chlorine in samples containing HCPX and ZnO was studied. The number of stitched HCPX molecules per cross-link was calculated

Melatonin delays leaf senescence in pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) by regulating biosynthesis of the second messenger cGMP

Melatonin (MT) is a low molecular weight compound with multiple biological functions in plants. It is known to delay leaf senescence in various species. However, no data are available on the MT signaling pathway in postharvest vegetables. This study demonstrates that MT increases cGMP concentration and the expression of the cGMP synthesis gene BcGC1 in pak choi. The cGMP inhibitor LY83583 destroys effect of MT delaying the leaf senescence. LY83583 also prevents MT treatment from reducing the expression of chlorophyll metabolism-related genes (BcNYC1, BcNOL, BcPPH1/2, BcSGR1/2, and BcPAO) and senescence genes (BcSAG12 and BcSAG21). It also inhibits MT from reducing the activity of the key chlorophyll catabolism enzymes Mg-dechelatase, pheophytinase, and pheide a oxygenase. Thus, the ability of MT to maintain high levels of chlorophyll metabolites is also destroyed. The Arabidopsis cGMP synthetic gene mutant atgc1 was used to confirm that delayed leaf senescence caused by MT is mediated, at least in part, by the second messenger cGMP.

Untargeted LC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics of spent coffee grounds alcoholic beverages fermented with Lachancea thermotolerans and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) is a solid waste generated from coffee brewing. We recently developed a novel SCG hydrolysate-derived alcoholic beverage fermented with Lachancea thermotolerans Concerto and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ML Prime. To further understand the potential health benefits of the fermented SCG hydrolysate alcoholic beverage, an untargeted metabolomics-based approach (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied to detect and identify bioactive metabolites especially low molecular weight compounds. Our results showed that, compared to yeast monoculture-fermented SCG alcoholic beverages, yeast-lactic acid bacterial coculture enriched the beverage with a range of bioactive compounds especially aromatic and branched-chain amino acid derivatives (e.g., 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid, phenyl lactic acid, indole lactic acid, (S)-(-)-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenyl ethanol). Although some endogenous phenolic compounds were metabolized during fermentation, many phenolic metabolites (e.g., vinyl phenols, dihydrocaffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxycoumarin) were produced. Our study provided a theoretical basis for further valorization of SCG hydrolysates from the health benefits point of view and the findings may be extended to other fermented products.