Low Levels Of Support Research Articles

Attitudes Toward Adoption by Transgender Adults

This study explored cisgender heterosexual adults’ perceptions of children placed in an adoptive family led by a couple with a transgender partner. Participants (n = 871) read one of five vignettes in which a couple (a cisgender different-gender couple, a cisgender same-gender male couple, a cisgender same-gender female couple, a couple with a female transgender partner, or a couple with a male transgender partner) intended to adopt two children. After reading the vignette, participants rated beliefs about children’s psychological development, willingness to support the adoption, and completed an attitude toward LGBTQ rights scale. Moderation analyses revealed that participants with low levels of support for LGBTQ rights perceived children adopted by couples with a transgender partner as being at greater risk of victimization and poor psychological adjustment compared to children adopted by either cisgender same-gender couples or cisgender different-gender couples and were less inclined to endorse adoption. A multigroup path analysis model revealed that support for LGBTQ rights impacted on agreement with adoption via the mediation of participants’ concerns for children’s psychological adjustment more strongly regarding transgender parents than cisgender same-gender couples. Our findings demonstrated that cis-heteronormativity concerns eclipsed claims to reproductive justice for transgender people seeking parenthood.

Associations of menopausal symptoms with job-related stress and social support in Japanese school teachers

ObjectivesBeing a school teacher is highly stressful. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and explore the association between these symptoms and job-related stress among Japanese school teachers. Study designA cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected elementary and junior high school teachers in Japan. Data from 284 teachers aged 45–60 years were analyzed. Main outcome measuresMenopausal symptoms were measured using the Greene Climacteric Scale, and the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire was used to assess job stressors, social support, and job/family satisfaction. Associations between scores on the Greene Climacteric Scale and on the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, and demographic information were analyzed. ResultsThe most common menopausal symptom was “feeling tired or lacking in energy” (reported by 94.4 % of menopausal respondents). The total intensity of menopausal, psychological, and somatic symptoms was significantly correlated with the total level of job stress. Moderate correlations were found between depressive symptoms and job stress regarding suitable jobs, job control, and rewarding jobs, while weak correlations were evident between depressive symptoms and job stress regarding quantitative job overload, interpersonal conflict, and poor physical environment. Higher levels of perceived support from supervisors or co-workers and job satisfaction were associated with less severe psychological and somatic symptoms. ConclusionsMost middle-aged school teachers felt tired or lacking in energy. Higher job-related stress and lower levels of support from supervisors or co-workers were correlated with more severe menopausal symptoms. A supportive work environment and stress management are essential for such teachers.

Limiting lifetime inheritances and gifts

This paper provides a defence of a lifetime limit on how much a person can receive in the form of gifts and inheritances, that is, a person's accessions. I argue that any accessions above that limit should be taxed at a rate of 100%. The analysis shows how this proposal can bring into equilibrium the core values and other goals at stake in the design of taxation on inheritances and gifts. To counter the low level of support for inheritance taxation in general, the analysis must include a proposal concerning what will be done with the tax revenues. I propose turning the accession tax revenues into an unconditional citizen's stake that is granted to young adults. Such an institutional design would create additional value by reducing unfair inequalities between age groups.

Leadership support and satisfaction of healthcare professionals in China’s leading hospitals: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHealthcare professionals’ job satisfaction is a critical indicator of healthcare performance, pivotal in addressing challenges such as hospital quality outcomes, patient satisfaction, and staff retention rates. Existing evidence underscores the significant influence of healthcare leadership on job satisfaction. Our study aims to assess the impact of leadership support on the satisfaction of healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, and administrative staff, in China’s leading hospitals.MethodsA cross-sectional survey study was conducted on healthcare professionals in three leading hospitals in China from July to December 2021. These hospitals represent three regions in China with varying levels of social and economic development, one in the eastern region, one in the central region, and the third in the western region. Within each hospital, we employed a convenience sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey involving 487 healthcare professionals. We assessed perceived leadership support across five dimensions: resource support, environmental support, decision support, research support, and innovation encouragement. Simultaneously, we measured satisfaction using the MSQ among healthcare professionals.ResultsThe overall satisfaction rate among surveyed healthcare professionals was 74.33%. Our study revealed significant support from senior leadership in hospitals for encouraging research (96.92%), inspiring innovation (96.30%), and fostering a positive work environment (93.63%). However, lower levels of support were perceived in decision-making (81.72%) and resource allocation (80.08%). Using binary logistic regression with satisfaction as the dependent variable and healthcare professionals’ perceived leadership support, hospital origin, job role, department, gender, age, education level, and professional designation as independent variables, the results indicated that support in resource provision (OR: 4.312, 95% CI: 2.412 ∼ 7.710) and environmental facilitation (OR: 4.052, 95% CI: 1.134 ∼ 14.471) significantly enhances healthcare personnel satisfaction.ConclusionThe findings underscore the critical role of leadership support in enhancing job satisfaction among healthcare professionals. For hospital administrators and policymakers, the study highlights the need to focus on three key dimensions: providing adequate resources, creating a supportive environment, and involving healthcare professionals in decision-making processes.

Post-mortem to ante-mortem facial image comparison for deceased migrant identification

The identification of deceased migrants is a global challenge that is exacerbated by migration distance, post-mortem conditions, access to ante-mortem data for comparison, inconsistent international procedures and lack of communication between arrival and origin countries. Due to low technology requirements, fast speed analysis and ease of transferring digital data, facial image comparison is particularly beneficial in those contexts, especially in challenging scenarios when this may be the only initial ante-mortem data available to identify the deceased. The Facial Identification Scientific Working Group (FISWG) professional guidelines for facial image comparison were developed for living facial appearance, and, therefore, a tailored protocol for the application of post-mortem to ante-mortem facial image comparison was proposed and evaluated in this research. The protocol was investigated via an inter-observer and an accuracy study, using 29 forensic cases (2001–2020) from the University of Milan, provided by the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology. In order to replicate a migrant identification scenario, each post-mortem subject was compared to all 29 ante-mortem targets (841 comparisons). The protocol guided the practitioner through stages of facial image comparison, from broad (phase 1) to more detailed (phase 3), eventually leading to a decision of ‘exclusion’ or ‘potential match’ for each post-mortem to ante-mortem case (phase 4). In phase 4, a support scale was also utilised to indicate the level of confidence in a potential match. Each post-mortem subject could be recorded with multiple potential matches. The protocol proved to be useful guide for facial image comparison, especially for less experienced practitioners and the inter-observer study suggested good reproducibility. The majority (82–96%) of ante-mortem subjects were excluded at the first stage of the protocol, and 71 full post-mortem to ante-mortem facial image comparisons were carried out. On average, two or three potential matches were recorded for each post-mortem subject. The overall accuracy rate was 85%, with the majority (79%) of ante-mortem non-targets correctly excluded from the identification process. An increased number and quality of available ante-mortem images produced more successful matches with higher levels of support. All potential matches involving non-targets received low levels of support, and for 73% of the post-mortem subjects, the ante-mortem target was the only recorded potential match. However, two ante-mortem targets were incorrectly excluded (one at the first stage of the protocol) and therefore changes to the protocol were implemented to mitigate these errors. A full protocol and a practical recording chart for practitioner use is included with this paper.

SUPPORT NEEDS IN WORKING WITH STUDENTS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES - TEACHERS ' PERSPECTIVE

The aim of the study was to determine type and intensity of support that teachers consider necessary for working with students who have developmental disabilities. The sample consisted of 108 teachers, aged 24 to 61 (M=40.77; SD=9.97). The Needs Questionnaire (Rodríguez et al., 2012) was used to collect data on the required support. The results indicate a relatively high level of support needs in all four areas covered by the questionnaire, with the highest need expressed for social support, followed by the need for information and the need for additional resources, while the lowest level of support is needed in communicating about the child with developmental disability with others. The overall level of support needed by teachers from our sample does not differ statistically significantly between male and female teachers (t=0.640; p=0.524), nor between teachers employed in public and private schools (t=0.180; p=0.857). No statistically significant correlation was found between the need for support and age (r=-0.002; p=0.981) or years of work experience of the respondents (r=0.056; p=0.564). The obtained results provide an insight into the intensity and structure of teachers' needs for support in working with students with developmental disabilities and can represent a starting point for providing support aligned with the expressed needs, with the aim of increasing the quality of the teaching process.

Did low-income essential workers during COVID-19 increase public support for redistribution?

Previous studies have shown that America generally has a low level of support for redistribution, in large part due to racial prejudice, particularly toward the poor. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, has increased public attention to low-income workers’ essential roles in society. Has this increased attention to low-income workers promote public support for redistribution? This article examines how priming about low-income workers’ (1) essential roles and (2) race, shaped individuals’ redistributive preferences. Our findings demonstrate that an emphasis on essential workers increased appreciation of their contribution to society and support for pandemic-related benefits for these workers. However, it did not increase support for redistribution or welfare programmes in general. In addition, while we found negative effects of a Latino cue, particularly among white respondents, this effect weakened when information about workers’ work ethics and other attributes was provided. Our findings have implications for understanding public support of redistribution and communicating government social welfare programmes.

Factors Influencing Perception of Social Support among Patients with Advanced Cancer Receiving Palliative Care in Bangladesh

The perception of social support among patients with advanced diseases is influenced by various factors. The socio-cultural context of Bangladesh significantly shapes the experience of patients with advanced cancer and their perception of social support. This study’s aim was to assess the perceived social support by these patients and investigate the factors that shape their perception. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 115 advanced cancer patients admitted to the palliative medicine department of a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Perceived social support was measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Perceived social support was moderate to high for most (74.7%) of the participants. The majority (97.4%) perceived moderate to high level of support from their families. The lowest level of support was perceived from friends (53%). Factors such as economic status, family size, companionship of children, and emotional support from spouses influenced the level of perceived social support. Social support is one of the important aspects of palliative care. Identifying the factors influencing the perception of social support among cancer patients is essential for palliative care professionals to effectively address their care needs.

Empowerment Model for Coffee Farmers in Dogiyai Regency, Papua: Effective Strategies for Capacity Building

This study emphasizes the necessity of empowering coffee farmer organizations to improve agricultural capacity in Dogiyai Regency, Papua. However, this empowerment has yet to be optimized due to various restrictions. The study is based on the community empowerment theory, which covers enabling, strengthening, safeguarding, supporting, and maintaining elements. The research method adopted is qualitative, with a descriptive focus. The data were gathered by observation, interviews, and documentation with 25 informants. Data analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and verification. The findings demonstrate that local government policies prioritize infrastructure over improving farmer groups' capacities. This is shown by the low level of support for the community's potential and the culture of coffee farmer associations. Furthermore, a lack of problem-solving knowledge and farmer groups' confidence are hurdles. Local government protection is inadequate, and coffee grower groups face discrimination. The absence of helpful advice and a favorable environment for farming endeavors impedes effective empowerment. The proposed empowerment model entails providing researchers and extension services, helping with an emphasis on enabling aspects, altering knowledge, attitudes, and abilities, and boosting production and revenue. The goal is to empower and improve the welfare of coffee farmer groups in Dogiyai Regency.

Exploring support and opposition to regulatory approaches for wildfire risk management: requirements, voluntary actions, and tailored local action

AbstractFormal requirements of wildfire mitigation on private properties are increasingly being considered as one avenue for “scaling up” wildfire management and voluntary mitigation actions to landscape scales. Likewise, enduring segments of wildfire research suggest that residents’ perceptions about potential wildfire risk sources in their landscape, including ignition sources, are critical considerations related to support for mitigation efforts such as formal requirements or cross-boundary fuel reduction initiatives. The research presented in this article utilized mixed-method, residential surveys of property owners in Kittitas County, Washington, to explore influences on support for wildfire mitigation requirements and performance of voluntary mitigations on private lands. We found a high degree of variability in support for regulatory approaches, including relatively low levels of support for building or retrofitting regulations and a moderate level of support for vegetation management regulations. Perceptions about wildfire risk sources or public land management, past performance of wildfire mitigation actions, and support for shared, locally managed mitigations all correlated with support for differing regulatory approaches. We also found that performance of voluntary mitigation actions correlated with increasing wildfire program participation, differed among part-time or full- time residents, and were influenced by proximity to nearby property boundaries. Our results suggest that the most supported strategy in the study area may be the establishment of local, tax funded districts that encourage voluntary mitigation actions tailored to local circumstances. We conclude the paper by comparing our results to existing lessons from wildfire social science.

Exploring the Influence of Chinese College Students’ Self-regulated Learning Behavior on Academic Achievement in Online Education: A Study on the Mediating Role of Online Course Perceptions

Online education offers students a more diverse learning approach. Students can choose courses that suit their learning pace and schedule, without being limited by time and space. Online education provides a self-regulated learning environment where there is no one to supervise them. Self-regulated learning training, along with prompts, activities and supporting tools, can effectively promote the academic achievement of online learning goals. In online learning environments with low levels of support and guidance, it is worth observing and summarizing university students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors, and further proposing corresponding key strategies to effectively enhance students’ learning outcomes. This study found that SRL behavior has a positive impact on learning outcomes, indicating that training in self-regulated learning significantly contributes to improved learning effectiveness. These findings offer valuable insights for the instructional design and management of online education.

Care-seeking delay of patients with heart failure in China: a mixed-method study.

This study aims to explore the duration and influencing factors of care-seeking delay among patients with heart failure (HF)in China. A convergent mixed method containing a cross-sectional study and two parts of qualitative studies was designed, following the STROBE and COREQ guidelines. Convenience sampling was applied to recruit patients with HF from two general hospitals from December 2021 to December 2022. Purposive sampling was used to enrol healthcare professionals from two general hospitals and two community hospitals from June to November 2022. Among the 258 patients with HF in the cross-sectional study, the median duration of care-seeking delay was 7.5days. The result integration indicated that the delay duration was influenced by the dyspnoea symptom burden, the oedema symptom burden, and the depression status. The lower dyspnoea symptom burden, the higher oedema symptom burden, and the higher depression score were related to the prolonged care-seeking delay duration. The duration was also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, level of support from medical system, and the symptom management abilities of the caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic, low level of support from medical system, and limited symptom management abilities of caregivers were related to the prolonged care-seeking delay duration. Care-seeking delay among patients with HF needs attention in China. The duration of care-seeking delay of patients with HF was influenced by the dyspnoea symptom burden, the oedema symptom burden, and depression status, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, level of support from medical system, and the symptom management abilities of the caregivers.

A Latent Profile Analysis of Social Support, Online Contacts, and Preference for Online Communication Among Same- and Both-Sex Attracted and Other-Sex Attracted Adolescents

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess differences between other-sex attracted and same- and both-sex attracted adolescents in profiles of peer and family social support, online contacts, and preferences for online communication. Data stem from the 2017 Dutch “Health and Behavior in School-Aged Children” (HBSC) survey (N = 6,823; 4.0% same- and both-sex attracted; M age=14.73, SD = 1.59, range = 12–18). We conducted latent profile analyses to estimate profiles in peer and family social support, online contacts, and preferences for online communication. Then we assessed the association between sexual attraction and profile membership. A five-profile solution fitted the data best. Profiles were characterized as high support, online contact, and average online communication preference (35.6%); high support, low online contact, and weak online communication preference (42.9%); average support, high online contact, and strong online communication preference (9.9%); low support, low online contact, and average online communication preference (6.9%); and low support, average online contact, and average online communication preference (5.0%). Same- and both-sex attracted adolescents had higher odds than other-sex attracted adolescents of being in the latter three profiles than in the first profile. Thus, same- and both-sex attracted adolescents were more likely to report average to low rates of peer and family social support, high to low frequency of online contact, and an average to strong preference for online communication than other-sex attracted adolescents. The average to low levels of support especially influenced these sexual orientation-based differences in profile membership.

Effect of critical thinking disposition on employee innovative behavior: A meta-theory of personality perspective

In today's highly uncertain and complex environment, innovation plays a critical role in an organization's survival and development. Therefore, examining factors that drive employee innovative behavior is necessary. Drawing from meta-theory of personality, this study explores the influence of critical thinking disposition on employee innovative behavior. Using data from a three-wave questionnaire survey of 481 employees, the analysis reveals that: (1) intrinsic motivation mediates the positive relationship between critical thinking disposition and employee innovative behavior; (2) supervisor support for innovation moderates the positive relationship between critical thinking disposition and intrinsic motivation. This relationship is stronger when supervisors provide high levels of support for innovation than low levels of support; and (3) supervisor support for innovation also moderates the indirect influence of critical thinking disposition on innovative behavior through intrinsic motivation. This effect is stronger when supervisors offer high levels of support for innovation. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms through which critical thinking disposition influences innovative behavior. Moreover, they have important practical implications for managers in implementing staff selection and training, and creating a supportive environment that promotes employee innovative behavior.

Perceived Burden and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province: A Cross-sectional Study.

Family Caregivers (FCGs) of patients with schizophrenia (PwS) may face unanticipated sources of stress and responsibility, which can negatively impact their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess FCGs' QoL and the impact of clinical characteristics of patients and sociodemographic factors on their QoL. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study surveyed 340 FCGs from outpatient clinics of PwS in two large psychiatric hospitals in Saudi Arabia's eastern province using a convenience sampling approach. We used the Adult Carer Quality of Life (AC-QoL) scale, which has eight subscales and 40 items, to assess QoL. AC-QoL is translated into Arabic in this study. The study included 216 FCGs, with 127 (58.8%) being men, 117 (54.2%) being over 45 years old, 91 (42.1%) being a sibling of a PwS, and 82 (38%) being a parent of a PwS. The mean score in our sample was 78.2 ± 21.24 out of 120, indicating mid-range QoL. Lower QoL was associated with more time spent in caregiving per day, a lower educational level of FCG, and recent admission of PwS to an inpatient unit. PwS FCGs have a mid-range QoL. FCGs reported a moderate financial burden and low levels of support from healthcare professionals. FCG's QoL and stress can be reduced through healthcare providers, participation in a community support group, and addressing an FCG's in an individual setting.

중학생의 부모 지원 군집에 따른 학업성취도 및 진로성숙도의 차이: 자녀와 부모의 군집 비교

This study investigated whether there were differences in the clusters of parental support perceived by middle school students and by their parents, and whether there were differences in the levels of academic achievement and career maturity based on these clusters. Data from the 4th year (2016, N = 6,677, 50.7% female) of the Korean Education Longitudinal Survey (KELS 2013) was used to identify clusters and examine the differences in academic achievement and career maturity among the clusters. Four clusters were identified from the student data: emotional-focused support (33%), low emotional support (22%), overall low support (30%), and overall high support (30%). For the parent data, four clusters were also identified: academic- and emotional-focused support (39%), leisure-focused support (19%), overall low support (24%), and overall high support (18%). These findings confirmed differences in the perceptions of parental support between children and their parents. In both the child and parent clusters, overall high support exhibited the highest levels of academic achievement and career maturity. Notably, among the child clusters, there was no significant difference in academic achievement between overall high support and emotional-focused support. This suggests that the emotional support provided by parents, such as encouragement and expectations, plays a positive role in academic achievement. Furthermore, it was observed that parental suppor tin any form (e.g., leisure activities) had a more positive effect than low levels of support.

Understanding the Role of Social Support in the Adherence to the Hypertension Continuum of Care in Cambodia

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a major public health problem and a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and deaths globally. A continuum of HTN care is necessary for people living with HTN since this chronic disease requires comprehensive life-long healthcare management. Several studies have examined the factors influencing the adherence to HTN care. Socio-demographic and economic characteristics are commonly studied as influencing factors of each step of the cascade of HTN care, yet little is known about the effect of social support on the cascade of HTN care. Therefore, our study aims to assess the role of social support on the cascade of HTN care in Cambodia.
 Method: We performed a population-based survey (5070 individuals aged over 40 and over) to generate a cascade of care for HTN and assess the levels of social support in Cambodia. The cascade shows the patients’ flow in the health system and where they are lost (dropped) along all steps of the cascade from (i) prevalence, (ii) screening, (iii) diagnosis, (iv) treatment in the last 12 months, (v) treatment in the last 3 months, (vi) to being under control. Social support was assessed using the 8-item Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the effect of social support (from a family member) on each step of the cascade.
 Results: Among people living with HTN, 22.4%, 27.0%, 21.6% and 28.9% reported receiving low, medium, high and very high levels of social support respectively. Higher levels of social support were found in female adults, married adults, adults aged over 60, as well as those living in a household of 4 to 5 members and those receiving some or having completed primary education. Participants who received medium and very high levels of social support had two times the odds of receiving treatment for HTN as participants with low levels of support both in the last 12 months and the last 3 months. While, participants who had high level of social support had five times the odds of receiving treatment for HTN (both in the last 12 and 3 months) as participants with low levels of social support. 
 Conclusion: Social support from a family member is strongly associated with treatment compliance in the HTN cascade of care in Cambodia. Our findings suggest an exploration of using social support as a tool to promote adherence to treatment programs for HTN care.
 Implication for applicability/transferability 
 Families are a potential source of social support for hypertensive patients to overcome social barriers and execute disease management tasks especially for treatment compliance. Promoting social support through a social intervention could be a viable path to improve care for hypertensive patients since chronic illness care poses challenges for isolated patients, but could be made easier with the assistance from family.

‘Not having a real life’: psychosocial functions of using and selling drugs among young Afghan men who came to Sweden as unaccompanied minors

ABSTRACT Unaccompanied minors (UM) entering Europe face significant psychosocial challenges. Uncertain residence situations, marginalization during the asylum process, and low levels of support increase their risk of developing mental health and drug use issues. However, little is known about drug involvement (using and dealing) in this group. This is the first study to investigate drug involvement among young adults who entered Europe as UM from their subjective perspectives. We conducted qualitative interviews with 11 Afghan men who came to Sweden as UM in 2015/2016 and had experience of using and/or selling drugs, and analyzed the transcripts based on grounded theory. Drug initiation usually occurred after arrival in Sweden and was related to peer influence. Using and selling fulfilled specific psychosocial functions including self-medication and money-making. ‘Not having a real life’ (being excluded from school, employment, and many social activities) emerged as a central motive for drug involvement. By using or selling drugs, feelings of social belonging and control over one's own life could be experienced. Long, uncertain asylum processes and social exclusion exacerbate the risk of UM and former UM using or selling drugs. Policy and intervention measures must focus on providing this group with support, social inclusion, and meaningful activities.

P39: Predictors of loneliness in Chilean informal caregivers of people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of loneliness in informal caregivers of people with dementia in Chile during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods:195 Chilean informal caregivers responded to an online or telephone survey. They were asked about sociodemographic aspects, clinical and caregiving changes experienced by them and the person with dementia during the pandemic, perceived psychosocial support and loneliness.Results:Less years of formal education, lower income, low level of support with care tasks, living with the person with dementia, low social support, high levels of burden and depressive and anxious symptomatology were significantly related to higher loneliness. In contrast, carrying out physical and mental activity was significantly associated with lower feelings of loneliness. Almost half of the variability of loneliness was explained by higher depressive and anxious symptomatology (β = 0.53), low psychosocial support (β = -0.29) and living with the person with dementia (β = 0.16) (adjusted R2 = 0.48).Conclusion:The risk of developing loneliness in informal caregivers of people with dementia is high. Special emphasis should be placed on developing interventions that improve the mental health of this group, as well as increasing their contact with formal and informal support networks. Thus, they would be able to cope with care tasks in a better way, reducing the likelihood of experiencing feelings of loneliness.

Drug Legalization and Decriminalization Beliefs Among Individuals with and without a History of Substance Use

Drug legalization and decriminalization policy has changed in recent years. This study examined attitudes regarding drug legalization and decriminalization among persons who use substances, a perspective that can provide a unique view on legalization/decriminalization. A nationwide sample of 515 adults with and without substance use were surveyed online to assess opinions on drug legalization and decriminalization. Legalization/decriminalization beliefs were rated on an 11-point scale (0, “strongly disagree”; 10, “strongly agree”) and compared across demographic and drug use characteristics. Among persons with lived experiences in substance use, direct use of certain substances such as opioids or stimulants appears to be associated with low levels of support for legalization and modest support for decriminalization. Individuals with cannabis use largely supported cannabis legalization and decriminalization. Reasons behind ratings by persons with opioid and cocaine use should be further evaluated. Evolving social acceptance of illicit drug use may shift attitudes over time.