Low Loss Level Research Articles

Quantifying the impacts of future sea level rise on nesting sea turtles in the southeastern United States.

Sandy beaches, a necessary habitat for nesting sea turtles, are increasingly under threat as they become squeezed between human infrastructure and shorelines that are changing as a result of rising sea levels. Forecasting where shifting sandy beaches will be obstructed and how that directly impacts coastal nesting species is necessary for successful conservation and management. Predicting changes to coastal nesting areas is difficult because of a lack of consensus on the physical attributes used by females in nesting site choice. In this study, we leveraged long‐term data sets of nesting localities for two sea turtle species, loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, and green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, within four barrier island National Seashores in the southeastern United States to predict future nesting beach area based on where these species currently nest in relation to mean high water. We predicted the future location of nesting areas based on a sea level rise scenario for 2100 and quantified how impervious surfaces will inhibit future beach movement, which will impact both the total available nesting area and the percentage of nesting area predicted to flood following a hurricane‐related storm surge. Contrary to our expectations, those barrier islands with the greatest levels of human infrastructure were not projected to experience the greatest percentage of sea turtle nesting area loss due to sea level rise or storm surge events. Notably, loss of nesting beach areas will not have equal impacts across the four Seashores; the Seashore projected to have the least amount of total nesting area lost and percentage nesting area lost currently has the highest nesting densities of our two study species, suggesting that even low levels of beach loss could have substantial impacts on future nesting densities and disproportionate impacts on the population growth of these species. Our novel method of estimating current and future nesting beach area can be broadly applied to studies requiring a bounded area that encompasses the part of a beach used by nesting coastal species and will be useful in comparing future global nesting densities and population trajectories under projected future sea level rise and storm surge activity.

Silica Glass for High-Q Mechanical Resonators

This paper addresses issues related to the choice of materials for the fabrication of high-Q mechanical resonators. It has been shown that the best material combining a low level of thermoelastic losses and small bulk internal friction is silica glass. Given its excellent dissipative characteristics and relatively low cost, silica glass prepared via high-temperature hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride in an oxygen–hydrogen flame is the most promising material for such resonators.

Autoavaliação de saúde e as associações com a síndrome da fragilidade em idosos atendidos em serviço de Geriatria

Objetivo: analisar a associação entre a autoavaliação de saúde e a síndrome da fragilidade em idosos atendidos no serviço de geriatria.Método: trata-se de um estudo longitudinal que teve na linha de base a participação de 150 idosos. Após oito anos de estudo, 54 idosos da amostra inicial receberam uma segunda avaliação. Os participantes foram avaliados e reavaliados quanto a autoavaliação de saúde que foi classificada em ruim, mais ou menos e boa, assim como, pelo fenótipo da fragilidade identificada por cinco componentes: fraqueza, lentidão, baixo nível de atividade física, exaustão e perda de peso não intencional. Aqueles com nenhum componente foi classificado como não-frágil, aqueles com um ou dois componentes foram classificados como pré-frágeis e aqueles com três ou mais componentes foram considerados frágeis. Para comparar as variáveis de autoavaliação de saúde (ruim, mais ou menos ou boa); classificação da fragilidade (não-frágil, pré-frágil e frágil) e componentes da fragilidade (fraqueza, lentidão, baixo nível de atividade física, exaustão e perda de peso não intencional ), foram realizados os testes de qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher.Resultados: a autoavaliação de saúde “ruim” associou-se com os componentes “lentidão” e “exaustão” com maior frequência (87,5%) e (100,0%), respectivamente (p<0,05).Conclusão: a relação entre medidas subjetivas em saúde e a síndrome da fragilidade prevalente nos idosos, avigora a boa concordância da subjetividade em saúde e condições clínicas capaz de mostrar a relevância de instrumentos que consideram a percepção individual do estado de saúde junto ao rastreio de vulnerabilidade nesta população.

The Quality of Bali Beef from East Nusa Tenggara during Distribution Process from Slaughterhouse to Consumers

The aims of this study were to analyze the physicochemical quality and microbiological condition of Bali beef during distribution process from slaughterhouse to consumers. The study used six heads of Bali cattle from East Nusa Tenggara which were transported by Camara Nusantara cattle ship from East Nusa Tenggara (Kupang) to Tanjung Priok then they were slaughtered at Jatimulya slaughterhouse. Samples were taken from three points distribution: 1) at slaughterhouse, 2) at market, 3) at consumers’ freezer (beef after 3 days at consumers’ freezer). Observation on pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss and tenderness was done to measure the physicochemical quality of Bali beef. In terms of microbiology quantitative analysis of total plate count Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella sp were done on Bali beef. All data were analyzed statistically using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that Bali beef during distribution had normal pH value ranges between 5.43 - 5.57, water holding capacity ranges between 37.1%-38.9%, tenderness ranges between 6.02-8.35 and cooking loss range between 40.26% - 49.72%. Total plate count showed that the number of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella sp. contaminated the Bali beef exceeds Indonesia national standard (3932:2008). However, the physicochemical quality of the beef was in the normal range. The characteristics of Bali beef at three points above mentioned are normal pH, stable water holding capacity, high level of tenderness, and low level of cooking loss.

Filtering antennas: from innovative concepts to industrial applications

A filtering antenna is a device with both filtering and radiating capabilities. It can be used to reduce the cross-band mutual coupling between the closely spaced elements operating at different frequency bands. We review the authors’ work on filtering antenna designs and three related dual-band base-station antenna arrays as application examples. The filtering antenna designs include single- and dual-polarized filtering patch antennas, a single-polarized omni-directional filtering dipole antenna, and a dual-polarized filtering dipole antenna for the base station. The filtering antennas in this paper feature an innovative concept of eliminating extra filtering circuits, unlike other available antennas. For each design, the filtering structure is finely integrated with the radiators or feeding lines. As a result, the proposed designs have the advantages of compact size, simple structure, good in-band radiation performance, and low levels of loss, and do not contain complicated filtering circuits. Based on the proposed filtering antennas, single- and dual-polarized dual-band antenna arrays were developed. Separate antenna elements at different frequency bands were used to achieve the dual-band performance. The cross-band mutual couplings between the elements at different bands were reduced substantially using the antenna inherent filtering performance. The dual-band arrays exhibited better performance as compared to typical industrial products. Some of the proposed technologies have been transferred into the industry.

First order parallel coupled BPF with wideband rejection based on SRR and CSRR

In this paper a new approach for first order Chebyshev parallel coupled Bandpass filter resonant at 1 GHz is presented to obtain better results (wideband rejection, high selectivity and low bandpass insertion loss) compared to conventional design. The proposed filter (a tri-formation consisting of CSRR, SRR and stubs of stepped impedance are loaded microstrip resonator) can be configured, by laying split ring resonator (SRR) and complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) with 50 Ω microstrip lines, in addition to effect of loading two stubs of stepped impedance around center of midline microstrip with impedance line 55.36 Ω of parallel coupled. The proposed filter produces high selectivity from passband to stopband transition equals to 307.5 dB/GHz and an excellent wide stopband performance extend from 1.22 GHz to 5 GHz (harmonics repression till for 5 ƒ0); all are bellow -20 dB excepting one transmission zero of -19 dB, that can be eliminate the harmonic superior frequencies without using any external Bandstop filter. Also, enhancement low bandpass insertion loss level, where it reaches 0.25 dB at fundamental centered frequency (ƒ0 = 0.96 GHz) with 21% bandwidth. The proposed filter is designed and simulated with computer aided of Ansoft HFSS software package which ordinarily used in microwave application.

Design of Wideband Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition for 60 GHz Frequency Band

Introduction. The frequency band around 60 GHz is one of the most promising to realize new generation communication systems with high data rate due to the utilization of a wide operational frequency band that significantly exceeds traditional frequency bands below 6 GHz. High interest in the development of 60 GHz communication systems is related to the recent evolution of MMIC technology that allows creating effective components for this band and the variety of planar devices. Both are typically realized on printed circuit boards and have interfaces that are based on microstrip lines. The wideband waveguide-to-microstrip transition is required to test various active and passive planar devices with microstrip interfaces in order to provide an effective interconnection between the standard waveguide interface of measurement equipment and planar microstrip structures.Objective. The paper deals with the design of planar wideband waveguide-to-microstrip transition with low insertion loss level in the 60 GHz frequency band.Materials and methods. The main objective is achieved by analyzing of discontinuities in waveguide-tomicrostrip transition structure and their influence on transition characteristics. The transition characteristics are analyzed using full-wave electromagnetic simulation and confirmed with experimental investigation of designed wideband waveguide-to-microstrip transition samples.Results. The designed transition is based on an electromagnetic coupling through a slot aperture in a microstrip line ground plane. The transition is performed without using blind vias in its structure that provides low production cost and al-lows integrating the WR-15 rectangular waveguide in a simple manner without any modifications in the waveguide structure. Results of the electromagnetic simulation are confirmed with experimental investigations of the fabricated waveguide-to-microstrip transition samples. The designed transition provides operation in the nominal bandwidth of the WR-15 waveguide, namely, 50…75 GHz with the insertion loss level of 2 dB and with less than 0.8 dB insertion loss level at the 60 GHz frequency.Conclusion. The designed waveguide-to-microstrip transition can be considered as an effective solution for interconnection between various waveguide and microstrip millimeter-wave devices due to its wideband performance, low insertion loss level, simple integration and robustness to the manufacturing tolerances structure.

Extremely low loss optical waveguide for terahertz pulse guidance

This study proposed a dielectric terahertz (THz) D-shape core based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with very low level of effective material loss (EML) for efficient THz pulse propagation. The modal parameters of the proposed fiber have been rigorously computed using finite element method (FEM) by considering the absorption boundary condition (ABC) using perfectly matched layer (PML). Investigation results of the fiber exhibit a low material absorption loss of 0.027 cm−1 and zero flatted dispersion within the 0.85–1.25 THz range. Additionally, large number of crucial features of the fiber have been evaluated. It reduces the bulk absorption loss of ~87% at the same time offers single mode operation. The proposed fiber can be easily fabricated by using stack and draw or sol-gel technique. Due to excellent optical guiding properties, it can be a potential prospect in THz sensing, communication and imaging applications.

Efek steaming up menggunakan Gliricidia sepium pada kambing perah selama masa periode kering terhadap pertumbuhan anak Kambing Peranakan Etawah

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of steaming up using Gliricidia sepium in dry period on the performanceof Etawah Crossbred goats kid production. Twelve goats were selected based on lactation period with the following treatments: (1) T0 as a control, (2) T1 as a treatment for steaming up 0.4% DM, and (3) T2 as a steaming up 0.8% DM. All experiment restricted to the same basal concentrate diet 0.9% DM and ad-libitum of Pennisetum purpureum . The obtained data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The difference in data was analyzed by Duncan's Multiple Distance Test. The result was T2 treatment had a low level of weight loss and BCS at parturition compared to T0 and T1, but had no significant different (P>0.05). Birth weight, weaning weight, and ADG of goats kid were not significantly different between the treatments (P>0.05). The conclusion of this study is that steaming up using Gliricidia sepium by 0.8% based on DM needs in the dry period showed a low decrease in the rate of body weight and low BCS. The steaming up treatment also shows the highest birth weight, weaning weight, and highest ADG.

Impact of packet loss on 4K UHD video for portable devices

Ultra High Definition (UHD) video streaming to portable devices has become topical. Two standardized codecs are current, H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and the more recent High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). This paper compares the two codecs’ robustness to packet loss, after making allowances for relative coding gain. A significant finding from the comparison is that the H.264/AVC codec is less impacted by packet loss than HEVC, despite their differing coding efficiencies and including at low levels of packet loss. The results will be especially relevant to those designing portable devices with 4K UHD video display capability, allowing them to estimate the level of error concealment necessary. The paper also includes the results of HEVC compressed UHD video streaming over an IEEE 802.11ad wireless link operating at 60 GHz as a pointer to future performance in an error-prone channel.

Chiral light-matter interactions using spin-valley states in transition metal dichalcogenides.

Chiral light-matter interactions can enable polarization to control the direction of light emission in a photonic device. Most realizations of chiral light-matter interactions require external magnetic fields to break time-reversal symmetry of the emitter. One way to eliminate this requirement is to utilize strong spin-orbit coupling present in transition metal dichalcogenides that exhibit a valley-dependent polarized emission. Such interactions were previously reported using plasmonic waveguides, but these structures exhibit short propagation lengths due to loss. Chiral dielectric structures exhibit much lower loss levels and could therefore solve this problem. We demonstrate chiral light-matter interactions using spin-valley states of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers coupled to a dielectric waveguide. We use a photonic crystal glide-plane waveguide that exhibits chiral modes with high field intensity, coupled to monolayer WSe2. We show that the circularly polarized emission of the monolayer preferentially couples to one direction of the waveguide, with a directionality as high as 0.35, limited by the polarization purity of the bare monolayer emission. This system enables on-chip directional control of light and could provide new ways to control spin and valley degrees of freedom in a scalable photonic platform.

DESIGN OF LENS ANTENNA WITH PLANAR ORTHOMODE TRANSDUCER FOR 28 GHZ FIXED SERVICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Introduction. Millimeter-wave frequency range can provide utilization of wide transmission frequency bands and therefore a significant increase of the capacity in modern communication systems. One of the main concerns in the design of the 27.5…29.5 GHz-wave communication system is a high gain antenna of the range of 30 dBi to compensate the significant level of radio signal attenuation in the communication channel compared to the traditional frequency bands below 6 GHz. Objective. Development of the integrated lens antenna with the ability to operate on two orthogonal linear polarizations to separate the transmitted and received signals by polarization and, therefore, to create more efficient use of the spectrum. At the same time, an important task is to provide a high aperture efficiency of the antenna and a low level of insertion loss in the distribution system, which should have an interface based on printed transmission lines for connection to the radio frequency circuit elements realized on the printed circuit board. Materials and methods. The main method of the analysis of the lens antenna characteristics is full-wave electromagnetic simulation in the computer-aided design system CST Microwave Studio. The results are confirmed with experimental samples measurement. Results. The designed antenna is an integrated lens antenna consisting of a homogeneous semi-elliptical dielectric lens with a diameter of D = 120 mm with a cylindrical extension and a primary radiator based on a microstrip antenna with a waveguide adapter. Waveguide adapter radiating opening dimensions were optimized using an analytical method based on a combination of geometrical and physical optics. Two orthogonal polarizations are excited on the primary microstrip patch antenna with the corresponding closely spaced “H-type” slots in one internal metallization layer. According to experimental results, the designed antenna provides the gain level of 29.5…30.2 dBi with a halfpower beamwidth of 4.8…5.1 degrees and cross-polarization level exceeding 37 dB for both polarizations in the whole frequency band of 27.5…29.5 GHz. Conclusion. The simplicity of the design, high aperture efficiency and the ability to operate on two orthogonal linear polarizations show that the developed lens antenna can be successfully used in radio communication systems of the 27.5…29.5 GHz frequency range.

A Multi-time Reactive Power Optimization Under Interval Uncertainty of Renewable Power Generation by an Interval Sequential Quadratic Programming Method

Renewable energy sources are a significant means of addressing dwindling conventional fuels and have been increasingly incorporated in transmission power grids on a large scale. However, the uncertainty of renewable energy source power outputs threatens the voltage security of power grids, which restricts the full integration of these sources to some degree. To address this problem, this work employs the reactive power optimization incorporating interval uncertainties (RPOIU) model for the transmission systems. In the RPOIU model, state variables, including load voltages, reactive power generation, and bus angles, are regarded as variables with interval values. Meanwhile, to account for the fluctuation of the load demand and the renewable energy sources in multiple periods of one day, a multi-time RPOIU is proposed. The model seeks to obtain a day-ahead optimal voltage control strategy for ensuring that interval state variables remain within their operating limit constraints in each period of one day, as well for maintaining a low level of daily real power losses. To solve the multi-time RPOIU model, we propose the interval sequential quadratic programming method (ISQPM), which employs a second-order interval Taylor expansion. In addition, an improved interval power flow calculation method, i.e., the optimizing-scenarios method, is employed to obtain the accurate ranges of the interval variables, thus improving the convergence performance of the ISQPM. The quadratic penalty function incorporating the rounding-off process is proposed to deal with the discrete variables in the multi-time RPOIU model. Three cases are tested by simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness, good applicability, and robustness of the proposed method, particularly in comparison to the previously proposed linear approximation method.

Analysis of the Internal Optical Losses of the Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser of the Spectral Range of 1.55 µm Formed by a Plate Sintering Technique

The results of a study of internal optical losses and current injection efficiency in vertical-emitting lasers of a spectral range of 1.55 µm obtained by sintering plates of high-q Bragg reflectors and the active region on the basis of thin strained InGaAs/InAlGaAs quantum wells have been presented. It has been shown that the proposed design of the laser provides a record low level of internal optical losses (less than 6.5 cm–1) and high efficiency of current injection (more than 90%) at room temperature, which allows the realization of submilliampere threshold currents. As the temperature rises to 85°C, the current injection efficiency drops to 70% due to the thermal emission of charge carriers from the active region, accompanied by an increase in internal optical losses to 9.1 cm–1 because of an increase in absorption on free carriers and/or intersubband absorption in the valence band.

Occurrence of sugarcane yellow leaf virus in southern Punjab

Sugarcane Yellow Leaf disease was first recognized as Yellow Leaf Syndrome during the 1980s in Hawaii. Later it was reportedly associated with yield losses of 25% or more in the cultivar SP 71-6163 in Brazil. In Pakistan occurrence of the disease was neglected up to a specific period of time by agricultural extension worker and growers due to low level of losses. Secondly the disease was attributed to nitrogen deficiency factor commonly as indicated by agricultural extension workers. However when disease spread in many parts of the south Punjab beyond the economic threshold level, research workers chalked out a program for the comprehensive survey. The data was recorded on basis of total number of leaf showing symptoms on individual clone as well in the whole field. Visual observation was taken into consideration for the assessment percentage of the disease in the most places, where the disease occurs in patches. The disease has been noted in the central Punjab also. It is concluded that losses due to disease ranged from 10% to 75%

Design and optimization of a new compact 2.4 GHz-bandpass filter using DGS technique and U-shaped resonators for WLAN applications

The objective of this work is the study, the design and the optimization of an innovative structure of a network of coupled copper metal lines deposited on the upper surface of a R04003 type substrate of height 0.813 with a ground deformed by slots (DGS). This structure is designed in an optimal configuration for use in the design of narrowband bandpass filter for wireless communication systems (WLAN), the aim of use the defected ground structure is to remove the unwanted harmonics in the rejection band, the simulation results obtained from this structure using CST software show a very high selectivity of the designed filter, a very low level of losses (less than-0.45 dB) with a size overall size of 43.5x34.3 mm.

2123-P: Peroxiredoxin6 Is a Novel Promoter of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Survival

Background: Diabetes is a multifactorial disease with low levels of inflammation and loss of functional pancreatic β-cell mass. Pancreatic β-cells have a reduced antioxidant capacity with an increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. Pro-inflammatory cytokines increasing reactive oxygen species production lead to cell death. Peroxiredoxin6 (Prdx6), an antioxidant enzyme, is highly expressed in beta cells compared to other antioxidants. We previously reported as Prdx6 knockout (Prdx6-/-) mice have a mild diabetes mellitus phenotype due to a reduction of pancreatic β-cell mass. Moreover, the higher levels of TNFα in Prdx6-/- mice may induce β-cell loss, contributing to the reduction in β-cell mass. However, the intracellular apoptotic pathway leading to cell death have not been investigated, yet. Aims and Results: The objective of this study was to analyze the role of Prdx6 in the modulation of apoptosis in response to TNFα. To achieve this goal, Prdx6 was stably silenced (Prdx6KD) in murine pancreatic beta cell line (βTC6), and, the activation of intrinsic and/or extrinsic apoptotic pathway in response TNFα was analyzed in Prdx6KD and control (Scramble) cell lines. We demonstrated that TNFα administration (50 ng/ml for 24h), induced a two folds increase in apoptosis evaluated by FACS analysis, in Prdx6KD cells compared to scramble cells. Furthermore, by using ELISA assay, we measured the activity of caspase 2, 8, and 10 for the extrinsic pathway and caspase 9 for the intrinsic one. We found that after TNFα treatment, Prdx6KD cells exhibited significant higher levels (p<0.05) of caspase 8 and 9 compared to control cells. Moreover, also the activation of caspase 3 and PARP1 cleavage were significantly augmented in Prdx6KD cells compared to scramble cells, both treated with TNF-α as reported above. Conclusion: These results suggest that Prdx6 can regulate pancreatic β-cells apoptosis. In conclusion, Prdx6 can be considered a novel potential therapeutic target for diabetes, preserving pancreatic β-cells survival. Disclosure F. Pacifici: None. D. Della-Morte: None. B. Capuani: None. D. Pastore: None. R. Arriga: None. A. Coppola: None. G. Donadel: None. A. Bellia: None. D. Lauro: None.

The pepper AP2 domain-containing transcription factor CaDRAT1 plays a negative role in response to dehydration stress

APETALA2 (AP2) domain-containing transcription factors play critical regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stresses, including dehydration stress. In Capsicum annuum (pepper), data are lacking regarding AP2 domain-containing transcription factors and their precise functions. Here, we identified six putative AP2 domain-containing transcription factors in pepper plants; the expression levels of these transcription factors were induced or repressed by dehydration stress. We named the gene having the highest fold change as Capsicum annuumDehydration Responsive AP2 domain-containing Transcription factor 1 (CaDRAT1). CaDRAT1 belongs to the ERF subfamily B-4, but the roles of these ERF proteins in dehydration responses are not well known. CaDRAT1 transcript levels were significantly induced after exposure to abscisic acid (ABA), mannitol, low temperature, and H2O2. The acidic domain in the CaDRAT1 C-terminal region had a transactivation effect on the reporter gene in the yeast GAL4 system. CaDRAT1-silenced pepper plants displayed a dehydration-resistant phenotype characterized by enhanced stomatal closure and low levels of transpirational water loss. Moreover, under dehydration stress conditions, expression levels of stress-related genes including CaNCED3 were higher in CaDRAT1-silenced pepper plants than in control plants and ABA content was also higher. Taken together, our findings suggest that CaDRAT1 functions as a negative regulator of dehydration resistance through modulation of ABA biosynthesis and signaling.

Hair Cortisol in Sheltered Cows and Its Association with Other Welfare Indicators.

Simple SummaryHair cortisol concentrations are measured for the assessment of long-term stress in animals. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of stress in retired, abandoned and unproductive cows housed in traditional shelters through the measurement of their hair cortisol levels. The study further aimed to explore the association of the hair cortisol concentrations with other cow and resource-based welfare indicators. High hair cortisol levels were associated with dung lying in the sheds, low dry bulb temperature and shelters having little access to the yards. At the cow level, high hair cortisol levels were associated with injuries on the joints and body, dehydration, old age, and low body hair loss level. The study concluded that hair cortisol is an effective tool to assess stress levels in cows under field conditions.India, the country with the largest population of dairy cows in the world, has a policy of retiring abandoned and non-lactating cows in shelters, but the level of provision for their welfare in these shelters is unclear. Cows in 54 shelters across India were assessed for historic evidence of physiological stress, through determination of hair cortisol in 540 samples from 10 cows in each shelter by enzyme immunoassay. Animal-based and shelter resource-based welfare measures were recorded and correlations with the hair cortisol investigated by multivariable analysis. High hair cortisol concentrations were associated with dung in the lying area of the cowshed, a low dry bulb temperature there and little cow access to yards, as shelter-based variables. At a cow level, high hair cortisol concentrations were associated with dirty flanks, hock joint ulceration, carpal joint injuries, body lesions, dehydration, an empty rumen, old age, and low levels of body hair loss. Hair cortisol level promises to be an effective biomarker of stress in cows when conducting studies under field conditions.

Compact four-port circulator based on 2D photonic crystals with a 90° rotation of the light wave for photonic integrated circuits applications

A four-port optical circulator based on two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystals is reported. It is simple besides the brief framework. The crystalline geometrical structure of the circulator makes 90° non-reciprocal transmissions of electromagnetic waves with low insertion loss and high levels of isolation by the diligence of magneto-optic crystals. The structure is novel because it uses a resonant cavity with a simple design. Also, in comparison to prior models, the proposed four-port circulator utilizes a two-dimensional square lattice crystal structure with a cylindrical ferrite section of the π/4 Faraday angle. The finite element method is used for this anisotropic medium to get the tensor elements in this simulation. The importance of the gyromagnetic properties of ferrite crystals for the non-reciprocal transmission is investigated. Furthermore, the corresponding S-parameters for this circulator are analyzed and reported. Due to the compact size and ease of fabrication, this device can be realized for applications such as splitting and isolation in photonic integrated circuits.