Low-level Relationship Research Articles

The Relationship between the Leisure Boredom, Leisure Satisfaction, and Smartphone Addiction: A Study on University Students

This study aimed to describe the relationships between leisure boredom, leisure satisfaction, and smartphone addictions among university students. The study sample consisted of 258 participants, 143 males and 115 females, studying at Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Sports Sciences. The participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Data collection tools involved a personal information form, the "Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS)", the "Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS)" and "Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV)". Independent t-Test results revealed a significant difference in SAS-SV by gender. The MANOVA results indicated a significant difference between the "Satisfaction" sub-dimension of LBS and the "Educational," "Social," "Physical," and "Relaxation" sub-dimensions of LSS by gender. A significant difference was found between LBS's "Satisfaction" sub-dimension and all sub-dimensions of LSS by income status. According to the ANOVA results, there was no significant relationship between the SAS-SV scores by income status of the participants. Besides, there was a negative and low-level correlation between age and the "Satisfaction" sub-dimension of LBS, the "Physical" and "Relaxation" sub-dimensions of LSS and SAS-SV. There was a negative and low correlation between "Boredom" of LBS and "Psychological," "Social," and "Relaxation" sub-dimensions of LSS, and there was a positive and low correlation between LBS and SAS-SV. Similarly, a positive and low-level relationship was determined between all sub-dimensions of LSS and SAS-SV. In this sense, it was concluded that the LBS, LSS, and SAS-SV scores differed according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. As leisure boredom increased, leisure satisfaction decreased, and smartphone addiction increased. It was also found that as leisure satisfaction improved, smartphone addiction increased.

The relationship between perceived freedom, leisure involvement, and happiness of individuals participating in physical activities

Background: ‪‪This study is aimed to determine the relationship between the perceived freedom, involvement and happiness of individuals participating in physical activities. Material and Methods: ‪The sample of the study consisted of 523 members. The Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale, the Leisure Involvement Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form were used as data collection tools. In analysing the data, independent t-test, ANOVA, MANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used. Results: ‪‪Independent t-Test results determined a significant difference between OHQ-SF scores according to the participants’ gender. MANOVA analysis result showed that the main effect of the gender variable on the sub-dimensions of LIS was significant, and there was a difference in all sub-dimensions. The main effect of marital status on the sub-dimensions of LIS was significant, while there was a positive and low-level relationship between age and OHQ-SF. Conclusions: ‪The levels of OHQ-SF, PFLS-25 and LIS differ depending on the individuals’ socio-demographic characteristics. Moreover, there was a positive and low level of relationship between OHQ-SF and PFLS-25 and LIS, and a positive and low level of correlation between PFLS-25.

Turizmin Etkileri ve Şehir Yaşam Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişki

The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between the effects of tourism and the quality of life in the city. In the study, in which the quantitative research method was preferred, a questionnaire was used. The data were collected between July 2019 and February 2020 via facebook and whatsapp social media. 207 questionnaires were used. As a result of the analyzes, it has been determined that there are positive linear low and medium level relationships between the dimensions of variables. As a result of the comparison analyzes, according to the working status, the dimension of satisfaction with infrastructure and facilities of the city; according to the age variable and the length of living in Alanya variable, the participants’ perceptions regarding the satisfaction with people's personal situation dimension about the quality of life in cities differed significantly; according to gender, only the participants’ perceptions regarding the economy, image and infrastructure status of destination dimension show a significant difference.

Teaching performance and learning achievements in university students

The objective was to determine the relationship of teaching performance with the achievement of learning in the Design Workshop subject of the Architecture career at the César Vallejo University Chimbote campus, 2020, from the students' perspective. Therefore, the research had a quantitative, descriptive correlational approach of non-experimental design. For the sample, 35 students were considered to whom a questionnaire with five response alternatives with 39 items was applied to measure the two variables: teaching performance (four dimensions) and learning achievement (three dimensions). Spearman's correlation analysis showed a p-value of 0.031 and an r-value of 0.364, so both variables have a low-level positive relationship. This means that there will be better learning achievement when the teaching performance is better. It is concluded that teaching performance has a significant relationship with the achievement of learning.

The Relationship Between the Digital Game Addiction Levels of Secondary and High School Students and Their Motivation for Participation in Physical Activity During the Pandemic Process

This study aims to determine the relationship between the digital game addiction levels of secondary and high school students and their motivation for participation in physical activity during the pandemic process. the study participants include a total of 322 students, 227 males, and 95 females, aged between 11 and 18. the game addiction scale for adolescents and the motivation scale for participation in physical activity were used as data collection tools in the study. in the statistical method of the study, descriptive statistics (frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation), t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey multiple comparisons, and Pearson correlation tests were used. In the research findings, it has been determined that there is a negative and low-level significant relationship between the individual reasons and causelessness sub-dimensions of the motivation scale for participation in physical activity and digital game addiction. there was a significant difference in the game addiction scale and sub-dimensions of the motivation for participation in physical activity according to the duration of digital gaming of the students and their education levels. A significant difference was determined in the motivation scale for participation in physical activity according to the branch variable, and in the scale of game addiction according to the situation of the parents’ setting limits on the duration of digital gaming. A significant difference was not found in either scale according to gender. As a result, it was observed that the more the motivation for participation in physical activity, the lower the digital game addiction.

The Relationships Between Leisure Satisfaction, Job Performance, and Life Satisfaction: A Sample of Private Sector Employees in Turkey

This study aimed to describe the relationships between leisure satisfaction, job performance, and life satisfaction among private-sector employees. The study sample consisted of 347 employees, 158 males, and 189 females, working in a private company in Istanbul. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling method. The data collection tools included the “Leisure Satisfaction Scale”; the "Job Performance Scale", and "Life Satisfaction Scale". The data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, MANOVA, and Pearson Correlation analysis. The analysis results showed no significant difference between the Life-SS and Leisure-SS scores by gender, but there was a difference in the JPS scores. No significant difference was measured in any scales by marital status. There was a significant statistically meaningful difference between the Life-SS and JPS scores by working types, but no difference in the Leisure-SS scores. There was a difference between the Life-SS and JPS scores; the difference in the Leisure-SS scores was not significant. There was a positive and low-level relationship between JPS and Life-SS. Similarly, a positive and low-level relationship was found between the "Psychological," "Educational" and "Social" sub-dimensions of Leisure-SS and Life-SS. However, there was no relationship between the sub-dimensions of JPS and Leisure-SS. In conclusion, there were meaningful differences in all scale scores by specific socio-demographic characteristics; there was a positive correlation between the "Psychological," "Educational" and "Social" sub-dimensions of Leisure-SS and the Life-SS, and that there was no relationship between Leisure-SS, Life-SS, and JPS. As a result, it can be said that as individuals' job performance and leisure time satisfaction increase, their life satisfaction also increases.

Examining the Relationship Between Pre-Service Teachers' Behaviors Towards Environmental Issues and Their Awareness

This research was designed in the relational screening model to examine the relationship between the awareness levels of pre-service teachers towards environmental issues and their behaviors towards environmental issues. 5 multiple-choice questions to determine their descriptive features, the "Awareness Scale for Environmental Issues" developed by Guven (2011) to measure their awareness of environmental issues, and the "Behavior Scale for Environmental Issues" to measure their behaviors on this were applied by the researcher to 129 pre-service teachers studying at Gazi Osmanpasa University, Faculty of Education, Department of Primary School Teaching in the 2019-2020 academic year. Numbers, percentage, mean, standard deviation were used as descriptive statistical methods in the evaluation of the data. T-test was used for comparison of quantitative continuous data between two independent groups and a one-way Anova test was used for comparison of quantitative continuous data between more than two independent groups. Scheffé's test was used after the Anova test as a complementary post-hoc analysis to determine the differences. The Pearson correlation and regression analysis were applied between the continuous variables of the study. As a result of the research, it was determined that the awareness of the pre-service primary school teachers about environmental issues was low and their behavior towards environmental issues was moderate. A low-level significant relationship was found between pre-service primary school teachers’ awareness of environmental issues and their behaviors. As a result, it was concluded that as the awareness levels of primary school teachers towards environmental issues increased, their behaviors towards environmental issues increased positively.

The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: A Study on Sports Industry

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction of individuals working in the sports industry. The sample of the study consisted of 423 people (317 males and 106 females), who work in the sports industry in Istanbul and selected by purposeful sampling method. In the study, in addition to the personal information form, the “Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale” developed by Weiss et al. (1967) and adapted to Turkish by Baycan (1985), the “Job Performance Scale” developed by Kirkman and Rosen (1999) to determine the job performance of employees and adapted to Turkish by Çöl (2008) were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation analyses were performed. The results of the analysis determined that individuals did not differ according to their gender in both their job satisfaction levels and their job performance. It was determined that there was a significant difference in the “External Satisfaction” sub-dimension of the job satisfaction scale according to marital status, and there was a statistical difference in the “Internal Satisfaction” and “External Satisfaction” sub-dimensions of the job satisfaction scale according to the working hours of the participants in the workplace. Moreover, it was determined that there was no significant difference according to the marital status of the participants and the duration of their work. Finally, it was determined that there was a positive and low-level relationship between the sub-dimensions of the job satisfaction scale and the job performance scale. As a result, it was determined that the job satisfaction and job performance levels of the individuals differed according to their socio-demographic characteristics, and the higher their job satisfaction, the higher their job performance.

Analisa Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada PD Pasar Jaya Hwi Lindeteves Jakarta Barat

In organization must have done planning in human resource management processing to get right person for the right position. the targets of human resource management in organization management functions tell about leadership issues. The purpose of the research to determine the influence of leadership style on employee performance in PD Pasar Jaya HWI Lindeteves West Jakarta in Nursing Field. The method is used the method of quantitative analysis. The data obtained through the spread of questionnaires with Likert scale measurements, for the sample of 36 respondents from a population of 40 employees. The technique analysis is used correlation coefficient test, coefficient of determination test, and test of regression equation. Based on the calculation of correlation coefficient obtained value of 0.385 indicates that the low level of relationship between leadership styles on employee performance, the coefficient of determination shows the value indicates that the influence of leadership style on employee performance influential and the rest influenced by others factors such as work discipline, motivation, training, job satisfaction and compensation. From the regression is meaning the leadership style plus 1 unit then will increase employee performance, For advice, the organization should has to head of the nursing field continue to work, improve and understand the application of leadership style to employees it can be more conducive.

Analisa Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada PD Pasar Jaya Hwi Lindeteves Jakarta Barat

In organization must have done planning in human resource management processing to get right person for the right position. the targets of human resource management in organization management functions tell about leadership issues. The purpose of the research to determine the influence of leadership style on employee performance in PD Pasar Jaya HWI Lindeteves West Jakarta in Nursing Field. The method is used the method of quantitative analysis. The data obtained through the spread of questionnaires with Likert scale measurements, for the sample of 36 respondents from a population of 40 employees. The technique analysis is used correlation coefficient test, coefficient of determination test, and test of regression equation. Based on the calculation of correlation coefficient obtained value of 0.385 indicates that the low level of relationship between leadership styles on employee performance, the coefficient of determination shows the value indicates that the influence of leadership style on employee performance influential and the rest influenced by others factors such as work discipline, motivation, training, job satisfaction and compensation. From the regression is meaning the leadership style plus 1 unit then will increase employee performance, For advice, the organization should has to head of the nursing field continue to work, improve and understand the application of leadership style to employees it can be more conducive.

DETERMINATION OF TECHNOLOGY ATTITUDES AND TECHNOSTRESS LEVELS OF GEOGRAPHY TEACHER CANDIDATES

With the effect of the global epidemic, the use of technology has increased more, and digital technologies have been used in all fields of life. One of these fields is education. Particularly, the attitudes towards technology and technostress levels of teacher candidates in Geography education, which is the department that undertakes the role of educator of tomorrow and where technology is partially used less, have been investigated. The aim of this study is to determine the technostress levels and attitudes towards technology of geography teacher candidates. The research is in survey model and an online questionnaire form was applied to 148 teacher candidates studying at Necmettin Erbakan and Marmara University Faculty of Education, Department of Geography Education for the 2020-2021 academic years. “Determining Teachers' Technostress Levels” and “Teacher Candidates' Attitudes towards Technology” scales were used as data collection tools. The internal consistency coefficients obtained in this study were calculated as .86 and .83. As a result of the study, the attitudes towards technology and technostress levels of the geography teacher candidates were found to be medium level. The grade level and average daily internet usage time are important for technostress, but it does not make any difference according to the attitude towards technology. While gender is not an important variable for technostress, it is important in terms of attitude towards technology, men have more technology attitudes than women. There is a negative and low level relationship between attitude towards technology and technostress level. As a recommendation, It may also be suggested to provide geography teacher candidates with more applied training in order to gain an attitude towards technology and reduce their technostress’

Investigation of the relationships between perceived causes of COVID-19, attitudes towards vaccine and level of trust in information sources from the perspective of Infodemic: the case of Turkey

BackgroundThe main purpose in this study carried out from the perspective of infodemic was to investigate the relationships between individuals’ perceived causes of COVID-19, their attitudes towards vaccine and their levels of trust in information sources in terms of various descriptive characteristics.MethodsIn this cross-sectional and correlational study conducted with 1216 individuals from different provinces of Turkey, the Perception of Causes of COVID-19 (PCa-COVID-19) Scale was used. In addition, a questionnaire including the participants’ descriptive characteristics, their attitudes towards vaccine and their level of trust in information sources about Covid-19 was used.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 35.9 ± 12.3 years. Of them, 62.5% were women, 59.0% were married, and 62.1% were university graduates. As for their view of having the Covid-19 vaccine, 54.1% thought to have it, 16.2% did not think, and 29.7% were undecided. Although the correlation was not significant, of the participants, those who considered having vaccination mostly trusted YouTube as their source of information. Of the participants, those whose level of trust in government institutions and health professionals was high displayed significantly more favorable attitudes towards vaccine. The participants obtained the highest mean score from the Conspiracy Theories subscale of the PCa-COVID-19 scale. There was a positive and low-level relationship between attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine, and the Conspiracy Theories (r: 0.214) and Faith Factors (r: 0.066) sub-dimensions of the PCa-COVID-19 Scale.ConclusionsThe level of vaccine hesitancy in Turkey is at an alarming level, and the virus is defined by moderate conspiracy theories. In this context, in the fight against infodemic, it is critical to implement mechanisms that can reveal misinformation and to plan initiatives that can increase the health literacy levels of societies.

The Relationship Between the Performance and the Perceived Stress of Employees

The study aimed to determine the relationship between the job performance of individuals working in the sports industry and their perceived stress. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 474 people including 361 male and 113 female that working in a private company operating in the sports industry in Istanbul, and they were selected by purposeful sampling method. After the data showed normal distribution; Independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used to analyse the data. According to the result of the analysis, there was no statistically significant difference found between the job performance and perceived stress levels of the participants according to their marital status and educational status. A significant difference was found in the perceived stress levels and job performances of the individuals according to their gender and working period in the workplace. Finally, it was found that there was a negative and low-level relationship between the perceived stress scale and job performance scale. As a result, it was determined that the stress perceived by the individuals and their job performance levels differed according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals, and the higher the stress levels perceived by the individuals, the lower their job performance were.

Parents’ Perceptions of School Climate as a Predictor of Parents’ Participation in Their Children’s Education

Abstract Introduction: Parent involvement, which is defined as the attitudes, values and behaviors of parents supporting their children’s learning and education outcomes, has an important place in the education process of children. Many researchers acknowledge the important role that the strong positive link between home and school plays in children's development and education. However, many factors affect the participation of parents. School climate is one of these factors. Parent support and participation are considered important in a positive school climate. Thus, in schools with a healthy and open climate, school members can express their views more easily and contribute more actively to the educational process. Based on these thoughts, in this study, the extent to which parents’ participation in their children’s education is predicted by their perceptions of school climate. Methods: The research participants comprised 513 parents in Turkey, 413 women (80%) and 102 men (20%). Parental Participation Scale and Parents’ Perception of School Climate Scale were used in the study. Descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression (stepwise) analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Findings obtained from the study showed that the level of parents’ participation in the educational processes of their children and their perception of school climate is high. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was found that only the Parent Participation Scale's “supporting child's socio-cultural development sub-dimension”, and School Climate Scale's “safety climate and academic climate” sub-dimensions had a significant and moderate relationship. In addition, as a result of the stepwise regression analysis, it was found that the safety climate and academic climate sub-dimensions significantly predicted the sub-dimension of supporting the socio-cultural development of the child. It was found that there were significant but low level relationships among the other sub-dimensions of the scales. Discussion: School climate refers to the social, physical and academic environments of the school, and in terms of school climate, activities in the school encourage students to feel comfortable and realize the learning process. In this respect, it is important that safety, and academic climate sub-dimensions are a significant predictor of the child's socio-cultural development support dimension. Limitations: The data in this study were collected from parents whose children are studying in primary schools in Pendik district of Istanbul/Turkey. In addition, variables with medium and higher correlation values were included in the regression analysis. Conclusion: School administrators and teachers should organize activities that will involve the parents in the education process in order to get the support of the parents during the education process. School administrators should create an open and healthy school climate while administrating the school, and should never ignore the impact of this climate on stakeholders.

The Research Capability of Secondary School Science Teachers

This paper described the perceived level of research capability of secondary school Science teachers in the basic education whereas a descriptive-correlational design was employed to determine the extent of relationship between research capability and profile of the 76 Science teachers from the Schools Division of Pampanga. A Re-search Capability Self-Assessment Scale Abrazado & Coronel (2016) was adopted to identify the level of research capability of the respondents, also a checklist was developed to identify the problems encountered by on their research undertakings. Most of the Science teachers did not yet pursue higher professional studies. Majority did not have the opportunity to attend research trainings; regarded with low research productivity. Science teachers had moderate research capability. Science teachers’ research capability had low level relationship with their profile in terms of educational attainment, research trainings and seminars attended, and research output. Lack of time, research trainings and research skills were the problems encountered. A sustainable research development program will aid Science teachers to develop and enhance their research capability.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AND TEACHERS' LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CREATIVITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational climate and teachers' levels of organizational creativity and organizational cynicism. In the research, a relational screening model was used. The population of the study consists of 1974 teachers working in 65 secondary schools in Batman city centre during the 2017-2018 academic year. The sample of the study consists of 756 teachers working in 24 secondary schools selected via the cluster sampling method. In this research, the “Organizational Climate Scale”, “Organizational Creativity Scale”, and “Organizational Cynicism Scale” were used. It was determined that the perceptions of the teachers of organizational climate, organizational creativity, and organizational cynicism were statistically significant differences in some of the independent variables used in the research. As a result of the correlation analysis, supportive principal behaviors, intimate teacher behaviors and engaged teacher behaviors were found to be positive and moderate in terms of organizational creativity levels of organizational climate. There was a positive and low-level relationship between the behaviors of directive principals and organizational creativity of teachers, a negative and low-level relationship between careless teacher behaviors and organizational creativity levels of teachers. There was a negative and moderate relationship between supportive principal behaviors and organizational cynicism levels of teachers, a negative and low-level relationship between intimate teacher behaviors and engaged teacher behaviors and teachers' organizational cynicism levels; a positive and low-level relationship between directive principal behaviours and frustrated principals and organizational cynicism levels of teachers, and a positive and moderate relationship between careless teacher behaviors and teachers' organizational cynicism levels. There was a negative and moderate relationship between organizational creativity and organizational cynicism levels of teachers. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that perceived organizational climate is a significant predictor of teachers' organizational creativity and organizational cynicism levels. Article visualizations:

Investigation about self-esteem levels of athletes who have been educated in different sports branches according to some variables: A study on physically handicapped individuals

This study aimed to examine the self-esteem of those who did sports in physically disabled individuals by some variables. Based on this aim, the study was designed quantitatively. In this descriptive research, the general survey model that is coherent with the main purpose was used. The study group of the research consisted of 140 individuals aged 18 and over who had physical disabilities and actively engage in sports. Purposeful sampling approaches and easily accessible sampling methods were used in the selection of the study group. The scale form was used to collect research data. The scale form consisted of two parts. In the first part of this form, there was a personal information form containing information about the participants and in the second part, there was the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale" developed by Rosenberg (1965) and adapted into Turkish by Çuhadaroğlu (1986). This form was applied to the participants on a voluntary basis, on the internet between 13.05.2020 and 03.06.2020. Necessary explanations were made to the participants while filling the form and they were provided to answer correctly. In this study, the self-esteem of physically disabled athletes was examined according to some variables. The research group consisted of 140 participants; 42 (30.0%) of them were female and 98 (70.0%) of them were male and the number of male participants was approximate twice the number of female participants. It was found that 18 (12.9%) participants were graduated from elementary and secondary schools, 59 (42.1%) from high school, and 63 (45%) from college, and the number of the participants belonging to the group consisted of graduates from high school and college were approximately four times more than the participants from the elementary and secondary school graduate group. It was determined that 9 (13.6%) of the participants had low, 105 (75%) had medium and 16 (11.4%) had a high level of income. It was observed that 83 (59.3%) of the participants were congenitally disabled and 57 (40.7%) of the participants disabled after birth and the number of congenitally disabled participants approximately 1.5 times more than the number of participants with disabilities after birth. It was determined that the number of participants who were national athletes was approximately 2.5 times those who were not. Among the variables examined, it was seen that there was only a statistically positive and low-level significant relationship between the sports age variable and the self-esteem mean score of the participants (r = .147; p < 0.05). In this context, as the age of the participants increased, the self-esteem of the participants also increased. As a result, it was determined that there was a positive correlation between the age of starting sports and self-esteem in physically disabled individuals, and individuals who started sports at an early age had a higher rate than other individuals.

The Investigation of Attitudes Towards Physical Activity and Their Levels of Life Satisfaction of High School Students

The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes towards physical activity and their levels of life satisfaction of high school students. The sampling group of the study that was descriptive in scanning model was composed of 412 students, chosen by suitable sampling method, studying at high schools’ levels in Artova district of Tokat province. Personal Information Form, Cognitive Behavioural Physical Activity Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale were applied to the students. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean and standard deviation, and Kolmogorov Smirnov test to examine the distribution of data were performed in the analysis of the data. And in order to test the hypothesises of the study parametric tests such as independent sample t-test and one-way anova were performed. In addition, Pearson Correlation test was performed to test the relationship between dependent variables such as students' attitude towards physical activity and life satisfaction level. According to the results of the analysis, independent variables such as gender, sports, place of life and class level bring about a significant difference on students’ attitude towards physical activity and life satisfaction level. Moreover, the findings of the study show that there is a low level, positive and meaningful relationship between life satisfaction level and physical activity attitude. As a result of the study, it was found that the students' attitudes towards physical activity and their life satisfaction levels were affected by various variables and there was a meaningful relationship between these two dependent variables.

Investigation of Emotional Intelligence of Secondary School Students in Terms of Some Variables

In this study, the emotional intelligence levels of secondary school students were determined and the relationship between the sub-dimensions of emotional intelligence and grade levels, parental education levels and academic achievement variables was examined. The research was carried out with the correlational model, one of the relational screening models. In the study, 328 students selected by cluster sampling method from 9 Anatolian High Schools and 3 Science High Schools, which were determined by the easily accessible sampling method in the universe of Kocaeli province, were included in the sample. The Emotional Intelligence Trait Scale-Short Form adapted into Turkish by Deniz, Ozer and Isik (2013) was used as a data collection tool. According to the findings obtained from the research; students are above average in terms of total emotional intelligence and sub-dimensions of well-being, self-control, emotionality and sociability. Emotional intelligence of students does not differ according to their grade level. There is a significant but weak relationship between the education levels of both parents and the total emotional intelligence score averages of the students. Finally, there is a significant but low level relationship between students' emotional intelligence sub-dimensions, sociability, emotionality, well-being and self-control, and academic success, and these dimensions explain only 0.7% of their academic success. These findings obtained in the research are discussed in relation to the literature and some suggestions are presented.

Does social support affect perceived stress? A research during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the effects of multidimensional social support perceptions on the stress levels of people aged 18 and over. The universe of the study consists of individuals aged 18 and over living in Turkey; 802 people participated in the study where the convenience sampling method was used. The data were collected through a questionnaire created on the internet via Google Form. Descriptive statistical methods, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the correlation analysis, negative and low-level relationships were found between perceived stress and the friend and the significant other dimensions of multidimensional social support, while negative and moderate relationships were found between perceived stress and family dimension. According to the regression analysis results, multidimensional social support explains 11% of the total variance in perceived stress. In the regression model, when the t-test results regarding the significance of the regression coefficient are examined, it is observed that the increase in the perceptions of the participants about the family dimension decreases the perceived stress levels statistically.