Low Level Of Perception Research Articles

Risk assessment for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and its determinants among adults attending Dubai primary health care centres, 2012

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent andcostly chronic health conditions in the United Arab Emirates. Earlyidentification of people who are at risk is a pivotal step to initiativepreventive measures. Objectives: To assess level of risk of developingtype 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify the determinants of risk fordeveloping type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology:Across-sectional study was carried out among adults attending the primary healthcare centers in Dubai, UAE. A total of 515 adults were selected by systematic randomsample and assessed using an interview questionnaire. Results: More thanforty percent of the participants demonstrated a risk for developing type 2diabetes mellitus. It was found that, 21.6%, 19.4% and 1.9% of participantswere at moderate, high and very high risk respectively to develop T2DM within10 years. The results of stepwise logistic regression, revealed ten predictors associated with the risk of developing T2DM which wereage 45 years or more, positive family history of diabetes mellitus, poor knowledgelevel, low perception level about diabetes, eating refine grains or fried foodon daily basis, history of high blood glucose, physica lactivity < 30minutes/day, BMI ≥25kg/m2 in addition to high waist circumference. Conclusion: The overallrisk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults attending the primaryhealth care centers was alarming. The participants at risk were characterizedby obesity, central obesity, physical inactivity and positive family history ofdiabetes. Recommendations:The use ofdiabetes risk assessment questionnaire as initial step for type 2 diabetesmellitus screening in the PHC centers. In addition to implementation of astructured lifestyle modification program to be delivered to those at moderateand high risk of developing T2DM to improve their health and to delay orprevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Perception of occlusion and reasons for not seeking orthodontic treatment among Yemeni children

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate perception of the children to their own occlusion and reason for not seeking orthodontic treatment in a sample of 12-year-old Yemeni school children. Materials and Methods: The study sample was comprised of 3003 children, attending schools in six governorates (cities and environs) in Yemen. For each subject, the standard demographic information such as gender and residency was collected, after which a questionnaire was used to determine the perception of occlusion and to assess the history of orthodontic treatment. Results: Of the whole, only 2.2% of the sample had some type of orthodontic treatment or consultation. Nearly 63.4% answered that they have aligned teeth, 29.7% have malaligned teeth, whereas 6.9% of them did not know whether they have aligned or malaligned teeth. Of the children who stated that they have malaligned teeth, 31.6% reported that they had crowded teeth, 15.5% had spaced teeth, 28.5% had protruded teeth and 24.3% had rotated and displaced teeth. Regarding the answers of the effect of malaligned teeth, 60.9% thought that it affects their appearance, 6.5% chewing, and 7.6% speech. The most common reasons for not seeking orthodontic treatment were ignorance about treatment, the thought that treatment is not important or not possible (61.1%) and having fear of pain or tooth extraction (23%). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, almost 2% of the evaluated Yemeni school children had some type of orthodontic treatment or consultation, suggesting low perception level of the Yemeni children to their own occlusion.

The Issue of Children with Visual Handicap School Matureness as One of Inclusion Determinants

What should we imagine when we hear the term school matureness? This term contains physical, psychical and social readiness of a child to enter the primary education system. The benchmark for entering is set in the Czech republic by the age of six, when certain criteria are met also by the age of five. In the case of children with visual handicap, the benchmark seems not to be ideal, so we usually talk about the delay of entering the primary education system. If we talk about those children, it is necesarry to take into acount the full scope of the progress pattern. The most frequent reasons for the delay are for example insufficient work pace, low perception level or intellectual abilities.

Perception of academic nursing staff toward shared governance

Shared governance is the set of practices under which faculty members and other staff participates in the decision-making process concerning the operation of their institution and may interfere with the everyday work and activities. The perception of academic nursing staff toward “shared governance” was assessed in a nonexperimental survey research design. Using a nonprobability sampling method, all academic nursing staff had the opportunity to respond to the Collaborative Behavior Scale (CBS) at the pre-implementation of shared governance model. Four universities, including public and private universities were included in the study. Both surveys contained a short demographic section and the Collaborative Behavior Scale CBS adapted from Stickler 1991. Results showed a low level of perception which presented by the collaborative behaviors toward shared governance. Interestingly, commitment to shared governance was neither sufficient nor satisfied during this time. Long experiences with advanced ages for MSc and PhD holders' had significantly higher scores on perception than other groups. The results of the survey indicated that academic staff members recognized shared governance as a process, not a project, and that it takes time to share responsibility, accountability, and authority for faculty members. Overall, Jordanian academic nursing staff have not enough willingness nor commitment to shared governance principles.

The Elementary and Middle School Students' Perceptions of Global Warming and Climate Change

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary and middle school (grade 5 and 7) students' perceptions of global warming and climate change. A total of 239 students completed opened-form questionnaire consisting of cartoons regarding global warming and climate change. The results showed that are as follows. Elementary and middle school students had low level of perception of global warming and climate change. A majority of students rightly believed that the global warming is related to greenhouse gases, glacier, environmental pollution, etc. Also, Many students had scientific concepts about the cause of global warming while some of the students had misconceptions that destruction of the ozone layer will cause an global warming. We have found that some of the students of elementary and middle school had confused between the cause of global warming and ozone depletions.

간호사와 간호조무사가 지각하는 방사선사 인식도

본 연구는 부산광역시 소재 대학병원에 근무하는 간호사와 간호조무사 321명을 대상으로 방사선사의 인식도를 조사하여 방사선사의 위상과 전문적 이미지를 향상시키기 위한 기초 자료를 제공 하고자 연구를 실시한 결과 인식도는 <TEX>$3.02{\pm}0.42$</TEX>점이며 영역별로는 직업적 이미지가 높았고 업무적 이미지가 낮았다. 문항별로는 '전문직이다'가 높았고 '환자의 문제를 잘 파악하고 있다'가 가장 낮았다. 교육과정, 시험주관기관을 정확히 알고 있고 의료법상 의료인, 의료기사라고 응답한 대상자들의 인식도가 높았고 호칭을 기사로 사용하는 대상자의 인식도가 낮았다. 방사선사 직업 선택을 찬성하고 의료기관내 위치가 높다는 대상자의 인식도가 높았다. 인식도를 높이기 위한 방안으로 환자에 대한 적극적인 관심과 친절한 태도로 부정적인 이미지를 개선하고 호칭을 정립하기 위한 개인과 협회차원의 홍보와 대책이 필요하며 과거 전문대학의 이미지에서 탈피하기 위한 노력과 학술대회와 보수교육 활성화, 전문방사선사제도의 법령 제정으로 방사선사의 자질과 위상을 높이고 대중매체를 통한 홍보와 모니터링으로 전문직업인으로서의 이미지 향상을 위한 개인과 협회의 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각한다. The study conducted a survey on the perception level for radiological technologists with 321 nurses and auxiliary nurses working at university hospitals in Busan in order to supply preliminary data to enhance the status as well as professional images of radiological technologists. The result shows the perception level of <TEX>$3.02{\pm}0.42$</TEX> with the highest score for the professional image and the lowest score for the business image. By question, 'they are professional' gets the highest score while 'they understand problems of patients well' gets the lowest. Among respondents, those who are well aware of education courses as well as leading organization of examination and who answer as a health care provider or a medical technician under the medical law show a high level of perception while those who answer as technician show a low perception level. Those who agree with radiologists as a career and consider their status as high in medical institutions have a high level of perception. In order to improve the perception level, individuals as well as associations' promotion and strategies are required to fix the title and enhance the negative images through active interests and kind attitudes toward patients. Also, efforts to escape from previous images limited to technical colleges, to vitalize academic conference and remedial education, and to frame the law of professional radiological technologists system are asked to heighten the qualification and status of radiological technologists. More than that, advertising and monitoring via mass media are needed to develop the image as professional career men as well.

지방의료원 의료소비자의 서비스가치, 브랜드이미지, 재이용의도 간 관계

The study was performed to measure structural relationship among service value, brand image, and royalty of patients in regional public hospitals in Korea. Based on the analysis, the study aims to establish strategic direction of the regional public hospitals. Through a review of related literatures, measurement variables were identified, and a path model was developed for the study. Five regional public hospitals were chosen, and questionnaire has been collected from 387 outpatients and 358 inpatients. The study found that service value has a positive direct effect on brand image, and brand image has a positive direct effect on loyalty. Based on the findings, it is desirable for the regional public hospitals should mange the issues with lower level of perception and those with bigger effect, and establish low pricing strategy with improving the quality of service they provide.

Conflict and professionalism: perceptions among nurses in Saudi Arabia

To examine the relationship between nurses' perceptions of conflict and professionalism. In Saudi Arabia, health-care sectors are constantly undergoing major changes because of social, consumer-related, governmental, technological and economic pressures. These changes will influence the nature of health-care organizations, such as hospitals' work environment. The ability of nurses to practise in a professional manner may be influenced by their work environment and conflict level. A cross-sectional design was conducted in this study. A simple random selection of three health-care sectors in Saudi Arabia was performed and 346 nurse managers, as well as bedside nurses participated to provide information about conflict levels and professionalism. The Perceived Conflict Scale was used to assess the level of conflict, and the Valiga Concept of Nursing Scale was used to assess the professionalism perception among nurses. The intragroup/other department type of conflict had a statistically significant correlation with the perception of professionalism. In addition, the findings point to a low perception among the participating nurses regarding their professionalism. A number of factors might explain the low level of perception of professionalism. These relate to the workplace itself, as well as to the personal background of the nurses, which includes the personal interest in the nursing profession, as well as the family's, society's and the consumers' views of the profession. Given the findings of this study, nurse managers are encouraged to create a work environment that supports professionalism and minimizes conflict.

모자제품의 레이블과 소비자 관리행동

This study set out to identify the problems with hat labels and to search for improvement measures by examining and analyzing consumers` practice of managing their hats. It also intended to provide accurate and enough information about how to keep and wash hats and thus help consumers use their hats for a long period. In an attempt to investigate how consumers wash and manage their hats, a survey was carried out to 395 individuals in their twenties and over who owned hats living in urban areas including Seoul, and were quota sampled according to age and gender. The survey period is March to April 2007. The collected data were statistically treated with the SPSS 12.0 program in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard error, cross tabulation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The findings were as followed. First, the respondents were in the average level of perceiving and practicing the washing methods of their hats. The female respondents who had more experiences with laundering than the males knew and practiced the washing methods for hats better than males. Second, compared to other clothing items, hat wearers were more likely to pay careful attention to their hats by putting their hats in a laundry net and applying a laundry detergent for wool fabrics when using a washing machine or washing their hats with their own hands. And third, most of the hat wearers were aware of the importance of hat labels and showed a lower level of trust in them than other clothing items. The suppliers need to offer accurate and practical labels in order to regain the consumers` trust. Many consumers had some difficulties figuring out the size system of hats. In particular, the male consumers had a low level of perception of labels, which implies that there should be specific efforts to educate them about general labels.

Farmers' Perception Of Integrated Soil Fertility And Nutrient Management For Sustainable Crop Production: A Study Of Rural Areas In Bangladesh

This study aimed to determine farmers' perception of integrated soil fertility and nutrient management for sustainable crop production. Integrated soil fertility (ISF) and nutrient management (NM) is an advanced approach to maintain soil fertility and to enhance crop productivity. A total number of 120 farmers from eight villages in four districts ofBangladesh were selected using a stratified random sampling method and data were collected from each farmer through personal interviews. Five point, Likert-type response scales were used to measure farmers' perception of the issues. The findings of different categories of farmers indicated that landless, marginal and small farmers had a low level of awareness when compared with medium and large farm holders. The overall perception of farmers in the study areas revealed that a significant proportion (78%) had either a low or a very low level of perception while 22% had a medium to high level of perception. Findings from individual interviews with farmers indicated that they perceived themselves as having a low perception of preparation of farm yard manure and the role of organic matter as well as the beneficial aspect of ISF and NM for sustainable crop production. Among the nine characteristics of farmers, four characteristics- education level, farming experience, farm size and communication exposure influenced farmers positively. However, two characteristics- family size and fertilizer use negatively influenced farmers' perception of ISF and NM for sustainable crop production.

Parturiente e equipe obstétrica: a difícil arte da comunicação

O estudo teve como objetivo descrever como ocorre a comunicação entre os profissionais que assistem o parto de baixo risco e a mulher que vivencia o processo de parturição. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da observação participante das situações ocorridas no centro obstétrico de duas instituições e de entrevistas com puérperas. Constatou-se que, entre profissionais e parturientes, prevalece a comunicação não terapêutica, imprimindo à assistência obstétrica um perfil de impessoalidade e exercício de poder do profissional sobre a mulher.

Comparison of plant and fungal gravitropic responses using imitational modelling

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms of gravity perception are still hypothetical, but there are sufficient data from experiments with plants to enable mathematical modelling to imitate the behaviour of gravitropic response systems. We have a much less complete picture of gravitropic kinetics in agaric mushrooms. However, some existing mathematical models which imitate plant responses are in principle universal because their conceptual components are not limited to any specific cellular entities. In this work we have used such models to compare plant and fungal gravitropism, using recently acquired kinetic data from the agarics Coprinus cinereius and Flammulina velutipes. The results show striking similarities between plants and fungi. First, it is evident that the basic assumptions of the plant models are logically applicable to fungi. Secondly, the mechanism of bending is the same (differential growth of opposite flanks of the growing organ). Thirdly, the distribution of growth seems very similar: in both plants and fungi growth of the organ is most intensive just behind the apex and is almost absent at the apex and at the base. Fourthly, in both fungi and plants the gravitropic response exhibits a substantial time delay suggesting that many time‐consuming processes are involved in reception, transduction and realization of gravitropic stimuli. Important differences in plant and fungal gravitropism kinetics were: (i) the agaric stem apex always returned to the vertical, whereas some plant organs show stable plagiogravitropic growth; (ii) inflections were usually seen in C. cinereus stem gravitropism time courses suggesting that a curvature compensation process delayed bending for a time; (iii) C. cinercus stems very rarely overshot or oscillated around the vertical although many plant subjects oscillate and the (limited) data for F. velutipes showed a single, exaggerated overshoot and oscillation. In this latter case, experimental modelling with parameters characteristic of a low level of perception improved the fit to the F. velutipes data, indicating that the two fungi may differ in this factor. Application of the plant models focused future research attention on the urgent need for data bearing on angle‐response and acceleration–response relationships in fungi, and their detection–level thresholds for gravitational acceleration. Since the modelling also highlighted some fundamental kinetic differences between the only two fungi for which sufficient data are available at the moment, it is also clear that detailed observations need to be made of gravitropism kinetics in a larger number and wider range of fungi.

Perceived effect on shortness of breath of an acute inhalation of saline or terbutaline: variability and sensitivity of a visual analogue scale in patients with asthma or COPD

The purpose of the study was to validate a bipolar visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess the perceived effect on shortness of breath of an acute inhalation and to search for differences in perception between asthmatics and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thirty two subjects with airway obstruction and a diagnosis of either asthma (n = 16) or COPD (n = 16) received three consecutive inhalations of isotonic saline, followed by two inhalations of 400 micrograms terbutaline. Saline was perceived by asthmatics as a slight improvement: VAS (median, 95% confidence interval) 9%, 0-18% of line length. COPD subjects could be separated into two subgroups: "high perceivers" (n = 8, VAS 43%, 33-53%) and "low perceivers" (n = 8, VAS 5%, 3-7%). The median intrasubject coefficient of variation of the three post-saline VAS ratings was 19.4% (asthma), 12.5% (COPD high perceivers), and 14.5% (COPD low perceivers). After terbutaline, asthmatics had, by selection, a larger increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) than COPD subjects. However, for other indices (expiratory specific resistance, inspiratory vital capacity and maximal inspiratory flow at 50% forced vital capacity) the changes were smaller in COPD low perceivers than in both asthmatics and COPD high perceivers. The parallel improvement in VAS was 24%, 20-39% (asthma), 15%, 6-25% (COPD high perceivers) and 1%, -1-8% (COPD low perceivers). The most sensitive index was FEV1 in asthmatics, vital capacity in COPD subjects, VAS being among the most sensitive indices in the former, but among the least sensitive in the latter. We conclude that the sensitivity of this VAS to bronchodilation is better in asthmatics than in COPD subjects. The latter can however be separated into subgroups with high and low level of perception.