Low Levels Of Commitment Research Articles

Triple Bottom Line Reporting in Cambodia

ABSTRACT The primary aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of Cambodian public interest enterprises’ awareness of and commitment to triple bottom line (TBL) reporting. Public interest enterprises (PIEs) in Cambodia include publicly listed companies, banks, microfinance institutions, and insurance companies. Numerous managers of Cambodian PIEs believe that balancing profit, planet, and people is crucial to the organization’s success now and in the future. While they may be unfamiliar with the specific TBL name, they understand the concept of sustainability in general. Furthermore, the research reveals that Cambodian PIEs are not particularly committed to TBL reporting. While many PIE managers in Cambodia are aware of the numerous benefits of TBL implementation, they lack the commitment necessary to develop a TBL strategy and track their TBL efforts. This low level of commitment to TBL reporting demonstrates the critical need for further education and awareness of the TBL concept. Finally, education is necessary to establish a link between financial performance and sustainability. Keywords: Sustainability, triple bottom line

Analysis of issues related to organizational commitment of extension personnel of Oyo and Ogun States agricultural development programs

Organizational commitment of extension personnel in Oyo and Ogun States Agricultural Development Programmes was studied Organizational commitment is the degree to which the organization members identify with the values and goals of their organization. A census of the ertension personnel in both OYSADEP (312) and OGADEP (136) was performed Usable questionnaires analyzed were 47% for OYSADEP and OGADEP 62.5%. Ninety-five percent of the respondents exhibited low levels of commitment. Identified factors influencing commitment among the ertension personnel include technical subject matter (B=0.179; P<0.001), job involvement (B=0.509; P<0.001), educational qualification (B=0.156; P<0.001) and realization of expectations (B=0.140; p<0.019). For the studied ADPs to motivate their extension workers so as to exhibit committed behaviours, the sustainability of the ADP's need be addressed.

Consumer Factors Buying Organic Products in North Sumatera

The market condition for organic products in Sumatera Utara is still very small. This can be seen from the very few companies engaged in organic products. The market is very small due to low consumer awareness and consumer knowledge of organic products. This research was conducted to analyze the characteristics and behavior of consumers about organic products in Sumatera utara. The locations of research activities are Medan, Binjai, Deli Serdang, Serdang Bedagei and Langkat. In addition, the lack of involvement of local governments and related institutions in encouraging the development of organic products is indicated by the low level of commitment in developing organic products in Sumatera utara. The results of this study indicate that organic knowledge, environmental science, health science, pricing and subjective norms are the factors that determine whether consumers buy organic products

Motive-Driven Interpersonal Identity Development: Moderating Effects of Perceived Parenting Quality and Sense of Self-Determination

Living and acting in line with one's implicit motives fosters peoples’ well-being across a wide array of cultural contexts. Yet, not all individuals commit to goals that reflect their implicit motives. Research points to resources that relate to congruence of implicit and explicit motives. We hypothesized that such resources also relate to motive-congruent identity development. In detail, we assumed that perceived parenting quality (Study 1) and sense of self-determination (Study 2) moderate the relationship between the implicit need for affiliation and dimensions of identity development in the interpersonal domain of friendship. Evidence supporting our assumptions was found in both studies: Among adolescents who reported low levels of parenting quality higher levels of the implicit affiliation motive were associated with lower levels of commitment and higher levels of reconsideration of commitment (Study 1). Moreover, a positive association between the implicit affiliation motive and commitment was verified for adolescents who were high in self-determination (Study 2). Less straightforward findings on in-depth exploration point to the Janus-faced nature of exploration processes. To conclude, the implicit need for affiliation seems to play a crucial role in interpersonal identity development if particular social and personal resources are available. Implications for future research are discussed.

Exploring Coteaching as a Trend in Higher Education

This qualitative inquiry used the multiple case study and phenomenological designs to explore coteaching experiences of teachers in higher educational institutions. The research utilized the modal purposive and accidental sampling techniques to select five groups of coteachers from five Ghanaian universities. Data obtained via in-depth group interviews and classroom observations were analyzed using content and thematic approaches. The research revealed that the teachers were motivated to accept coteaching responsibility because of the belief that it was an effective practice that met students’ academic needs, and this notion influenced their engagement in coteaching practices described as team teaching and parallel teaching. A low level of commitment was, however, the main challenge confronting the coteachers. The research mainly recommended the use of the two coteaching models for global higher education but suggested that coteachers should have compatible teaching philosophies to perhaps make them more committed to working with one another.

Procesos de interacción en Instagramers latinoamericanas. El caso de Perú y Colombia durante el 2019

Con el objetivo de evaluar las formas de interacción en las principales Instagramers de Perú y Colombia, se efectuó un análisis exploratorio de sus perfiles en la plataforma audiovisual Instagram durante el año 2019. Por esta razón, primeramente, se recurre a la herramienta Heepsy para establecer las influenciadoras con mayor injerencia dentro de la plataforma en ambos países y posteriormente, a través de las herramientas de monitoreo Fan Page Karma y Social Blade, determinar un conjunto de variables y parámetros respecto a su interacción. Los resultados visibilizan que el índice de audiencia es mayor para las Instagramers de Colombia que para Perú. Además, se observa una clara tendencia por parte de los públicos digitales en valorar el contenido a través de “me gusta” como muestra de una interacción con él, pero en contraparte, se demuestra una disminución representativa en expresar con palabras y en comentarios sus impresiones respecto a lo que observan; esto queda establecido también en los bajos niveles de compromiso que registran la mayoría de Instagramers.

Perceived leadership integrity and organisational commitment

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which perceived leadership integrity influences changes in organisational commitment. The premise of the study is the argument that non-financial rewards alleviate the challenges associated with low levels of commitment in economies that are riddled with incessant situations of economic scarcity.Design/methodology/approachAn explanatory study approach was adopted to investigate the envisaged linkage between the study variables from a socio-psychological perspective.FindingsThe results of the study establish that perceived leadership integrity significantly influences variations in commitment among organisational employees.Research limitations/implicationsThe study results provide a reason for firms to invest more resources towards promoting honesty among organisational leaders. The findings of the study support the idea that perceived integrity of an organisation's leadership generates a sustainable win–win position not only between the organisation and employees, but also among the leaders and subordinates.Practical implicationsOrganisations must regularly consider the drivers of organisational commitment and pay sufficient attention to non-financial drivers. As advanced by this study, a very important yet economical way of effecting such a strategy is through instituting measures that sustainably create a perception among employees that organisational leaders execute their duties with the utmost integrity.Originality/valueThis article has both empirical and theoretical value. Empirically, this work is the first of its kind aimed at investigating the effect of perceived leadership integrity on organisational commitment within Uganda's hospitality setting. Theoretically, the study extends the versatility of the hierarchy of needs theory by clarifying that higher-level needs offer a basis for explaining the effect of psychological processes (in this case, perceived leadership integrity) on behavioural changes (in this case, organisational commitment).

A Climate Club as a complementary design to the UN Paris agreement

The global coverage and the need for consensus explain why the UN Paris agreement, in several critical dimensions, is characterized by low levels of commitment and reciprocity. Hence, complementary designs are needed. This paper analyzes the parameters of such designs. New agreements should cover only nations that are willing to high levels of commitments and reciprocity. They should use measures that governments can control and be made accountable for. Commitments should be short-term and few-dimensional and they should incentivize efficient reductions, prevent leakages to outside nations and provide sanctions for noncompliance. Further, they should provide incentives to outsiders to reduce emissions and encourage them to join the agreement. A Climate Club that harmonizes minimum national carbon prices (i.e. carbon taxes), introduces a common carbon tariff, and welcomes new members to meet these criteria. Such a complementary design also has the potential to expand and, with time, provide a global price on carbon.Policy relevanceThe paper demonstrates the need to develop complementary international climate policies to the Paris agreement. It analyzes design flaws of the UN agreements and, as a complement, proposes a Climate Club among nations that are willing to introduce a price on carbon. By agreeing on a carbon tax and a carbon tariff, the club creates mechanisms that reduce emissions and enlarge the club, with the potential to provide a global price on carbon.Policy insightThe Paris design includes all nations. Such a design will be insufficient. Nations with low ambitions are provided with a veto-right, which explains the flaws of the Paris agreements.A complementary design among nations with high ambitions is needed to compensate for the flaws of the Paris agreement.By agreeing to an internal minimum carbon price and an external carbon tariff, a Climate Club can create such a design.

Commitment as a buyer-supplier antecedent for supply chain sustainability

The South African automotive industry is an important sector that contributes substantially to the country's economy. The sustainability of local suppliers within South African automotive supply chains is under threat because of global pressures, especially competition from low-cost countries. Increased pressure leads to conflict between international buyers and local suppliers. The result is strained relationships, causing lower levels of commitment, often increasing risk and threatening the sustainability of local suppliers. The aim of this study was to determine whether commitment as an antecedent within supply chains exists and whether such a precursor has an effect on sustainability within South African automotive supply chains. The study found, through the application of a linear regression model, that commitment could potentially contribute to vital supply chain sustainability in South Africa. The results point automotive component suppliers towards investing in a relational governance strategy to enhance buyer commitment and thus contribute to business sustainability.

PATIENT COMPLIANCE AND MOTIVATION FOR THE REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SEREBROVASCULAR EVENT

The aim of research was to study adherence to treatment and motivation for recovery in patients with stroke. It was revealed that with a low level of commitment, there is a strategy to avoid failures, low rates of social support and levels of achievement; a high level of adherence to treatment is shaped by the motivation to success, general internality, internality in the field of achievements. An important component in the success of the patient’s adherence to therapeutic recommendations is the human micro-social environment - family, friends, work colleagues, roommates, and others.

Why do logging companies adopt or reject forest certification in the Congo basin? Insights from Cameroon

This study aims to understand, through the example of Cameroon, why industrial logging companies adopt or avoid sustainable certification or labelling systems of their forest operations in the Congo Basin region. From a methodological standpoint, the research is based on a sample of three empirical case studies of logging companies operating in Cameroon: an 'anti-certification' company (the model, due to the majority trend of non-certified logging companies in this region), a company in the process of certification (the intermediate case), and a certified company (the marginal case, due to the scarcity of certified companies in the study area). While focusing on these three cases, we chose to avoid reifying the dominant case of anti-certification companies. Hence the choice of highlighting this majority trend by carrying out a comparative study with an intermediate and a marginal case. The analysis of these three case studies reveals that the high cost of long term certification, the risks of patronage and cronyism in Patron-Client (customer-provider/boss) relationships that feature sustainable labelling processes are the main reasons for the low level of commitment of logging companies to forest certification in Cameroon. At the end of the research, we recommend that other complementary and more specific research should focus on the flaws in patron-client relationships that characterize forest certification processes on the one hand, and on the necessary conditions to avoid patronage and cronyisms risks or excesses in these relations on the other hand, especially in a poor governance context like Cameroon. Similarly, we encourage that new research be carried out to better understand whether and how transaction and opportunity costs influence the decisions of industrial logging companies in favour of or against forest certification.

Narcissism and romantic commitment: The role of attitudes toward alternative romantic partners

ABSTRACT The present research examined the connections that narcissism had with attitudes toward alternative romantic partners and romantic commitment. Across four studies, we examined whether narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry had indirect associations with commitment through attitudes toward alternative romantic partners. Results revealed that narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry differed in their associations with romantic commitment but had similar associations with the willingness to consider alternative romantic partners and these attitudes toward alternative partners provided at least a partial explanation for the low levels of commitment that often characterize narcissistic individuals. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for understanding the role that attitudes toward alternative partners play in the connections that narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry have with romantic commitment.

The Level of Remuneration and Turnover Intention of Public Secondary School Teachers in Meru County: A Mixed Method Study

This paper focuses on establishing the relationship between the level of remuneration and turnover intentions of public secondary school teachers in Meru County. The study used a descriptive survey design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches in data collection and analysis. A total of 518 respondents were involved in the study which included secondary school teachers (503) and principals (15). The level of remuneration was examined to determine their relationships with the dependent variable, turnover intentions. Data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS version 21. Hypothesis was tested using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and Chi-square goodness of fit at 95%, p<0.05. The result from product-moment correlation indicated that the independent variable, level of remuneration (r=-387, p<0.001), has a negative and an inverse relationship with the dependent variable, turnover intention. Chi-square analysis corroborated the results of Pearson correlation by showing a significant relationship between the level of remuneration and turnover intentions of secondary school teachers in Meru County. The results conclude that teachers’ motivation in secondary schools in Meru County is low. Schools are also staffed with teachers with poor morale and low levels of commitment to their jobs due to inadequate and low remuneration. This has led to high turnover intentions. The study recommends that the Teachers Service Commission should consider issues of remuneration especially enhancing the current allowances and introducing new ones in motivating and reducing turnover intentions. Hence, this will lead to increased retention in teaching service.

The Struggle to Find Meaning: A Mixed Methodology Study on Meaning-Making and Identity

Recent reviews underscored the need for a better link between different identity models in order to enhance our knowledge of identity development. In the present study, we used a mixed methodology design to investigate how the integration of process-oriented and narrative life-story approaches can be used to better understand the complexity of identity pursuits. Participants were 84 Romanian emerging adults ( M age = 23.24 years; SD age = 2.11 years, 72.6% female, 71.4% university students). Results showed significant differences in identity processes among emerging adults based on their levels of meaning-making. More specifically, in a stressful situation of disengaging from a personal important goal, emerging adults who derived more complex forms of meaning-making reported higher levels of ruminative exploration and lower levels of commitment making. By integrating these approaches of identity, the study nuances how meaning-making might be related to identity processes.

Search efficiency, wage dynamics and welfare

Advances in information technology have improved the job-search process in the labor market. We analyze the effects of this improvement by constructing a search-and-matching model with two sectors: a risky sector with firm-specific productivity shocks and a risk-free sector. The risky sector is characterized by a low level of commitment between employers and workers – either party can end the employment relationship. We show that a better job-search process generates more job matches in the risky sector, and this benefits workers by improving their outside options. The effect on employers is subtle: while it is easier to fill vacancies, workers become more expensive. At the same time, the ease of finding new workers makes it harder for employers to keep their wage promises to workers and increases wage volatility. Our paper contributes to the literature by offering a novel explanation for the observed rise in wage volatility.

Board Attributes and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: A Meta-Analysis

Many studies have examined the relationships between board attributes (board independence, CEO duality, board size, and women on boards) and corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) as a means to improve a firm’s reputation. This research was performed in various international settings and uneven outcomes were obtained. We therefore meta-analyzed 88 studies to summarize scattered evidence and found that CEO duality had a significantly negative relationship with CSRD, while board independence, board size and women representation had a significantly positive relationship with CSRD. These relationships were more significant in countries with low levels of commitment to sustainable goals. Thus, our study revealed differences in the relationship between board attributes and CSRD, and that these differences were conditioned by the institutional contexts in which firms operate. Our research has practical implications for practitioners and policy makers alike as we offer guidelines on the most suitable corporate governance mechanisms to achieve lower capital costs and better access to finance.

Influence of Working Conditions on Turnover Intentions of Secondary School Teachers in Meru County

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between working conditions and teacher turnover intentions in public secondary schools in Meru County, Kenya. The study used a descriptive survey design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches in data collection and analysis. A total of 520 respondents were involved in the study that included 503 secondary school teachers, 15 principals and 2 staffing officers. Teachers working conditions were examined to determine their relationship with turnover intentions. Data obtained from teachers’ questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS version 21.Hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and chi-square goodness of fit at 95%, p&lt;0.05. The result of product moment correlation analysis indicated that the independent variable, working conditions (r= -0.488, p&lt;0.001) have a negative and an inverse relationship with the independent variable, turnover intention. These results were agreed with the results of Chi-square analysis for both the independent variable which showed a significant relationship between working conditions and turnover intentions of secondary school teachers in Meru County. The results therefore established that teachers’ motivation in secondary schools in Meru County is low due to poor working conditions and the education system appears to be staffed with teachers with poor morale and low levels of commitment to their jobs leading to high turnover intentions. The study recommends the various Boards of Management and other education stakeholders at the national and county government levels consider issues of teachers working conditions as an essential element in the motivating and reducing turnover intentions hence retention in teaching service.

Influence of Promotional Prospects on Turnover Intentions of Public Secondary School Teachers in Meru County

The importance of motivation in retaining core employees and reducing turnover intention in any organization cannot be underestimated. Therefore, retaining the best teachers in secondary schools continue to be a major challenge for educational managers in Kenya as teachers keep changing careers or are not fully committed to their duties because psychologically majority have their hearts elsewhere. This study aimed at examining the influence of promotional prospects on turnover intentions of public secondary school teachers in Meru County. The study used a descriptive survey design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches in data collection and analysis. A total of 520 respondents were involved in the study. Teacher promotional prospects, was examined to determine its relationship with the dependent variable, turnover intentions. Data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS version 21. Hypothesis was tested using Pearson product moment correction coefficient and chi-square goodness of fit at 95%, p&lt;0.05. The results from product moment correction showed that the independent variable; promotional prospects (r=-0.524, p&lt;0.001), has a negative and an inverse relationship with the dependent variable, turnover intention. The Chisquare analysis corroborated the Pearson correlation results by showing a significant relationship between promotion prospects and turnover intentions of secondary school teachers in Meru County. The results concluded that teachers’ motivation in secondary schools in Meru County is low with teachers having poor morale and low levels of commitment to their job due to lack of promotion and stagnation in one grade hence high turnover intentions set in. The study recommends that the Teachers Service Commission of Kenya, consider issues of promotion of teachers in motivating and reducing turnover intentions hence retention in teaching service.

Niepotrzebna formalność czy brak zaangażowania – jak postrzegane są motywy par, które nie decydują się na związek małżeński?

Although cohabitation is increasingly common in Poland, it is usually considered a transitional, testing stage that leads to marriage, which constitutes the preferred form of family life in the country. Does it mean that couples who do not choose to marry are perceived as somewhat “worse” than those tying the knot? Using qualitative data from focus group interviews with 69 men and women aged 25–40, I aimed to answer the following questions: What are social perceptions of couples who have already “tested” their relationship, but still live together and refrain from marriage? In particular, what are the motives attributed to such couples and how – if at all – these motives are linked to the quality of the relationships?&#x0D; There were four themes related to such motives identified in the analysed material: (1) the perception of marriage as an unnecessary expense that does not change anything in a relationship, or even makes things worse; (2) fear of an ultimate commitment; (3) uncertainty whether this is the right partner and the resulting low level of commitment in the relationship; (4) rejection of traditional gender roles. Commitment appears central in the analysed discussions suggesting that this concept should constitute an important topic in future studies on unions in Poland.

The Rise and Fall of the English Defence League: Self-Governance, Marginal Members and the Far Right

What determines the success or failure of far-right organisations? This article uses new qualitative data to explain the sudden rise and subsequent decline of the English Defence League, an anti-Islamic, street protest organisation established in the UK in 2009. We explain the rise and fall of the English Defence League through the lens of the theory of collective action to show that the English Defence League initially motivated activism by supplying selective incentives that were enhanced by the participation of others. The pursuit of ‘participatory crowding’ led to indiscriminate recruitment into the organisation that enabled numbers to expand into the thousands, but ultimately caused the English Defence League’s downfall because it resulted in the presence of large numbers of ‘marginal members’ with low levels of commitment whose subsequent exit was decisively destructive. Self-governance mechanisms to ensure greater loyalty from members could have prevented the English Defence League’s decline but would also have limited its initial success.