Low Achievement Levels Research Articles

Eliminating global learning poverty: The importance of equalities and equity

This paper explores the quantitative relationships between average levels of learning achievement across countries, changes in average levels of learning achievement, the inequality of distribution of achievement (akin to income or wealth inequality in general development analysis), and the proportion of students learning at or below an absolute minimum (akin to poverty in general development analysis). The paper uses a variety of data from cross-national and national assessments: aggregate data, micro (student-level) data, school-level data, and time-series data. The paper shows how various factors such as gender or wealth impact learning levels, but also shows that ‘systems-related’ inequality, not directly related to such factors, is typically much larger than inequality associated with any of those factors. The paper shows that countries progress from very low average levels of achievement to middle levels more by reducing the percentage of students with very low scores (that is, by paying attention to the ‘bulging’ left-hand tail of the distribution) than by increasing the percentage of high performing students. The availability of micro data from a particular case allows exploration of the relationship between inequality measures and measures of the percentage of students below a low level of achievement and shows that, at least in that case, the reduction in inequality that accompanies improvements in the average levels takes place mostly through a reduction in the percentage below a low level. Unlike in the case of income, where vast reductions in income poverty seem possible without reducing income inequality, the evidence presented here suggests that this typically does not happen with learning levels: inequality reduction, reductions in percentages below a low level, and improvements in the averages are all empirically connected. More work is needed to show whether that connection is also causal.

تقييم مدى استخدام التقنيات والبرمجيات الحديثة فى تدريس الرياضيات بالمدارس الثانوية

الفكرة جاءت من تدني تحصيل الطالبات الواضح في مادة الرياضيات ، فتم تقرير عمل بحث إجرائي لمعرفة اسباب تدني التحصيل الدراسي للمستوى الثاني للطالبات في مادة الرياضات بمدرسة 37 الثانوية للبنات و وضع حلول مقترحة وإجراءات ممكن تنفيذها . حيث هدفت الدراسة في الكشف عن أثر استخدام البرامج الرياضية الحديثة على التحصيل الدراسي في مادة الرياضيات علي طالبات الفرقة الثانية بثانوية 37 للبنات. كما توصلت الدراسة الحالية إلى العديد من النتائج ومنها : عدم استخدام وسائل تعليمية متنوعة ومتطورة وعدم استخدام المعلمات لإستراتيجيات حديثة ومتنوعة في التدريس كما ساعدت البرامج الحديثة الطالبات على فهم المادة والتفوق فيها. و اوصت الباحثة باستخدام المعلمات وسائل تعليمية متنوعة ومتطورة . إعطاء المعلمات دورات خصوصاً مع المناهج المطورة ( الحديثة ) و تكون تطبيقية وليست كالدورات الحالية التي تم إعطائها لبعض المعلمات و لم يستفدن منها . تجهيز المعامل والفصول الدراسية بجميع متطلبات استخدام التعليم المحوسب، وذلك من أجل تسهيل استخدام الطلبة للحاسوب والبرمجيات الحاسوبية في دراسة الرياضيات وما تتطلبه هذه البرمجيات من لغات مثل لغة Java وغيرها من اللغات البرمجية.

Strengthening early literacy skills through social promotion policies? Intended and unintended consequences in Costa Rica

Social promotion policies (SPP) are often justified as allowing students to learn at their own pace while avoiding the consequences of grade repetition, particularly in settings where grade repetition is a pervasive feature of the educational system. The 2014 passing of a SPP for first graders in Costa Rica was designed to give students more time in a low-stakes environment to develop the basic literacy skills required for subsequent grades. Using a difference-in-differences approach and the universe of schools in Costa Rica from 2010 to 2017, I explore the downstream effects of the SPP on enrollment and grade repetition outcomes in later grades. I find that while the policy unsurprisingly lowered grade repetition for first graders, it also increased grade repetition rates for second and third graders by 77 % and 24 % respectively, likely due to the presence of students who did not reach the basic literacy standards, and yet passed as a result of the new policy. These negative, unintended consequences were mostly borne by school communities of low socioeconomic status. The paper calls for caution and coherence across grades in the design of SPP, along with better tailored policies for students at risk of repeating grades due to low achievement levels.

The learner's self-regulation and academic success

This study was motivated by the low levels of academic achievement obtained by the University students, the objective was to explain the difference between those who are successful and those who are not. The theory of self- regulation of learning was used, so to identify them, a descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out, with a convenience sample. The data were obtained through a survey, which reflects self-regulated learning, applied to 268 students, and was analyzed using the SPSS 18 statistic. The result was that, of the two roles of self-regulated learning, the one that has a greater relationship with outstanding academic performance was that of learning strategies in the components: metacognitive self-regulation and regulation of effort. Regarding the role of motivation, only the anxiety component was related to this performance, in the opposite direction: the higher the anxiety, the lower the academic performance. It is recommended to implement an institutional program to reinforce learning strategies, with special emphasis on metacognitive self-regulation and effort regulation. In the case of anxiety, it is recommended to deepen the study of the causes that originate it, to reduce its incidence.

The Effects of a Vocabulary Intervention on Teaching Multiple-Meaning Words to Students Who Are d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing

Building vocabulary knowledge, especially breadth and depth of word meanings, is a crucial step in assisting students to read and comprehend print independently. A large body of research has documented the low reading achievement levels of a number of Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students. The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of a vocabulary intervention to teach 24 multiple-meaning words to fourth-grade DHH students in Saudi Arabia by utilizing a single-case experimental design (multiple probe design across participants). A total of 5 students with a profound hearing loss participated in the study. About 3 of 5 received the intervention, whereas two other students served as an additional control component and were administered the pretest and posttest only. The data showed that there was a significant improvement in the recognition and comprehension scores of students who received the intervention. In contrast, students who did not receive the intervention showed no significant improvement on the posttest.

Difference between the Types of Visual Materials Preferred by Students and Those Presented in the Science Textbooks

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the visual materials presented in the science textbooks coincide with those visual materials that are preferred the most by students. After analyzing the visual materials presented in the unit “Molecular Motion and Change of State” of science textbooks for the first grade of middle school, questionnaires by teaching-learning process are made. Thereafter, students are requested to select those types of visual materials that were preferred by them by process and describe their reasons for the selection. According to the results of the survey of students’ perception, students at the high science achievement level prefer those visual materials that were presented conceptually and implicatively, while students at the low science achievement level prefer concrete and detailed visual materials. Except for the learning motivation process, the proportion of non-preferred visual materials is higher in the remaining processes and those visual materials that were presented in the science textbooks are much different from those visual materials that were preferred by students.

Tribal Children in Odisha and their right to Education in the Home Language

Focused on the socio-economic background of tribal students in the 142 ashram schools of Koraput district in Odisha, this article explores the educational environment and quality of education for tribal children in India. As their educational performance is largely unsatisfactory, the primary causes behind low educational achievements are explored. It is found that the educational processes largely disregard the socio-cultural characteristics and linguistic skills that tribal students bring to the classroom. Specifically, tribal children experience serious language difficulties during the initial years of schooling. The practice of using the dominant state language, Odia, as the sole/dominant medium of instruction in all ashram schools, rather than the children’s mother tongue, appears to leave young learners illiterate in their mother tongue and also fosters low achievement levels in the dominant language.

Model of Utilizing Discovery Learning to Improve Mathematical Learning Achievements

The background of this classroom action research was to find out the low level of learning achievement of fourth grade students of SDN 2 Suban on Mathematics. This is because the learning model used is less attractive to students. The researcher conducted this study with the aim of analyzing the design of learning, the process of learning activities, learning models, and learning achievement of fourth grade students on Thematic subjects. Based on the fact that the student's learning outcomes are low, the writer conducts classroom action research with the intention of improving student learning outcomes. Collaborating with fellow writers trying to use the Discovery Learning model in learning carried out in the first cycle and second cycle, to improve the learning achievement of fourth grade students of SDN 2 Suban. The plan for improving learning through this research turns out that using the Discovery Learning model can improve student learning achievement. From the evaluation results, it can be seen that the percentage of learning outcomes of students who can achieve KKM with the acquisition of the percentage of pre-cycle 30%, cycle I 65%, cycle II 91%. Thus the author feels the need to master and use various learning models in each learning activity in the School.
 Keywords: Discovery Learning, Mathematics and Learning Achievement

Happiness and its relationship to the psychological immunity of a sample of orphan students in the upper basic stage in Jerash: المناعة النفسية وعلاقتها بالسعادة لدى عينة من الطلاب الأيتام بالمرحلة الأساسية العليا في محافظة جرش

The present study aimed at identifying the level of happiness and its relationship with the psychological immunity of a sample of orphan students in the upper basic stage in Jerash governorate, and to achieve the objectives of the study were selected sample of students in the upper basic stage (grades eighth, ninth and tenth) reached (131) orphan students, The development of two measures, one for happiness and the other for psychological immunity, and the psychometric characteristics of them were verified. The results of the study found that the level of happiness and psychological immunity was average among orphan students, and there was a statistically significant correlation between most dimensions of happiness and psychological, as the results found that orphans students with a medium and high achievement level better in happiness than students with low achievement level, and based on the results of the study were some recommendations, including the need for attention by the counsellor some positive psychological variables among orphan students and work on programs counselling to them.

Burnout and Coping Methods among Emergency Medical Services Professionals.

PurposeTo determine levels of burnout among emergency medical services (EMS) professionals and the coping strategies they use to alleviate burnout and measure the association between burnout vs sociodemographic and work-related characteristics and coping strategies of EMS professionals.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey study conducted among 270 active-duty EMS professionals. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) — Health Services Survey was used to assess burnout. There are three scales of burnout: depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal achievement. Coping Methods Checklist (CMC) was used to assess coping strategies. Univariate descriptive statistics were used to explore sociodemographic characteristics of participants, level of burnout, and coping strategies. Primary bivariate analyses were used to determine variables significantly correlated with each of the three MBI scores. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore correlation between variables measured in the survey with each of the three MBI scales (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment).ResultsEMS professionals perceived high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low levels of personal achievement. The most frequently used coping strategies were talking with colleagues (87.4%), looking forward to being off duty (82.6%), and thinking about the positive benefits of work (81.1%). CMC7 (thinking about the positive benefits of work) contributed most to variations in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. Saudis had lower emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.ConclusionThis study might provide evidence to formulate comprehensive training on how EMS workers can cope with burnout.

An Analysis on The Students’ Language Learning Strategies in Learning English

<p align="center">Abstract</p><p>This study revealed the students’ language learning strategies in learning English. This study conducted on descriptive design which used quantitative approach to analyze the data. Therefore, the data is collected through Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) Questionnaire. The populations in this research were 116 students, while 90 of them were used as sample. The researcher uses purposive sampling as the technique sampling to select the sample.</p><p>The findings of the language learning strategies used by the students with high level of achievement and the students with low level of achievement are the students with high level of achievement is better than students with low level of achievement in the use of language learning strategies because they have higher average score in the use of six strategies, namely memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, affective and social strategies. The finding of the use of language learning strategies by female and male students are female students is better in the use of language learning strategies because they get higher average score.</p><p>The teachers should be equipped with a lot of strategies that they will be able to propose to students so that they can deal with difficult academic task. The teachers should design activities that the students use a variety of strategies and after the completion of the task they should held a discussion session with students about the strategies that they use, whether these strategies proved to be useful or not. In his way, the teachers have opportunity to see the success each students in the use of the strategies, the students will be able to see what their appropriate strategies use. Thus, they will be given the opportunity to make self evaluation, decide which is better for them or learn an alternative way of doing a particular task.</p><p>Keyword: Language, Second Language Acquisition, Language Learning Strategies.</p>

Student engagement as a mediator of the effects of socio‐economic status on academic performance among secondary school students in Australia

In this article, we contribute to understanding of the mechanisms through which students’ socio‐economic family background can translate into academic performance by focusing on the concept of student engagement. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from disciplines across the social sciences, and a major nationally representative dataset from Australia, which links survey responses with administrative records on school performance, we conduct a series of multiple regression models to investigate the mediating role of student engagement on the relationship between students’ socio‐economic status (SES) and academic achievement. We find that, first, low‐SES students show lower levels of engagement than other students, particularly in terms of behavioural and cognitive aspects; they also have lower achievement levels as measured by standardised test scores. We further find that lower engagement is associated with lower achievement levels, and that the effects of SES on achievement are partially mediated through student engagement. Although there are clearly other mechanisms in place that operate at the same time, it is important to focus on student engagement since it can be directly influenced by teachers and school leaders, as well as curriculum choices and school resources. This makes it a ripe target for government policies aimed at improving educational outcomes for students from low‐SES families, compared with approaches targeting the influences of family environment or peer groups.

العوامل المؤثرة على مستوى التحصیل الدراسی لطالبات مکتب تعلیم وسط الریاض من وجهة نظر المعلمات

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى التحصيل الدراسي لطالبات مکتب تعليم وسط الرياض من وجهة نظر المعلمات، کما هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أبرز العوامل المؤثرة على مستوى التحصيل لديهن، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على الاستبانة لجمع بيانات الدراسة، في حين استخدمت الدراسة حزمة التحليل الاحصائي للعوم الاجتماعية ((SPSSلتحليل بيانات الدراسة والتوصل إلى نتائجها، وقدأظهرت النتائج ان أبرز الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى تدني مستوى تحصيل الطالبات بشکل عام من وجهة نظر المعلمات أسباب تعود لإهمال الطالبات في المتابعة والتحضير والاستيعاب وغيرها من الأمورـ کما بينت النتائج ان العوامل المتعلقة بأولياء الأمور ومتابعتهم للطالبات من أهم العوامل التي تؤدي إلى تدني مستوى التحصيل لدى الطالبات، وقد أوصت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات أهمها ضرورة متابعة المدرسة وإدارتها للأدوات التي تحتاجها المعلمات داخل الغرفة الصفية والعمل على توفيرها لمساندة المعلمة في تحسين مستوى أداء العملية التعليمية، کما أوصت الدراسة المدرسة بالعمل بشکل مستمر على تطوير البنية التحتية من خلال التواصل الدائم والفعال مع وزارة التعليم ممثلة بمکاتب التعليم في کافة المناطق، بالإضافة إلى ضرورة العمل على الخطط العلاجية للطالبات لرفع مستوى التفکير لديهن وزيادة الأنشطة التفاعلية التي تساهم في رفع مستوى التحصيل لديهن. This study aimed to identify the level of student achievement from the teacher’s point of view. The study also aimed to identify the most important factors affecting the level of these achievements. The study was based on a questionnaire to collect research data, while used statistical package for social science (SPSS) in order to analysis the research data and come up with its results. The results showed that the level of student achievement in general is low level from teacher’s point of view. The results also showed that the main reasons for the low level of student achievement in general is the neglect of students in the follow-up, preparation, absorption and other matters. The results also showed that the factors related to parents and follow-up of students and bring them out of school hours to attend the reinforcement classes are among the most important factors that lead to low level of achievement among female students.The study recommended that the schools and schools manager should be available the helping tools that teacher need to achieve their goals.As well as, the researcher recommends that the school should be continuously work on the development of infrastructure through continuous and effective communication with the Ministry of Education.

What are the appropriate thresholds for High Quality Performance Indicators for breast surgery in Australia and New Zealand?

AimTo evaluate BreastSurgANZ members’ compliance at various threshold rates for 4 evaluable High-Quality Performance Indicators (HQPIs) introduced to improve patient care. To benchmark global best practice to assist in determining the eventual threshold standards. MethodBreastSurgANZ Quality Audit data 2012–2016 & 2018 was used to determine rates of attainment through a range of thresholds for 4 HQPI’s. Rates were assessed for different volume surgeons and comparison made to international standards. Results1.3761 patients needing mastectomy for in situ disease, if the threshold rate for immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) was ≥ 40% then 30% of all members and 78% of very high-volume surgeons achieved that rate, which is comparable to international recommendations.2.26,007 patients requiring mastectomy, if the threshold rate for IBR was ≥ 20% then 28% of all surgeons and 78% very high-volume surgeons met the standard. This is below most international recommendations.3. For 31,698 invasive tumours ≤ 2 cm, if the threshold rate for breast conservation was ≥ 70% then 64% of all surgeons met the standard; 70% is comparable internationally.4.1382 women =<50 years if the threshold rate for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was set at ≥ 15% then 36% of surgeons complied; 15% is below most international recommendations. ConclusionsEven at these modest thresholds there are low levels of achievement by BreastSurgANZ members with high volume surgeons more likely to comply. These thresholds are either comparable or lower than globally accepted standards. Members should strive to meet, even exceed these important goals as they are a metric of improved patient care.

Burnout syndrome in surgeons, surgery residents, and medical students: Prevalence and associated factors

The aim of the study was to determine the burnout syndrome’s prevalence in surgeons, surgery residents and medical students in a private institution using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and to analyze associated factors related to the presence of this syndrome. Materials and methods: Once approved by the Ethics and Research Committee from our Institution, the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to identify the presence of burnout syndrome in a sample of 72 physicians at the surgery service. The diagnosis of burnout syndrome was defined as the association of a high level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization with a low level of professional achievement. Its prevalence was determined and an analysis of demographic factors and bioethical training was performed. The relationship of these factors was examined concerning the syndrome’s presence or absence, using Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square, and Mann–Whitney U-test. Finally, a logistic univariate and multivariate regression analysis applied. Results: A 65% (Confidence interval 95% 54-76) burnout syndrome global prevalence was found. The prevalence found in medical students was 67%, in surgery residents 76%, and in surgeons 45.5%. Statistical significance was found between the absence of the syndrome and bioethics training (p = 0.000), presence of burnout syndrome, age (higher risk in young people, p = 0.020), and working hours per week (higher risk in subjects with higher workload p = 0.034). No statistical relationship was observed between the burnout syndrome and the gender or the medical position. Conclusions: High burnout syndrome prevalence was found in the medical population from the department of surgery at our institution. This study suggests that the proper knowledge of bioethical aspects in the practice of medicine is a cardinal element that protects against the development of burnout syndrome. The present study points toward an appropriate bioethics training as a preventive factor

Gender equality index for country regions

This study introduces a gender equality index for country regions (GEIR) that provides a comprehensive approach for quantitatively measuring the gender equality and social progress at a sub-national level, as well as the ability of subnational governments to translate the economic growth into social progress. The main contributions of this index are the distribution of resources between women and men and the inclusion of regional differences. The GEIR includes four pillars, twelve factors and a set of indicators. This GEIR was applied to 26 regions of Peru and the results show a low level of achievement in both the development of men and women and a significant gender gap.

The Effectiveness of Using Digital Game towards Students’ Academic Achievement in Small and Large Classes: A Comparative Research

The reduced engagement of students in large classes is one concern that may have an impact on the low level of students' academic achievement. The use of a digital game is one proven teaching media that increase students’ engagement in learning. This research seeks to compare the effectiveness of using digital games towards students' academic achievement in small and large classes. This quasi-experimental research uses a pretest-posttest nonequivalent multiple group design involving 58 pre-service physics teachers in two classes, namely small class and large class. Both classes use the same digital game application to study the nature of light. Data were collected through a paper and pencil test consisting of multiple-choice questions. The result showed that the use of a digital game could increase students' academic achievement. The students’ game score achievement and the increase in academic achievement were positively correlated. The use of a digital game in large classes can significantly increase students' academic achievement compared to small classes. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.12.12

Preparing the Child for Productive Life

The nature of children’s development is greatly influenced by the environmental conditions in which they are brought up. The amount of social stimulation which they receive is of particular importance, and even if physical conditions are adequate, an unstimulating environment which provides with little opportunity or need to experiment or solve problems will result in low level of achievement. Perhaps the most important aspect of the child’s social development is beyond the reach of the teacher. For the first very important aspect of the child’s development lies in the home. Genetic endowment and cultural level of the family, coupled with the actual physical conditions of the home will have decisive effect on the child’s development and will continue to influence him throughout his school life. These factors are inaccessible to be influenced by the teacher but it is as well for him to have them in mind in his dealings with pupils. In addition, he will need to know how he may most effectively change his pupils along the lives he considers to be the most appropriate. That is, he will seek out the most efficient ways of getting pupils learn for productive life in future.&#x0D; The topic under review will be approached from various fronts which include;&#x0D; The Sociological and Philosophical models; role of the school; Learners’ responsibility; role of the teacher; discipline and learner control; role of the parent; guidance and counseling services and conclusion.

Preparing the Child for Productive Life

The nature of children’s development is greatly influenced by the environmental conditions in which they are brought up. The amount of social stimulation which they receive is of particular importance, and even if physical conditions are adequate, an unstimulating environment which provides with little opportunity or need to experiment or solve problems will result in low level of achievement. Perhaps the most important aspect of the child’s social development is beyond the reach of the teacher. For the first very important aspect of the child’s development lies in the home. Genetic endowment and cultural level of the family, coupled with the actual physical conditions of the home will have decisive effect on the child’s development and will continue to influence him throughout his school life. These factors are inaccessible to be influenced by the teacher but it is as well for him to have them in mind in his dealings with pupils. In addition, he will need to know how he may most effectively change his pupils along the lives he considers to be the most appropriate. That is, he will seek out the most efficient ways of getting pupils learn for productive life in future. The topic under review will be approached from various fronts which include; The Sociological and Philosophical models; role of the school; Learners’ responsibility; role of the teacher; discipline and learner control; role of the parent; guidance and counseling services and conclusion.

Reading achievement in China’s rural primary schools: a study of three provinces

ABSTRACT This paper aims to explore and quantify the reading achievement of primary school students from three different regions in rural China. Using survey data on 23,143 students from Shaanxi, Guizhou, and Jiangxi provinces, we find although gaps in student reading achievement exist among the three sample provinces, all sample students exhibit low levels of reading achievement. Compared to students from other countries that participated in the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study reading tests, our sample students from rural China ranked last. Our regression analysis documented strong correlations between reading achievement and maths performance exist among the sample students in rural China. Additionally, we find male students, students with rural household registration, boarding students, and students from relatively poor families are more susceptible to having worse reading outcomes. Overall, our findings indicate the government should develop more effective policies to support reading skill development in China, especially in rural areas.