Low-intensity Aerobic Exercise Research Articles

Aerobic Exercise Alleviates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Mice with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

BackgroundChronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis play critical roles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Here, we attempted to determine whether aerobic exercise (AE) could improve COPD by counteracting the COPD-associated inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mice.MethodsThirty male ICR mice were assigned into one of three groups: control (Con), COPD, and COPD + AE. COPD was simulated by intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 weeks. Low-intensity AE was performed for 4 weeks. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts and the levels of inflammatory cytokine in BALF and serum were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson trichrome, and Sirius Red staining as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling were performed to identify the degree of pulmonary emphysema, bronchial mucus cell hyperplasia, pulmonary fibrosis, and cell apoptosis. Oxidative stress parameters were measured. Furthermore, gene expression levels for the CXCL1, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9, TGF-β, TNF-α, and silent information regulator (sirt)1 were detected in mice lung tissues.ResultsAE improved LPS-induced emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial mucus cell hyperplasia, bronchoconstriction, and cell apoptosis. AE prevented an LPS-induced increase in the total cell, neutrophil, and macrophage counts. AE decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels but increased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. AE decreased BALF levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β but increased BALF IL-10 levels. AE suppressed the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors CXCL1, IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α and profibrotic factors MMP-9 and TGF-β but activated those of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and lung-protective factor sirt1.ConclusionAE is a potential therapeutic approach for COPD. AE improved emphysema, bronchial mucus cell hyperplasia, and pulmonary fibrosis in mice with COPD by alleviating the inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, and cell apoptosis as well as activating sirt1.

Effects of Wearing the Elevation Training Mask During Low-intensity Cycling Exercise on Intraocular Pressure.

Low-intensity aerobic exercise is recommended to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) levels. However, this effect depends on several factors. We found that using an elevation training mask (ETM) during low-intensity aerobic exercise causes an IOP rise. The aim was to assess the influence of wearing an ETM on IOP during low-intensity endurance training. Sixteen physically active young adults (age=23.9±2.9 y) cycled during 30 minutes at 10% of maximal power production with and without an ETM in 2 different days and randomized order. A rebound tonometer was used to measure IOP at baseline, after a warm-up of 5 minutes, during cycling (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 min), and recovery (5 and 10 min) by rebound tonometry. The use of an ETM significantly affects the IOP behaviour during exercise (P<0.001, ηp²=0.66). In the ETM condition, there was an IOP increment during exercise (P<0.001, ηp²=0.28) whereas an IOP-lowering effect was observed in the control condition (P<0.001, ηp²=0.41). Post hoc comparisons showed that there were greater IOP values during exercise in the ETM condition in comparison to the control condition (average IOP difference=3.7±2.2 mm Hg; corrected P<0.01, and the Cohen d's >1.10, in all cases). Low-intensity endurance exercise causes an increment in IOP when it is performed wearing an ETM and a decrease in IOP when the air flow is not restricted (control condition). Therefore, the ETM should be discouraged during low-intensity endurance exercise for individuals who need to reduce IOP levels (eg, glaucoma patients or those at risk). However, the external validity of these results needs to be addressed in future studies with the inclusion of glaucoma patients.

Effect of Low Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Anthropometric Parameters and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Sedentary Individuals

Background: Walking is a common form of low intensity exercise that is suitable for most sedentary population. Regulation of blood lipids is an important mechanism by which physical exercise reduces cardiovascular risk. Aim: This study aimed to determine whether low intensity exercise modulates cardiometabolic risk markers in previously sedentary individuals. Methods: Twenty sedentary adults (12 males and 8 females) participated in an eight weeks low intensity exercise. The exercise consisted of brisk walking for 45 minutes, 3 times per week for 8 weeks under supervision. Serum glucose, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and lipid profile were determined at baseline and after four, six and eight weeks of the exercise programme. Results: There was a non-significant decrease in body mass index

Fasted exercise does not improve postprandial lipemia responses to different meals in lean and obese subjects: A crossover, randomized clinical trial.

Persistent episodes of postprandial hyperlipemia (PPL) and hyperglycemia (PPG) are considered risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and premature death; whereas physical exercise improves lipid profile and glucose tolerance thus decreasing cardiovascular risks. To investigate the effects of low-intensity fasted aerobic exercise on the magnitude of the PPL and PPG responses to meals with different energy content, in normal and obese subjects. The study used a randomized crossover design. Twenty-one male (Lean: n=9, BMI: 24.3±2.2; and obese: n=12, BMI 32.31±2.1) volunteers aged 20-30 years, performed three interventions, separated by 7 days each: (i) 45min at rest and isocaloric high-fat meal (60% lipids, 30% carbohydrates and 10% protein); (ii) fasted low-intensity aerobic exercise (50% VO2max) for 45min followed by an isocaloric or (iii) calorie deficit high-fat meal. Subjects were serially assessed for blood triglycerides, and glucose levels. Low-intensity fasted aerobic exercise had no acute effect on PPL in lean and obese subjects. Glucose concentrations were reduced only in lean subjects. There is a significant difference in PPL values when comparing lean to obese subjects, implying that the nutritional status influences lipid and carbohydrate after fasted low-intensity aerobic exercise. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT00929890.

Effect of a Tai Chi-Based Exercise Program on Cognitive Function Among Older Adults With Dementia

Cognitive function with dementia is strongly associated with physical function decline. A low intensity aerobic exercise, such as Tai Chi, may help either prevent or slow down cognitive impairment. This study aimed to examine the effect of Tai Chi-based exercise program on cognitive function among older adults with early dementia. Individuals registered at the Dementia Support Center were invited to participate in the Tai Chi-based exercise program twice a week for one-hour session for 20 weeks. The comparison group with the same inclusion criteria but not participated in any formal exercise program were recruited by matching with age, education, and pre-cognitive function. Cognitive function (MOCA-K) was measured at the pretest and at the completion of the study period. Fifty-two older adults with dementia (29 in Tai Chi group, 23 comparisons) with the mean age of 80.5 years completed all measurements. All participants had at least one chronic disease. About 50% of the participants received no formal education. At the completion of the study, Tai Chi group improved their cognitive function, while their counterpart remained similar in their MOCA-K score, specifically in attention (F=5.21, p=.027) and short term memory recall (F=6.66, p=.013). In conclusion, Tai Chi-based exercise program was safely and effectively applied to older adults with early dementia. The participants were able to follow the movements with the attendance rates of 80% during the study period. Further studies are warranted to explore the relationship between physical exercise and cognitive function in this population with various types of cognitive impairment.

Distinct effects of low-intensity physical activity in the evening on sleep quality in older women: A comparison of exercise and housework.

The effects of intensity, type, and time of day of physical activity on sleep are not well understood. An appropriate increase in core body temperature, due to physical activity during daytime, aids sleep in older adults. Our previous study showed that evening exercise has more positive effects on sleep quality in older adults when compared with morning exercise. However, older adults who do not exercise form a large part of the population. This study aimed to examine the distinct effects of low-intensity exercise and housework during the evening on sleep quality in older women. This randomized crossover study included 10 healthy older women aged 65-79years. The participants engaged in low-intensity physical activity for 30min, either aerobic exercise (70 steps per minute), housework (at the same intensity), or remained sedentary (control) 3h before bedtime. Sleep was recorded polysomnographically, and self-reported sleep quality was assessed the next morning using the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory, Middle-Aged and Aged version (OSA-MA) questionnaire. Compared with the control trial, core body temperature was significantly elevated in participants after each activity trial (0.5±0.4 and 0.4±0.4°C for housework and aerobic exercise, respectively). There was a significant difference in sleep latency (14.2±19.1, 9.9±15.6, and 4.2±3.5min for control, housework, and aerobic exercise, respectively; ANOVA P=0.011) among the trials. The delta power density after aerobic exercise was significantly higher than that after the control trial. We observed an increase of 53% and 15% in delta power during the 1st hour of sleep as a result of aerobic exercise and housework, respectively. The total score on OSA-MA was significantly higher after aerobic exercise (91.0±5.4, 88.1±6.9, and 108.6±5.9 points for control, housework, and exercise, respectively). Engaging in low-intensity aerobic exercise in the evening improved polysomnographic and self-reported sleep quality. Although housework increased core body temperature to the same level as that observed after aerobic exercise, self-reported sleep quality after housework was lower than that after aerobic exercise.

Cognitive and Psychosocial Outcomes of Self-Guided Executive Function Training and Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Older Adults.

ObjectivesPrior work has demonstrated that executive function training or physical exercise can improve older adults’ cognition. The current study takes an exploratory approach to compare the feasibility and efficacy of online executive function training and low-intensity aerobic exercise for improving cognitive and psychosocial functioning in healthy older adults.MethodFollowing a standard pretest-training-posttest protocol, 40 older adults (aged 65 and above) were randomly assigned to an executive function or a physical training group. A battery of cognitive and psychosocial outcome measures were administered before and after training. During the 10 weeks of self-guided training at home (25–30 min/day, 4 days/week), the executive function training group practiced a set of adaptive online executive function tasks designed by Lumos Labs, whereas the physical training group completed an adaptive Digital Video Disc (DVD)-based low-intensity aerobic exercise program.ResultsTraining transfer effects were limited. Relative to low-intensity aerobic exercise, executive function training yielded cognitive improvement on the 64-card Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST-64), a general executive function measure. Depression and stress levels dropped following both training programs, but this could be driven by decreased stress or excitement in performing the tasks over time.DiscussionThe results revealed limited cognitive benefits of the online executive function training program, specifically to a near transfer test of general executive control. Importantly, the current study supports the feasibility of home-based self-guided executive function and low-intensity physical training with healthy older adults.

비만인의 유산소 운동 강도가 대사성위험인자 및 마이오카인에 미치는 영향

Purpose: In this study is to examine changes in metabolic risk factors (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, BMI, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR) and Myokines (Irisin and FGF-21) according to exercise intensity through long-term aerobic exercise for obese men.BR Method: Subjects of the study calculated individual VO2max by exercise load test, A: low-intensity aerobic exercise group, VO2R 40% (low-intensity exercise group; LIEG), B: medium-intensity aerobic exercise group, VO2 60% (middle-intensity exercise group; MIEG), C: high-intensity aerobic exercise group, VO2R 80% (high-intensity exercise group; HIEG), D: control group (CG). For aerobic exercise, the treadmill speed was adjusted to maintain about ±3 of the target heart rate until the time spent 300kcal at the corresponding exercise intensity with the individual target heart rate by wearing a wireless heart rate device. In consideration of exercise adaptability, exercise time and intensity were recalculated after 6 weeks and applied for 12 weeks, 3 times a week.BR Results: TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, BMI, Glucose, Insulin, and HOMA-IR showed significant decreases in LEDG and HIEG, excluding TC. In MIEG of exercise treatment, the duration of exercise treatment showed a greater reduction after 12 weeks than after 6 weeks. In addition, changes in Irisin and FGF-21 also showed the most effective increase in MIEG, and the improvement of myokine was higher after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise.BR Conclusion: Even with the same exercise in the exercise metabolism of obese people, 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is considered the most effective exercise treatment for myokine expression and lipid relief by accelerating the change of metabolic risk factors and the browning of white fat.

Exercise with blood flow restriction as a new tool for health improvement in hypertensive elderly women: the role of purinergic enzymes.

Purinergic signaling has been considered one of the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its antihypertensive effects; and research on the effects of blow flow restriction (BFR) exercise has increased as an alternative for elderly hypertensive patients. We analyzed the acute responses of NTPDase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities to low intensity aerobic exercise (LIAE) with BFR in lymphocytes of hypertensive elderly women. Sixteen hypertensive elderly women performed three exercise protocols: LIAE; high intensity aerobic exercise (HIAE) and LIAE+BFR. Blood pressure, heart rate and blood collection were carried out before exercise, immediately after exercise and 30 min after exercise. NTPDase and ADA activities were measured in lymphocytes. Our results showed that LIAE+BFR triggered the same stimuli when compared to HIAE exercise regarding to NTPDases activities, suggesting that both protocols trigger an augment of these enzyme activities in response to: 1) increase in ATP release during exercise; and 2) need of adenosine generation to promotes anti-inflammatory responses in the recovery period. HIAE protocol was more effective than the others to trigger combined hypotensive and anti-inflammatory effects in the recovery period. This study showed that BFR is a good tool to promote anti-inflammatory effects similar (not equal) to HIAE. Moreover, LIAE+BFR promotes much more stimuli and adaptations related to immune functions than low intensity protocols, bringing more benefits for the hypertensive elderly population.

Effects of Supervised Early Resistance Training versus standard care on cognitive recovery following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy (the SEcReT study): protocol for a randomised controlled pilot study

IntroductionMild cognitive impairment is considered a precursor to dementia and significantly impacts upon quality of life. The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is higher in the post-surgical cardiac population than in the general population, with older age and comorbidities further increasing the risk of cognitive decline. Exercise improves neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and inflammatory and neurotrophic factor pathways, which may help to augment the effects of cognitive decline. However, the effects of resistance training on cognitive, functional and overall patient-reported recovery have not been investigated in the surgical cardiac population. This study aims to determine the effect of early moderate-intensity resistance training, compared to standard care, on cognitive recovery following cardiac surgery via a median sternotomy. The safety, feasibility and effect on functional recovery will also be examined.MethodsThis study will be a prospective, pragmatic, pilot randomised controlled trial comparing a standard care group (low-intensity aerobic exercise) and a moderate-intensity resistance training group. Participants aged 18 years and older with coronary artery and/or valve disease requiring surgical intervention will be recruited pre-operatively and randomised 1:1 to either the resistance training or standard care group post-operatively. The primary outcome, cognitive function, will be assessed using the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale and cognitive subscale. Secondary measures include safety, feasibility, muscular strength, physical function, multiple-domain quality of recovery, dynamic balance and patient satisfaction. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-operatively) and post-operatively at 2 weeks, 8 weeks, 14 weeks and 6 months.DiscussionThe results of this pilot study will be used to determine the feasibility of a future large-scale randomised controlled trial that promotes the integration of early resistance training into existing aerobic-based cardiac rehabilitation programs in Australia.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12617001430325p. Registered on 9 October 2017. Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1203-2131.

Acute Effects Of Practical Blood Flow Restriction On Knee Proprioception During Low Intensity Aerobic Exercise

Practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) exercise techniques decreases blood flow to targeted muscles while increasing local metabolic accumulation, both of which could impair joint proprioception post-exercise. The impaired proprioception which typically occurs after high intensity aerobic exercise can provide faulty sensory feedback to the brain during movement, resulting in increased risk of injury. Currently, there have been no studies investigating whether pBFR low intensity aerobic exercise has an effect on joint proprioception. PURPOSE: To investigate how low intensity aerobic exercise with pBFR affects knee joint proprioception. METHODS: Fourteen participants (8 males and 6 females) completed 3 sessions. On the first session, participants walked at 5.6 km/h at a 0% grade for two minutes followed by a 2% increase in the incline each minute until 40% of their heart rate reserve was achieved. Participants were familiarized with a “7/10” (moderate tightness) on the perceived tightness scale using elastic knee wraps as well as the position sense and countermovement jumps. On session 2 or 3, participants walked on a treadmill for 15 minutes with or without elastic wraps at 5.6 km/h at the grade determined on the first session. Absolute angular error (AAE) was measured before and immediately after each treadmill walking protocol. Muscle fatigue was determined by changes in average power and peak power measured during countermovement jumps. Change scores were computed for each condition and paired sample t-tests were used to determine differences between pBFR and Control. RESULTS: The change in AAE was not different (pBFR: -1.5 vs. Control degrees: 0.19, p=0.171) between low intensity exercise with and without pBFR [mean difference of -1.73 (-4.3, 0.85) degrees]. The change in peak power was also similar (pBFR: -34.5 vs. Control: 150.1 W, p=0.739) between exercise with and without pBFR [mean difference of -185 (-1358, 988) W]. Similarly, the change in average power (pBFR: 9.1 vs. Control: -3.4 W, p=0.544) was also not different [mean difference of 12.6 (-31.1, 56.2) W]. CONCLUSION: The walking exercise with pBFR did not effect joint proprioception in young adults, suggesting that walking exercise with pBFR might be safely applied without increasing the risk of injury.

Acute Cardiopulmonary And Hemodynamic Responses To Exercise With Blood-flow Restriction In Heart Failure Patients

Muscle training with blood flow restriction (BFR) can induce significant increases in muscle strength and mass, while BFR during low intensity aerobic training increases aerobic capacity more than the usual aerobic exercise at the same intensity. However, little is known about the safety and feasibility of BFR training in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). PURPOSE: This study compared hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary responses during low intensity aerobic exercise with and without BFR in CHF patients. METHODS: Nine CHF patients, 7 males and 2 females (age: 55.6±12.2 years, height: 175.0±10.3 cm, body mass: 89.6±29.1 kg, VO2peak: 22.4±5.04 ml/kg/min, ejection fraction: 36±6%, NYHA: I-II) volunteered to participate in this crossover study. Each participant performed the same aerobic exercise protocol, i.e. a 20-minute cycling bout at 65% of VO2peak, with (BFR) and without BFR (control) in random order, using a cycle ergometer. In the BFR condition, an occlusion cuff was used to regulate the occlusion pressure applied to both limbs that was proportional to thigh circumference. Mean oxygen uptake (VO2) during the 20 minutes exercise, VO2 recovery during the first minute of recovery (VO2/t slope), heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure at 6 min, 12 min and 18 min of exercise, fatigue and dyspnea perception were assessed. ANOVA or paired t-test was used for statistics and data are presented as mean±SD. RESULTS: Mean VO2 during exercise was higher in BFR compared to control (70.6±9.8% vs 64.0±10.1%, p=0.003), while VO2/t slope was higher in control (0.79±0.23 vs 0.53±0.11, p= 0.008). HR was higher during the BFR exercise (94±15 vs 88±15, 97±20 vs 90±19, 96±10 vs 84±9 at 6, 12 and 18 min, respectively; p<0.05), whereas SBP and DBP did not differ between the two conditions at any time point (p>0.05). Fatigue (12.4±2.7 vs 8.8±1.7, p=0.002) and dyspnea (11.5±2.5 vs 9.2±1.9, p=0.03) perception were significantly higher in BFR compared to control. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study examined BFR exercise in CHF patients, revealing specific cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic responses and suggesting that this exercise strategy is safe and feasible in those patients. More studies are needed to verify and further characterize the acute and chronic effects of BFR training in CHF patients.

Effects Of Polyester Wicking Versus Cotton Fabric T-shirt On Sweat Rate In Obese Males

The effects of different t-shirt fabrics on thermoregulation during exercise remain to be elucidated. PURPOSE: This crossover study investigated the effects of cotton (C) versus polyester (P) t-shirts on sweat rate and skin temperature at the torso (chest, back) and peripheral (forearm, forehead) regions of physically active, obese males. METHODS: Seven participants (21.7 ± 1.7 yr; 35.7 ± 6.7 kg·m-2) completed 4 visits (separated by 48 hrs); visit 1 was to complete the informed consent, ACSM health questionnaire, PAR-Q, and body composition assessment using air displacement plethysmography. Visit 2 was a VO2max test (30-sec averaging for expired gas analysis), followed by two treadmill walking sessions (30 min at 30 - 39% VO2reserve) in either C or P t-shirt (randomized, counterbalanced sequence) on the third and fourth visits. Exercise was performed in a hot and dry (27 C°, 10 ± 2% relative humidity) environment. Sweat rate was determined as ∆ nude body weight (pre- minus post-exercise body weight) using a digital scale. Skin temperature was measured during exercise using a skin thermometer. Torso skin temperature (Tsktorso) was the sum of 0.5TChest + 0.5TBack. Peripheral site skin temperatures were analyzed separately. A dependent t-test was used to compare sweat rates. Separate two-way ANOVAs were performed to investigate fabric type, time, and their interactions on skin temperature by body region. RESULTS: On average, participants’ VO2max and body fat were 36.8 ± 8.7 mL·kg-1·min-1 and 34.7 ± 4.3%, respectively. There was no difference between C and P conditions in sweat rates (∆ body weight = -.35 ± .11 kg; -.37 ± .20 kg, respectively, p = .754). A significant interaction effect was detected between Tsktorso and fabric (p = .022) with C > P. Interaction effects of skin temperature in the peripheral regions (forearm, p = .195; forehead, p = .057) were nonsignificant. CONCLUSION: Though the sweat rate was similar across cotton and polyester trials, polyester appears to be effective for temperature regulation, especially in the torso region during low intensity aerobic exercises in young, obese males. Future research should explore the impact of C vs. P fabric on sweat rate and skin temperature during different intensities and modalities of exercise.

INVOLVEMENT OF PURINERGIC SIGNALING AND LYMPHOID ORGANS IN THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF AEROBIC TRAINING IN ASTHMA

PURPOSE: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease affecting more than 300 million people around the world. Purinergic signaling via purinergic receptors (mainly P2X7, P2Y2 and P2Y6) are thought play a key role in asthma pathogenesis and severity. High intensity aerobic exercise is known to trigger asthma attacks, while low to moderate intensity training reduces inflammation and improves asthma control. Therefore, this study investigated whether low intensity aerobic exercise reduces asthma phenotype by modulation of purinergic signaling. METHODS: Aerobic exercise (AE) was performed in a treadmill at low intensity, 5x/week, 1h/session, for 4 weeks, beginning 2 weeks after HDM administration. HDM (dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; 100mg/mouse) was administered 3x/week, for 6 weeks. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that AE reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulation (p<0.001), IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, CXCL1/KC, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, IL-33 and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), while increased IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12p40 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Total number of leukocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils in BAL and the number of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in the airway wall (p<0.01) were reduced by AE. Airway remodeling (collagen, elastin, smooth muscle and mucus) were reduced by AE (p<0.01). TGF-beta, IGF-1 and VEGF levels was reduced by AE (p<0.001). Lung mechanics (Resistance, Elastance, GTIS, HTIS, RAW) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine was ameliorated by AE (p<0.01). IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production by re-stimulated mediastinal lymph nodes, splenocytes and bone marrow cells was also reduced by AE. The expression of P2X7, P2Y2 and P2Y6 by peribronchial leukocytes (p<0.01) and also by airway epithelial cells (p<0.01) were reduced by AE. CONCLUSIONS: Low intensity aerobic training reduces asthma phenotype by inhibiting purinergic signaling and lymphoid organs hyperactivation.

Effects of High-Oxygen Therapy and Low Intensity Aerobic Exercise Intervention in Patient Requiring Weaned Mechanical Ventilation with Ascending Aorta and Total Arch Replacement

Effects of High-Oxygen Therapy and Low Intensity Aerobic Exercise Intervention in Patient Requiring Weaned Mechanical Ventilation with Ascending Aorta and Total Arch Replacement

Concomitant aerobic- and hypertrophy-related skeletal muscle cell signaling following blood flow-restricted walking

This study is aimed to examine the acute responses to a blood flow restriction (BFR) low-intensity aerobic exercise, compared with a similar exercise without BFR, on several aerobic- and hypertrophy-related proteins expression and hormonal responses. On two different occasions, five healthy untrained male subjects were required to perform (i) a BFR low-intensity aerobic exercise consisting of 5 sets of 2-min bouts of walking at an exercise intensity of 63–65% HRmax (equivalent to 40% of VO2max), interspersed by 1-min rest; and (ii) similar exercise bouts without BFR (Ctrl). For each condition, venous blood samples were collected at pre- (baseline), immediately and 2-h post-exercise. Baseline and 3-h post-exercise muscle biopsy samples (vastus lateralis) were also performed for protein expression analysis. HIF-1α, PGC-1α, and VEGF proteins content were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 3-h post-exercise in BFR compared with baseline values. In reference to baseline, phosphorylation of Akt also increased significantly (P < 0.05) following BFR, and in a greater extent (P < 0.05) than following Ctrl. IGF-1 concentration significantly increased (P = 0.001) immediately following BFR exercise than baseline values and serum GH showed a significant increase (P = 0.046) compared with Ctrl. The addition of blood flow restriction during walking exercise initiate a concomitant cell signaling pathways regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and skeletal muscle protein expression. Le but de cette étude est d’examiner les réponses aiguës à un exercice aérobie de faible intensité réalisé avec ou sans occlusion vasculaire (blood flow restriction, [BFR]) sur l’expression de protéines impliquées dans le développement de l’hypertrophie et de l’endurance. Selon un plan croisé, 5 sujets sains non entraînés ont réalisé à deux occasions différentes: (i) 5 séries de 2 min de marche à 63–65 % de la fréquence cardiaque maximale (équivalent à 40 % de la consommation maximale d’oxygène) entrecoupées de 1 min de repos, le tout sous occlusion vasculaire des membres inférieurs (BFR); et (ii) le même exercice sans occlusion (Ctrl). Pour chaque condition, des échantillons sanguins ont été prélevés avant, immédiatement après et 2 h après chaque condition. Des biopsies musculaires (vastus lateralis) ont également été pratiquée au repos (avant exercice) et 3 h après. Le contenu protéique du facteur induit par l’hypoxie 1 alpha (Hypoxic Inducible Factor 1α, HIF-1α), de peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), et du facteur de croissance de l’endothélium vasculaire (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF) ont significativement augmenté (p < 0,05) après l’exercice aérobie BFR. La phosphorylation de la protéine kinase B (Akt) a également augmenté de manière significative (p < 0,05) après l’exercice aérobie BFR et dans une plus grande proportion (p < 0,05) que suite à l’exercice Ctrl. La concentration du facteur de croissance Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) augmente (p < 0,001) immédiatement après l’exercice aérobie BFR et l’hormone de croissance (sérum GH) augmente significativement (p < 0,05) en comparaison avec Ctrl. L’ajout d’une restriction de la circulation sanguine au cours d’un exercice de marche stimule des voies de signalisation musculaire concomitantes régulant la biogenèse mitochondriale, l’angiogenèse et l’expression des protéines du muscle squelettique.

Mood-related changes in children and adolescents with persistent concussion symptoms following a six-week active rehabilitation program

ABSTRACT Primary objective The purpose of this study is to explore changes in mood in youth with persistent post-concussion symptoms following participation in a six-week active rehabilitation program. Research design A pre-post test design was used. Methods and procedures Participants (N = 40 children and adolescents with concussion symptoms >2 weeks post-injury) were recruited from the concussion services at an urban children’s rehabilitation hospital and the community. The program consisted of individualized low-intensity aerobic exercise, sport-specific drills, relaxation exercises and comprehensive education and support. The 6 week program was completed by participants in their home or local community with weekly check-ins with the research team. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regressions. Main outcomes and results Outcome measures included the Beck Youth Inventories (youth), and the Child Behavior Checklist (parents). Results indicated significant improvements in anger and anxiety post-intervention with anger reduction being more pronounced in girls. Conclusions Active rehabilitation interventions may have positive effects on mood in youth recovering from concussion. Clinicians may wish to consider addressing anxiety and anger management strategies as part of comprehensive concussion management in youth.

Sleep quality and ventilatory efficiency in elderly heart failure patients: a pilot study on the short-term effect of 4-week low-intensity aerobic exercise.

outpatient physical therapy clinic within Cairo University regional hospital. eight elderly HF patients (6 men, 2 women) with a mean age of 69.4±4.2 years. participants were recruited for a low-intensity exercise program (40 to 50% of maximum heart rate for 30-40 minutes), five sessions weekly for four weeks. Exercise intensity was monitored during the sessions using heart rate. sleep quality was assessed pre- and post- four weeks of exercise program usingthe Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and ventilatory efficiency was assessed using cardiopulmonary exercise test.Results HF patients (II-III NYHA), mean age 69.4±4.2 years, body mass index 23.7±2.7 kg/m2, ejection fraction 32.7±4.5 %, VO2peak 16.27±4.2 ml/kg/min, VE/VCO2 30.81±12.7. The mean of global PSQI score ranged between 8.2 to 11.4 with a mean of 9.7±3.4 which indicates that the participants experienced sleep disturbance. The post-exercise assessment showed that patients have reported a significant improvement of all PSQI domains compared with baseline assessment (p&lt;0.05). VO2peak significantly increased from 16.27±4.2 pre-intervention to 20.03±2.6 ml/kg/min post-intervention (p=0.049) whereas VE/VCO2 slightly decreased with a non-significant difference at the end of the study program (p=0.594) indicating animprovement of ventilator efficiencyand overall cardiorespiratory fitness.Conclusion Short-term application of low-intensity aerobic exercise (4 weeks) may improve the quality of sleep and ventilator efficiency in elderly HF patients. The study findings encourage elderly HF patients with sleep disturbance to adhere to the exercise training program. Also, cardiac rehabilitation programs with low intensity of aerobic exercise should be proposed to these patients by their health care provider.

Effects of Morning Versus Evening Home-Based Exercise on Subjective and Objective Sleep Parameters in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to determine whether the timing of exercise influenced the effects of home-based low-intensity stepping exercises on the sleep parameters of older adults. For 8 weeks, 60 healthy older adults participated in a randomized controlled trial, performing low-intensity aerobic exercise (70-80 bpm) for about 30 minutes every day at home, either in the morning (from waking until 12:00) or evening (18:00 to bedtime). In the evening exercise group, both subjectively and objectively measured sleep latency significantly improved throughout the intervention. Further, postintervention subjective sleep satisfaction was significantly higher in the evening group (6.2 ± 1.3 points) than in the morning group (5.2 ± 1.4 points; P = .006). Additionally, sleep variables related to evening exercise had larger effect sizes (Cohen d) than those performed in the morning. Engaging in low-intensity stepping exercises during the evening is potentially a useful nonpharmacological approach to improving sleep quality among older adults.

The effects of Aerobic exercise intensity participation training on body composition, health related fitness and quality of life in elderly women

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise intensity on body composition, health related fitness, and quality of life in elderly women. Methods 48 elderly women over 65 years of age without physical and mental problems were assigned to four groups: control group, low intensity, moderate intensity, and high intensity aerobic training group. The aerobic exercise group applied a heart rate reserve (HRR) to low-intensity group (HRR 40-55%), moderate intensity group (HRR 55-70%), high intensity group (HRR&gt; 70%) for 12 weeks, 3 times a week for 20 minutes a day. Subjects of the control group were to maintain their usual lifestyles during the same intervention period. Body composition, health related fitness, and quality of life were measured and analyzed using repeated two-way ANOVA. Results The main results obtained in this study are as follows. 1) There was a significant decrease in sitting forward bending in the low intensity group and a significant increase in EQ-VAS. 2) There was a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, and 6 minutes walking in the moderate intensity group, and a significant increase in grip strength and EQ-VAS. 3) The high intensity group showed a significant decrease in weight, BMI, waist circumference, sitting forward bending, and 6 minutes walking, and a significant increase in grip strength, sit and stand, functional reach, and VO2max. On the other hand, there was no significant change in all variables in the control group. Conclusions In conclusion, aerobic training was found to be effective for body composition, health related fitness and quality of life in elderly women. In particular, it can be concluded that high intensity aerobic training is effective for health related fitness, and low and moderate intensity aerobic exercise is effective for improving quality of life.