Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions Research Articles

Macroeconomic analysis of a new green hydrogen industry using Input-Output analysis: The case of Switzerland

Hydrogen is receiving increasing attention to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors, such as carbon intensive industries and long-distance transport, with the ultimate goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to net-zero. However, limited knowledge exists so far on the socio-economic and environmental impacts for countries moving towards green hydrogen. Here, we analyse the macroeconomic impacts, both direct and indirect, in terms of GDP growth, employment generation and GHG emissions, of green hydrogen production in Switzerland. The results are first presented in gross terms for the construction and operation of a new green hydrogen industry considering that all the produced hydrogen is allocated to passenger cars (final demand). We find that, for each kg of green hydrogen produced, the operational phase creates 6.0, 5.9 and 9.5 times more GDP, employment and GHG emissions respectively compared to the construction phase (all values in gross terms). Additionally, the net impacts are calculated by assuming replacement of diesel by green hydrogen as fuel for passenger cars. We find that green hydrogen contributes to a higher GDP and employment compared to diesel, while reducing GHG emissions. For instance, in all the three cases, namely, ‘Equal Cost’, ‘Equal Energy’ and ‘Equal Service’, we find that a green hydrogen industry generates around 106%, 28% and 45% higher GDP, respectively; 163%, 43% and 65% more full-time equivalent jobs, respectively; and finally 45%, 18% and 29% lower GHG emissions, respectively, compared to diesel and other industries. Finally, the methodology developed in this study can be extended to other countries using country-specific data.

Retrospective dynamic life cycle assessment of residential heating and cooling systems in four locations in the United States

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC) and water heaters are responsible for a relevant portion of the total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions related to the building life cycle. A significant effort will be needed to substantially reduce building-related GHG emissions to meet the increasing demand to meet goals for energy use and GHG emission reduction. This study evaluates the GHG emissions of two alternative residential HVAC systems: natural gas furnace and electric air conditioning, and an electric heat pump, in a typical single-family house located in four different climate zones in the U.S. using a life cycle assessment model that includes spatial variations such as climate and electricity generation mix and temporal variations such as the changes in the generation mix and greenhouse gas emission factors for electricity generation over time. The locations selected are in very cold, cold, marine (temperate), and hot-humid climate zones in the U.S. The reduction in GHG emissions over time occurred due primarily to the changes in the electricity grid mix. As a result, the heat pump system had the greatest reduction in GHG emissions over time and had the lowest GHG emissions over the study period in two of the four locations. If the decarbonization of electricity production continues and refrigerants with low GHG potential are widely used, the heat pump can be the HVAC system with the lowest GHG emissions in all climate zones studied.

English

Conservation agriculture (CA) aims to achieve productive and sustainable farming while preserving the natural resource base and environment. This article explores how CA aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations and contributes to their achievement, particularly SDG 2: Zero Hunger, SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation, SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, SDG 13: Climate Action, and SDG 15: Life on Land. CA has gained significant attention as a sustainable farming system on over 200 million hectares of global cropland, with an annual increase of 10 million hectares since 2008. The principles of minimum soil disturbance, diverse crop rotations and permanent soil cover help improve soil health, nutrients and water management, and contribute to biodiversity preservation. By encouraging sustainable agriculture and enhancing nutrition, SDG 2 seeks to end hunger. CA practices enhance soil health and nutrient availability, increasing crop productivity and reducing reliance on synthetic inputs like pesticides and fertilizers. The resilience of CA to climate change challenges further supports food production. For SDG 6, minimum tillage and soil cover components of CA help reduce soil erosion, resulting in cleaner water by preventing sedimentation in water bodies. Improved water management and conservation contribute to sustainable water use and sanitation. SDG 12 seeks responsible consumption and production patterns. CA promotes efficient resource use, reduces waste, and minimizes the negative environmental impact of agricultural inputs, leading to sustainable production systems with less reliance on external inputs. Regarding SDG 13, CA practices improve soil and water management, increase soil carbon absorption, and lower greenhouse gas emissions, all of which help agricultural systems become more resilient to climate change. Lastly, SDG 15 focuses on life on land preservation. CA's promotion of biodiversity through cover cropping and decreased chemical use provides habitats for organisms, supporting ecosystem services and sustainable land use. In conclusion, CA plays a significant role in achieving multiple SDGs by promoting sustainable agriculture, conserving resources, mitigating climate change, and preserving biodiversity. The adoption and expansion of CA practices are essential for a sustainable and resilient future

The role of durability monitoring in taking infrastructure maintenance to the level of industry 4.0

AbstractOver the last years, significant advances were made with respect to sensors, data logging, data communication, and algorithm‐based data analysis. These developments have the potential to take structural health monitoring, especially structural corrosion health monitoring, to the next level. This contribution focuses on corrosion and durability monitoring of reinforced concrete structures. It is discussed how monitoring can play an important role in the diagnosis of the condition of a structure, as well as in predicting the future evolution of material's ageing and related deterioration processes. Measuring chemical and physical parameters in the concrete can serve as “early warning system” to detect potential durability issues ahead of time and optimize repair. Combined with modelling tools and taking into account the exposure conditions, such information can form the basis for predictive maintenance. In addition, the roles of monitoring as a method for checking the effectiveness of repair products in‐situ and to assess the performance of new concretes with low greenhouse gas emissions are discussed.

Evaluation of the Economic, Environmental, and Social Impact of the Valorization of Grape Pomace from the Wine Industry.

The increase in the world population has led to intensive food production systems that are generating increasing amounts of solid waste. In this work, the valorization of the most important waste generated during wine production, grape pomace, is evaluated. Eight processes are proposed to approach different types of valorization (production of energy and value-added products), from economic, environmental, and social points of view. The best process depends on the budget available, the production capacity, and the weight of each impact produced by the factory (economic, environmental, or social). For small (less than 0.1 kg/s) or very large (greater than 10 kg/s) capacities, the production of high-value-added products outperforms the other processes in all three impacts and in profitability. For intermediate capacities, combustion and gasification stand out as having the highest greenhouse emissions and intermediate economic benefits. Anaerobic digestion is remarkable for its low greenhouse gas emissions, while tannin production is the best-balanced process from both economic and environmental points of view. Pyrolysis is the worst process of all three impacts.

Environmental assessment of mountain grassland farms with mixed cattle systems: use of bioeconomic simulations

Management practices of cattle farming systems must be improved, particularly to increase the systems’ feed self-sufficiency, food production and environmental performances. In mountain areas of the Massif Central (central France), mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems enable farmers to use grassland resources better and cope with economic fluctuations. Our objective was to estimate levels of ecosystem services provided by mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems as a function of the degree of mixing, along with their greenhouse gas emissions and energy use when their operation is optimized on an economic basis. The hypothesis was that mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems allow for controlled use of biomass, with better environmental performances than specialized systems (pure dairy or suckler herd) by maintaining grassland ecosystem services. Five herd-distribution scenarios were simulated using the Orfee bioeconomic optimization model. Environmental performances of the five systems were assessed according to three functional units (i.e., per farm, ha and kg protein produced). Mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems, which enabled larger herds, had higher greenhouse gas emissions per ha than specialized systems. However, because dairy cows produce more protein (milk and beef) than suckler cows, specialized dairy systems had the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and energy use per kg of protein. Specialized dairy systems had less advantage when dairy cows had less access to grassland. For the production of both milk and beef, mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems favour more sustainable use of biomass and tend to maintain a better combination of levels of ecosystem services for livestock production than specialized cattle farming systems.

Different photovoltaic power potential variations in East and West China

Photovoltaic (PV) technology can help reduce carbon emissions significantly, but its benefits may be affected by climate change. Few studies have reported on the impact of climate change on the spatial and temporal distribution of solar energy in China based on the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, and few have explored the rooftop PV potential. In this study, 16 CMIP6 models are used for evaluation of the inter-annual and seasonal changes of solar irradiance and PV capacity factor under low (SSP1–2.6), medium (SSP2–4.5) and high (SSP5–8.5) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The effects on the variation of solar irradiance of three factors are examined: clouds, aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and specific humidity. Furthermore, the future power generation potential of rooftop PV is investigated. It is found that the solar irradiance exhibits an upward trend on national level under all the future scenarios, especially for the SSP1–2.6 scenario, with an increasing rate of 1.4 W m−2 decade−1, mainly due to a reduction in AOT. Solar irradiance increases notably in southeast China while increases little in west China, and the level for 2051–2060 remains lower than that for 1960–2014. The PV capacity factor increases in southeast China with increasing solar irradiance, with a maximum increase of about 4% compared to the average PV CF for 1960–2014 and the highest increasing rate being 0.37% decade−1. In addition, to achieve the projected national distributed PV power generation level, >70% of the effective rooftop area needs to be utilized in 2050. This study hopes to enhance understanding of the impact of climate change on solar energy and provide recommendations for future PV planning to better achieve the long-term planetary temperature goal set by the Paris Agreement.

The energy-food dilemma for utilizing biofuels in low-income communities amidst the Russian–Ukrainian conflict

The Russian–Ukraine war has had and will continue to impact global energy and food security; this will increase the pressure on low-income communities due to rising food costs, as some food was used for energy (i.e. cooking oil). In addition to that, rising energy demand, fuel price increases, the need for energy security, climate change, and means of lowering greenhouse gas emissions are significant considerations in all ethical discussions, particularly when considering the human right to food; there is a tension between the usage of land and availability of water and the human need for fuel, such as biofuel. Although biofuels have the potential to alleviate energy difficulties, producing and consuming such fuels raises social, economic, technological, environmental, and ethical concerns due to ethical aspects such as Rights, Duty, Virtue, Utilitarianism, and Sustainability. Furthermore, all participants bear an ethical responsibility to ensure that biofuels are produced and used appropriately, taking into account citizens’ rights to nourishment, well-being, and employment, the environmental sustainability of such fuels, as well as their capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the equitable distribution of such fuels’ costs and benefits. Using human food to produce biofuels has raised several issues since it may jeopardize the human right to enough sustenance for healthy living. In contrast, current biofuel production and use do not meet environmental sustainability requirements.

Impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act on the Economics of Clean Hydrogen and Synthetic Liquid Fuels.

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in the United States provides unprecedented incentives for deploying low-carbon hydrogen and liquid fuels, among other low-greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions technologies. To better understand the prospective competitiveness of low-carbon or negative-carbon hydrogen and liquid fuels under the IRA in the early 2030s, we examined the impacts of the IRA provisions on the costs of producing hydrogen and synthetic liquid fuel made from natural gas, electricity, short-cycle biomass (agricultural residues), and corn-derived ethanol. We determined that, with IRA credits (45V or 45Q) but excluding the incentives provided by other national or state policies, hydrogen produced by electrolysis using carbon-free electricity (green H2) and by natural gas reforming with carbon capture and storage (CCS) (blue H2) is cost-competitive with the carbon-intensive benchmark gray H2, which is produced by steam methane reforming. Biomass-derived H2 with or without CCS is not cost-competitive under the current IRA provisions. However, if the IRA allowed biomass gasification with CCS to claim a 45V credit for carbon-neutral H2 and a 45Q credit for negative biogenic CO2 emissions, this pathway would be less costly than gray H2. The IRA credit for clean fuels (45Z), currently stipulated to end in 2027, would need to be extended or similar policy support would need to be provided by other national or state policies in order for clean synthetic liquid fuel to be cost-competitive with petroleum-derived liquid fuels. The levelized IRA subsidies per unit of CO2 mitigated for all of the hydrogen and synthetic liquid fuel production pathways, except for electricity-derived synthetic liquid fuel, range from $65-$384/t of CO2. These values are within or below the range of the U.S. federal government's estimates of the social cost of carbon (SCC) in the 2030-2040 time frame.

In-Depth Lifecycle Assessment of Ballasted Railway Track and Slab Track Considering Varying Subsoil Conditions

This study assesses and compares lifecycle (LC) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the two main railway track construction types: ballasted track and slab track. In this study, preexisting soil conditions are considered, as they significantly influence necessary measures during the construction phase for each type. This study is executed for Austrian boundary conditions with speeds up to 250 km/h. The results show that ballasted track is associated with 11–20% lower LC GHG emissions, whereby the variation in relative emission reduction is associated with additional soil reinforcement treatments due to varying preexisting soil conditions. Poor preexisting soil conditions increase LC GHG emissions by 26%, underlying the necessity to integrate this parameter into the lifecycle assessment of railway track. In contrast to the higher service life of slab track construction, this type amounts to higher masses of concrete and demands more extensive measures for soil enhancement due to the higher stiffness of the track panel. Only in tunnel areas does slab track cause lower GHG emissions since soil reinforcements are not necessary due to an existing concrete base layer after tunnel construction. For both construction types, over 80% of the GHG emissions stem from material production. Hence, circular economy as well as innovations within steel and concrete production processes hold significant potential for reducing GHG emissions.

How is energy intensity affected by industrialisation, trade openness and financial development? A dynamic analysis for the panel of newly industrialized countries

Exploring the factors that affect energy intensity is a worthy research topic because a decline of energy intensity lowers greenhouse gas emissions and increases energy security. Therefore, using the World Bank data from 2000 to 2020, this study examined how industrialisation, trade openness, financial development, and urbanisation affected energy intensity in 12 Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs). We used panel autoregressive distributed lag/pooled mean group (ARDL/PMG), cross-sectional ARDL (CS-ARDL), and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) to determine the long- and short-run effects of explanatory variables on the dependent variable, energy intensity. All variables are found stationary after the unit root test and cointegration test confirms that variables are linked in the long run. Panel ARDL/PMG and CS-ARDL results show that industrialisation increases energy intensity in the long and short runs. These tests also show that financial development increases energy intensity over time but not immediately. Trade openness decreases energy intensity in the long run but not in the short run. Urbanisation has negligible effects. Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger causality test result shows that energy intensity causes trade openness. The test also shows two-way causality between industrialisation, financial development, and energy intensity. Results-driven policy recommendations, such as investment in efficient and environmentally friendly technologies, and facilitation of trade openness, are made following the conclusion.

Effective utilisation of waste cement concrete dust in bituminous concrete

The suitability of waste cement concrete dust (CD) and conventional hydrated lime (HL) as fillers in bituminous concrete was investigated. Bituminous mixes containing CD or HL in different proportions were designed. Their performance was studied using the Marshall quotient, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio (TSR), passive and active adhesion and Cantabro tests. The cost of the various mixes and their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were also compared. Finally, the optimum filler content for both mixes was determined. The mixes containing CD displayed rutting, cracking and ravelling resistance similar to those of conventional mixes. CD offered improved affinity towards bitumen and ensured excellent moisture resistance (TSR > 80%). Compared with a traditional mix (4% HL), the use of CD marginally lowered the cost by around 3–8% and reduced the GHG emissions by more than 50%. Overall, the addition of CD ensured satisfactory engineering performance at a relatively lower cost and significantly lower GHG emissions.

Agro-Forestry – A Crop Diversification Strategy for Adaption and Mitigation of Climate Change

The biggest challenge the world is currently experiencing is the impact of climate change on agriculture. Developing nations like India will be particularly affected because of their growing populations, water shortages, declining soil fertility, and loss of biodiversity. Agroforestry system is a major component in sustainable agricultural production under climate change situation as inclusion of agroforestry system ensures the production of food, fuel, fodder, timber, manures and fibre even under adverse climatic situations. The issue of ecologically sound and commercially viable strategies for adaptation and mitigation of climate change is being addressed by agroforestry, which is intensive, integrated, intentional, and interactive. This is done through carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, microclimate improvement, and a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. Modern, effective agroforestry techniques enable farm activity diversification and improved stewardship of the environment. There are three ways that agroforestry helps to mitigate climate change. Sequestering carbon in biomass and soils, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing energy consumption on farms to minimize emissions are all ways to reduce emissions. This review highlights successful adoption of agroforestry as an crop diversification option for mitigating climate change effects.

Sector-Specific Pathways to Sustainability: Unravelling the Most Promising Renewable Energy Options

Energy consumption across industries accounts for more than seventy-five per cent of total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. Energy is a top priority for achieving climate goals and low greenhouse gas emission levels. The comparison of sustainable development patterns in renewable energy sources is carried out for all the different sectors analysed for the study, such as industry, services, agriculture, transport, and households. Specifically, researchers examined trends in each of these sectors. This study aims to create a model that combines qualitative and quantitative research approaches to obtain the most objective and descriptive data on RES technologies used in different sectors of the economy. According to the results, both solar energy and biomass have strong development potential overall, which is reflected in the higher average values of the overall results. This is also the case when looking at the impacts individually.

Demand-driven climate change mitigation and trade-offs from wood product substitution: The case of Swedish multi-family housing construction

Multi-family housing construction (MFHC) with wood instead of concrete as frame material results in lower greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, substituting wood for concrete in MFHC in Sweden until 2030, and onwards to 2070, could be a promising climate change mitigation option. But to what extent, and how would it impact Sweden's forests? Here we assess climate and biodiversity implications - in terms of the area of old forest - of a completely wood-based future MFHC in Sweden. The wood required is assumed to be exclusively sourced as additional fellings in Swedish forests, thus carbon leakage from wood imports as well as displacement of other wood uses can be disregarded. Different types of timber frame systems and the role of varying future dwelling sizes are considered. We find that the wood needed for a complete substitution of concrete would result in very minor increases in harvests. We further register slight net additional climate change mitigation, irrespective of the wood construction system. There is a small tradeoff between climate change mitigation and biodiversity, as the area of old forest reduces slightly. The largest climate benefit, and lowest impact on Swedish forests, is provided when using timber-light frame combined with reduced dwelling size.

APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS CONCEPT TO OIL AND GAS SECTOR ON EXAMPLE OF ASSOCIATED PETROLEUM GAS PROCESSING

Nowadays, the state level has set the task of forming a systematic approach to secondary resources management that were obtained from production waste, as well as increasing the efficiency of resource useage throughout the production life cycle. This is evidenced by the initiation and implementation of the sectoral program «Usage of secondary resources and secondary raw materials from waste in industrial production», supervised by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation since November 2022, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 4, 2020 No. 666 «On Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions», Strategy «Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation with Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050» approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 29, 2021 No. 3052-r and Federal Law of 02.07.2021 No. 296-FZ «On Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions» (entered into force 30.12.2021).
 To achieve economic, social and environmental sustainability, it is necessary to interact between enterprises, universities and authorities in order to stimulates the application of the principles of circular economics. This article discusses the problem of utilization and use of associated petroleum gas, as well as analyzes the possibilities of applying the concept of industrial symbiosis both to reduce the produced resources and minimize the loss of materials during use. The relevance of this topic is justified by an increase in the volume of associated petroleum gas (APG) production and, accordingly, the damage caused to the environment due to its combustion. In addition, insufficient financial investment hinders the successful development of innovative economic schemes such as industrial symbiosis.
 The methods of APG disposal and processing used at present were analyzed, the negative consequences of combustion, sanctions imposed by the state and restrictions on their application were investigated. According to the authors, an important problem is the lack of new technologies, as well as the low level of their technological readiness, which leads to the use of most APG as energy resources instead of its processing. The study briefly discusses the main methods of processing associated petroleum gas, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as possible recommended areas of APG use.
 The effectiveness and feasibility of introducing the concept of industrial symbiosis in the oil industry is justified. As a result of the study, the authors of this article proposed the most optimal option for processing and further use of the obtained components, the probability and reality of the implementation of the described processing method is also described.

Strategies for fertilizer management to achieve higher yields and environmental and fertilizer benefits of rice production in China

The challenge in China is to retain high yields while lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the context of the increasing global and Chinese demand for rice yield. Better fertilizer management is a key factor that favors intensive rice systems toward more intensive, diverse, and sustainable development to obtain higher yield and environmental benefits. Thus, we used a data-intensive approach to estimate yield, fertilizer productivity (FP) and GHG emissions based on fertilizer and soil characteristics across major Chinese rice-producing regions. The common rice production model showed medium yield, low emission intensity and FP, and low or high GHG emissions. Approximate 41 % and 10 %, 34 % and 3 %, 8 % and 2 %, and 8 % and 1 % probabilities for medium and high yield (MY and HY)-low emission intensity (LI)-low GHG emissions (LG)-high FP (HF) (MY-LI-LG-HF and HY-LI-LG-HF) were achieved in Northeast, South, Southwest, Central and East China, respectively, by adjusting basal, tillering and panicle fertilization and soil pH, N, P and K. Our results provide insights for adjusting soil nutrient traits and fertilizer inputs according to regional production potentials for higher yields and FP and lower GHG emissions in China.

Impact and challenges to Adopting Electric Vehicles in developing countries – a case study in India

Climate change is one of the current threats facing the world. Pollution is the primary factor causing climate change, in it, air pollution plays a major part. Almost all developed and developing countries emit a lot of greenhouse gases (GHG). The transportation sector is responsible for the majority of GHG emissions. Nowadays, almost all nations make an effort to lower CO2 emissions from transportation. India also has a strategy to achieve zero emissions through several programmes. When considering ways to lower GHG emissions from the transportation sector, electric vehicles (EVs) are the first choice that comes to mind. The main goal of this case study is to identify why and how India is having trouble launching EVs. India faces significant obstacles in the areas of infrastructure, electricity, battery technology, and consumer behaviour. India already has the infrastructure necessary for the general usage of fuel-powered automobiles. Suddenly changing to another technology and expecting to complete the requirement is a little problematic in emerging nations like India. The majority of electric vehicles (EVs) use lithium-ion batteries, and India is in a position to buy these batteries from other nations. As a result, the battery is a little expensive in India. Nothing is difficult to overcome the barriers compared to the benefits of EVs. Finally, this study makes several recommendations for eliminating the barriers to India's EV adoption.

Environmental performance of a hybrid solar-hydrogen energy system for buildings

As the residential sector has a significant environmental impact, there is growing pressure to move away from heavy reliance on fossil fuels and towards renewable technologies. One approach to avoid burning fossil fuels in this sector is a hybrid solar-hydrogen energy system based on photovoltaic panels for electricity supply, a battery for short-term storage, and a hydrogen system consisting of a fuel cell, electrolyzer, and hydrogen tank for long-term storage. This study uses the life cycle assessment method to analyze the environmental impact of such a system and compares the results to a reference system with no hydrogen components in both off-grid and grid-connected scenarios. The results show that the solar-hydrogen system causes lower greenhouse gas emissions in the off-grid scenario. Overall, it is significantly beneficial in 6 out of 16 impact categories. In contrast, the off-grid reference system, equipped with a diesel generator as a backup power source, has lower burdens in 7 impact categories and the single score result. The production of the hydrogen tank is identified as the primary driver of emissions of the solar-hydrogen system. In the on-grid scenario, the grid-connected reference system is beneficial in all impact categories.

Hydroformylation of pyrolysis oils to aldehydes and alcohols from polyolefin waste.

Waste plastics are an abundant feedstock for the production of renewable chemicals. Pyrolysis of waste plastics produces pyrolysis oils with high concentrations of olefins (>50 weight %). The traditional petrochemical industry uses several energy-intensive steps to produce olefins from fossil feedstocks such as naphtha, natural gas, and crude oil. In this work, we demonstrate that pyrolysis oil can be used to produce aldehydes through hydroformylation, taking advantage of the olefin functionality. These aldehydes can then be reduced to mono- and dialcohols, oxidized to mono- and dicarboxylic acids, or aminated to mono- and diamines by using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This route produces high-value oxygenated chemicals from low-value postconsumer recycled polyethylene. We project that the chemicals produced by this route could lower greenhouse gas emissions ~60% compared with their production through petroleum feedstocks.