Low Dispersion Research Articles

Optical characteristics and formation mechanism of haze events in Qingdao, a coastal city in China

During the field campaign conducted in Qingdao, Shandong Province, from December 2019 to January 2020, six significant haze episodes occurred. To investigate the optical characteristics and formation mechanisms of haze in this region, we utilized an optical particle counter to measure the size distribution of aerosol particles. The results showed that the average Angström exponent value during the campaign was 1.45, indicating that fine particulate matter dominated. Additionally, the aerosol scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient, and single scattering albedo were measured using a cavity-attenuated phase shift instrument. It was observed that both scattering and extinction coefficients significantly increased during the haze episodes, while SSA notably decreased at the onset of haze, which may be related to newly emitted aerosol particles. Air quality monitors detected a marked increase in sulfur compounds and nitrogen oxides during the haze episodes, with nitrogen oxides being higher than sulfur compounds, indicating that local pollution was primarily driven by vehicular emissions. Using the HYSPLIT4 model, we analyzed atmospheric transport trajectories and found that regional transport played a critical role in haze events. Analysis of micropulse lidar data revealed that the boundary layer height during the haze episodes was significantly lower than during non-haze periods. The lower boundary layer height restricted pollutant dispersion, exacerbating pollution levels. High relative humidity also contributed to the hygroscopic growth of aerosols, altering atmospheric thermal balance and playing a crucial role in the formation of haze events.

Extreme migratory connectivity and apparent mirroring of non-breeding grounds conditions in a severely declining breeding population of an Afro-Palearctic migratory bird

Understanding the distribution of breeding populations of migratory animals in the non-breeding period (migratory connectivity) is important for understanding their response to environmental change. High connectivity (low non-breeding population dispersion) may lower resilience to climate change and increase vulnerability to habitat loss within their range. Very high levels of connectivity are reportedly rare, but this conclusion may be limited by methodology. Using multiple tracking methods, we demonstrate extremely high connectivity in a strongly declining, peripheral breeding population of a long-distance migrant, the Common Nightingale in the UK. Non-breeding population dispersion is lower than for previously tracked populations of this and other species and likely lower than can usually be detected by light-level geolocation, the main tracking method for small bodied species. Extremely low levels of population mixing were also detected, so any impacts on this population on the non-breeding grounds are unlikely to be shared with more distant breeding populations, corresponding to the observed patterns of European population change. According to a species distribution model using independent field data, this population’s non-breeding grounds had lower suitability than others and likely declined before the period we were able to assess. These results support hypotheses that climatic and habitat-related deterioration of non-breeding grounds contributes to population declines in peripheral and high-connectivity breeding populations of long-distance migrants, including the one studied here.

Deep eutectic solvent-mediated extraction of lignin: A novel strategy for producing high-quality biopolymers in controlled-release mulching applications.

Microplastic contamination of low-density polyethylene mulch and nutrient loss from fertilizers present significant challenges in the crop-growing. In this study, the focus was on creating a biodegradable film that combines the advantages of plastic film, thermal insulation and water retention, as well as the controlled release of fertilizer. A key innovation was the efficient introduction of low molecular weight and low dispersibility of poplar lignin into chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol matrices. The lignin was extracted using deep eutectic solvents of binary carboxylic acids (choline chloride and maleic acid). The refined lignin was used as a superhydrophobic additive to improve the mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and controlled nutrient release properties of the films through cross-linking. The mulch attained a tensile strength of 37.6 MPa, an elongation of 644.1 %, and a precise release of 53.1 % urea over 30 d at the ideal lignin content ratio (10 %). Furthermore, the film proficiently regulated soil temperature and moisture content. Successful enhancement of cabbage growth was achieved by actual measurements. This discovery provides innovative ideas for the development of nutrient slow-release high-strength integrated agricultural mulching films to promote sustainable, high-quality green agriculture.

Acidity Reversal Enables Site-Specific Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides from Biprotonic Compounds.

Polyethers are versatile materials extensively used in advanced as well as everyday applications. The incorporation of primary amine functionality into polyethers is particularly attractive due to its well-established coupling chemistries. However, the inherent nucleophilicity of amine group poses a challenge in the anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of epoxides and requires the use of robust protecting groups that can withstand the harsh conditions of ROP without triggering undesirable side reactions. In this work, we present streamlined synthesis of amino-functionalized polyethers using classic N-carbamate-protected aminoalcohols as initiators for the ROP of epoxides. A Lewis acid-excess two-component organocatalytic system is found to trigger efficient anionic ROP of epoxides while preserving the integrity of the carbamate protection. Despite the higher intrinsic acidity of the carbamate group compared to the hydroxyl group, it is noncompetitive in both the deprotonation and ring-opening steps. This is due to an intriguing acidity-reversing effect of the catalyst, which allows site-specific ethoxylation to proceed exclusively from the hydroxyl group. The resulting poly(propylene oxide) and poly(ethylene oxide) exhibit the targeted molar mass, low dispersity, and well-defined end groups. The fidelity of the amino functionalities is further corroborated and utilized in construction of polypeptoide-based hybrid block copolymers using the synthesized polyethers as macroinitiators.

Recyclable Nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI)-Catalyst-Mediated Sustainable Photopolymerization of Glycidyl Methacrylate in Ionic Liquid and Functional Copolymers Thereof.

Utilization of reusable catalysts and reaction media has recently been an area of interest to devise a sustainable approach. Interestingly, photoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) is achieved with reusable and magnetically separable nano zero-valent Iron (nZVI). This resulted in well-defined poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) (upto 22700g mol-1) with a low dispersity (Đ ≤ 1.20). Using an ionic liquid and a straightforward low-cost technique, three different copolymers: poly(glycidyl methacrylate-random-dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate) poly(GMA-r-DMAEMA), poly(glycidyl methacrylate-random-methyl methacrylate) poly(GMA-r-MMA) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate-random-styrene) poly(GMA-r-St) are produced, all without the need for traditional photoinitiators. The response of the poly(GMA-r-DMAEMA) to pH variations is evaluated.

A Pseudo-Block Copolymerization Access to Cyclic Alternating Copolymers through Segment-Selective Transesterification.

Efficient synthesis of cyclic polymers remains a frontier challenge. We report here that macromolecular transesterification during a pseudoblock copolymerization process can be utilized for such a purpose. Organobase-catalyzed ring-opening alternating copolymerization of 3,4-dihydrocoumarin and epoxide is conducted with four-armed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a macroinitiator. Intramolecular transesterification (backbiting) occurs selectively on the newly formed polyester segments. The disconnected cyclic alternating copolymers can be easily isolated by precipitation owing to their substantial solubility difference from the PEO-containing acyclic parts. The obtained cyclic alternating copolymers exhibit low dispersity (<1.2) and a molar mass of around 3 kg mol-1, irrespective of the monomer-to-initiator feed ratio, indicating thermodynamic control over the ring size. The macrocyclic structure is confirmed by both mass spectroscopy and microscopic visualization and then utilized to prepare cyclic-brush terpolymer by thiol-ene modification, followed by graft polymerization of propylene oxide.

Antimicrobial Polymer via ROMP of a Bioderived Tricyclic Oxanorbornene Lactam Derivative.

The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria represents a critical global health threat, underscoring the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies beyond conventional antibiotics. In this study, we report the synthesis of novel biobased antimicrobial polymers bearing quaternary ammonium salts, derived from sustainable feedstocks, maleic anhydride, dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and furfurylamine. The functional tricyclic oxanorbornene lactam monomer is polymerized via ring opening metathesis polymerization, yielding well-defined polymers with controlled molar masses and low dispersity. Structural characterization is performed using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the polymerization kinetics is monitored by online 1H NMR spectroscopy. The quaternized biobased polymers demonstrate potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against three clinically isolated MDR bacterial strains. They exhibit minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) that are significantly lower than those of several conventional antibiotics while also showing low hemolytic activity toward mammalian cells. This study highlights the potential of bioderived ROMP polymers as promising, sustainable antimicrobial polymers for combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance.

High-order multilayer-coated blazed grating for a high-transmission and high-resolution tender X-ray monochromator/spectrometer

Grating optics lie in the heart of X-ray spectroscopy instruments. The low efficiency and angular dispersion of conventional single-layer-coated gratings significantly limit the transmission and energy resolution of monochromators and spectrometers, particularly in the tender X-ray region (E=1−5 keV). Multilayer-coated blazed gratings (MLBGs) operating at high diffraction orders offer the advantage of achieving both high efficiency and high dispersion simultaneously. Tender X-ray monochromators and spectrometers using different high-order MLBGs have been designed, all demonstrating one to two orders of magnitude higher transmission compared to conventional systems. By employing a 2400 l/mm MLBG at the −4th or −8th diffraction order, the theoretical energy resolution of the instrument is improved by two to three times at 2.5 keV. Two MLBGs operating at the −2nd and −4th orders have been fabricated, showcasing remarkable efficiencies of 34%–12% at 2.5 keV, surpassing that of single-layer-coated gratings by an order of magnitude. Further optimization of manufacturing accuracy can yield even higher efficiencies. The measured angular dispersion agrees well with theoretical predictions, supporting the potential for high resolution. High-order MLBG optics pave the way for a new generation of tender X-ray monochromators/spectrometers that offer both high transmission and high resolution.

Oxygen-Driven Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization.

In traditional atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), oxygen must be meticulously eliminated due to its propensity to quench radical species and halt the polymerization process. Additionally, oxygen oxidizes the lower-valent Cu catalyst, compromising its ability to activate alkyl halides and propagate polymerization. In this study, we present an oxygen-driven ATRP utilizing alkylborane compounds, a method that not only circumvents the need for stringent oxygen removal but also exploits oxygen as an essential cofactor to promote polymerization. This approach exhibits broad compatibility in organic or aqueous media, yielding well-defined polymers with low dispersity (Đ as low as 1.11) and molecular weights closely aligned with theoretical values. Triethylborane (Et3B) and its air-stable triethylborane-amine complex (Et3B-DMAP) facilitate controlled polymerization under open-to-air conditions, demonstrating efficiency across a wide range of monomers. Moreover, the technique enables the successful synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates and supports surface modifications of nanoparticles and silicon wafers under aerobic conditions. This oxygen-driven ATRP represents a robust and versatile platform for precision polymerization with far-reaching implications in materials science, biomedicine, and advanced surface engineering.

Behavior of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recki confronted to a combination of plants and food: pollen, Tetranychus urticae and Aculops lycopersici for companion plant use.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recki feeds on pest mites on tomato plants and its introduction into crops via companion plants, Mentha suaveolens and Phlomis fruticosa, has been recently investigated. This study aims at assessing the predator arrestment behavior, through lab choice tests to determine the effects of (i) prey (Aculops lycopersici and Tetranychus urticae) vs Typha angustifolia pollen deposited on companion plant or Solanum nigrum, (ii) T. urticae vs A. lycopersici on S. nigrum and (ii) M. suaveolens vs P. fruticosa using pollen as food source. The predator position, the number of eggs laid and the number of T. urticae eggs consumed were assessed during 4 days. The predator was more observed on leaf discs with A. lycopersici vs pollen when the pollen was deposited on S. nigrum and M. suaveolens, but was more found on leaf discs with pollen on P. fruticosa. It was equally found on leaf discs with T. urticae vs pollen for all the plants tested. No difference in predator arrestment behavior was noted between A. lycopersici and T. urticae, but a higher proportion was observed on leaf discs with A. lycopersici at the beginning of the experiment than at the end. Finally, the predator was more observed on leaf discs of P. fruticosa than of M. suaveolens. The highest fecundity was observed in systems with pollen and A. lycopersci + pollen, and the lowest with T. urticae + pollen; T. urticae consumption was not different with pollen or A. lycopersici. The predator less arrested on pollen vs A. lycopersici that provides a high fecundity; however, surprisingly it was more attracted to pollen vs a prey T. urticae, questioning the cues perceived by T. (A.) recki. The strong preference for P. fruticosa without prey vs S. nigrum with prey or M. suaveolens with pollen, suggests for the second time for Phytoseiidae, direct effects of plant (may be via odors) and questions the ecological advantages of such a behavior. For practical issues, M. suaveolens would be a better bank plant than P. fruticosa; an arrestment on patches of A. lycopersici within tomato plant is expected even if pollen is present and in case of T. urticae infestation a low dispersal to this prey will probably occur, questioning the interest to use T. (A.) recki in combination with other Phytoseiidae species, specialized in T. urticae predation, as Phytoseiulus persimilis.

Paleomagnetic data from volcanic rocks in the southern Central Andes of Argentina and their implications for tectonics and geomagnetic field behavior

Abstract A paleomagnetic study of basaltic lava flows exposed in the northern Neuquén Cordillera, southernmost Central Andes, along the Antiñir-Copahue fault zone (ACFZ), involved 25 sites of the Cola de Zorro Formation (Pliocene–Early Pleistocene) along two different sections. The sites show exclusive normal polarity, corresponding to the Late Pliocene Gauss chron (3.6–2.6 Ma). The angular standard deviation of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs; ASD = 14.8°) is consistent with the expected values from recent geomagnetic models, in opposition to anomalously low dispersion found in previous studies in Pleistocene VGPs of reverse polarity from neighboring areas to our study zone. Mean paleomagnetic directions for Bella Vista (Dec = 0.0°, Inc = −50.0°, α₉₅ = 7.6°, K = 36.7, N = 11) and Río Huaraco sections (Dec = 354.9°, Inc = −57.0°, α₉₅ = 7.5°, K = 55.7, N = 8) do not show tectonic rotation around vertical axes. Combining and regrouping our and previous data by area confirmed the absence of tectonic rotations in the Huaraco-Trohunco block and a statistically significant clockwise rotation of 14.4° ± 10.3° of three adjacent tectonic blocks located south of our study locality in Pleistocene times. These results suggest that strike-slip deformation along some sections of the ACFZ was significant in the Pleistocene structural evolution of this region.

Fine tuning enzyme activity assays for monitoring the enzymatic hydrolysis of PET

Efficient monitoring of the enzymatic PET-hydrolysis is crucial for developing novel plastic-degrading biocatalysts. Herein, we aimed to upgrade in terms of accuracy the analytical methods useful for monitoring enzymatic PET-degradation. For the HPLC-based assessment, the incorporation of an internal standard within the analytic procedure enabled a more accurate quantification of the overall TPA content and the assessment of molar distributions and relative content of each aromatic degradation product. The provided calibration curves cover a broad concentration range, from µM to low mM scale, facilitating assessment of both lower and higher PETase activities, with a limit of detection positioned below the reported PET-degrading activities. The increased reproducibility and accuracy of the improved HPLC method, compared to the previous methods, was supported by lower dispersion of product concentrations and their lower deviation from theoretical values over multiple measurements. The other predominantly employed UV-spectroscopy assay was also improved in terms of employed wavelength and medium extinction coefficient of the three aromatic degradation products, while being cross-validated by the improved HPLC method. Finally, both methods were used for monitoring the product formation within the leaf-branch compost cutinase (LCC)-mediated PET-hydrolysis and provided individual time-productivity profiles for each aromatic degradation product.

A Filtered Embedded Weighted Compact Non‐Linear Scheme for Hyperbolic Conservation Law

ABSTRACTIn situations where a wide range of flow scales are involved, the non‐linear scheme should be capable of both shock capturing and low‐dissipation. Most of the existing Weighted Compact Non‐linear Schemes (WCNS) are too dissipative and incapable of achieving fourth‐order for the two smooth stencils located on the same side of a discontinuity due to the weight deviations and the defect of the weighting strategy. In this paper, a novel filtered embedded WCNS is introduced for complex flow simulations involving both shock and small‐scale structures. To overcome the above deficiency of existing WCNS, a pre‐discrete mapping function is proposed to filter the weight deviation out and amend the inappropriate weights to ideal weights in smooth regions. Meanwhile, the embedded process is also implemented by this function, which is utilized to improve the resolution of shock capturing in certain discontinuity distributions. The pre‐discrete mapping function is also extended to the WENO framework. The approximate‐dispersion‐relation analysis indicates that the scheme with the mapping function has lower dispersion and dissipation error than the WCNS‐JS, WCNS‐Z, and WCNS‐T schemes. Numerical results show that WCNS with the new non‐linear weights captures discontinuities sharply without obvious oscillation, has a higher resolution than other non‐linear schemes, and has an obvious advantage in capturing small‐scale structures.

Guided Personalized Surgery (GPS) in Posterostabilized Total Knee Replacement: A Radiological Study.

Background: Surgical accuracy in total knee replacement (TKR) may vary with the surgeon, the patient preoperative deformity, and the guiding system to perform the procedure. Navigation systems attempt to increase the intraoperative information the surgeon requires to make the appropriate decisions, sometimes associating cumbersome procedures and unclear effectiveness to place the implant more precisely than conventional instruments. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study with prospective data collection of radiographic measurements (alignment, joint line and patellar height) in a sample of 100 consecutive patients receiving TKR Optetrak Logic PS, either with standard surgical technique with Trulion Instrumentation (n = 59) or with the Guided Personalized Surgery (GPS) system (n = 41). Results: The GPS group improved the alignment of the mechanical Lateral Distal Femoral Angle (mLDFA) in 1.6° compared to the control (p = 0.003), but not evident in the mechanical Medial Proximal Tibial Angle (mMPTA) (p = 0.132). The GPS system achieved a normal patellar height in 98% of cases, according to the Blackburne-Peel Index (BP), compared to 71% in the control group (p = 0.002). This was obtained in the femoral side, as measured in the Epicondylar Ratio (ER) (p = 0.004). A lower dispersion of postoperative measurements was observed in the GPS group in comparison with the control, being statistically significant in mMPTA (p = 0.000), CD-Index (p = 0.011), IS-Index (p = 0.002), mIS-Index (p = 0.008), BP-Index (p = 0.011), and ER (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Better post-surgical restoration of joint line and patellar height is observed in surgeries performed with the GPS system, as well as a tendency to more accurate mechanical alignment and lower inter-patient variability, suggesting higher reproducibility.

Effect of Alloying Metal Elements on the Valence Band of β-Ga2O3: A First-Principles Study.

β-Ga2O3 is a candidate semiconductor material for high-power electronics due to its ultrawide bandgap and high Baliga's figure of merit. However, its p-type doping is extremely difficult because of its low and flat band dispersion at its valence band maximum (VBM). A few reports have predicted that the VBM of β-Ga2O3 can be enhanced via alloying a specific metal (M), which enables p-type conduction. To fully understand the M regulation on the valence band of β-Ga2O3, 49 different M-alloyed β-Ga2O3 i.e., β-(M0.125Ga0.875)2O3, are investigated in this work through first-principles calculations. The alloys' configurations and electronic structures are found dependent more on the group number of M. The β-(M0.125Ga0.875)2O3 members with Ms in groups 3, 9, 13, and 15 and the Ms of Be, Cr, and Fe are semiconductors. The VBMs' energies are enhanced by more than 1 eV in the β-(M0.125Ga0.875)2O3 for the Ms of Rh, Ir, Sb, and Bi because these VBMs are newly formed by the orbital hybridization of the Ms and neighboring oxygen atoms. The band dispersions at VBMs generally become steeper, especially for Ms in groups 13 and 15. The average hole effective mass in β-(Al0.125Ga0.875)2O3 is only 3.43% of that in the β-Ga2O3. It is believed that the reduced hole effective mass and increased VBMs' energies make the p-type doping easier in these alloys and the applications of the alloys wider.

Long period fiber gratings in anti-resonant hollow core fiber

Abstract Long period gratings, based on anti-resonant hollow core fibers (AR-HCFs), are fabricated using a high-frequency CO2 laser pulse by carving periodic grooves. This device exhibits both axial strain and bending sensing characteristics. Benefiting from the low thermal sensitivity and radiation resistance characteristic of AR-HCFs, this grating can be utilized in extreme environments, particularly in the high-radiation environment, such as nuclear power plants and space shuttles. Additionally, due to the characteristics of AR-HCFs, including low latency, low dispersion, low nonlinearity, and high damage threshold, this device also serves for long-distance fiber communication and high-power laser pulse shaping.

Light-propelled dimeric micro-rotor in a binary critical mixture

Industrial motors produce either linear or rotational motion, and enabling these engines on micrometer scales would have significant technological implications in the biomedical, biochemical, nanoscience, and nanotechnology areas. In this paper, we report a colloidal dimeric micro-rotor consisting of a pivot particle (isotropic dielectric particle) joined to a carbon Janus particle (anisotropic particle) embedded in a critical mixture. The two particles forming this dimer are trapped and illuminated by an optical tweezer, respectively. The carbon Janus particle heats its surroundings, producing a demixing flow that results in directed rotational motion. The pivot ensures the stability of the dimer’s rotation motion, allowing for a clean circular trajectory with low dispersion between cycles. This system converts thermal energy from the absorption of light by the carbon Janus particle into mechanical rotational work. By adjusting the laser power input energy, we obtained rotational work values ranging from 3300 to 270 kBT per cycle. However, there is a limit in the laser power that induces rotation, which depends on the balance between trapping and demixing forces required for stable rotation. This paper provides an efficient method to construct a rotational micro-rotor with a stable motion (standard deviation = 0,03 µm) for nano and micro devices.

EFEITO DAS DOSES DE DEJETO LÍQUIDO DE SUÍNOS NOS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS, QUÍMICOS E ELETROQUÍMICOS EM UM LATOSSOLO DO CERRADO

EFFECT OF LIQUID SWINE WASTEWATER DOSES ON PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN A CERRADO OXISOL. The addition of organic residues enhances soil and plant organic matter and nutrient content. To gauge the impact of varying liquid swine waste (LSW) levels on soil, we studied changes in a clayey Oxisol’s physical, chemical, and electrochemical traits from the Cerrado. LSW doses (0, 50, 150, 450, 600 m3 ha-1) were applied to the 0-0.20 m layer in a randomized design with three replicates. Post a 30-day incubation at 60% field capacity, the soil underwent mineralogical, physical (clay dispersed in water - CDW), chemical (sodium adsorption ratio - SAR, cation exchange capacity - CEC, base saturation - V%), and electrochemical (pH in H2O and KCl, ∆pH, point of zero charge - PZC, point of zero salt effect - PZSE, surface electric potential - ψo, and electrical conductivity - EC) analyses. The levels of exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, Na, and available P increased with increasing LSW doses. Increasing LSW doses in the soil led to an increase in EC, but soil salinization was not observed at the highest dose. With the application of LSW doses, there was a decrease in pH, ∆pH, PZSE, and an increase in CEC, PZC and ψo. Despite the increase in ψo, low clay dispersibility was observed.

Low concentration graphene oxide dispersion for hole transport layer in carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Low concentration graphene oxide dispersion for hole transport layer in carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Unlocking the Performance of Next-generation Non-volatile Capacitive Memory Devices with Ti-doped ZnO Nano Wires via Pulsed Laser Deposition

This paper investigates the impact of titanium (Ti) doping on zinc oxide (ZnO) nano wires (NWs) in non-volatile capacitive memory devices (NVCMDs) through fabrication and characterizations. ZnO NWs were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), while Ti thin film (TF) was deposited via electron beam evaporation (e-beam). Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM) confirmed the formation of ZnO NWs and Ti-doped ZnO NWs (Ti:ZnO NWs) on an n-type silicon (Si) substrates, with elemental compositions determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Structural characterization was conducted on the samples using high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). Gold (Au) interdigitated electrodes (IDE) were employed to fabricate two distinct devices: Au IDE/ZnO NWs and Au IDE/Ti:ZnO NWs. Comparative analysis revealed that the Au IDE/Ti:ZnO NWs device exhibited a lower frequency dispersion fd value (0.025×109 F) compared to Au IDE/ZnO NWs device (0.029×109 F), indicating enhanced signal propagation due to Ti doping. The Au IDE/Ti:ZnO NWs device also demonstrated a high free charge carrier donor concentration ND value of 2.02×1012 /cm3, a significant trap concentration Nt value of 4.44×1011 /cm3 at an 8MHz frequency response. Additionally, it exhibited lower tangent loss (tan(δ)) value of 7430, maximum conductance Gmmax value of 13.40 mS, lower interface trap state density (ITSD) value of 2.05×1014 eV1 cm2, a maximum memory window (∆VMW) of 6.9V at ±15V, improved endurance, and superior data retention, making the Au IDE/Ti:ZnO NWs device a promising candidate for next-generation NVCMDs applications.