Low-density Areas Research Articles

Microfluidic fabrication of inhalable large porous microspheres loaded with H2S-releasing aspirin derivative for pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently emerged as a novel gaseous mediator with protective actions in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the therapeutic potential of H2S in PAH has been substantially hampered due to the lack of appropriate donors that could mimic the slow and continuous generation of H2S in vivo. Large porous microspheres (LPMs) have low density and large surface area leading to excellent absorption capabilities and aerodynamic properties. They are extensively studied as pulmonary delivery carriers for controlled and sustained release of drug molecules in the treatment of pulmonary disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that LPMs containing H2S-releasing aspirin derivative (ACS14), a novel synthetic H2S donor may be a feasible option to facilitate the use of H2S in PAH treatment. LPMs were prepared with a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) by a microfluidic technique. Surface morphology, lung deposition characteristics, safety and H2S release profiles of the formulation were evaluated. The resulting ACS14-containing LPMs (ACS14 MSs) displayed excellent aerodynamic properties (mass median aerodynamic diameter of 4.4 ± 0.4 μm), desirable drug loading and entrapment efficiency (25.8 ± 2.7% and 77.4 ± 6.9%, respectively) with slow and sustained H2S release for 24 h and negligible cytotoxicity (~95% cell viability). Daily intratracheally administered with ACS14 MSs elicited improvement in the severity of PAH in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced PAH, with comparable efficacy to oral administration with sildenafil, a conventional PAH treatment. It also inhibited the process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), an important process in vascular remodeling of PAH by suppressing the induction of NF-κB-Snail pathway. Moreover, ACS14 MSs dose-dependently inhibited TGF-β1-induced EndMT and the activation of NF-κB-Snail pathway in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that the designed microfluidics-assisted ACS14-containing LPMs have shown great potential to be used as an inhalable and efficacious H2S donor in the treatment of PAH.

Bridging of different sites by bohemians and tourists: analysis by agent-based simulation

Individuals often aggregate in areas of high density where they can form profitable social networks. Individuals of few resources cannot manage the high costs of density and are displaced into areas of low density. The lifestyle of bohemian and tourist may increase the profits of all parties and shrink inequalities among sites. Since these lifestyles are possible only for the rich, this phenomenon may further expand inequality. To test the effects of the lifestyle of bohemian and tourist on inequality, we run an agent-based simulation (ABS) in which some agents (individuals) select only their residence sites (singular) and others select two sites for their residence and visits (dual), paying additive costs. The ABS demonstrates that when we increase the number of duals, all agents gain higher profits, and inequalities among agents of different sites decrease. The ABS also demonstrates that any agent evolves to a dual when the costs of density and travel are small. Further research could consider the possibility of the dual lifestyle by conducting studies on groups of bohemians and tourists.

Sunshine environment in different forms of communities in Guiyang, China.

In this study, six different types of residential areas in Guiyang were selected as the research objects, including high-rise high-density, high-rise low-density, middle-rise high-density, middle-rise low-density, low-rise high-density and low-rise low-density. The indices of sunshine compliance rate and the building's sunshine hour ratio were constructed to compare and analyze sunshine environment across those six different residential areas. The factors influencing sunshine environment in different residential areas were studied. The results showed that the average sunshine compliance rates of the six types of residential areas were 36.9%, 61.9%, 20.6%, 69.6%, 26.5% and 45.0%, respectively. The average sunshine compliance rate of low-density residential areas was 2.25 times higher than that of high-density residential areas within the same type, among which the sunshine environment of low-density residential areas was better. The sunshine environment of different types of low-density residential areas was different. The sunshine hours for high-rise low-density and middle-rise low-density forms were concentrated in 5-6 hours, while the building's sunshine hour ratio was 0.24 and 0.32, respectively. The sunshine hours for low-rise low-density forms were mainly 6-7 hours, with a building's sunshine hour ratio of 0.28. Compared with other types of residential areas, the low-rise low-density type of sunlight environment was the best. The plot ratio was significantly positively correlated with the building's sunlight ratio of 0-1 h sunlight hours in the residential area.

Formation of the Hub–Filament System G33.92+0.11: Local Interplay between Gravity, Velocity, and Magnetic Field

Abstract The formation of filaments in molecular clouds is an important process in star formation. Hub–filament systems (HFSs) are a transition stage connecting parsec-scale filaments and protoclusters. Understanding the origin of HFSs is crucial to reveal how star formation proceeds from clouds to cores. Here we report James Clerk Maxwell telescope POL-2 850 μm polarization and IRAM 30 m C18O (2–1) line observations toward the massive HFS G33.92+0.11. The 850 μm continuum map reveals four major filaments converging to the center of G33.92+0.11 with numerous short filaments connecting to the major filaments at local intensity peaks. We estimate the local orientations of filaments, magnetic field, gravity, and velocity gradients from observations, and we examine their correlations based on their local properties. In the high-density areas, our analysis shows that the filaments tend to align with the magnetic field and local gravity. In the low-density areas, we find that the local velocity gradients tend to be perpendicular to both the magnetic field and local gravity, although the filaments still tend to align with local gravity. A global virial analysis suggests that the gravitational energy overall dominates the magnetic and kinematic energy. Combining local and global aspects, we conclude that the formation of G33.92+0.11 is predominantly driven by gravity, dragging and aligning the major filaments and magnetic field on the way to the inner dense center. Traced by local velocity gradients in the outer diffuse areas, ambient gas might be accreted onto the major filaments directly or via the short filaments.

Auto-programmed synthesis of metallic aerogels: Core-shell Cu@Fe@Ni aerogels for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

Abstract Porous metallic aerogels are a new class of cutting-edge materials useful in catalysis because they combine high conductivity with low density and high surface area. However, the exploration of transition metal-based aerogels with core-shell architectures remains a fundamental challenge. Here, we report a one-step auto-programmed synthesis method to generate a core-shell Cu@Fe@Ni metallic aerogel. Electroactivating (EA) the core-shell Cu@Fe@Ni causes the Fe inner shell to migrate into the Ni outer shell and forms a highly-active catalytic hydroxide on the surface of the aerogel. The resulting EA-Cu@Fe@Ni catalysts exhibited a low OER overpotential of 240 mV at 10 mA cm-2, which is much smaller than bimetallic CuNi (320 mV), CuFe (390 mV), and RuO2 (271 mV). In-situ Raman measurements confirm that the catalyst’s outer layer is composed of NiOOH doped with Fe during the electrochemical activation process, resulting in the high OER performance. This work describes the first example of a trimetallic core-shell aerogel synthesized in one step and enables another strategy for designing highly active metals/metal oxide electrocatalysts via surface reconstruction.

How do low-income commuters get to work in US and Mexican cities? A comparative empirical assessment

This paper applies multinomial logit models to examine how metropolitan urban form, housing type and socioeconomic factors covary with individuals’ commute mode choice for 1.2 million low-income workers in the USA and Mexico. Comparing the commute patterns of low-income households across the USA–Mexico border sheds light on the consistency of estimated relationships across global contexts and the likely transferability of transportation and land use policies from the Global North to the Global South. We find many common relationships on each side of the border, despite substantial socioeconomic and urban differences. For example, wealthier and better-educated low-income workers in low-density metropolitan areas with substantial road supply are more likely to drive to work and less likely to use active modes. We also find some considerable differences between the magnitude and even direction of associations between predictor variables and commuter mode choice. In terms of public policy, efforts to reduce driving or promote compact development are more likely to reduce driving and more likely to be pro-poor in Mexico than in the USA. In Mexico, just 13% of low-income workers commute by car and dense urban form is relatively strongly associated with increases in transit, non-motorised modes and working at home. High rates of driving and auto-oriented urban form make policies to reduce driving particularly likely to be regressive in most US metropolitan areas.

Feasibility of using a commercial collapsed cone dose engine for 1.5T MR-LINAC online independent dose verification.

To validate the feasibility and accuracy of commonly used collapsed cone (CC) dose engine for Elekta Unity 1.5T MR-LINAC online independent dose verification. The Unity beam model was built and commissioned in RayStation treatment planning system with CC dose engine. Four AAPM TG-119 test plans were created and measured with ArcCHECK phantom for comparison, another thirty patient plans from six tumor sites were also included. The dosimetric criteria for various ROIs and 3D gamma passing rates were quantitatively evaluated, and the effects of magnetic field and dose deposition type on the dose difference between two systems were further analyzed. ArcCHECK based measurement showed a clear magnetic field induced profile shift between CC with both measurement and GPUMCD. For clinical plans, gamma passing rates with criteria (3%, 3mm) between GPUMCD and CC large than 90% can be achieved for most tumor sites except esophagus and lung cases, the mean dose difference of 3% can be satisfied for most ROIs from all tumor sites. The magnetic field caused a large dose impact on low density areas, the average gamma passing rates were improved from 85.54% to 96.43% and 87.40% to 99.54% for esophagus and lung cases when the magnetic field effect was excluded. It is feasible to use CC dose engine as a secondary dose calculation tool for Elekta Unity system for most tumor sites, while the accuracy is limited and should be used carefully for low density areas, such as esophagus and lung cases.

Double Loop Network for Combined Heating and Cooling in Low Heat Density Areas

This study investigated a double loop network operated with ultra-low supply/return temperatures of 45/25 °C as a novel solution for low heat-density areas in Denmark and compared the proposed concept with a typical tree network and with individual heat pumps to each end-users rather than district networks. It is a pump-driven system, where the separate circulation of supply and return flow increased the flexibility of the system to integrate and displace heating and cooling energy along the network. Despite the increased use of central and local water pumps to operate and control the system, the simulated overall pump energy consumption was 0.9% of the total energy consumption. This was also an advantage at the design stage as the larger pressure gradient, up to 570 Pa/m, allowed minimal pipe diameters. In addition, the authors proposed the installation of electrically heated vacuum-insulated micro tanks of 10 L on the primary side of each building substation as a supplementary heating solution to meet the comfort and hygiene requirements for domestic hot water (DHW). This, combined with supply water circulation in the loop network, served as a technical solution to remove the need for bypass valves during summer periods with no load in the network. The proposed double loop system reduced distribution heat losses from 19% to 12% of the total energy consumption and decreased average return temperatures from 33 °C to 23 °C compared to the tree network. While excess heat recovery can be limited due to hydraulic issues in tree networks, the study investigated the double loop concept for scenarios with heat source temperatures of 30 °C and 45 °C. The double loop network was cost-competitive when considering the required capital and operating costs. Furthermore, district networks outperformed individual heat pump solutions for low-heat density areas when waste heat was available locally. Finally, although few in Denmark envisage residential cooling as a priority, this study investigated the potential of embedding heating and cooling in the same infrastructure. It found that the return line could deliver cold water to the end-users and that the maximum cooling power was 1.4 kW to each end-user, which corresponded to 47% of the total peak heat demand used to dimension the double loop network.

River Microbiome Composition Reflects Macroscale Climatic and Geomorphic Differences in Headwater Streams

Maintaining the quality and quantity of water resources in light of complex changes in climate, human land use, and ecosystem composition requires detailed understanding of ecohydrologic function within catchments, yet monitoring relevant upstream characteristics can be challenging. In this study, we investigate how variability in riverine microbial communities can be used to monitor the climate, geomorphology, land-cover, and human development of watersheds. We collected streamwater eDNA and used 16S rRNA sequencing to profile microbiomes from headwaters to outlets of the Willamette and Deschutes basins, two large watersheds prototypical of Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Within each watershed, microbial community composition correlated strongly (mean Mantel test statistic r = 0.24 in Willamette, 0.17 in Deschutes) with development-related characteristics, including percentage impervious area and percentage of low, medium, and high density developed area. In the temperate Willamette basin, percentage of forest and shrublands (r = 0.34) and percentage of medium density developed area (r = 0.30) were among the strongest correlates with microbial community composition. In the arid Deschutes basin, however, geomorphic characteristics were the most strongly correlated to microbial community composition (e.g., r = 0.33 for topographic index, 0.29 for topographic relief). In headwater sub-catchments across both watersheds, microbial community assemblages correlated with catchment-scale climate and geomorphology (r = 0.45 and 0.23, respectively), but these relationships were weaker downstream. Our results build on previous work relating the streamwater microbiome to hydrologic regime and demonstrate that microbial eDNA in headwater streams additionally reflects the structural configuration of landscapes as well as other natural and anthropogenic processes upstream. Our results offer an encouraging indication that streamwater eDNA carries information not only about microbial ecology, but also can be a useful tool for monitoring multiple upstream watershed characteristics.

Crustal Density Inversion and Its Tectonic Structure in Badong-Zigui Area

Objectives The Badong-Zigui Basin is located in the west of the Three Gorges area, and it is surrounded by four different tectonic units: With the Xuefengshan thick-soil tectonic belt on the south, the Qinling orogenic belt on the north, the Huangling anticline on the east, and the eastern extension of the Sichuan Basin in the west. The Badong-Zigui basin is a north-south syncline structure, the sediments in the basin are dominated by Late Triassic-Late Turassic argillaceous rocks, and the special tectonic setting causes strong tectonic activities in the basin. Methods Using a three-dimensional gravity inversion algorithm based on Lagrangian multiplier constraints, the local Bouguer gravity anomaly in Badong-Zigui area is inverted, and the underground three-dimensional density structure of Badong-Zigui and adjacent areas is obtained. Results The inversion results show that the Zigui Basin is a low-density area compared with the surrounding area. The sedimentation thickness in the east is deeper than that in the west, and the sediment density is lower than that in the west. The small and medium earthquakes in the area are basically 4-12 km underground. Conclusions The north-south and north-east ancient water flows in the northern edge of the Zigui Basin successively provide sources for the sedimentation and filling of the basin, forming a structure with lower material density and deeper deposits in the eastern part of the basin; low-density materials in the east are transported and accumulated to the west in the basin. At the same time, it is squeezed by the eastward extension of the Sichuan Basin, and it is speculated that there is a tendency of east-west movement and compression in the basin.

Impetus of urban horticulture on open spaces: case of Mutare City

Purpose: To understand the impetus of urban horticulture in the Mutare city with explicit motivation on low density areas. Research methodology: The investigation was quantitative in nature, and used a random sample of urban farmers in Mutare city low density areas. The Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS Version 23) was used to analyse data from the questionnaires. Results: The results reveal that Mutare urban agricultural activities are driven by the need for food self-sufficient, income generation and utilisation of urban open spaces. Limitations: The research had limitations on the sample size and also needed to factor in other multiple response questions. Contributions: The findings are useful to urbanites, urban planners, developmental agents and authorities in the development of urban agriculture. Keywords: Urban horticulture, Urban agriculture, Mutare, Impetus, Food security

Developing a novel proximity analysis approach for assessment of waste management cost efficiency in low population density regions

Waste management system efficiency can be challenging to assess in regions with low population density or where data is only available at certain spatial resolutions. A novel spatial analysis approach is developed and applied in Nova Scotia, Canada to assess costs related to waste collection. Standard Deviational Ellipses are used to narrow areas of interest based on 14 administrative regions. Using these defined areas of interest, land (remote sensing) and infrastructure (vector) datasets are gathered. Pearson correlation is used to explore the relationships between the features and collection cost indicators. Two original indices are developed and analyzed: dwelling ratio (area of dwellings/total building area) and diversion-collection expenditure ratio. Results suggest that normalized difference vegetation index was positively related to collection cost while normalized difference built-up index was positively related to diversion indicators. Waste management facility distribution and road network significantly impact collection costs, and they are important in effective and efficient waste management system. Industrial indicators were also analyzed, and the number of utility towers was found to be related to collection costs. These findings suggest that geospatially dependent policies could be used to develop sustainable and economically efficient waste management systems in Nova Scotia and other low population density areas.

Association between residential greenness and general health among older adults in rural and urban areas in China

While it is widely recognized that exposure to residential greenness is beneficial to older adults’ health and wellbeing, surprisingly few studies have examined whether the health-promoting effect of residential greenness varies between urban and rural populations in China, a rapidly urbanizing country. In addition, most previous studies on residential greenness-health associations in China have used data collected in a particular city instead of the entire country, resulting in insufficient statistical power and inadequate generalizability. This study assessed the relationship between the amount of surrounding greenness at the township-level and self-rated general health at the individual-level among older adults across the entire country of China, using the geo-referenced micro-data sample of the 2010 China population census and multilevel logistic models. Results indicated that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was positively associated with self-rated health among all older people, and that the NDVI-health association was stronger in high-density urban areas relative to low-density urban areas and rural areas. Furthermore, the association was stronger for participants who were younger, higher-educated, and non-agricultural hukou holders. Our findings provide evidence in support of China’s recent endeavour to promote an eco-friendly and greener development strategy.

Temporal trends of physician geographical distribution and high and intermediate physician density areas and factors related to physicians’ movement to low physician density areas in Japan: a longitudinal study (1996–2016)

ObjectivesA major issue in Japan’s health policy is the geographical maldistribution of physicians. This study aimed to analyse temporal trends in the geographical distribution of physicians and analyse physicians in...

Application Value of CT Metal Artifact Correction Technology (MAC TM) in CT Review after Total Hip Replacement

To evaluate the application value of CT metal artifact correction technology (MAC TM) in CT review after total hip replacement. A total of 72 patients who underwent CT re-examination after total hip replacement from December 2018 to March 2020 were enrolled, and the original data were reconstructed by filter backup projection （FBP） and MAC. Select three identical levels in the two sets of reconstructed images and place the same ROI. The selected levels were the initial level, central level, and lower edge of acetabulum. Measure the CT and noise (SD) of metal high and low density artifacts of the three levels area, as well as metal hip joint space, metal para-bone tissue, muscle, bladder and subcutaneous fat, and calculate the average value. Subcutaneous fat value was used as a reference to calculate the SNR and CNR of metal implant para-bone tissue, muscle and bladder. Two radiologists scored the two groups of reconstructed images using blinded method, Kappa's test was used to compare the homogeneity. There were differences between the two groups of reconstructed images in high- and low-density artifact areas, joint gap CT values, and image noise. Compared with the FBP group, the CT value of the high-density area and the joint space of the MAC group decreased, the CT value of the low-density area increased, and the noise value of each area decreased. The SNR and CNR of metal adjacent bone tissue, muscle and bladder were higher in the MAC group than those in the FBP group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The difference in subjective scores between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=-6.564, P<0.05). 2 radiologists had moderate consistency with Kappa value of 0.72 on FBP group, and good consistency with Kappa value of 0.85 on MAC group. MAC TM in CT review after total hip replacement can reduce metal artifacts, make the joint space more clear, and improve the quality of CT images.

Knowledge spillovers between universities and companies of low-density territories

ABSTRACT This work aimed to examine and compare the role of three universities, inserted in low-density territories, in the co-creation of knowledge as well as the mechanisms used in its transfer to the business sector. Interviews were conducted with individuals in charge of innovation in the rectories of three Portuguese universities in low-density regions, as well as the heads of these organisations’ Industrial Liaison Offices. All three universities have strong links to the business community. This exchange also includes cost-sharing since the vast majority of research carried out in partnerships depends on funding from both National and European Community funds. The relations established between universities and companies are clearly a source of economic development in the regions, as companies lack the human or financial resources to develop innovative solutions. This study contributes to the existing empirical knowledge about how universities in low-density areas promote knowledge spillovers through research projects involving the business community.

The perception and disposal practices on unused and expired medicationsinan urban municipality, southwest Nigeria

Background: A drug is any formulation used in the prevention and treatment of a disease or condition. Pharmaceutical wastes results from the unused drugs posing a disposal challenge for the pharmacy and users. Studies have shown that drugs disposed of in the environment have health consequences and multiplier environmental risks. This study aims to determine and compare the management of Unused and Expired Medications (UEM) by households in a heterogeneous municipality in southwest Nigeria. Methods: The study comparative cross-sectional in nature, and multi-stage sampling technique identified the study population, who are women in households, assumed to be experienced in the handling and safekeeping of medications. The minimum sample size was 382 and recorded 97.4% response rate. Data management was achieved using the IBM-SPSS version 20. Continuous and categorical variables were presented in tables as mean (±SD), and proportions (percentages) with bar charts to highlight salient findings. Results: 72.9% and 66.7% of residents in the low-density (LD) and high-density (HD) settlements disposed of household unused solid medications in the thrash-bin. Likewise, 47.9% and 55.6% of respondents in the LD and HD areas, respectively disposed of their unused liquid medications in the trash-bin, respectively while 34.9% and 16.7% disposed of their unused liquid medications in the toilet/sink, respectively. Most respondents had good knowledge and had poor practice. However, there were significant differences in disposal methods used by households in LD and HD settlements for solid (p=0.0001) and liquid medications (p=0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: Respondents good knowledge and positive attitudes contrasted to poor practice on disposal of UEMs. There were disparities in the disposal of solid and liquid medications, respectively in LD and HD settlements. Appropriate legislation, and compliance monitoring and enforcement and are drivers to a formal, incentive driven recovery systems for UEMs and alleviate the consequences of current disposal practices in Nigeria.

Nickel/Nickel phosphide composite embedded in N-doped carbon with tunable electromagnetic properties toward high-efficiency microwave absorption

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derivative have drawn extensive attention in the field of microwave absorption for their various structure morphologies, low density and large surface areas. Herein, a novel multi-interfacial Nickel/Nickel phosphide composite embedded in N-doped carbon (Ni/NiP@NC) were successfully fabricated. The composition, magnetic properties and electromagnetic properties of the Ni/NiP@NC composite could be flexibly regulated by controlling the phosphorization degree. The Ni/NiP@NC composite exhibited excellent microwave absorption properties, with a minimum reflection loss (RL) value of about −56.1 dB at 17.2 GHz when the matching thickness was only 1.3 mm, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) was 16 GHz (2–18 GHz) by regulating the thickness of the absorber. Relying on the results above, it can be reasonably believed the Ni/NiP@NC composite could provide a novel effective approach to design the high-performance microwave absorbing materials, especially for the low-frequency microwave absorbing.

CA-Markov Chain Analysis of Seasonal Land Surface Temperature and Land Use Land Cover Change Using Optical Multi-Temporal Satellite Data of Faisalabad, Pakistan

Cellular Automata models are used for simulating spatial distributions and Markov Chain models are used for simulating temporal changes. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of urban growth on Faisalabad. This research is aimed at predicting seasonal Land-Surface-Temperature (LST) as well as Land-Use and Land-cover (LULC) with a Cellular-Automata-Markov-Chain (CA-Markov-Chain). Landsat 5, 7 and 8 data were used for mapping seasonal LULC and LST distributions during the months of May and November for the years 1990, 1998, 2004, 2008, 2013 and 2018. A CA-Markov-Chain was developed for simulating long-term landscape changes at 10-year time steps from 2018 to 2048. Furthermore, surface temperature during summers and winters were predicted well by Urban Index (UI), a non-vegetation index, demonstrating the highest correlation of R2 = 0.8962 and R2 = 0.9212 with respect to retrieved summer and winter surface temperature. Through the CA-Markov Chain analysis, we can expect that high density and low-density residential areas will grow from 22.23 to 24.52 km2 and from 108.53 to 122.61 km2 in 2018 and 2048, as inferred from the changes occurred from 1990 to 2018. Considering UI as the predictor of seasonal LST, we predicted that the summer and winter temperature 24–28 °C and 14–16 °C and regions would decrease in coverage from 10.75 to 3.14% and from 8.81 to 3.47% between 2018 and 2048, while the summer and winter temperature 35–42 °C and winter 26–32 °C regions will increase in the proportion covered from 12.69 to 24.17% and 6.75–15.15% of city.

Anisotropic electrospun honeycomb polycaprolactone scaffolds: Elaboration, morphological and mechanical properties

Tissue engineering technology requires porous scaffolds, based on biomaterials, which have to mimic as closely as possible the morphological and anisotropic mechanical properties of the native tissue to substitute. Anisotropic fibrous scaffolds fabricated by template-assisted electrospinning are investigated in this study. Fibers of electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) were successfully arranged spatially into honeycomb structures by using well-shaped 3D micro-architected metal collectors. Fibrous scaffolds present 2 × 4 mm2 wide elementary patterns with low and high fiber density areas. Distinct regions of the honeycomb patterns were analyzed through SEM images revealing different fiber diameters with specific fiber orientation depending on the regions of interest. Tensile test experiments were carried out with an optical observation of the local deformation at the pattern scale, allowing the determination and analysis, at small and large deformation, of the axial and transverse local strains. The honeycomb patterned mats showed significantly different mechanical properties along the two orthogonal directions probing an anisotropic ratio of 4.2. Stress relaxation test was performed on scaffolds at 15% of strain. This measurement pointed out the low contribution of the viscosity of about 20% in the mechanical response of the scaffold. An orthotropic linear elastic model was consequently proposed to characterize the anisotropic behavior of the produced patterned membranes. This new versatile method to produce architected porous materials, adjustable to several polymers and structures, will provide appealing benefits for soft regenerative medicine application and the development of custom-made scaffolds.