Low Decay Research Articles

N-Vacancy Enriched Porous BN Fibers for Enhanced Polysulfides Adsorption and Conversion in High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Severe shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides and sluggish redox kinetics have been thought of as the critical issues hindering the extensive applications of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, one-dimensional boron nitride (1D BN) fibers with abundant pores and sufficient N-vacancy defects were synthesized using a thermal crystallization following a pre-condensation step. The 1D structure of BN facilitates unblocked ions diffusion pathways during charge/discharge cycles. The embedded pores within the polar BN strengthen the immobilization of polysulfides via both physical confinement and chemical interaction. Moreover, the highly exposed active surface area and intentionally created N-vacancy sites substantially promote reaction kinetics by lowering the energy barriers of the rate-limiting steps. After incorporating with conductive carbon networks and elemental S, the as-prepared S/Nv-BN@CBC cathode of LSBs deliver an initial discharge capacity of up to 1347 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1, while maintaining a low decay rate of 0.03 % per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1600 mA g-1. This work offers an effective strategy to mitigate the shuttle effect and highlights the significant potential of defect-engineered BN in accelerating the reaction kinetics of LSBs.

Maximizing flow battery membrane performance via pseudo-nanophase separation enhanced by polymer supramolecular sidechain

Pseudo-nanophase separation, enabled by noncovalently grafted sidechains, offers a promising approach for constructing high-performance membranes, featuring rapid ion transport, robust chemical stability, and simplified manufacturing. However, striking a balance between ionic conductivity and mechanical/chemical stability proves challenging since excessive hydrophilic grafting leads to overswelling and compromised integrity of the membranes, rendering them unsuitable for demanding applications like vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). In this study, we describe a new approach for achieving high-performance VRFB membranes via employing polymer as supramolecular sidechains, rather than small molecules. This strategy achieves remarkable pseudo-nanophase separation while minimizing the utilization of functional (hydrophilic) sites. As a result, the resulting membranes exhibit exceptional robustness and proton conductivity, with an extraordinarily low area resistance of merely 0.11 Ω cm2, thus circumventing the prevailing trade-off between ionic conductivity and mechanical/chemical stability. Ultimately, VRFBs integrated with these membranes achieve energy efficiencies up to 80 % even at high current densities of 240 mA cm−2, accompanied by a remarkably low capacity decay rate of 0.064 % per cycle during long-cycle tests. This work not only achieves ultra-high conductivity with minimal functional groups, but also advances pseudo-nanophase separation strategies and provides valuable insights into optimized utilization of limited functional groups in membrane design.

Synergistic enhancements in Li-S batteries via hydroxylated CNTs conductive agent and CeO2/CNTs electrocatalyst

Li-S batteries offer high capacity and cost efficiency but face challenges like poor conductivity and shuttle effect. In response, this paper presents a synthetic approach using hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a conductive agent and CeO2/CNTs composites as an electrocatalyst within modified separators. This strategy yields significantly improves battery performance, achieving stable operation featuring an initial capacity of 828 mAh/g with an exceedingly low decay rate of 0.068 % per cycle through 500 cycles at a high rate of 4 C.

Remarkable chemical adsorption and catalysis of 3D self-supporting Zn-doped NiCo2O4 nanowires for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries are one of the most potential next-generation energy storage systems with high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) dissolution and shuttle effect limit their commercial application. Herein, the Zn-doped NiCo2O4 nanowires grown on carbon cloth (ZNCOCC) are prepared by hydrothermal method and as sulfur host. ZNCO nanowires consisting of stacked nanoparticles and abundant mesopores were grown vertically on carbon fibers. The mesoporous structure of ZNCOCC provides more space to accommodate sulfur and its volume change during charging and discharging, is conducive to electrolyte infiltration and maintains strong adsorption of LiPSs to ensure fast ion transport kinetics. The ZNCOCC displays higher Co3+/Co2+ and Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio compared to NCOCC, and the high-valent metal cations can provide more unsaturated electron orbitals for S binding, causing high adsorption of LiPSs. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Zn doping significantly reduces the band gap, improves the conductivity and increases the LiPSs adsorption energy of NCO. The ZNCOCC/Li2S8 displays a high specific capacity of 1184 mAh g−1 (0.1 C) and a low decay of 0.07 %/cycle after 500 cycles (2 C). This research reveals the rational design of a doped bimetal oxide nanostructure for the improvement of lithium-sulfur batteries.

Accelerating catalytic conversion and chemisorption of polysulfides for advanced Li-S batteries from incorporating Fe0.64Ni0.36@Co5.47N hetero-nanocrystals into boron carbonitride nanotubes

With the rapid development of large-scale clean energy, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage devices. In this manuscript, the polymetallic hetero-nanocrystal of iron nickel@cobalt nitride encapsulating into boron carbonitride nanotubes (Fe0.64Ni0.36@Co5.47N@BCN) was designed and optimized for use as a modified material for commercial polypropylene (PP) separators. The prepared Fe0.64Ni0.36@Co5.47N@BCN-12 hybrid material presents strong chemisorption and catalytic conversion capabilities, which endows the Fe0.64Ni0.36@Co5.47N@BCN-12//PP separator with enhanced polysulfide shuttling inhibition. The assembled Li-S cells with Fe0.64Ni0.36@Co5.47N@BCN-12//PP separators have minimized charge transfer resistance and faster redox kinetics. Additionally, cells with Fe0.64Ni0.36@Co5.47N@BCN-12//PP separator provide high reversible capacity of 674 mAh/g for 400 cycles at 0.5C and excellent cyclability for 1000 cycles at 2C with a low decay rate of 0.05 % per cycle. Therefore, this study provides a feasible functionalization route for improving the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries through separator modification.

Research on compound amidohydroxysulfobetaine foamer for high-temperature and high-salinity clastic reservoirs

A high-quality foaming agent should exhibit excellent solubility in formation water and strong foaming ability, while also meeting the requirements of stability under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions, as well as low adsorption capacity. This study explores the potential of amidohydroxysulfobetaine surfactant as a foaming agent in sandstone reservoirs under specific reservoir conditions of 110 ℃ and 25.0×104 mg/L salinity. The findings indicate that compounding EHSB with a small amount of LHSB to form LA13 significantly reduces the Krafft point of EHSB. Furthermore, LA13 demonstrates outstanding solubility in 25.0×104 mg/L brine and exhibits an overall adsorption capacity on quartz sand surfaces lower than 0.6 mg/g when its concentration is below 1.0 wt%. Performance evaluation of bulk foam for LA31 at concentrations ranging from 0.05 wt% to 0.4 wt% suggests that using a foaming agent concentration of 0.05 wt% results in relatively low foaming volume and foam decay half-life; however, consistent foaming performance is observed across other concentrations, leading to highly stable foam due to the compound system's higher surface dilational modulus being the primary factor contributing to foam stability. Flow experiments reveal that the foam generated in cores with permeabilities of 46.5 mD, 185.5 mD, 632.0 mD, and 2005.3 mD exhibits a high resistance factor when the concentration of LA13 exceeds 0.1 wt%, while also demonstrating commendable gas-channeling regulation capability. Therefore, it is recommended to use LA13 as a foaming agent for field applications when its concentration surpasses 0.1 wt%. Additionally, comparing the mobility of foam formed by concentrations of 0.1 wt% and 0.2 wt% LA13 in cores with varying permeabilities shows that LA13 exhibits selective mobility regulation specifically in cores with permeabilities lower than 632.0 mD.

Carbon Nanotube Supported Fluorine Substituted Iron Phthalocyanine Enabling Boosted Polysulfide Redox Conversion Kinetics and Cyclic Stability.

The sluggish transition and shuttle of polysulfides (LiPS) significantly hinder the application and commercialization of Li-S batteries. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported 10 nm sized iron Hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (FePcF16/CNTs) are prepared using a solid synthesis approach. The well-exposed FePcF16 molecular improve the LiPS capture efficiency and redox kinetics by its central Fe-N4 units and F functional groups. The strong electron withdraw F groups significantly promote the conjugate effect and decrease the steric hindrance during mass migration procedure. Distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analysis shows that the Fe-N4 units exhibit strong affinity towards LiPS and the F groups further improve the Li+ diffusion rate in Li2S nucleation and oxidation procedure, accomplishing a porous surface on cathode. As a result, the FePcF16/CNTs separator exhibits a high initial capacity of 1136.2 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C, outstanding rate capacity of 624.9 mAh g-1 at 5 C and superior long-term stability at 2 C surviving 300 cycles with a low capacity decay of 0.43 ‰ per cycle.

Tailoring N skeleton substituted cobalt phthalocyanine/reduced graphene oxide nanostructures for boosting redox kinetics and regulating Li2S nucleation enabled high rate performance of lithium-sulfur batteries

The shuttle and sluggish conversion kinetics of polysulfides (LiPS) significantly hinder the sulfur utilization and cycle performance of Li–S batteries. Herein, reduced Graphene Oxide supported Cobalt phthalocyanines(CoPc/rGO) and its skeleton Nitrogen substituent Cobalt Tetrapyridinoporphyrazine (CoTAP/rGO), are fabricated using a preform-solid synthesis process. When employed as separator modification, the CoTAP/rGO can capture and electrocatalyze LiPS by the active central Co–N4 units. And the Co–N4 sites are proved that can augment the LiPS redox kinetics especially the oxidation as well as the Li + diffusion rate. The introduced substituent N atoms in the skeleton match the LiPS redox ability and further enhance the Li + diffusion ability. Distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analysis shows that CoTAP nanoparticles can reduce the resistance of LiPS as well as Li + diffusion in Li2S precipitation procedure, accomplishing the loose three dimension deposition on cathode. As a result, the CoTAP/rGO separator exhibits a high initial capacity of 1132.7 mAh g−1 at 0.2C, excellent rate capacity of 672.5 mAh g−1 at 5C and superior long-term stability with a low capacity decay of 0.57 ‰ at 2C after 500 cycles.

Interfacial Modulation with Phosphorylated Covalent Organic Framework Enabling Highly Durable Sodium Metal Batteries in Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes

AbstractThe practical usage of Na metal anode is severely prohibited by the instability of the natively formed solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and the uncontrollable Na dendrite growth, inducing short cycle life and serious safety concerns. Herein, phosphorylated covalent organic frameworks (P‐COF) is first synthesized and rationally used to construct the robust artificial interface layer for Na metal stabilization. The modified Na metal anode demonstrates high rate performance (5 mA cm−2) and ultralong cycling lifespan (1800 h) with dendrite‐free Na deposition in carbonate‐based electrolyte. And the assembled Na|Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cell also reveals extraordinarily stable cycling at 5 C for 4000 cycles with a quite low decay rate of 0.002% per cycle. Moreover, the Na|NVP full cell with high areal capacity (2.0 mAh cm−2) and thin Na metal (30 µm) still demonstrates prolonged cycling over 500 cycles even under the harsh condition of a low negative‐to‐positive‐capacity (N/P) ratio of 2:3. Furthermore, the Na|NVP pouch cell with an ultrathick cathode (≈17 mg cm−2) also manifests significantly prolonged cycling performance. This work demonstrates a facile and effective strategy toward reliable Na metal batteries.

Chitin-Derived Hierarchical Meso- and Microporous Carbon Enables High-Rate Sulfur Cathode of Sodium-Sulfur Batteries.

Room temperature Na-S batteries are considered as a promising alternative energy storage system because of their abundant material resources and high theoretical energy density. However, the severe polysulfide shuttle effect and slow reaction kinetics hinder their practical application. Herein, a hierarchical meso- and microporous carbon with nitrogen self-doping (NSPC) is prepared using chitin as the carbon precursor and serves as a novel host to confine the sulfur (S⊂NSPC). An optimized structure of NSPC, including abundant graphite nanocrystals, large pore volume of 1.76 cm3 g-1, and large specific surface area of 2073 m2 g-1 is obtained at the carbonization temperature of 1000 °C. These merits contribute to significantly enhanced charge transfer and ion diffusion of the as-prepared S⊂NSPC-1000 cathode, which exhibits the outstanding sodium storage performance, including high reversible capacities of 1207 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and 891 mAh g-1 at 2 C and stable cycling with a low capacity decay for 400 cycles at 1 C, among other S⊂NSPC cathodes and previously reported cathodes for Na-S batteries. This cathode can also afford stable cycling at a high sulfur loading.

Quantifying the conductivity of a single polyene chain by lifting with an STM tip

Conjugated polymers are promising candidates for molecular wires in nanoelectronics, with flexibility in mechanics, stability in chemistry and variety in electrical conductivity. Polyene, as a segment of polyacetylene, is a typical conjugated polymer with straightforward structure and wide-range adjustable conductance. To obtain atomic scale understanding of charge transfer in polyene, we have measured the conductance of a single polyene-based molecular chain via lifting it up with scanning tunneling microscopy tip. Different from semiconducting characters in pristine polyene (polyacetylene), high conductance and low decay constant are obtained, along with an electronic state around Fermi level and characteristic vibrational mode. These observed phenomena result from pinned molecular orbital owing to molecule-electrode coupling at the interface, and weakened bond length alternation due to electron-phonon coupling inside single molecular chain. Our findings emphasize the interfacial characteristics in molecular junctions and promising properties of polyene, with single molecular conductance as a vital tool for bringing insights into the design and construction of nanodevices.

Axions and primordial magnetogenesis: the role of initial axion inhomogeneities

The relic density of dark matter in the ΛCDM model restricts the parameter space for a cosmological axion field, constraining the axion decay constant, the initial amplitude of the axion field and the axion mass. It is shown via lattice simulations how the relic density of axion-like particles with masses close to the one of the QCD axion is affected by axion-gauge field interactions and by initial axion inhomogeneities. For pre-inflationary axions, once the Hubble parameter becomes smaller than the axion mass, the latter starts to oscillate, and part of its energy density is spent producing gauge fields via parametric resonance. If the gauge fields are dark photons and Standard Model photons, the energy density of dark photons becomes higher than the one of the axion, while the high conductivity of the primordial plasma damps the oscillations of the photon field. Such a scenario allows for the production of small-scale, primordial magnetic fields, and it is found that the relic density of axions with a low decay constant are within the bounds set by the ΛCDM model, while GUT-scale axions are far too abundant. It is also shown that initial inhomogeneities of the axion field can change substantially the gauge field production, boosting or suppressing (depending on the axion parameters and couplings) the magnetogenesis mechanism with respect to an homogeneous axion field. It is found that when the axion mass is far lighter than the QCD axion model and the initial axion field is inhomogeneous, weak but cosmologically relevant magnetic field seeds can be generated on scales of the order of 0.1 kpc.

Light long-lived particles at the FCC-hh with the proposal for a dedicated forward detector FOREHUNT and a transverse detector DELIGHT

In this paper, we propose a dedicated forward detector, FOREHUNT (FORward Experiment for HUNdred TeV), for 100 TeV FCC-hh for the detection of light long-lived particles (LLP) coming from B-meson decay. We calculate the signal acceptance as a function of mass and proper decay length of the LLP for 100 TeV and interpret our result in terms of model parameters for models of dark Higgs scalar and heavy neutral leptons. We also compare the sensitivity with proposed transverse detectors like MATHUSLA, CODEX-b for HL-LHC, and DELIGHT (Detector for long-lived particles at high energy of 100 TeV) for FCC-hh. Our analysis reveals that if the LLP is light (≲4.4 GeV) and has a low proper decay length (<10 m), a forward detector like FOREHUNT is the best option to look for the decaying LLP, while DELIGHT is preferable for higher proper decay lengths. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Amorphous bimetallic-organic framework enable accelerated redox kinetics and polysulfide trapping for lithium-sulfur batteries

Severe polysulfide dissolution and shuttling during charging and discharging are the main challenges hindering the practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Constructing functional separators is considered as an economical and convenient way to suppress the shuttle effect and improve the kinetics of Li-S chemistry. In this work, partially ligand-deficient amorphous bimetallic MOF material (aFeNi-MOF) is designed via a ligand competition strategy and employed as a separator modifier. The aFeNi-MOF not only promotes the rapid transportation of ions, but also enhances the chemisorption and catalytic capability on sulfur species, enabling accelerated redox kinetics and polysulfide trapping in Li-S batteries. Consequently, the assembled coin cell using aFeNi-MOF-modified separator delivered a high reversible capacity of 931.1 mAh/g at 1C, a long cycle life of more than 500 cycles and a low capacity decay of 0.084 % per cycle. Meanwhile, the areal capacity of 3.70 mAh cm−2 can be achieved under a high sulfur loading of 4.5 mg cm−2 and low electrolyte usage, meeting the requirement of areal capacity for commercial applications of Li-S batteries.

The benzothiadiazole-based COF/CNT composite as host for efficient Li-S batteries with excellent cycling stability

The cycle stability and dynamic performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been major challenges, which primarily arise from the dissolution and migration of the soluble reaction intermediates during cycling, as well as the low conductivity of sulfur. In this study, a covalent organic framework containing heteroatoms (B/N/S) is uniformly wrapped on the outer surface of carbon nanotubes to form a nanocomposite (COF@CNT). The composite combines the excellent electrical conductivity of CNTs and the COF material containing evenly distributed heteroatoms that can adsorb and catalyze polysulfides. B atom on COF can be chemically adsorbed by the negatively charged SX2−, S and N atoms can interact with Li+ to reduce the “shuttle effect”. At the same time, the heteroatoms promote the liquid-to-solid phase conversion of the soluble long-chain Li2Sx (4 ≤ x ≤ 8), and the subsequent conversion of solid Li2S2 to Li2S, thereby enhancing the dynamic kinetics. As a cathode material, COF@CNT/S exhibits an initial specific capacity of 1176 mAh/g at 0.2 C, maintaining a capacity of 688 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at 1 C with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.7 %. Notably, a quite low capacity decay rate of 0.029 % per cycle has been achieved, making the COF@CNT/S cathode one of the most stable electrode material for Li-S batteries. This work provides insights into improving cycle performance of Li-S batteries, and also enriches the current study on host materials.

CaF2 nanoparticles enabling LiF-dominated solid electrolyte interphase for dendrite-free and ultra-stable lithium metal batteries

The uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites and severe interfacial parasitic reactions on the Li anode are the primary obstacles to the practical application of lithium (Li) metal batteries. Effective artificial solid electrolyte interphase is capable of regulating uniform Li deposition and isolateing Li from electrolyte, thereby eliminating parasitic reactions. Herein, we rationally design a uniform LiF-dominated solid electrolyte interphase through an in-situ reaction between CaF2 nanoparticles and the Li anode, which allows dendrite-free Li deposition and restrains interfacial deterioration. Accordingly, the protective Li electrode demonstrated exceptional stability, sustaining over 6000 h at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 in symmetric cells and attaining over 1000 cycles with a low capacity decay rate of 0.015 % per cycle in coupling with LiFePO4 cathodes.

Self-assembled 3D CoSe-based sulfur host enables high-efficient and durable electrocatalytic conversion of polysulfides for flexible lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the commercial applications are severely limited by the sluggish kinetics and shuttling effect. Herein, we have designed an integrated free-standing functional CoSe-CNF-GO-MXene (CCGM) sulfur host with a “point-line-plane” 3D porous structure for Li-S batteries. The two-dimensional (2D) graphene, MXene and one-dimensional (1D) nanocellulose fibers combined with zero-dimensional (0D) transition metal selenide (CoSe) shows good electrical conductivity and enhanced catalytic performance, respectively. Additionally, the rationally designed porous structure (from 0D to 3D) demonstrates well-connected ion/electron transport channels, conferring the good kinetic performance. Electrochemical tests show that CoSe catalytic materials with moderate adsorption energies can catalyse both precipitation and dissolution processes of Li2S, enabling fast conversion kinetics. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the synergistic effect of CoSe, Ti3C2Tx, and graphene can improve the chemisorption and catalytic performance. As a result, the 3D porous S@CCGM cathode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 1205.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and good long-term cycling performance with a low decay rate of 0.055 % per cycle at 1C. Furthermore, the gel electrolyte Li-S pouch cell successfully passes the 0–180° bending test, nailing test, and cutting test. Such design offers a new perspective for the commercialization of safe and flexible electrochemical energy-storage devices especially in Li-S batteries.

Evolutionary Zn ion storage mechanism of hierarchical nanotubular spinel FeV2O4 for Zinc–Metal full cells

A fundamental understanding about the evolution of energy storage mechanism by the structure reconstruction during initial cycling is crucial in establishing their correlation with the unprecedented electrochemical performance of electrodes. Herein, we demonstrate evolutionary zinc (Zn) ion storage mechanism and kinetics of the hierarchical nanotubular FeV2O4 (FeV2O4@NT) coated by turbostratic carbon layers through the anodic hydration-induced crystal reconstruction, where the smaller nanocrystalline FeV2O4 spinel phase was embedded into the newly-formed amorphous V-O-Fe phase at the heterointerface. These FeV2O4@NT cathodes achieved the synergistically combined energy storage mechanism of intercalation and pseudocapacitance for the greatly improved electrochemical performance of pouch full cells, which was not achieved by existing spinel oxides. With the polyoxometalate modified Zn metal anode at the optimized condition of 3.0 M Zn(OTf)2/(ACN/H2O-0.15) in the voltage range of [0.3–1.6 V (vs. Zn/Zn2+)], the POM-Zn||FeV2O4@NT full cells achieved a high capacity of 456.8 mAh g–1 at 200 mA g–1, high rate capacity of 222.0 mAh g−1 even at 10,000 mA g–1, and a large energy density of 337.5 Wh kg–1. Furthermore, the chemical pillar and Fe vacancies in the amorphous V-O-Fe phase allowed FeV2O4@NT electrode to achieve a low capacity decay rate of 0.0152 % per each cycle over 1,000 cycles.

Flash Joule Heating: A Promising Method for Preparing Heterostructure Catalysts to Inhibit Polysulfide Shuttling in Li-S Batteries.

The "shuttle effect" issue severely hinders the practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, which is primarily caused by the significant accumulation of lithium polysulfides in the electrolyte. Designing effective catalysts is highly desired for enhancing polysulfide conversion to address the above issue. Here, the one-step flash-Joule-heating route is employed to synthesize a W-W2C heterostructure on the graphene substrate (W-W2C/G) as a catalytic interlayer for this purpose. Theoretical calculations reveal that the work function difference between W (5.08eV) and W2C (6.31eV) induces an internal electric field at the heterostructure interface, accelerating the movement of electrons and ions, thus promoting the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) process. The high catalytic activity is also confirmed by the reduced activation energy and suppressed polysulfide shuttling by in situ Raman analyses. With the W-W2C/G interlayer, the Li-S batteries exhibit an outstanding rate performance (665 mAh g-1 at 5.0 C) and cycle steadily with a low decay rate of 0.06% over 1000 cycles at a high rate of 3.0 C. Moreover, a high areal capacity of 10.9 mAh cm-2 (1381.4 mAh g-1) is obtained with a high area sulfur loading of 7.9mg cm-2 but a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 9.0 µL mg-1.

Exceptional Rate Performances of Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathodes Enabled by Boron-Based Additives-Driven Self-Optimized Interface.

Li-rich Mn-based cathode material (LRM), as a promising cathode for high energy density lithium batteries, suffers from severe side reactions in conventional lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6)-based carbonate electrolytes, leading to unstable interfaces and poor rate performances. Herein, a boron-based additives-driven self-optimized interface strategy is presented to dissolve low ionic conductivity LiF nanoparticles at the outer cathode electrolyte interface, leading to the optimized interfacial components, as well as the enhanced Li ion migration rate in electrolytes. Being attributed to these superiorities, the LRM||Li battery delivers a high-capacity retention of 92.19% at 1C after 200 cycles and a low voltage decay of 1.08 mV/cycle. This work provides a new perspective on the rational selection of functional additives with an interfacial self-optimized characteristic to achieve a long lifespan LRM with exceptional rate performances.