Low Manganese Content Research Articles

APHRODISIAN MARBLE FROM THE GÖKTEPE QUARRIES: THE LITTLE BARBARIANS, ROMAN COPIES FROM THE ATTALID DEDICATION IN ATHENS

The marble of seven under-lifesize sculptures of barbarians, now in the archaeological museums of Naples, Venice and the Vatican, commonly considered to be Roman copies of the Pergamene Lesser Dedication in Athens, comes from the Göktepe marble quarries near Aphrodisias, as is shown by isotopic, electron paramagnetic resonance, trace analyses, and of petrographic data. Since this marble was used mostly by Aphrodisian artists, this finding confirms, on the basis of scientific data, previous hypotheses on the origin of the sculptors who manufactured the statues. Reliable discrimination from similar fine-grained Asiatic marbles, such asDocimium, is possible primarily on the basis of the composition of the Göktepe marbles, which have unusually low concentrations of manganese and high concentrations of strontium. Present knowledge of the history of the quarries and the distribution of their marbles seems to rule out the possibility that the sculptures date from the late Republican period and supports the opinion, previously proposed on stylistic grounds, that they were manufactured in Rome by Aphrodisian sculptors probably during the first half of the second centuryad.

Fixed-Bed and Stirred-Tank Studies of Manganese Sorption by Calcite Limestone

This study addressed manganese removal from mine waters in a stirred tank as well as fixed-bed experiments. Manganese sorption on limestone is described by pseudo first-order kinetics. Equilibrium sorption was modeled by the Langmuir isotherm, and limestone showed maximum manganese uptakes ranging from 0.92 mg/g in the absence of sulfate to 1.08 mg/g in the presence of 600 mg/L of the species. Fixed-bed testing showed limestone uptakes that increased with the flow rate at low manganese concentration (1.5 mg/L) but decreased for mine water containing 15 mgMn/L. The Thomas model was fitted to breakthrough curves to determine the characteristic design parameters of the column. The maximum uptake was 46.85 mg/L-bed for a 15 mg/L manganese solution at 1 mL/min, and sulfate did not affect the manganese sorption. The solid residues obtained during the removal process were characterized, and the presence of manganese carbonate (MnCO3) on the limestone surface was confirmed by IR during the experiments with mine w...

Neutron diffraction studies of the magnetic properties of Pr0.5Sr0.5Co1 − x Mn x O3 solid solutions

The crystal structure and magnetic properties of a system of Pr0.5Sr0.5Co1 − xMnxO3 solid solutions were studied by neutron diffraction and magnetization measurements. It is shown that, at a low manganese concentration, the structure can be described by the I/2a monoclinic space group; with increasing substitution level x the structure becomes orthorhombic. For x > 0.9 the crystal structure is tetragonal at high temperatures and the symmetry is lowered to orthorhombic with lowering the temperature. The substitution of cobalt for manganese leads to the destruction of long-range ferromagnetic order near x ∼ 0.25. A transition from the high-temperature ferromagnetic phase to the A-type low-temperature antiferromagnetic phase is observed at x ∼ 0.93 in the temperature range 110–160 K.

Structurally inhomogeneous fct-martensite in alloys based on the Mn – Cu system: structure, strain mechanism and strength characteristics

The conditions of occurrence of high-temperature fcc →fct martensitic transformation in alloys of the Mn – Cu system containing two isomorphic nanocrystalline γ1 and γ2 phases with high and low manganese content, respectively, are considered. The structure formed as a result is studied. The mechanisms of straining of the inhomogeneous fct-martensite and the factors determining its strength properties are determined.

Effect of Manganese in Test Media on In Vitro Susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii to Tigecycline

We assessed the effect of increasing manganese concentrations in test media (0.001 to 1,024 mg/liter) on MICs of tigecycline. For both broth microdilution (BMD) and Etests, this effect was negligible for physiological concentrations, but MICs increased when concentrations exceeded 8 mg/liter. Susceptibility testing should be performed on media with standardized low manganese content.

Microstructure, mechanical, EPR and optical properties of lithium disilicate glasses and glass–ceramics doped with Mn2+ ions

The microstructure, mechanical, EPR and optical properties of transparent MnO2 doped lithium disilicate (LDS) glass–ceramics prepared by melt quenching and controlled crystallization, have been studied. The microstructure of the glass–ceramics has been characterized using FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR and XRD techniques. FE-SEM micrographs show elongated, highly interlocked, dense (∼80vol.%) nanocrystals of LDS with an average size ∼100nm. XRD and FT-IR studies reveal that the only crystalline phase formed after heat-treatment at 700°C for 1h is LDS. A good combination of average microhardness ∼5.6GPa, high fracture toughness ∼2.8MPam1/2, 3-point flexural strength ∼250MPa and moderate elastic modulus 65GPa has been obtained. The EPR spectra of both LDS glasses and glass–ceramics exhibit resonance signals with effective g values at g=4.73, g=4.10, g=3.3, and g=1.98. The resonance signal at g=1.98 is found to be more intense than the other signals and exhibits hyperfine structure at lower concentration of manganese. From the observed spectrum, the spin-Hamiltonian parameters have been evaluated. In glass samples the optical absorption spectrum exhibits a broad band around ∼20,320cm−1 which has been assigned to the transition 6A1g(S)→4A1g(G) 4Eg(G)-of Mn2+ ions. The cerammed samples upon 394nm excitation emit a green luminescence (565nm, 4T1g→6A1g(G) transition of Mn2+ ions), and a weak red emission (710nm). From the ultraviolet absorption edges, the optical bandgap energies (Eopt) were evaluated and are discussed.

A combined SEM and CV study of solid oxide fuel cell interconnect steels

Scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behavior of two solid oxide fuel cell interconnect steels. One alloy had a low content of manganese; the other alloy had a high content of manganese. Four reduction and four oxidation peaks were observed in the voltammograms of the low manganese alloy at a temperature of 800 °C. The voltammograms of the alloy with a high content of manganese were different. At 600 °C, three reduction peaks and two oxidation peaks were observed. At 800 °C, additional peaks were observed in the voltammogram for this alloy.

Modifications of interface chemistry of LSM–YSZ composite by ceria nanoparticles

A porous composite electrode LSM–YSZ (lanthanum strontium manganite and yttria stabilized zirconia) was impregnated with different amounts of SDC (samarium substituted ceria) nanoparticles. The materials were investigated with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the microstructure, the interface chemistry and the surface chemistry of the various impregnated samples. The SDC nanoparticles cover the surface of the LSM–YSZ backbone to a large extent; they are approximately 5–20 nm in diameter and have a cubic crystal structure. Low concentrations of lanthanum and manganese originating from LSM were detected within SDC particles. It was also observed that the relative atomic concentration of strontium increased on the LSM–YSZ surface with increasing amount of SDC nanoparticles. These findings are related to the applied nanoparticle impregnation method. It is indicated that interactions between surfactant, nanoparticles, impregnation solution and the LSM–YSZ composite take place which can locally affect the surface and interface chemistry of the investigated materials.

Biochemical Characterization and Homology Modeling of Methylbutenol Synthase and Implications for Understanding Hemiterpene Synthase Evolution in Plants

2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) is a five-carbon alcohol produced and emitted in large quantities by many species of pine native to western North America. MBO is structurally and biosynthetically related to isoprene and can have an important impact on regional atmospheric chemistry. The gene for MBO synthase was identified from Pinus sabiniana, and the protein encoded was functionally characterized. MBO synthase is a bifunctional enzyme that produces both MBO and isoprene in a ratio of ~90:1. Divalent cations are required for activity, whereas monovalent cations are not. MBO production is enhanced by K(+), whereas isoprene production is inhibited by K(+) such that, at physiologically relevant [K(+)], little or no isoprene emission should be detected from MBO-emitting trees. The K(m) of MBO synthase for dimethylallyl diphosphate (20 mm) is comparable with that observed for angiosperm isoprene synthases and 3 orders of magnitude higher than that observed for monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MBO synthase falls into the TPS-d1 group (gymnosperm monoterpene synthases) and is most closely related to linalool synthase from Picea abies. Structural modeling showed that up to three phenylalanine residues restrict the size of the active site and may be responsible for making this a hemiterpene synthase rather than a monoterpene synthase. One of these residues is homologous to a Phe residue found in the active site of isoprene synthases. The remaining two Phe residues do not have homologs in isoprene synthases but occupy the same space as a second Phe residue that closes off the isoprene synthase active site.

A detailed mineralogical assessment of sphalerites from the Gamsberg zinc deposit, South Africa: The manganese conundrum

The Gamsberg zinc deposit, located in the Northern Cape Province, represents South Africa’s greatest and most important unexploited base metal resource. Yet, in spite of its size, the low zinc grade combined with the high manganese content of the sphalerite continues to prohibit development of the deposit, as the high manganese content makes the zinc concentrates unsuitable for processing by conventional smelting methods, i.e. roasting, leaching/solvent extraction and/or electrowinning. Although numerous published investigations of the Gamsberg deposit have been undertaken, few have focused on the correlation between petrography and mineral chemistry of sphalerite and their implications on mineral processing. In accordance, the aims of this investigation are to highlight the importance of conducting a detailed geometallurgical investigation, as well as provide some new constraints on the metallurgical behavior of sphalerite and zinc concentrates from the Gamsberg deposit. Detailed analysis of sphalerite by petrographic and various microanalytical techniques reveal a marked absence of correlation between crystal morphology and mineral chemistry, necessitating a chemically based classification scheme. As such, six sphalerite populations where identified. They are: zinc-, cobalt-, iron- and manganese-rich, as well as manganese-enriched and manganese-poor. The zinc- and cobalt-rich populations display high zinc contents and low concentrations of iron and manganese, while the iron-rich population displays higher iron contents. Dominating the sphalerites of the mineralized pelitic schist is the manganese-enriched population. Of volumetrically lesser importance are the manganese-poor and -rich populations. The manganese-rich population contains high levels of iron, manganese, cobalt and cadmium relative to the zinc-rich population. In contrast, the manganese-poor population displays similar concentrations of cobalt and cadmium to the zinc-rich population, with iron and manganese intermediate between the zinc- and iron-rich populations. Comparisons between the sphalerite populations and milling size fractions reveal a consistent correlation between sphalerite mineral chemistry and size fractions with the coarser-grained concentrates being economically less favorable compared to the finer-grained concentrates, which display higher zinc contents. Combined with other lines of evidence, this suggests that the sphalerites of mineralized pelitic schist exhibit extensive solid solution that will have an effect on process optimization. For instance, it suggests that milling to a finer grain size will not remove or reduce the iron and manganese content. Another concern to processing will be the variable mineral chemistry of sphalerite, which might cause some sphalerites to display a delayed response during flotation or misreport to the lead concentrate. In spite of this, using solvent extraction, the elevated manganese content of the concentrates could be controlled, while simultaneously recovering zinc and manganese for sale. Hence, the recovery of manganese metal as a by-product could potentially enhance the economics of the deposit. Alternatively, other forms of mineral processing and metal extraction must be evaluated to meet the target grades and recoveries.

Changes in erosion patterns during the Holocene in a currently treeless subalpine catchment inferred from lake sediment geochemistry (Lake Anterne, 2063 m a.s.l., NW French Alps): The role of climate and human activities

A high-resolution sedimentological and geochemical study was performed on a 20 m long core from the alpine Lake Anterne (2063 m a.s.l., NW French Alps) spanning the last 10 ka. Sedimentation is mainly of minerogenic origin. The organic matter quantity (TOC%) as well as its quality (hydrogen (HI) and oxygen (OI) indices) both indicate the progressive onset and subsequent stabilization of vegetation cover in the catchment from 9950 to 5550 cal. BP. During this phase, the pedogenic process of carbonate dissolution is marked by a decrease in the calcium content in the sediment record. Between 7850 and 5550 cal. BP, very low manganese concentrations suggest anoxic conditions in the bottom-water of Lake Anterne. These are caused by a relatively high organic matter (terrestrial and lacustrine) content, a low flood frequency and longer summer stratification triggered by warmer conditions. From 5550 cal. BP, a decrease in TOC, stabilization of HI and higher sedimentation rates together reflect increased erosion rates of leptosols and developed soils, probably due to a colder and wetter climate. Then, three periods of important soil destabilization are marked by an increased frequency and thickness of flood deposits during the Bronze Age and by increases in topsoil erosion relative to leptosols (HI increases) during the late Iron Age/Roman period and the Medieval periods. These periods are also characterized by higher sedimentation rates. According to palynological data, human impact (deforestation and/or pasturing activity) probably triggered these periods of increased soil erosion.

Effect of the reaction medium on the structure of the La1 − x Ca x MnO3 (x = 0–1) solid solutions prepared by the pechini method

The phase composition and microstructure of La1 − xCaxMnO3 (x = 0–1) materials prepared by the Pechini method from polymer-salt stocks were studied after testing these materials in methane oxidation. According to X-ray diffraction data, the reaction medium causes no significant changes in the samples, while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicates that the x > 0.3 samples are unstable. Under the action of the reaction medium, the perovskite structure of these samples undergoes partial decomposition accompanied by the formation of planar defects having a lower manganese content. The number and degree of segregation of these defects increase with increasing calcium content. The calcium oxide and manganese oxide phases as segregated nanoparticles are observed on the particle surface. These changes are caused by the decrease in the oxygen content of the manganites under the action of the reaction medium \( (T,P_{O_2 } ) \) , by the formation of vacancies, and by the variation of the charge of the manganese cations, as well as by the charge ordering tendency of the manganese cations. Therefore, the observed changes in catalytic activity under the action of the reaction medium for x > 0.3 can be due to perovskite decomposition accompanied by the formation of planar defects, the release of the manganese oxide and calcium oxide phases, and their subsequent sintering.

Frataxin Depletion in Yeast Triggers Up-regulation of Iron Transport Systems before Affecting Iron-Sulfur Enzyme Activities

The primary function of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, remains controversial. Using a yeast model of conditional expression of the frataxin homologue YFH1, we analyzed the primary effects of YFH1 depletion. The main conclusion unambiguously points to the up-regulation of iron transport systems as a primary effect of YFH1 down-regulation. We observed that inactivation of aconitase, an iron-sulfur enzyme, occurs long after the iron uptake system has been activated. Decreased aconitase activity should be considered part of a group of secondary events promoted by iron overloading, which includes decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased protein carbonyl formation. Impaired manganese uptake, which contributes to superoxide dismutase deficiency, has also been observed in YFH1-deficient cells. This low manganese content can be attributed to the down-regulation of the metal ion transporter Smf2. Low Smf2 levels were not observed in AFT1/YFH1 double mutants, indicating that high iron levels could be responsible for the Smf2 decline. In summary, the results presented here indicate that decreased iron-sulfur enzyme activities in YFH1-deficient cells are the consequence of the oxidative stress conditions suffered by these cells.

Structure and Properties of Manganese-Substituted Bismuth Titanates

Partial substitution of manganese for titanium in bismuth titanate is a potential method to introduce ferromagnetic properties to ferroelectric bismuth titanate. We have established that manganese-substituted bismuth titanate forms only at low manganese contents. As the manganese content is increased, secondary phases form. A combination of neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction has been used to determine the structure of manganese-substituted bismuth titanates with chemical composition Bi4MnxTi3_xO12 (0 ≤ x ≤1 at 0.05 steps). Measurements between 4 K and 1073 K have been used to examine the phase transitions that they undergo. It was found the substitution of manganese into bismuth titanate increases the phase transition temperature to tetragonal by about 100 °C. Neutron diffraction and bulk magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrate the absence of long-range magnetic cation ordering in selected examples.

Low manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in cereals explained yield losses after lime application to soil

A range of locally available liming materials of different geological origin, particle size, and application rate were investigated in 15 field sites over a period of 8 years. At 5 sites, lime addition to soils caused average yield losses of 7%. Concentrations of Mn and Cu but not of boron and zinc in grains declined in limed plots. Decline in concentrations of Mn and Cu were significantly correlated with increasing soil pH-values. Crop data indicated that concentrations of Mn and Cu in grains reached low, critical levels. Yields declined at threshold values amounting to 15 mg Mn kg−1 for wheat and barley, 25 mg Mn kg−1 for rye, 30 mg Mn kg−1 for oat, and 3 mg Cu kg−1 for the four cereals.

Manganese Ions as Paramagnetic Probes in Magnesium Oxide. II. Crystal Growth and Ionic Diffusion

The Mn2+ e. s. r. signal in MgO samples, containing 1-2000 at - ppm of manganese, is used as a paramagnetic probe to monitor the behavior of fresh MgO powders following thermal activation at 800 K - 1200 K in vacuum or in air. Two distinct Mn2+ signals are generally observed after evacuation and they correspond respectively to substitutional Mn2+ ions and clusters of Mn2+ ions near the surface. From the spectral intensity and the zero-field splitting term, D, informations have been obtained on the particle growth in metastable fresh MgO powders thermally treated in the range 800 - 1200 K, and on the progressive diffusion of surface Mn2+ ions into the bulk of MgO. The D-term decrease with lower manganese content or higher temperature thermal treatment is interpreted as a diffusion of Mn2+ ions towards cationic sites with more accurate cubic symmetry, i.e., more distant from the surface. After activation in air at 1300 K, all the apparent Mn2+ ions are found to be in perfectly octahedral sites in the bulk of MgO. A mechanism by which manganese ions are incorporated at substitutional sites in the lattice is discussed.

Manganese modulates the responses of nitrogen-supplied and Rhizobium-nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris L. to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Abstract In Venezuela, low yields of black bean crops are attributed, in part, to the low manganese (Mn) and phosphorus (P) contents in the Quartzipsamment soils where this crop is usually sown. To test this hypothesis, black bean plants were grown in sterilized sand to simulate soil physical properties, were fertilized with increasing Mn concentrations (0.1–20 μM) and inoculated with a commercial mixture of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv phaseoli strains 127K44, 127K89, 127K105 (+Rh), in combination with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Scutellospora heterogama and Entrophospora colombiana (+AMF). Non-inoculated plants fertilized with 6 mM NO3 and 2 mM P served as controls. Plants were harvested at 18, 25, 33, and 40 days after emergence. At all harvests, the greatest growth and highest P and iron (Fe) leaf concentrations occurred in control plants grown in 5 μM Mn. The growth of +AMF plants was promoted at 0.1 μM Mn and inhibited at higher than 1 μM Mn. Whereas, concentrations of 5–10 μM Mn enhanced the growth and the Mn concentrations in leaves of +Rh plants 40 days after emergence. The tripartite symbiosis (+Rh+AMF) decreased growth, nodulation and leaf ureide and chlorophyll concentrations in plants grown in less than 20 μM Mn, imputed to severe ultrastructural alterations in the leaf and nodule tissues. Only +Rh+AMF plants grown in 20 μM Mn were effectively nodulated, AMF colonized and reached the flowering stage, although with diminished growth and low chlorophyll concentrations. Results confirm the high Mn requirement of +Rh plants for growth and nodulation and question the implementation of the tripartite symbiosis to improve yields in early flowering black bean varieties planted in soils deficient in Mn and P.

Use of TXRF and Convectional Energy Dispersive X‐ray Fluorescence Analysis (EDXRF) to determine trace metal concentrations in waters of Nakivubo Channel and Lake Victoria

To understand better the pollution levels in the waters of the Nakivubo Channel and Lake Victoria, the concentrations of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were determined using convectional Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (EDXRF) and Total X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) analysis. Particulate deposits were analysed for trace metals with a convectional EDXRF spectrometer. Extracted dissolved metals contents were analysed with Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence. The analyses indicated higher copper concentrations in the filtrate samples collected at the rivermouths and inshore stations than on the particulate matter. Samples from battery manufacturing industry-1 indicated copper concentrations in the filtrate exceeding the National Environmental management Authority (NEMA) drinking water standard of 1.0 mg L−1. Free zinc concentrations were measured for almost all the sampling sites, but at concentrations below the 3 mg L−1 NEMA standard. High concentrations of iron in the labile form measured at the lake shores were above NEMA drinking water standards of 0.3–3.5 mg L−1 in 2006, except for the April 2006 Murchison Bay rivermouth, and for low manganese concentrations in the lake waters. The iron and manganese concentrations on the particulate matter at the upstream end of the Channel, but were lower in the lake waters. Effluents from soap manufacturing industries exhibited elevated total iron concentrations, ranging from 19.038 ± 0.190 to 63.129 ± 6.248 mg L−1 throughout the 2-year study period. The manganese concentrations were the highest for the battery manufacturing industry-2 site in April 2006. The total iron and manganese concentrations were generally higher upstream along the Nakivubo Channel than in the lake waters. Cobalt and lead concentrations were below detection limits for most of the sampling sites. Generally, most metal concentrations along the Nakivubo Channel exceeded acceptable limits, illustrating the need for mitigation measures.

87Sr/ 86Sr chemostratigraphy of Neoproterozoic Dalradian carbonates below the Port Askaig Glaciogenic Formation, Scotland

The Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland contains three glaciogenic sedimentary units, the Port Askaig Formation, the Stralinchy-Reelan Formation, and the Loch na Cille Boulder Bed, in ascending order. Although the idea, that relatively cold climates occurred during the latest Proterozoic, is widely accepted, the cause of the onset of glaciation is still controversial; we use new carbonate 87Sr/ 86Sr data to better constrain this environmental change. Some Dalradian limestones have high strontium contents (>1000 ppm), low manganese contents and Mn/Sr ratios (<0.2) and, according to their silica, aluminum and potassium contents and Rb/Sr ratios, they suffered insignificant contamination from siliciclastic minerals, thus they are suitable for estimating the 87Sr/ 86Sr values of paleoseawater in the Neoproterozoic. The 87Sr/ 86Sr values of limestones of the Islay Formation ( ca. 0.7067), sampled on the island of Islay, are similar to the values of previous studies. However, the 87Sr/ 86Sr values of limestones just below the Port Askaig Formation ( ca. 0.7064), collected on the island of Garbh Eileach, have the lowest values recorded in the Dalradian Supergroup. Comparing these 87Sr/ 86Sr values with coeval 87Sr/ 86Sr values of other regions in the world, such low 87Sr/ 86Sr (<0.7065) has only been reported from successions pre-dating the older Cryogenian (Sturtian) glaciation, which supports the idea that the Port Askaig Formation was deposited during the older Cryogenian glaciation. We have reconstructed the variations in the i87Sr/ 86Sr ratio from the Tonian through the Cryogenian and Ediacaran to the earliest Cambrian. The results show that the 87Sr/ 86Sr ratio of seawater decreased just before the older Cryogenian glaciation, that it increased by two steps in the early and middle Ediacaran, and that there were at least two abrupt positive excursions in the middle Ediacaran and at the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. The decline of the 87Sr/ 86Sr ratio of seawater just before the older Cryogenian Sturtian glaciation suggests that enhancement of weathering, related to break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent and continental flood basalt volcanism, was a likely driver for generating global cooling for the Snowball Earth conditions ( Goddéris et al., 2003; Donnadieu et al., 2004).

Manganese-responsive congenital carpus valgus in a calf (first report in veterinary literature)

A 4-day-old female Iranian cross-breed calf with a history of weakness, ataxia, difficulty in moving, and congenital abnormal position of forelimbs was referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. In clinical examination weakness, ataxia, difficulty in moving, and carpus valgus deformity were observed. Vital signs, hematological indices, and serum concentrations of electrolytes, minerals, total protein, albumin, and trace elements were normal, but serum concentration of manganese was low. Because of carpus valgus deformity and low level of serum concentration of manganese, congenital manganese deficiency was suspected. Manganese sulfate was administered orally at a dose rate of 50 mg/day for 2 weeks. After the treatment, all clinical signs subsided. Radiography of forelimbs after treatment revealed no abnormality. Carpus valgus due to manganese deficiency has not been reported previously, and this is first report in veterinary literature. In the present report, low serum concentration of manganese and response to manganese supplementation confirmed that the cause of carpus valgus was manganese deficiency. The pregnant cow (the mother of the present calf) had low serum concentration of manganese. She was fed on corn silage, which was low in manganese during pregnancy. The cause of carpus valgus is believed to be maternal manganese deficiency.