Low Between Body Mass Index Research Articles

Investigation of the risk of common femoral artery injury with anterior subcutaneous internal fixation in patients with fragility fractures of the pelvis

IntroductionThe incidence of the fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFPs) has been increasing in recent years. Operative treatment is effective in patients who are unable to ambulate due to pain. Anterior subcutaneous internal fixation (ASIF) is a minimally invasive and stable fixation used to treat the FFPs, with few reported vascular complications. However, we experienced a case in which the rod directly pressed the common femoral artery (CFA). ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the rod position as defined by ASIF and the CFA in the FFPs patients, and between BMI and the rod-to-CFA distance. Materials and methodsPelvic measurements were performed in 47 patients with FFPs using trauma CT. We identified the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) on both sides in axial CT images. Next, we performed a simulation study using the CT images, in which the virtual fixation rod was bent according to the shape of the patients’ abdomen in the supine position. The shortest rod-to-CFA distance when the virtual rod was positioned directly above the AIIS in the CT image was measured. The correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the rod-to-CFA distance was measured. ResultsThe average shortest rod-to-CFA distance was 18.4 ± 11.1 mm, and the simulated rod compressed the CFA in three of the 47 cases (6.4%). A statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and the rod-to-CFA distance was found (r = 0.47, p = 0.001). ConclusionsThe course of the CFA should be confirmed before ASIF surgery, and if there is danger of compression of the CFA such as in patients with low BMI, the rod-to-AIIS distance should be adjusted to the optimal distance. However, considering the disadvantages, such as decreased stability of the fixation, when adjusting the rod-to-AIIS distance, and skin irritation and abrasion by the rod, ASIF is not recommended in cases in which the rod is close to the CFA.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Three Cohorts

To evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and glaucoma progression. Multicohort observational study. This study combined a retrospective longitudinal analysis of suspect and early manifest primary open angle glaucoma cases from the Progression Risk of Glaucoma: RElevant SNPs with Significant Association (PROGRESSA) study with 2 replication cohorts from the UK Biobank and the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (CLSA). In the PROGRESSA study, multivariate analysis correlated BMI with longitudinal visual field progression in 471 participants. The BMI was then associated with glaucoma diagnosis and cross-sectional vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR) measurements in the UK Biobank, and finally prospectively associated with longitudinal change in VCDR in the CLSA study. In the PROGRESSA study, a lower BMI conferred a faster rate of visual field progression (mean duration of monitoring (5.28 ± 1.80 years (10.6 ± 3.59 visits) (β 0.04 dB/year/SD95% CI [0.005, 0.069]; P=.013). In the UK Biobank, a 1 standard deviation lower BMI was associated with a worse cross-sectional VCDR (β -0.048/SD 95% CI [-0.056, 0.96]; P < .001) and a 10% greater likelihood of glaucoma diagnosis, as per specialist grading of retinal fundus imaging (OR 0.90 95% CI [0.84, 0.98]; P=.011). Similarly, a lower BMI was associated with a greater risk of glaucoma diagnosis as per International Classification of Disease data (OR 0.94/SD; 95% CI [0.91, 0.98]; P=.002). Body mass index was also positively correlated with intraocular pressure (β 0.11/SD; 95% CI [0.06, 0.15]; P < .001). Finally, a lower BMI was then associated with greater VCDR change in the CLSA (β -0.007/SD; 95% CI [-0.01, -0.001]; P=.023). Body mass index correlated with longitudinal and cross-sectional glaucomatous outcomes. This supports previous work illustrating a correlation between BMI and glaucoma.

The interaction between depression diagnosis and BMI is related to altered activation pattern in the right inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex during food anticipation.

BackgroundDepression and overweight/obesity often cooccur but the underlying neural mechanisms for this bidirectional link are not well understood.MethodsIn this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we scanned 54 individuals diagnosed with depressive disorders (DD) and 48 healthy controls (HC) to examine how diagnostic status moderates the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and brain activation during anticipation and pleasantness rating of food versus nonfood stimuli.ResultsWe found a significant BMI‐by‐diagnosis interaction effect on activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during food versus nonfood anticipation (p < .0125). Brain activation in these regions was greater in HC with higher BMI than in HC with lower BMI. Individuals with DD showed an opposite pattern of activation. Structural equation modeling revealed that the relationship between BMI, activation in the RIFG and ACC, and participants’ desire to eat food items shown in the experiment depended on the diagnostic status.ConclusionsConsidering that food anticipation is an important component of appetitive behavior and that the RIFG and ACC are involved in emotion regulation, response inhibition and conflict monitoring necessary to control this behavior, we propose that future clinical trials targeting weight loss in DD should investigate whether adequate mental preparation positively affects subsequent food consumption behaviors in these individuals.

Relationship between body mass index and fracture risk at different skeletal sites: a nationwide cohort study.

The association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of clinical fractures at different sites is unclear. This study aimed to examine associations between BMI and fractures at different sites in Korean men and women. This study analyzed 285,643 Korean adults (aged 50-80years) who participated in health examinations from 2002 to 2003 and were followed up until 2015. The incidences of osteoporotic fractures were assessed using the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision; ICD-10) and procedure or radiographic codes. After adjusting for confounders, hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models for fracture risk. Site-specific associations between BMI and fractures were found without gender difference. Specifically, an L-shaped association was found for clinical vertebral fractures, wherein the adjusted HRs per 5kg/m2 increase were 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76-0.83) in BMI groups < 25kg/m2 and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.92-1.03) in BMI ≥ 25kg/m2. A linear inverse correlation for wrist fractures was observed, wherein the HRs were 0.83 (95% CI = 0.81-0.86) per 5kg/m2 increase. For proximal humerus fractures, a non-linear U-shape association was found, wherein the adjusted HRs per 5kg/m2 increase were 0.66 (95% CI = 0.50-0.88) in BMI groups < 23kg/m2 and 1.25 (95% CI = 1.08-1.45) in BMI ≥ 23kg/m2. Low BMI was a risk factor for all tested fractures. Obesity was a risk factor for proximal humerus fracture, but it is a protective factor for wrist fracture.

Polymorphism of the FABP2 gene (Ala54Thr) and anthropometric, lipid and glucometabolic parameters during strengthening of physical activity

Objective — to study effects of polymorphic variants of the FABP2 gene (Ala54Thr) on the changes in anthropometric parameters and indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in individuals with different physical activity.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Examinations involved 176 patients, from them 128 (72.7 %) women and 48 (27.3 %) men aged 37 to 57 years with low to moderate cardiovascular risk, who were observed and treated in the hospital of the L. T. Malaya Therapy National Institute. Genotyping of the polymorphism Thr54Ala 163G &gt; A, rs179988346А &gt; G, was carried out by polymerase chain reaction in real time using a set of reagents «SNP‑EXPRESS‑SHOT» («Litech»). Levels of total cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions (triglycerides, cholesterol of the lipoproteins of high and low density) were determined by enzymatic method. Glycemic level was determined by glucose oxidase method. Physical activity was assessed by the IPAQ (International Questionnaire on Long Physical Activity) questionnaire. Muscle strength was assessed using a CAMRY dynamometer, EH101. Body composition was determined by bioimpedance (weight OMRONHJ‑203‑EK). The training program included 3 stages: warm‑up (10 minutes), basic aerobic program (43 minutes), stretching and breathing exercises (7 minutes). SPSSIBM version 17.0 was used for statistical analysis.&#x0D; Results. Analysis of anthropometric parameters showed no difference between body mass index (BMI) and bioimpedancemetry data between the groups, although there was a trend in the group with polymorphic variant AA to lower BMI (p &gt; 0.05), lower percentage of adipose tissue (p &gt; 0.05) and greater strength (p &gt; 0.05). After 12 weeks of follow‑up, there was a significant difference in the decrease of BMI, percentage of adipose tissue, caliperometry results and increased muscle strength in all groups. Analysis of lipid profile depending on the genotype of polymorphic FABP2 (Ala54Thr) revealed that carriers of the AA variant had significantly higher indices of the total cholesterol levels vs the carriers of GG variant (6.20 [5.62 — 7.61]; 5.09 [4.50 — 6.20] mmol/l. No significant difference was established for the indices of carbohydrate exchange, levels of fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (р &gt; 0.05). After 12 weeks of physical activity, levels of fasting glucose and HbA1c decreased, however only for AA gene FABP2 (Ala54Thr) glucose reduction was significant (from 5.72 [4.68 — 7.00] up to 4.65 [4.18 — 6.00] mmol/l (p = 0.050). The analysis of genetic factors and assessment of the distribution by groups of polymorphic variants of the FABP2 gene (Ala54Thr), no significant differences in gene loci were identified.&#x0D; Conclusions. The decrease in body mass index during the 12‑week training program was established only in 68.5 % of patients. Carriers of the GG variant had a higher BMI throughout the study period compared to the carriers of AA. No association has been established between the weight loss and genotypes of the polymorphic locus FABP2 (Ala54Thr) against the background of physical activity.

Body Mass Index and Prognosis of Patients With Stage II/III Gastric Cancer After Curative Gastrectomy: Completion of Perioperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy May Be a Confounding Factor.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and overall survival (OS) of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer (GC) after radical gastrectomy, and evaluate the potential influence of perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy (PAC).MethodsMedical records of 2,510 consecutive stage II/III GC patients who underwent curative resection between November 2010 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The optimal cutoff value of BMI for OS was determined by X-tile. The independent predictive factors for completeness of PAC were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Cox regression analyses assessed the association among BMI, completeness of PAC, and OS.ResultsOf the 2,510 patients, 813 cases with BMI < 20.3 kg/m2 were classified as belonging in the low BMI group. Further analyses confirmed that low BMI was an independent predictor for incomplete PAC (< 6 cycles, n = 920) and poorer OS (hazard ratio: 1.317, 95% confidence interval: 1.162-1.494, P < 0.001), but neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was a protective factor. An additive effect was found in those with both low BMI and incomplete PAC, as they had even worse OS. However, in patients with low BMI, completion of PAC (≥ 6 cycles) significantly improved OS, which became comparable to that in the high BMI group (P = 0.143).ConclusionsLow preoperative BMI independently affects completion of PAC and prognosis of patients with stage II/III GC, but completing PAC can compensate for the adverse influence of low BMI on OS. Thus, strategies designed to ensure the completion of PAC, such as NAC and nutritional support, should be further investigated.

Association between gynaecological disorders and body mass index in a South African cohort: a retrospective observational study

A retrospective observational study of new patients who visited the gynaecology outpatient clinic at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa, between February and June 2019 was conducted to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and gynaecological disorders. BMI was calculated and analysed concerning the presenting complaint and final diagnosis. From the sample of 651 patients, 18.4% had a normal BMI and 47.3% were classified as overweight or obese class 1. Older age was associated with a higher BMI (p = .013). Hypertension was most prevalent (26.7%) and associated with excess weight (p < .001). Disorders significantly associated with obesity were infertility (odds ratio [OR] 1.013, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.992–1.033, p = .001), polycystic ovarian syndrome (OR 1.058, 95% CI 1.028–1.089, p = .006), pelvic organ prolapse (OR 1.027, 95% CI 0.995–1.060, p = .0291) and postmenopausal bleeding (OR 1.038, 95% CI 1.009–1.068, p = .048). Chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis were associated with a low BMI. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? It is well known that obesity has multiple negative effects on health. It affects women’s health on many levels including their endocrine balance as well as pressure effects on the pelvic floor. The association between gynaecological disorders and excess weight has been described mainly in the context of separate gynaecological conditions. What the results of study add? This study described the large numbers of women with obesity in the South African context. It adds to the body of knowledge by looking at the association of BMI, not only obesity, and a large range of the most seen gynaecological conditions in the study setting. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study highlights the importance of lifestyle and nutritional implications on women’s health. For clinical practice, this knowledge needs to be applied with every opportunity to counsel women on how their weight can affect their gynaecological health. The focus of further research should focus on the most effective strategies to combat obesity in a holistic patient-centered approach.

Body Mass Index and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

BackgroundThe “obesity paradox” has not been elucidated in the long-term outcomes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. This study sought to characterize the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF).MethodsA total of 4282 participants free from AF at baseline were identified at Beijing Friendship Hospital. Baseline body mass index (BMI) was categorized into four groups. Incidence of NOAF was observed at the follow-up visits. The associations between different BMI categories and the incidence of NOAF were assessed by multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsOver a median follow-up period of 42.0 months, 4282 participants (age 62.7 ± 6.6 years, 38.7% women) were enrolled, 23.0% were BMI <23.0kg/m2, 22.5% were 23.0–24.9 kg/m2, 44.3% were 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 and 10.2% were ≥30.0 kg/m2. Compared with patients with the lowest BMI levels, those with BMI≥30 kg/m2 showed a younger, higher inflammatory response and a larger left atrium and were more likely to be combined with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. After adjustment for confounding variables, compared to BMI ≥30 kg/m2 group, patients with lower BMI (<23 kg/m2) significantly increased the risk of NOAF in AMI patients (HR 2.884, 95% CI 1.302–6.392). Moreover, the all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality in BMI <23.0kg/m2 group was apparently higher than that in BMI≥30 kg/m2 group after a long-term follow-up.ConclusionIn this AMI cohort study, the present finding of an inverse association between BMI and risk of NOAF supports the “obesity paradox”. Decreasing BMI was associated with an increased risk of NOAF.Trial RegistrationProspective registered.

Favourable Lifestyle Protects Cognitive Function in Older Adults With High Genetic Risk of Obesity: A Prospective Cohort Study

The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment remains controversial, especially in older people. This study aims to confirm the association of phenotypic and genetic obesity with cognitive impairment and the benefits of adhering to a healthy lifestyle. This prospective study included 10,798 participants (aged ≥ 50 years) with normal cognitive function from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States. Participants were divided into low (lowest quintile), intermediate (quintiles 2–4), and high (highest quintile) groups according to their polygenic risk score (PRS) for BMI. The risk of cognitive impairment was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Higher PRS for BMI was associated with an increased risk, whereas phenotypic obesity was related to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment. Never smoking, moderate drinking, and active physical activity were considered favourable and associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment compared with current smoking, never drinking, and inactive, respectively. A favourable lifestyle was associated with a low risk of cognitive impairment, even in subjects with low BMI and high PRS for BMI. This study suggest that regardless of obesity status, including phenotypic and genetic, adhering to a favourable lifestyle is beneficial to cognitive function.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Incident Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Shanghai Aging Study.

The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dementia is inconclusive. Undesirable loss of fat-free mass is a risk factor for cognitive decline while obesity is also a risk factor for cardio-metabolic disorders among the older adults. This study aimed to examine the association between BMI and incident all-cause dementia among Chinese older adults using a prospective study. Participants were 1,627 community residents aged 60 or older without dementia from the Shanghai Aging Study. Cox regression models, incorporated with restricted cubic splines, were used to explore a nonlinear association between baseline BMI and risk of all-cause dementia as measured by hazard ratio (HR) using both frequentist and Bayesian approach. We diagnosed 136 incident dementia cases during the mean follow-up of 5.3 years. Compared with moderate BMI (18.5-24.0 kg/m2), low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2) were related to an increased risk of dementia with the HR as 3.38 (95% CI 1.50-7.63), while high BMI (≥24.0 kg/m2) showed a decreased risk of dementia without statistical significance (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.39). Sensitivity analysis in participants without central obesity indicated that the association was still significant with even higher HR. Bayesian approach presented the similar results. Our result indicates that low BMI may contribute to high risk of incident dementia, even in individuals without central obesity.

Relationship between Olfactory Function and BMI in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects and Patients with Overweight or Obesity.

Smell plays a critical role in food choice and intake by influencing energy balance and body weight. Malnutrition problems or modified eating behaviors have been associated with olfactory impairment or loss. The obesity epidemic is a serious health problem associated with an increased risk of mortality and major physical comorbidities. The etiopathogenesis of obesity is complex and multifactorial, and one of the main factors contributing to the rapid increase in its incidence is the environment in which we live, which encourages the overconsumption of foods rich in energy, such as saturated fats and sugars. By means of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test, we measured the olfactory threshold, discrimination and identification score (TDI score) in patients of the Obesity Center of the University Hospital (OC; n = 70) and we compared them with that of healthy normal weight controls (HC; n = 65). OC patients demonstrated a significantly lower olfactory function than HC subjects both general and specific for the ability to discriminate and identify odors, even when they were considered separately as females and males. For OC patients, a negative correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and olfactory scores obtained by each subject, both when they were divided according to gender and when they were considered all together. Besides, normosmic OC patients showed a significantly lower BMI than hyposmic ones. A reduced sense of smell may contribute to obesity involving the responses of the cephalic phase, with a delay in the achievement of satiety and an excessive intake of high-energy foods and drinks.

Association of Body Mass Index With All-Cause Mortality in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients.

The aim was to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in older hospitalized patients taking activities of daily living (ADLs) into account. Retrospective cohort study. Nationwide population-based study of all patients aged ≥65years admitted to Danish geriatric medical departments during 2005 to 2014 and included in the National Danish Geriatric Database. Patients were followed until death, emigration, or study termination (December 31, 2015). Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. BMI and ADLs were routinely assessed on admission and linked at an individual level to the Danish national health registers. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate crude survival according to each BMI subcategory and Cox regression to examine the association with mortality adjusting for age, comorbidity, polypharmacy, ADLs, marital status, prior hospitalizations, and admission year. In total, 74,589 patients (63% women) were included aged [mean (SD)] 82.5 (7.5) years with BMI [mean (SD)] of 23.9 (5.1) kg/m2. During follow-up 51,188 died. Follow-up time was 191,972 person-years. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for overall, 30-day, and 1-year mortality decreased significantly with increasing BMI. In women, the highest adjusted HR (95% confidence interval) for overall mortality was seen for underweight patients (BMI <16) 1.83 (1.72-1.95) and the lowest for obesity grade II patients (BMI= 35.0-39.9) 0.66 (0.60-0.73) when using normal weight (BMI= 18.5-24.9) as reference. In men, the HR for BMI <16 and BMI= 35.0-39.9 were 1.98 (1.76-2.23) and 0.56 (0.49-0.65), respectively. In hospitalized older patients, association between mortality and BMI did not show a U-shaped or J-shaped curve after adjustment of multiple confounders, including ADLs. Instead, mortality was highest in patients with low BMI and decreased with increasing BMI before leveling off in the obese range. Our study highlights the need for a debate and reassessment of what should be the ideal BMI in this vulnerable patient group.

Underweight patients are the highest risk body mass index group for perioperative adverse events following stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion

BACKGROUND CONTEXTPrior studies investigating the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and patient outcomes following spine surgery have had inconsistent conclusions, likely owing to insufficient power, confounding variables, and varying definitions and cutoffs for BMI categories (eg, underweight, overweight, obese, etc.). Further, few studies have considered outcomes among low BMI cohorts. PURPOSEThe current study analyzes how anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) perioperative outcomes vary along the BMI spectrum, using World Health Organization (WHO) categories of BMI. STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGA retrospective cohort study. PATIENT SAMPLEPatients undergoing stand-alone one or two-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) found in the 2005–2018 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) databases. OUTCOME MEASURESThirty-day adverse events, hospital readmissions, post-operative infections, and mortality. METHODSStand-alone one or two-level ALIF surgical cases were identified and extracted from the 2005–2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Posterior cases and those primary diagnoses of trauma, tumor, infection, or emergency presentation were excluded. Patients were then binned into WHO guidelines of BMI. The incidence of adverse outcomes within 30-day post-operation was defined. Odds ratios of adverse outcomes, normalized to the average risk of normal-weight subjects (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m3), were calculated. Multivariate analysis was then performed controlling for patient factors. RESULTSIn total, 13,710 ALIF patients were included in the study. Incidence of adverse events was elevated in both the underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m3) and super morbidly obese (>50 kg/m3), however, multivariate risks for adverse events and postoperative infection were elevated for underweight patients beyond those found in any other BMI category. No effect was noted in these identical variables between normal, overweight, obese class 1, or even obese class 2 patients. Multivariate analysis also found overweight patients to show a slightly protective trend against mortality while the super morbidly obese had elevated odds. CONCLUSIONSUnderweight patients are at greater odds of experiencing postoperative adverse events than normal, overweight, obese class 1, or even obese class 2 patients. The present study identifies underweight patients as an at-risk population that should be given additional consideration by health systems and physicians, as is already done for those on the other side of the BMI spectrum.

The Correlation Between Body Mass Index with Dental Caries in Children: a Literature Review

Nutrition helps nourish the body, which consists of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. It is important for the growth and development of the body, especially teeth’ growth, should it be disturbed, it can cause enamel hypoplasia. The aim was to determine the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and dental caries in children. The method was a systematic review by searching scientific journals on PubMed using keywords: enamel hypoplasia, body mass index, caries, nutrition, from 2007-2020, in Indonesian and English. The results search obtained 126 articles, then 6 suitable articles was selected. A positive correlation was shown between high BMI with caries due to an increment of economic status alongside obesity due to high fat-high energy intake, and lack of physical activity. The increment of cariesprevalence aligns with the increment of sweets as part of lifestyle changes and individual welfare. Similarly, low BMI has a high percentage of caries due to pain and impaired masticatory function, that aligns with decrease of eating frequency and nutritional intake. The conclusion showed there is a correlation between high and low BMI with dental caries in children that caused by economic factors, dietary habitual, and low of body activity.&#x0D; Keywords: enamel hypoplasia, body mass index, caries, nutrition

Correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in a Cohort of Adult Women in South Africa.

Objective Recent evidence suggests that obesity is increasing worldwide and may negatively impact neurocognition. Local studies on the association of weight status with neurocognitive function are sparse. This study is aimed at examining the association between body mass index (BMI) and neurocognitive functioning scores in a cohort of adult women. Methods A convenience sample of 175 women aged 18 to 59 years (28.03 ± 8.87) recruited in a community-based quantitative study completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The BMI metric was used to measure body fat based on weight and height and was stratified as high BMI (overweight or obese) or low BMI (normal weight). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depression. Pearson's correlation analysis and the student's t-test analysis were performed. Results We observed a significant inverse association between BMI and performance on MoCA (r(173) = −0.32, p < 0.001). Performance on subtest of attention, memory, constructive abstraction, and executive functions significantly and inversely correlated with BMI. Significantly lower scores on the MoCA were found in women with a high BMI compared to women with a low BMI (23 ± 4 vs. 26 ± 3), t(173) = 4.12, p < 0.0001). Conclusions BMI and MoCA were inversely associated on both global and domain-specific neurocognitive test of attention, memory, and executive function; key neurocognitive control; and regulatory functions underlying behavior and decision-making. The findings provide a rationale for further research into the long-term effects of BMI on neurocognition.

POS-127 Association between body mass index and severe infection in older adults with microscopic polyangiitis

Although previous studies have evaluated risk factors for the incidence of severe infection in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and severe infection in AAV has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that older adults with AAV and a low BMI would be at a higher risk of infection. We therefore investigated the association between underweight status at AAV diagnosis and subsequent occurrence of severe infection in older adults with AAV.

Impact of BMI on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Aim Obesity paradox remains a point of debate in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Methods Outcomes were assessed in 1429 STEMI patients undergoing PPCI between January 2009 and January 2010 in Beijing. Patients were classified into 6 groups according to age (the younger and elderly groups consisting of patients ≤65 and > 65 years old) and baseline BMI (normal weight, BMI < 24 kg/m2; overweight, 24 kg/m2 ≤BMI < 28 kg/m2; obese, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). The primary outcome was death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or revascularization. Results On long-term follow-up (mean follow-up of 59 months), 13.9% of patients experienced the adverse event. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that low BMI was a significant predictor of the primary outcome only in the younger group. The odds ratio for overweight in comparison with normal weight was 0.741 (95% CI: 0.413–0.979; p = 0.038), the odds radio for obesity in comparison with normal-weight patients was 0.508 (95% CI: 0.344–0.750; p = 0.016) in the younger group. In the elderly group, diabetes, hypertension, triple disease, regular exercise, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) use after discharge, and bleeding complication were associated with primary outcome. Conclusion The obesity paradox was recognized only in the younger age group in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI.

The relationship between body mass index with quality of CPR compression in Nursing Students

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Coronary Heart Disease is one of the diseases that causes the most deaths in Indonesia. One of the causes of death from coronary heart disease is cardiac arrest. One of the help that can be given is CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation). CPR can be performed by ordinary people or trained personnel. The phenomenon that often occurs is that when compression is performed, students are often not optimal in providing compression in terms of compression depth. The impact of poor quality CPR can cause death, economic, psychological, social, and length of treatment.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Quality of Cardiac and Lung Resuscitation Compression in Nursing Students.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;This study uses a descriptive analytic research, with an observational method using a cross sectional design using a total sampling of 46 respondents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on the results of Fisher's Exact test, p-value &amp;lt; (0.001 &amp;lt; 0.05) was obtained so that there was a relationship between student BMI and quality into compression. The quality of nurses' chest compressions in performing chest compressions is lacking, even though some nurses have had cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Someone who has a high and low BMI in the hospital, it was found that when doing chest compressions the patient gets tired quickly, a high BMI is difficult to do chest compressions when getting into bed.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Body Mass Index can improve the quality of student compression in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. BMI indirectly plays an important role in the performance of nurses in order to provide optimal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.&lt;/p&gt;

Elevated LDL Cholesterol with a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet: Evidence for a “Lean Mass Hyper-Responder” Phenotype

ABSTRACTBackgroundPeople commencing a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD) experience markedly heterogenous responses in LDL cholesterol, ranging from extreme elevations to reductions.ObjectivesThe aim was to elucidate possible sources of heterogeneity in LDL cholesterol response to a CRD and thereby identify individuals who may be at risk for LDL cholesterol elevation.MethodsHypothesis-naive analyses were conducted on web survey data from 548 adults consuming a CRD. Univariate and multivariate regression models and regression trees were built to evaluate the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and baseline lipid markers. Data were also collected from a case series of five clinical patients with extremely high LDL cholesterol consuming a CRD.ResultsBMI was inversely associated with LDL cholesterol change. Low triglyceride (TG) to HDL cholesterol ratio, a marker of good metabolic health, predicted larger LDL cholesterol increases. A subgroup of respondents with LDL cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol ≥80 mg/dL, and TG ≤70 mg/dL were characterized as “lean mass hyper-responders.” Respondents with this phenotype (n = 100) had a lower BMI and, remarkably, similar prior LDL cholesterol versus other respondents. In the case series, moderate reintroduction of carbohydrate produced a marked decrease in LDL cholesterol.ConclusionsThese data suggest that, in contrast to the typical pattern of dyslipidemia, greater LDL cholesterol elevation on a CRD tends to occur in the context of otherwise low cardiometabolic risk.

Identification of Mood and Body Mass Index as Modifiable Factors for Health Improvement in Spinal Cord Injury

ObjectiveTo examine the link between body mass index (BMI) and positive and negative affect after spinal cord injury (SCI). DesignCross-sectional study. SettingInpatient and outpatient services of a rehabilitation department in Delhi, India. ParticipantsIndividuals (N=142) with spinal cord injury participated in the study. InterventionsNone. Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants were asked to rate their affect using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. BMI was assessed with an SCI-specific procedure. Demographic and injury-related details (eg, level, nature, chronicity) were taken. ResultsAs expected, BMI negatively correlated with positive affect (r=–1.70; P=.043). Furthermore, the chances of younger individuals with SCI having a lower BMI is 3.49 times the odds of the older individuals having a low BMI (odds ratio [OR], 3.491; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.520-8.018). The chances of men having low affect was higher than women (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.08-6.04). ConclusionsHigher BMI might be associated with lower positive affect and contribute to a higher risk of depression, specifically in women with SCI. These results might be used to enhance the regulation of physical activity (exercises) and affect experiences through therapeutic activities and proactive counselling for individuals with SCI.