Polymorphism of the FABP2 gene (Ala54Thr) and anthropometric, lipid and glucometabolic parameters during strengthening of physical activity

Abstract

Objective — to study effects of polymorphic variants of the FABP2 gene (Ala54Thr) on the changes in anthropometric parameters and indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in individuals with different physical activity.
 Materials and methods. Examinations involved 176 patients, from them 128 (72.7 %) women and 48 (27.3 %) men aged 37 to 57 years with low to moderate cardiovascular risk, who were observed and treated in the hospital of the L. T. Malaya Therapy National Institute. Genotyping of the polymorphism Thr54Ala 163G > A, rs179988346А > G, was carried out by polymerase chain reaction in real time using a set of reagents «SNP‑EXPRESS‑SHOT» («Litech»). Levels of total cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions (triglycerides, cholesterol of the lipoproteins of high and low density) were determined by enzymatic method. Glycemic level was determined by glucose oxidase method. Physical activity was assessed by the IPAQ (International Questionnaire on Long Physical Activity) questionnaire. Muscle strength was assessed using a CAMRY dynamometer, EH101. Body composition was determined by bioimpedance (weight OMRONHJ‑203‑EK). The training program included 3 stages: warm‑up (10 minutes), basic aerobic program (43 minutes), stretching and breathing exercises (7 minutes). SPSSIBM version 17.0 was used for statistical analysis.
 Results. Analysis of anthropometric parameters showed no difference between body mass index (BMI) and bioimpedancemetry data between the groups, although there was a trend in the group with polymorphic variant AA to lower BMI (p > 0.05), lower percentage of adipose tissue (p > 0.05) and greater strength (p > 0.05). After 12 weeks of follow‑up, there was a significant difference in the decrease of BMI, percentage of adipose tissue, caliperometry results and increased muscle strength in all groups. Analysis of lipid profile depending on the genotype of polymorphic FABP2 (Ala54Thr) revealed that carriers of the AA variant had significantly higher indices of the total cholesterol levels vs the carriers of GG variant (6.20 [5.62 — 7.61]; 5.09 [4.50 — 6.20] mmol/l. No significant difference was established for the indices of carbohydrate exchange, levels of fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (р > 0.05). After 12 weeks of physical activity, levels of fasting glucose and HbA1c decreased, however only for AA gene FABP2 (Ala54Thr) glucose reduction was significant (from 5.72 [4.68 — 7.00] up to 4.65 [4.18 — 6.00] mmol/l (p = 0.050). The analysis of genetic factors and assessment of the distribution by groups of polymorphic variants of the FABP2 gene (Ala54Thr), no significant differences in gene loci were identified.
 Conclusions. The decrease in body mass index during the 12‑week training program was established only in 68.5 % of patients. Carriers of the GG variant had a higher BMI throughout the study period compared to the carriers of AA. No association has been established between the weight loss and genotypes of the polymorphic locus FABP2 (Ala54Thr) against the background of physical activity.