Low Average Score Research Articles

THE STATUS OF GRADE EIGHT STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS AND FACTORS AFFECTING: THE CASE OF SOME SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NEKEMTE TOWN

The study's main objective was to investigate the status of grade eight students' academic achievements in mathematics in governmental primary schools of Nekemte Town and the factors affecting them. For this research, 144 students were selected using simple random sampling, and 20 teachers were selected via purposive sampling techniques. On the other hand, 15 respondents were selected via purposive sampling for an interview out of 5 sample schools; the study design was employed a sequential explanatory research approach thereby, questionnaires, post-semi-structural interviews, and observation tools that analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, multiple regression, and one-way ANOVA computed by SPSS- version 24:00. The results of students' achievement test corresponding with predicted factors was indicating a low average mean score of algebra and Geometry tests rated by accepted value (75%) of Cronbach alpha, ANOVA test scores between teachers and students respondents indicated that school facilities, teacher's quality, parental support and, parental level of education revealed (F>5.161.05) values. The results of multiple regression confirmed that the set of independent variables explained (P≤ .05) dependent variable was regressed on predicted variables such as school facility, teachers' quality, and parental educational level; however, attitude and parental support (P-v>.05). The R2=.357 depicted that the model explains 35.70% of the variance in achievement tests in mathematics. Similarly, qualitative data probe that independent study variables mainly affect students’ academic achievement in mathematics. From the finding, the researcher forwards recommendations for the unexplained variables that require diagnosis in further investigation to fit the model summary

Comparison of Oral Health Problems in Children: A Cross Sectional Survey in Pakistan

Aim: To determine and compare the oral health, in term of oral health, community periodontal and DMFT index, of primary and elementary school children. Subjects and method: In this study 694 students were examined for oral health. 347 students were from primary school whereas other half were from elementary school. The sample population was selected via a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using Simplified oral health index (OHI-s), community periodontal index (CPI) and decay missing Filled tooth (DMFT). Results: in the study 39(11.2%) of primary school students and 49(14.1%) of elementary school students have poor oral hygiene. Similarly among primary school students 62(17.9%) have bleeding gums and 30(8.6%) of the students have calculus teeth. Among elementary school students 74(21.3%) have bleeding gums and 40(11.5%) of the students have calculus teeth. Conclusion: In primary and elementary school students simplified oral health index and community periodontal index was satisfactory and no difference was observed whereas on the basis of decay missing Filled tooth index primary school students have low average score. Keywords: Oral health, school, children, cross sectional survey

Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Disparities in Cardiovascular Health Among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States.

BackgroundIn the United States, large disparities in cardiovascular health (CVH) exist in the general population, but little is known about the CVH status and its disparities among women of childbearing age (ie, 18–49 years).Methods and ResultsIn this cross‐sectional study, we examined racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities in CVH among all women of childbearing age in the United States, using the 2011 to 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Life's Simple 7 (ie, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet) was used to examine CVH. Women with 7 ideal CVH metrics were determined to have ideal CVH. Among the 269 564 women of childbearing age, 13 800 (4.84%) had ideal CVH. After adjusting for potential confounders, non‐Hispanic Black women were less likely to have ideal CVH (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.46–0.63) compared with non‐Hispanic White women, and with significantly lower odds of having ideal metrics of blood pressure, blood glucose, body mass index, and physical activity. No significant difference in CVH was found between non‐Hispanic White and Hispanic women. Large geographic disparities with temporal variations were observed, with the age‐ and race‐adjusted ideal CVH prevalence ranging from 4.05% in the District of Columbia (2011) to 5.55% in Maine and Montana (2019). States with low ideal CVH prevalence and average CVH score were mostly clustered in the southern United States.ConclusionsLarge racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities in CVH exist among women of childbearing age. More efforts are warranted to understand and address these disparities.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbantuan LKS terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Lape Kabupaten Sumbawa

The success in learning Biology can be seen from the cognitive abilities of students, but a low average score is an indication of difficulties in students' science process skills skills related to ecosystem material. This study aims to determine the effect of the problem based learning model assisted by student worksheets (LKS) on students' science process skills. The research design used was quasi-experimental in the form of one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were all class VIII, while the sample selected was class VIIIA as the experiment class. This sample was determined using a saturated sampling technique. Data regarding science process skills were taken using the pretest-postest instrument in the form of essay questions. Before further analyzing the pretest-postest results, the two classes were first tested for normality and homogeneity. The results of the hypothesis test show that = 13,646> = 1,734 which means that Ho is rejected, so that there is a difference between the experimental class science process skills on the posttest and pretest results or in other words there is an effect of the learning model of problem based learning assisted by LKS on students' science process skills. This indicates that learning with a learning model of problem based learning assisted by student worksheets allows students to achieve science process skills.

Abstract 3166: Impact of cancer associated fibroblast phenotypes on the infiltration of t-lymphocytes in early age onset colorectal cancer

Abstract Background: Incidences of early age onset colorectal cancer (CRC) (those diagnosed before age 50) have been increasing by 2% every year since the 1990s, with the rate expecting to double by 2030. Although there has been some research done on differences in mutational profiles between patients diagnosed before and after age 50, little research has been done to understand the immune and stromal environments of early age onset (EAO) CRC. As identified by previous literature, there are two distinct phenotypes of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs): myofibroblastic (myCAFs) and non-myofibroblastic (non-myCAFs). Here, we evaluate both CAF environments as well as immune infiltrating cells in context of EAO CRC. Methods: A total of 153 CRC patient samples were obtained with matching adjacent normal tissue. Of these, 60 patients had EAO CRC. Tissue slides were stained via immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the CAF subtype markers αSMA, FAP, PDPN, and MMP2, by Masson's Trichrome for collagen, and then quantified on an intensity scale from 0-3. MyCAF and non-myCAF scores were calculated by averaging the scores of αSMA and collagen, or FAP, PDPN, and MMP2, respectively. Once these scores were determined, they were split into low (average score <2) and high (average score ≥2) groups. CD4 and CD8 IHC stains were quantified as the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) per high power field (HPF) in the epithelial compartment. Results: Cancers with a low myCAF and non-myCAF score display the highest average number of CD4+ (10.6) and CD8+ (10.3) TILs across both age groups. Furthermore, cancers with both myCAF and non-myCAF high scores had reduced average CD4+ and CD8+ TILs when compared to both CAF scores being low (p value: 0.018 for CD8+ TILs, <0.001 for CD4+ TILs). Also, cancers that show myCAF high and non-myCAF low scores show the overall lowest average CD8+ TILs. Comparing the age groups directly, there are significantly higher CD4+ TILs in the 50+ age group in all CAF phenotypes except non-myCAF high (p-values 0.01 myCAF low, 0.05 myCAF high, 0.007 non-myCAF low, 0.36 non-myCAF high). However, for CD8+ TILs, the EAO CRC group trends towards higher CD8+ TILs in the myCAF high (3.7 vs 2.1) and non-myCAF high cancers (5.7 vs 3.3), but lower CD8+ TILs in myCAF low (6.8 vs 10.5) and non-myCAF low cancers (4.0 vs 8.4) when compared to the 50+ age group. Conclusions: Here we demonstrate that there are differences in the stromal and immune microenvironments between both age groups of CRC. We indicate that increased myCAF and non-myCAF scores are associated with T cell exclusion. However, the extent of T cell exclusion is different in EAO CRC compared to patients diagnosed after age 50. The reasoning for the difference in T-cell exclusion remains unknown and this implicates the importance for further research into the stromal and immune microenvironments of EAO CRC. Citation Format: Anna Lippert, Katherine A. Johnson, Philip B. Emmerich, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyi, Wei Zhang, Dustin A. Deming. Impact of cancer associated fibroblast phenotypes on the infiltration of t-lymphocytes in early age onset colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3166.

Improving Learning Activities Using Visual Media in Class III Elementary School

The main problem in this classroom action research is the low activity and learning outcomes of students in thematic learning, which is caused by the teacher's less optimal in delivering learning material during the learning process in the classroom. This can be seen from the results of the tests which identified the low average score of students' daily tests in each subject and through interviews. This research is a classroom action research (PTK). This research was conducted at Raudhatul Jannah Islamic Elementary School in the second semester of the 2014/2015 academic year. The research subjects were 24 grade III students. The data analysis in this study were quantitative and qualitative descriptions. This research was conducted in two cycles, namely the Environmental Theme with the sub-theme of My Home Environment. The results of the study were seen in the observation sheet of student and teacher activities in the learning activities of cycle I and cycle II in the good category. Meanwhile, based on the results of the first cycle test, the students completed individually as many as 16 out of 24 students. With 67% classical completeness. Whereas in cycle 2 students who completed individually were 22 out of 24 students with 92% classical completeness. It can be concluded that using visual media can increase the activity and thematic learning outcomes of students in grade 3.

The impact of codon choice on translation process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: folding class, protein function and secondary structure

The genetic code consists in a set of rules used by living organisms to translate genomic information, contained in genes, into proteins; every amino acid is coded by a set of nucleotide triplets or codons. We refer to codon choice as the choice of a given codon, among the synonymous available ones, to code a given amino acid occurrence.The aim of this work is to shed light on the pivotal role that codon choice plays in regulating the timing of translation process, through patterns of low and high translation efficiency codons. A translation efficiency value, namely codon score, was associated to each codon through a formula based on the number of tRNAs gene copies able to translate the given codon. By using codon scores, those k-mers of the proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showing low and high average scores associated to the correspondent codons, were computed.The analysis of distribution of both low and high average score k-mers clearly showed that, in particular for higher k-mer size, they occur much more than expected, strongly suggesting a functional role. Moreover performed analysis highlighted that significant k-mers preferentially occur in some protein folding classes, such as those containing alpha helices, and in some functional classes mainly involved in transcription process while codon choice seems to have a very low impact in proteins associated to energy production and metabolism. The relationship between secondary structures and significant k-mers was investigated, revealing that low score k-mers tend to preferentially occur in coil or close to coil regions and almost never in beta sheets, while high score k-mers preferentially occur in alpha helices, avoiding beta sheets, and close to coil regions for high k-mer sizes.Finally the analysis of distribution of significant codon patterns along the proteins highlighted a relevant enrichment of low average score k-mers at the 5’ end of protein-coding sequences in the region from 5th to 25th amino acid.

Perspectives of unaccompanied refugee children, their foster carers and guardians on placement success: Which factors predict multi-informant discrepancies?

This study examined multi-informant discrepancies (between child, carer, and guardian perspectives) regarding placement success of 39 foster placements, as well as possible factors associated with these discrepancies. We also examined whether these discrepancies in placement success at baseline measurement (T0) are related to placement breakdown at second measurement (T1). The results showed that when placements are rated with a high average placement success score (looking at child-carer and child-guardian dyads), the child and carer, as well as the child and guardian generally agree on the success of the foster placement, showing low discrepancy. In contrast, placements with a low average score on placement success show large discrepancies between the perspectives, which may also lead to breakdown. Results of the multilevel analyses showed that discrepancies regarding placement success were mainly associated with differences in perspectives regarding fostering factors (i.e., quality of the caregiving environment, child-carer and child-guardian relationship) and child factors (i.e., conduct problems, emotional problems). The results indicate that children and their carers or guardians disagree more on the success of the placement if they disagree on the quality of the caregiving environment, the child's conduct and emotional problems, and the quality of the child-carer and child-guardian relationship. The outcomes of our study might be especially helpful for guardians in shaping their guidance practices.

An examination of the emotional intelligence of school principals and the impact on school climate in public schools in the United Arab Emirates

An examination of the emotional intelligence of school principals and the impact on school climate in public schools in the United Arab Emirates

Longer term outcomes following serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease.

To characterise the physical, psychological, and quality of life burden associated with serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in children. Children aged up to 14 years at the time of serogroup B IMD, who were admitted to intensive care units of two tertiary paediatric hospitals in New South Wales, Australia between January 2009 and December 2013 were recruited. Children underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments up to 6 years post-disease. Eleven children were assessed, with a median age of 16 months (range 4-46 months) at time of disease. The median follow-up time was 50 months (range 10-67 months). Seven (63.6%) cases had one or more long-term sequelae involving permanent and evolving physical disability. Three cases had ongoing medical conditions including two with seizures and one with ataxia and hypermetropia. Five required ongoing medical and allied health care. Other complications identified included anxiety, speech delay, low average full-scale IQ score (median 85, interquartile range 89-103) and borderline memory impairment. Serogroup B IMD is associated with significant long-term morbidity and burden on the child and family with substantial economic implications. The impact of this on the total cost of IMD needs to be further quantified, and better considered in vaccine cost-effectiveness analyses.

ANALISIS CAPAIAN BELAJAR SISWA SMAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2019 DENGAN PEMODELAN MIXED GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION

Capaian belajar siswa secara nasional selama ini diukur dengan hasil Ujian Nasional (UN). Sebaran nilai UN siswa SMAN di Indonesia cenderung tidak merata, dimana capaian belajar yang tinggi hanya berada di pulau Jawa. Ironisnya, wilayah di Kawasan Timur Indonesia memiliki rata-rata nilai UN yang sangat rendah. Hal yang menarik bahwa wilayah dengan kategori nilai yang sama cenderung berdekatan dan mengindikasikan terdapat efek kewilayahan pada capaian belajar di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis karakteristik dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi capaian belajar siswa SMAN tingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia tahun 2019 dengan pendekatan model mixed Geographically Weighted Analysis (mixed GWR). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa terdapat efek autokorelasi spasial dan heterogenitas spasial dalam pemodelan nilai UN SMAN tingkat kabupaten/kota dan faktor yang memengaruhinya di Indonesia pada tahun 2019. Analisis menggunakan metode mixed GWR menghasilkan variabel kondisi bangunan ruang kelas, rasio siswa per kelas, dan nilai Uji Kompetensi Guru memengaruhi capaian belajar secara lokal di tiap kabupaten/kota. Sementara, PDRB per kapita berpengaruh secara global terhadap capaian belajar. Saran yang diberikan yaitu perbaikan bangunan ruang kelas, distribusi jumlah siswa per kelas dan sebaran guru berkemampuan tinggi yang lebih merata. Selain itu, perlu diadakan bentuk ujian yang lebih dapat menggambarkan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia, sebagai pengganti Ujian Nasional.

A Comparative Analysis of Student and Practising Nurses' Health Literacy Knowledge in Ghana.

This study examined student and practising nurses’ health literacy knowledge, and its correlates in Ghana. It was underpinned by an adapted version of the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) conceptual framework of health literacy. We used convenience and snowball sampling techniques to collect data from 876 nurses (477 student nurses and 399 practising nurses) in a cross-sectional survey from February 2019 to June 2019. The respondents were drawn from all the former ten administrative regions of Ghana. Approximately 75.4% of the respondents had heard of health literacy. However, health literacy knowledge was generally low (average score of 6.6 out of 20) among both groups, with student nurses (average score of 5.8 out of 20) having significantly lower scores than practising nurses (average score of 7.4 out of 20). Factors associated with health literacy knowledge among student nurses included gender (male, B = −0.499, p < 0.01), trust in others (B = −0.874, p < 0.001), cultural values (B = 0.276, p < 0.001), year of study (B = 0.244, p < 0.05), and frequency of curative care use (B = −0.236, p < 0.05). For practising nurses, trust (B = −1.252, p < 0.01), cultural values (B = 0.357, p < 0.01), and working experience (B = 0.612, p < 0.01) were associated with their health literacy knowledge. Thus, responses targeted at gaps in health literacy knowledge of student and practising nurses must be sensitive to personal characteristics (e.g., gender), social values (e.g., issues of trust, and cultural beliefs and practices), as well as factors relating to nursing education and experience.

Do Egyptian listed companies support SDGs? Evidence from UNCTAD guidance on core indicators disclosures

This paper provides an exploratory analysis of the extent of Sustainable Development Goals disclosure (SDGD) by the top 30 Egyptian companies. We use the 33 core indicators of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), which span economic, institutional, social, and environmental areas. Overall, the results suggest that SDGD in Egypt is still gaining traction, as indicated by a relatively low average disclosure score of only 25%, which translates to approximately eight indicators. We also document a variation in SDGD among the four areas, where disclosure addressing economic and institutional indicators is higher than that of social and environmental areas. This variation could be attributed to the differential regulatory and legal intensity. Disclosure is most noticeable for taxes, employment, women empowerment, financial transparency, corporate governance, and energy. We argue that Egypt has the legislative infrastructure and clear political will from the state to support sustainable development. However, there is a need for coordinated awareness efforts to establish a culture of sustainable development among various stakeholders, including businesses. Finally, there should be a stronger conviction regarding the importance of information sharing as well as comprehensive reporting standards and enhanced regulatory enforcement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to address the status of SDGD in Egypt. Accordingly, there is a need for future research that analyzes both the determinants of SDGD and its consequences

Penerapan Metode Mind Mapping untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Peserta Didik

The research is based on students low average score in Bahasa Indonesia skill on fifth grade student at MI Islamiyah Popoh especially in explaining historical narrative text Theme 7 Subtheme 2 lesson 6. The purpose of this research is to improve students skill by using Mind Mapping method in the indicator of present informations. This method is expected to assist student in learning Bahasa Indonesia. The result of research showed that implementing Mind Mapping can improve students skll in explaining information. First cycle of evaluation showed there were 56% students who didn’t passed the minimum completness criteria, 44% studens passed the minimum criteria. The minimum completeness criteria set is 75 and classically 80% students passed. In the second cycle, there was a significant increase with a percentage of 19% of students who had not completed and 81% of students had completed with a class average of 82.8.

Abstract 3520: Immunogenomic landscape of grade group 5 prostate cancer predicts risk of lethal outcomes and may inform treatment response

Abstract Introduction Prognostic and therapeutic implications of the immunogenomic landscape in poorly differentiated Grade Group 5 (GG5) prostate cancer (PCa) remains largely unknown. While novel treatment strategies including immuno-radiotherapy have been hypothesized to attenuate disease progression in advanced PCa, limited data exist to show underlying mechanisms related to immunogenomcis and its role in the management of GG5 PCa. Method This retrospective analysis includes 822 PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with pathologic GG5 disease. Immunogenomic interaction between the immune content score (ICS) and Decipher score was used to predict the metastasis and Prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM). Immunogenomic interaction categories were used to assess patient response to radiation therapy, measured by the PORTOS score. Additionally, 135 biopsy based tumor samples were also used to validate the immunogenomic correlation between ICS and Decipher as well as the association with PORTOS score. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare median scores whereas methods of survival analysis were used for time dependent endpoints. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to show sample clustering based on PORTOS score. Results Among GG5 patients 64.8% had high Decipher risk score (&amp;gt; 0.60) whereas 35.5% had low-average risk score (≤ 0.60). When comparing Decipher risk categories with ICS, a linear association was observed with the highest ICS quartile showing the highest Decipher score (Spearman's correlation 0.23, p &amp;lt; 2.4e−11). In a multivariable model, high Decipher score was associated with risk metastasis (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.12 - 2.37, p = 0.01) and PCSM (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.93 – 2.78, p = 0.08) whereas high ICS did not show significant effect on lethal outcomes. However, in the interaction model, effect of decipher on lethal outcomes was augmented in relation with higher ICS. Patients with ICSHigh and DecipherHigh showed significantly higher risk of metastasis (HR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.53 - 7.07, p = 0.002) and PCSM (HR = 4.15, 95% CI: 1.55 - 11.0, p = 0.004). Additionally, ICSHigh and DecipherHigh also showed higher PORTOS score compared to those with ICSLow and DecipherLow (p &amp;lt; 2.2e−16). Similar to RP cases, in the validation biopsy data Decipher score and ICS were associated (p = 0.01). Likewise, the association of immunogenomic categories with PORTOS score was also consistent in the validation dataset (p = 0.0002). PCA in both RP and validation data using other T cells (i.e. CD4+, CD8+ and Treg) along with ICS, showed separation of high and low PORTOS score categories in relation to immune cells. Conclusions The immunogenomic landscape of GG5 disease has major prognostic and therapeutic implications in aggressive PCa. Immunogenomic interaction between immune content and genomic risk classifiers can be used to identify subsets of patients who are at increased risk of metastasis and PCSM, and may have enhanced response to radiotherapy. Citation Format: Kosj Yamoah, Shivanshu Awasthi, Brandon Mahal, Shuang G. Zhao, Julieta Abraham-Miranda, Travis A. Gerke, Elai Davicioni, Robert J. Rounbehler, Anders E. Berglund, Daniel G. Grass, Jong Y. Park, Julio M. Pow-Sang, Daniel Fernandez, Rohit K. Jain, Edward M. Schaeffer, Stephen Freedland, Daniel E. Spratt, Robert B. Den, Manish Kohli, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Felix Y. Fang. Immunogenomic landscape of grade group 5 prostate cancer predicts risk of lethal outcomes and may inform treatment response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3520.

Cost and effects of integrated care: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

BackgroundHealth and care services are becoming increasingly strained and healthcare authorities worldwide are investing in integrated care in the hope of delivering higher-quality services while containing costs. The cost-effectiveness of integrated care, however, remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to appraise current economic evaluations of integrated care and assesses the impact on outcomes and costs.MethodsCINAHL, DARE, EMBASE, Medline/PubMed, NHS EED, OECD Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and WHOLIS databases from inception to 31 December 2019 were searched to identify studies assessing the cost-effectiveness of integrated care. Study quality was assessed using an adapted CHEERS checklist and used as weight in a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate mean cost and mean outcomes of integrated care.ResultsSelected studies achieved a relatively low average quality score of 65.0% (± 18.7%). Overall meta-analyses from 34 studies showed a significant decrease in costs (0.94; CI 0.90–0.99) and a statistically significant improvement in outcomes (1.06; CI 1.05–1.08) associated with integrated care compared to the control. There is substantial heterogeneity in both costs and outcomes across subgroups. Results were significant in studies lasting over 12 months (12 studies), with both a decrease in cost (0.87; CI 0.80–0.94) and improvement in outcomes (1.15; 95% CI 1.11–1.18) for integrated care interventions; whereas, these associations were not significant in studies with follow-up less than a year.ConclusionOur findings suggest that integrated care is likely to reduce cost and improve outcome. However, existing evidence varies largely and is of moderate quality. Future economic evaluation should target methodological issues to aid policy decisions with more robust evidence on the cost-effectiveness of integrated care.

Reliability and quality of online patient education videos for lateral lumbar interbody fusion.

There is an increasing trend among patients and their families to seek medical knowledge on the internet. Patients undergoing surgical interventions, including lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), often rely on online videos as a first source of knowledge to familiarize themselves with the procedure. In this study the authors sought to investigate the reliability and quality of LLIF-related online videos. In December 2018, the authors searched the YouTube platform using 3 search terms: lateral lumbar interbody fusion, LLIF surgery, and LLIF. The relevance-based ranking search option was used, and results from the first 3 pages were investigated. Only videos from universities, hospitals, and academic associations were included for final evaluation. By means of the DISCERN instrument, a validated measure of reliability and quality for online patient education resources, 3 authors of the present study independently evaluated the quality of information. In total, 296 videos were identified by using the 3 search terms. Ten videos met inclusion criteria and were further evaluated. The average (± SD) DISCERN video quality assessment score for these 10 videos was 3.42 ± 0.16. Two videos (20%) had an average score above 4, corresponding to a high-quality source of information. Of the remaining 8 videos, 6 (60%) scored moderately, in the range of 3-4, indicating that the publication is reliable but important information is missing. The final 2 videos (20%) had a low average score (2 or below), indicating that they are unlikely to be of any benefit and should not be used. Videos with intraoperative clips were significantly more popular, as indicated by the numbers of likes and views (p = 0.01). There was no correlation between video popularity and DISCERN score (p = 0.104). In August 2019, the total number of views for the 10 videos in the final analysis was 537,785. The findings of this study demonstrate that patients who seek to access information about LLIF by using the YouTube platform will be presented with an overall moderate quality of educational content on this procedure. Moreover, compared with videos that provide patient information on treatments used in other medical fields, videos providing information on LLIF surgery are still exiguous. In view of the increasing trend to seek medical knowledge on the YouTube platform, and in order to support and optimize patient education on LLIF surgery, the authors encourage academic neurosurgery institutions in the United States and worldwide to implement the release of reliable video educational content.

Integrated score of publication performance of leading organizations of EMERCOM of Russia (2005–2019)

Relevance. To improve the quality of publications while maintaining their growth rate, employees of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia have approved a methodology for assessing the integrated score of publication performance of organizations.Intention. Analysis of the integrated score of publication performance of the leading educational and scientific organizations of the Russian Emergencies Ministry for 10 years (2010–2019).Methodology. The object of the study was the annual indicators of the integrated score of publication performance of the Russian Emercom as calculated by the staff of the Scientific Electronic Library [https://www.elibrary.ru/].Results and Discussion. A low average annual integrated score of publication performance was revealed in the Emercom of Russia. For an educational organization in the Russian Emercom, it amounted to (55.67 ±5.8) points, for a research organization – (29.0 ± 1.5) points (p &lt; 0.01). The average annual integrated score of publication performance for the same period at Omsk State Technical University turned out to be 6 times higher (306.4 ± 19.0) than the average for educational institutions of the Russian EMERCOM (p &lt; 0.001). It turned out that the EMERCOM of Russia had few highly rated publications on computer and information sciences, physical and chemical branches of knowledge, and quite a lot of publications on social sciences. Most likely, the latter are not a priority in the state assignment for research and development of the EMERCOM of Russia. Shown are the ways to increase the integrated score of publication performance of the EMERCOM of Russia organizations.Conclusion. The slogan of researchers “print or die” in modern conditions is becoming less and less relevant. Russian and world science were flooded with insignificant and sometimes false publications. The fractional calculation of the integrated score of publication performance will make the authors think before including anyone in gift co-authorship or creating “fake” affiliations. This methodology will help improve the quality of domestic publications, and printing weak articles will become irrelevant.

Are countries\u2019 self-reported assessments of their capacity for infectious disease control reliable? Associations among countries\u2019 self-reported international health regulation 2005 capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes.MethodsCountries’ self-reported assessments implemented by percentages as IHR Monitoring Tools (IHRMT) in 2016 and 2017 were used to represent national capacity regarding infectious disease control. WHO Disease Outbreak News and matched diseases reports on ProMED-mail were collected in 2016 to represent disease control outcomes of countries. Disease control outcomes were divided in good, normal and bad groups based on the development of outbreaks listed in the reports. The Human Development Index (HDI), density of physicians and nurses, health expenditure, number of arrivals of international tourists were also collected for control. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied for analysis.ResultsA total of 907 cases occurred in 92 countries. For all diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries (OR = 2.19 for IHR 2016, OR = 2.97 for IHR 2017). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 7.83 for IHR 2016 and OR = 2.23 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. For only human diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries for IHR 2017 (OR = 2.79). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 11.16 for IHR 2016 and OR = 3.45 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. The HDI, health workforce density and total health expenditure were all positively associated with disease control outcomes.ConclusionsCountries’ self-reported infectious disease control capacities positively correlated with their disease control outcomes. While the self-reported IHR scores were accountable to some degree, this approach was useful for understanding global capacity in infectious disease control and in allocating resources for future preparedness.

Improving Nurse Job Satisfaction Through Sharia Services: A Literature Review

Facts regarding nurses' job dissatisfaction in health services are still widely found. Nurse job satisfaction in China is relatively low (average score of 2.48 ± 0.49 on the rating scale 1-5). Nurse job satisfaction in Semarang Indonesia is still low at 46.3%. Problems that arise due to the dissatisfaction of nurses' work are a decrease in the level of patient safety and problems in the field of resource management such as work abstentions, fatigue, and turnover. Sharia service is a form of spiritual service based on the Al Quran and Hades. The aim of this study was to determine efforts to increase nurse job satisfaction through the application of sharia services. The method used in this study is literature review through searching articles/ research journals on the Science Direct website, Pubmed, and the google scholar search engine (Nursing Journal and Health Journal) in 2009-2019 with the keywords: nurse job satisfaction, sharia services. Sharia nursing services can increase nurse job satisfaction because the spiritual needs of nurses are met which can increase self-sensitivity and increase effective self coping in providing nursing services to patients and make nurses work meaningful so that job satisfaction can be felt. Sharia nursing services can be implemented as an effort to increase nurse job satisfaction.