Calotes Research Articles

Mengembangkan Minat dan Kemampuan Bahasa Inggris Remaja di Lingkungan Bappeda Kota Tebing Tinggi

The problems that children face today are related to learning in pandemic times like these. Children ranging from high school to high school have difficulty learning English. Besides that English is not the everyday language that makes them strangers use it, English is also considered to be a difficult language. It's happening in many places where a lot of parents can't afford or want to enroll their children in English courses, like children in the BAPPEDA High Hill neighborhood. They want to understand and master English because English is an international language. In this practice I as a practitioner helped develop the interest and ability of the English language in teenagers who are in the BAPPEDA neighborhood. The solutions offered in the practical activities of the appropriate intervention program are used in this problem, namely micro intervention by Skidmore (Adi, 2013), case work consisting of stages such as Engagement, Intake and contract, Assessment or Program Planning, Intervention, Evaluation, and Termination. By using Skidmore's method, it's easier to practice solving client problems. The results of this activity aim to make the youth in this BAPPEDA neighborhood more confident, able to compete and not lag behind other teens on English language skills

Systematic revision of the Calotes jerdoni complex (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) in the Pan-Himalaya

Abstract Owing to the harsh terrain, few biodiversity surveys have been carried out in the Pan-Himalaya Region. Among the understudied taxa from this region, Jerdon’s forest lizard, Calotes jerdoni, is believed to have a wide distribution, from northeast India to southwestern China. However, given the heterogeneous environment across its range and the lack of studies on this species, its taxonomy remains questionable. Using integrative taxonomic methods, we combined both morphological and genetic data from the type and topotypic specimens and examined the current taxonomic hypothesis of C. jerdoni across its range. Molecular data reveal that C. jerdoni as currently recognized, contains three deeply diverged lineages: one from the type locality in Northeast India, one from Western Myanmar, and another one from Southwestern China. The uncorrected genetic distances of mitochondrial coding gene ND2 among these three clades ranged over 10%. The Chinese population is sister to C. medogensis and paraphyletic to the remaining two clades of C. jerdoni. Morphological analyses confirm the results of the molecular analyses, where the Myanmar and Chinese populations can be diagnosed statistically in both univariate and multivariate space from the true C. jerdoni, as well as by a suite of reliable categorical morphological characters, including the size and shape of gular scales and ventral scales. To resolve the current taxonomic confusion, we resurrect the junior synonym, C. yunnanensis, for the Chinese population and expand its distribution to Myanmar, redescribe the elusive C. maria and C. medogensis based on its type material, and describe the remaining western Myanmar population as a new species. We further discuss the possibility of additional cryptic species within the complex in the Pan-Himalaya Region and provide a diagnostic key to all recognized members of the C. jerdoni complex.

Plasticity of Gene Expression and Thermal Tolerance: Implications for Climate Change Vulnerability in a Tropical Forest Lizard.

AbstractTropical ectotherms are thought to be especially vulnerable to climate change because they have evolved in temporally stable thermal environments and therefore have decreased tolerance for thermal variability. Thus, they are expected to have narrow thermal tolerance ranges, live close to their upper thermal tolerance limits, and have decreased thermal acclimation capacity. Although models often predict that tropical forest ectotherms are especially vulnerable to rapid environmental shifts, these models rarely include the potential for plasticity of relevant traits. We measured phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance and thermal preference as well as multitissue transcriptome plasticity in response to warmer temperatures in a species that previous work has suggested is highly vulnerable to climate warming, the Panamanian slender anole lizard (Anolis apletophallus). We found that many genes, including heat shock proteins, were differentially expressed across tissues in response to short-term warming. Under long-term warming, the voluntary thermal maxima of lizards also increased, although thermal preference exhibited only limited plasticity. Using these data, we modeled changes in the activity time of slender anoles through the end of the century under climate change and found that plasticity should delay declines in activity time by at least two decades. Our results suggest that slender anoles, and possibly other tropical ectotherms, can alter the expression of genes and phenotypes when responding to shifting environmental temperatures and that plasticity should be considered when predicting the future of organisms under a changing climate.

Inter- and intrapopulation resource use variation of marine subsidized western fence lizards

Marine resource subsidies alter consumer dynamics of recipient populations in coastal systems. The response to these subsidies by generalist consumers is often not uniform, creating inter- and intrapopulation diet variation and niche diversification that may be intensified across heterogeneous landscapes. We sampled western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, from Puget Sound beaches and coastal and inland forest habitats, in addition to the lizards’ marine and terrestrial prey items to quantify marine and terrestrial resource use with stable isotope analysis and mixing models. Beach lizards had higher average δ13C and δ15N values compared to coastal and inland forest lizards, exhibiting a strong mixing line between marine and terrestrial prey items. Across five beach sites, lizard populations received 20–51% of their diet from marine resources, on average, with individual lizards ranging between 7 and 86% marine diet. The hillslope of the transition zone between marine and terrestrial environments at beach sites was positively associated with marine-based diets, as the steepest sloped beach sites had the highest percent marine diets. Within-beach variation in transition zone slope was positively correlated with the isotopic niche space of beach lizard populations. These results demonstrate that physiography of transitional landscapes can mediate resource flow between environments, and variable habitat topography promotes niche diversification within lizard populations. Marine resource subsidization of Puget Sound beach S. occidentalis populations may facilitate occupation of the northwesternmost edge of the species range. Shoreline restoration and driftwood beach habitat conservation are important to support the unique ecology of Puget Sound S. occidentalis.

The Causes, Main Performance, and Improvement Measures of Labor Mismatch in China

Labor mismatch affects social and economic efficiency and fairness, and China's labor mismatch needs to be solved urgently. This paper analyzes the phenomenon and causes of China's labor mismatch and tries to put forward solutions. The analysis divides the labor mismatch into three main parts, which are region, education, and industry. The regional mismatch of the labor force is manifested as abundant labor resources in the east and a lack of labor resources in the west. The Eastern region is more developed, and the demand for labor force is large, so there is a shortage of labor force allocation. Due to the poor flow of the labor force, excessive allocation of labor force also exits in the West. In terms of education, the mismatch between talent skills and market demand is an important reason for labor mismatch. There is a talent shortage in some industries, but lots of graduates can't find jobs. Therefore, industry-university-research should be combined. In terms of industry, some young workers today prefer to choose free or emerging industries rather than traditional ones, resulting in a lack of labor in traditional industries. Therefore, traditional industries should carry out upgrading and intelligent transformation.

Dehydration alters behavioral thermoregulation and the geography of climatic vulnerability in two Amazonian lizards.

High temperatures and low water availability often strike organisms concomitantly. Observing how organisms behaviorally thermohydroregulate may help us to better understand their climatic vulnerability. This is especially important for tropical forest lizards, species that are purportedly under greater climatic risk. Here, we observed the influence of hydration level on the Voluntary Thermal Maximum (VTmax) in two small Amazonian lizard species: Loxopholis ferreirai (semiaquatic and scansorial) and Loxopholis percarinatum (leaf litter parthenogenetic dweller), accounting for several potential confounding factors (handling, body mass, starting temperature and heating rate). Next, we used two modeling approaches (simple mapping of thermal margins and NicheMapR) to compare the effects of dehydration, decrease in precipitation, ability to burrow, and tree cover availability, on geographic models of climatic vulnerability. We found that VTmax decreased with dehydration, starting temperature, and heating rates in both species. The two modeling approaches showed that dehydration may alter the expected intensity, extent, and duration of perceived thermal risk across the Amazon basin for these forest lizards. Based on our results and previous studies, we identify new evidence needed to better understand thermohydroregulation and to model the geography of climatic risk using the VTmax.

Overcoming Social Anxiety: How Virtual Reality and Game-Based Elements are Revolutionizing Patient Therapy.

In this paper, we reflect upon the design process and the game-elements for developing a tool for patients. These reflections are based upon a case in where we developed six different Virtual Reality (VR) scenarios as a combined tool for treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD) for usage within the Danish healthcare system. The core theory for this development is based upon behavioral therapy as a standardized treatment method and the exposure that occur within this. This research is a part of a larger funded project titled VR8, which also contains integration of biofeedback and the application of the practice in where the tool should be applied. The main goal of this paper is to explain the development of the six scenarios, to provide a deeper understanding for the patients on how their anxiety triggers unfolds when exposed to a variety of different scenarios. And to provide a tool for both patients and practitioners to use as an addition to existing treatment methods. The reason for this development is due to (among others) the cost-reduction, time-reduction, heighten of effectivity and user experience in using VR as a tool for treatment compared to regular in-vivo exposure therapy in where the practitioner guides the patient in a physical environment. In this environment a lot of factors can’t be controlled and often results in the patient giving up and abandoning the treatment. With VR it is a controlled and closed environment making it more suitable for the patient to interact and level out their anxiety. The combination of iterative design thinking, filmmaking methods, game-based elements and agile software development are used as the core methods to develop the six scenarios. The six scenarios are developed with the aid of specific game-based elements, such as: mapping, level-design, audio control and remote action triggers.

Negative effects of the spatial clumping of thermal resources on lizard thermoregulation in a fragmented habitat

In ecosystems threatened by the expansion of croplands, habitat fragmentation and climate change, two of the main extinction drivers, may have thermoregulation-mediated interacting effects on demographic trends of terrestrial ectotherms. We studied the thermal biology of a metapopulation of the widespread Mediterranean lacertid Psammodromus algirus in ten fragments of evergreen or deciduous oak forests interspersed among cereal fields. We obtained thermoregulation statistics (selected temperature range, body and operative temperatures, thermal quality of the habitat, and precision, accuracy, and effectiveness of thermoregulation) that could be compared among fragments and with conspecific populations living in unfragmented habitat. We also measured the selection (use vs. availability) and spatial distribution of sunlit and shaded patches used for behavioral thermoregulation in fragments, and we estimated operative temperatures and thermal habitat quality in the agricultural matrix surrounding the fragments. Variation of the thermal environment was much larger within fragments than among them, and thermoregulation was accurate, precise, and efficient throughout the fragmented landscape; its effectiveness was similar to that of previously studied unfragmented populations. The average distance between sunlit and shaded patches was shorter in deciduous than in evergreen fragments, producing a more clumped distribution of the mosaic of thermal resources. Consequently, in evergreen habitat the cost of thermoregulation was higher, because lizards were more selective in their choice of sunlit sites (i.e. they used sunlit patches closer to shade and refuge than expected at random, and the extent of such selection was larger than at deciduous habitat). Temperatures available in croplands were too high to allow lizard dispersal, at least in the post-breeding season. This result confirms the role of croplands as a thermal barrier that promotes inbreeding and associated fitness losses in isolated fragments, and it forecasts a dark future for populations of forest lizards in agricultural landscapes under the combined effects of habitat fragmentation and global warming.

Construction of a new smooth support vector machine model and its application in heart disease diagnosis.

Support vector machine (SVM) is a new machine learning method developed from statistical learning theory. Since the objective function of the unconstrained SVM model is a non-smooth function, a lot of fast optimization algorithms can't be used to find the solution. Firstly, to overcome the non-smooth property of this model, a new padé33 approximation smooth function is constructed by rational approximation method, and a new smooth support vector machine model (SSVM) is established based on the smooth function. Then, by analyzing the performance of the smooth function, we find that the smooth precision is significantly higher than existing smooth functions. Moreover, theoretical and rigorous mathematical analyses are given to prove the convergence of the new model. Finally, it is applied to the heart disease diagnosis. The results show that the Padé33-SSVM model has better classification capability than existing SSVMs.

Abundance and diversity of herpetofauna population of Korapuzha Estuary, India: A transitioning shoreline ecosystem

A comprehensive assessment of the Korapuzha Estuary's herpetofauna species diversity was done from September 2018 to September 2019. Amphibians and reptiles were spotted along a terrestrial stretch using active searching; call survey; road-kill analysis and direct observation (opportunistic spotting). The findings reveal 16 species of reptiles from 11 families and 1 amphibian. The Indian Skipper Frog is the sole amphibian that has been identified. 4 species of the order Testudines and 12 species of the order Squamata were identified among all the reptiles. The Common Indian Monitor, garden lizard, Indian Cobra, Oriental Ratsnake, and Indian Black Turtle, were the most frequently seen reptiles. The banded Krait (Bungarus fasciatus) was recorded for the first time in Kerala's marshes. Pelochelys cantorii (Cantor's Giant Softshell), a species of reptile fauna, is listed on IUCN redlist as a critically endangered species. The frequency of herpetofauna is significantly limited owing to the region's close vicinity to the ocean, which prevents taxa from dispersing despite the fact that these organisms are difficult to locate due to their paradoxical activities.

Wildlife road-kills on the Tikauli section of East-West Highway in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal

Roads are one of the linear infrastructures that play important role in nation development. Roads create barrier for the movement of wildlife, however, their impacts on wildlife are not sufficiently studied in Nepal. Thus, current study attempted to explore the impacts of Tikauli section of East-West Highway of Nepal on the wildlife of Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF). Wildlife vehicle collisions (WVCs) were recorded from December 2019 to September 2020 by dividing a day into morning, day, and late evening periods. Primary data were collected through direct road survey and key informant interview (n = 22) whereas secondary data were collected from the annals of Chitwan National Park, National Trust for Nature Conservation-Biodiversity Conservation Center and Division Forest Office, Chitwan, Nepal. Arc GIS 10.5 was used to produce relevant illustration and WVC hotspot identification based on Kernel Density Function. Out of thirty-three dead animals observed during the study period, spotted deer (Axis axis) were killed most frequently (n = 11) from WVCs followed by the Oriental garden lizard (Calotes versicolor). The highest number of deaths were recorded in winter and in the late evening. Besides keeping track of WVC records properly, further research is recommended.

Sperm storage by females across the animal phyla: A survey on the occurrence and biomolecules involved in sperm storage.

Long-term sperm storage by females in various regions of the oviduct is documented across many invertebrate and vertebrate species. Although, many reports emphasize on the histology, histochemistry and ultrastructural features of sperm storage, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying the sperm storage. The current review documents the occurrence of sperm storage by females in a wide array of invertebrate and vertebrate species. This review also provides an insight on the presence of various molecular factors of the sperm storage tubules presumably responsible for the prolonged sperm storage with an emphasis on a model reptile, the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor which contains a unique approximately 55-kDa protein in its utero-vaginal lavage and found to inhibit washed epididymal sperm motility in a concentration and time-dependent manner in a reversible fashion.

A new genus and species of Caribbean forest lizard (Diploglossidae; Celestinae) from southern Hispaniola

A new genus and species of Caribbean forest lizard of the subfamily Celestinae Schools & Hedges are described. This new taxon is known only from two small adjacent keys in the Laguna de Oviedo of the Parque Nacional Jaragua in the Barahona Peninsula, Dominican Republic, at the southernmost region of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. The genus Guarocuyus gen. nov. is genetically more closely related to the clade containing Celestus Gray, Comptus Schools & Hedges, and Panolopus Cope; nevertheless, we compare it to all celestine genera. Morphologically, it differs from other celestines by having an interdigital web on three toes and by having the widest ear opening. Additionally, the species Guarocuyus jaraguanus sp. nov. has some ecological attributes that when combined, appear to be unique, including nocturnal habits, a semiprehensile tail, and a facultatively arboreal lifestyle. We note sexual dimorphism in the new species and in two other celestines, Caribicus darlingtoni (Cochran) and the poorly known Celestus macrotus Thomas & Hedges, and report a range extension of the latter species into the Dominican Republic. We also discuss several scale topography conditions considered of taxonomic value for the group.

Caught on camera: Field imagery reveals the unexpected importance of vertebrates for biological control of the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus Col. Curculionidae)

Understanding of ecological interactions is necessary for the application of biological control. Banana is the second most produced fruit worldwide and the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is the most important pest of banana and plantain. Its biological control remains challenging because of the robustness and cryptic behaviour of the adult and the hidden development of larval stages. Researchers therefore tend to favour conservation biological control of this pest. The commonly used methods for measuring the effects of natural enemies on the regulation of this pest focus on invertebrates and may underestimate the role of vertebrates on biological control. Using cameras, we recorded the predation of sentinel adult weevils in banana plots in La Réunion island that differed in weevil infestation levels and in animal biodiversity. To facilitate image analysis, we used background subtraction to isolate moving parts of image sequences and thus detect predators and predation events. Our cameras recorded only vertebrates as predators of adult banana weevils. The most important predator appeared to be the Asian shrew (Suncus murinus), which was responsible for 67% of the predation events. Other predators included the house mouse (Mus musculus), the oriental garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), and the guttural toad (Sclerophrys gutturalis). The exact time of predation events were determined from the images metadata. It was thus possible to identify predator foraging periods that coincided with activity of adult weevils. Our results confirm that images provide useful information for biological and ecological studies. Along with other recent studies, our results suggest that the role of vertebrates in biological control may be underestimated. Based on these results, we advocate for several management implications such as the installation of hedges, grasslands, and ponds to favour these vertebrate predators of the banana weevil, possibly also favouring other vertebrate and invertebrate natural enemies.

Invasive risk assessment and expansion of the realized niche of the Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor species complex (Daudin, 1802)

Correlative species distribution modelling (SDM) can be a useful tool to quantify a species’ realized niche and to predict its potential distribution for non-native ranges. The agamid lizard Calotes versicolor s.l. belongs to the most widely distributed reptile taxa worldwide. In the past, C. versicolor s.l. has been introduced to several countries, including regions in the Oriental, the Neotropical and the Afrotropical realms, where strong negative impact on the local fauna is assumed. Due to the complicated taxonomy and the existence of several cryptic species, which are covered by this taxon, we used C. versicolor sensu lato and its four subtaxa (C. versicolor sensu stricto, C. irawadi, C. vultuosus, C. farooqi) as target species to (1) compute correlative SDMs for C. versicolor s.l. and its subtaxa and project them across the globe to highlight climatically suitable areas of risk for future invasion and (2) based on the ecological niche concept, we investigate if the species complex expanded its realized climatic niche during the invasion process. We use two different SDM approaches, namely n-dimensional hypervolumes and Maxent. N-dimensional hypervolumes are a non-hierarchically ranked approach, which is a useful tool to investigate the expansion in the realized niche, while Maxent, a hierarchically ranked model, is used to focus on potentially suitable areas for future invasion. We calculated two final models for C. versicolor s.l., one based on records from the native range and one based on records from the native and invaded range, as well as one model for each subtaxon. Our results show a geographic expansion into novel climatic conditions as well as an expansion in the realized niche. Our results reveal that C. versicolor s.l. is currently inhabiting 13% of its potential range but could find suitable climatic conditions on a global surface area between 14,025,100 km2 and 53,142,600 km2. Our predictions reveal large areas of highly suitable climatic conditions for the Oriental, Australian, Afrotropical and Neotropical realms, whereas only small regions of the Palearctic and Nearctic realms provide moderately suitable conditions. Further, some localities, especially those with a high amount of human traffic like ports or airports, might act as multiplicators and might therefore be a stepping stone into further areas.

Pests and predators interference on the stingless bee population inhabited at different habitats amidst south-eastern Karnataka, India

Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) are called ‘Dammar bees’ live under cryptic conditions at diversified ecosystems. Stingless bees are one of the most important species, playing pivotal role as ‘Keystone Pollinators’ for various flowering plant species. Besides, they are cultured in the name of ‘Meliponi culture’ at various man-made agro-ecosystems. Reports on biological constraints of stingless bees is limited at south-eastern Karnataka, hence in the present study commonly occurring constraints and their per cent interference on stingless bee population under natural conditions from 2017 to 2019 in Bangalore Rural, Chikkaballapura and Kolar districts, Karnataka was made. The Megachile bee, Megachile (Callomegachile) disjuncta, beetle, Bitoma siccana, spider, Menemerus bivittatus, Crossopriza lyoni and Pholcus phalangioides, greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, wall lizard, Hemidactylus species, garden lizard, Calotis versicolar and Psammophilus dorsalis acted as important constraints of stingless bee population and impacted more for their decline. Further, burning, hunting, closing their colony entrance by cow dung and cement, road construction and destruction of buildings and other man-made activities have created huge impact on stingless bee population. Stingless bee’s conservation is required to restore for conservation of local vegetation, to produce medicinally important honey and hence their natural colonies need special attention cum protection at their preferred abode.

Evaluasi Sisa Material Pada Pembangunan Gedung Kantor Kejaksaan Tinggi Jambi

In the Jambi High Prosecutor's Office Building Construction Project, remnants of project materials were found. Waste material is one of the serious problems in the implementation of construction projects. Therefore, it is necessary to do a careful and precise calculation in determining the amount of material needed to be used in the project as well as an evaluation of the use of these materials. The aim of this research is; calculate the largest percentage of material waste costs during project implementation, identify the causes of material waste, and find ways to minimize material waste after conducting analysis and evaluation. The method used is a sociological juridical type, which is a type or type of research that emphasizes field research. To obtain data in the field by conducting interviews with the project supervisory consultant and data on images and photos of the project. The result of the observation of processed data is that the largest percentage of residual material costs is obtained from the concrete coral material with the highest percentage of 26.553% of the total cost of the remaining material. As for the causes of material remnants on the job, the first is coming from the factor of throwing or throwing material, workers in the field often throw material such as when casting columns and beams where a lot of concrete is wasted out of the formwork, another cause occurs in the skill factor Based on the skills of workers, there are some remnants of boards from making formwork on columns and beams. And also when cutting iron, a lot of iron can't be reused because the rest of the iron that is cut is too small. The conclusion is that there is residual material in this project from the factor of throwing or throwing material carried out by workers and on the skill factor of the worker.

Geometric Morphometrics Reveal Shape Differences in the Toes of Urban Lizards.

SynopsisUrbanization, despite its destructive effects on natural habitats, offers species an opportunity to colonize novel niches. Previous research found that urban Anolis lizards in Puerto Rico had increased adhesive toepad area and more ventral toepad scales, traits that are likely adaptive and genetically based. We further investigated these phenotypic changes using geometric morphometrics to measure differences in toe shape, toepad shape, and lamellar morphology. Our results indicate that the increased toepad area of urban Anolis cristatellus lizards in Puerto Rico is not simply an isometric increase in toe size. Toes of urban populations exhibit multiple disproportional changes compared to forest lizards, with a larger proportion of the toe length covered in adhesive toepad. In addition, the toepads of urban lizards increase more in length than width. Lastly, lizards in urban populations exhibit both increased number of lamellae as well as increased spacing between individual lamellae. We also observed regional variation, with urban specimens having significantly more disparity, suggesting similar processes of urban adaptation are likely happening in parallel across the island, yet with region-specific idiosyncrasies, possibly generating more variation in toepad morphology across urban specimens as compared to forest specimens. Considering the use of geometric morphometrics, we found that specimen preparation, specifically how flat and straight toes are during imaging, to be an important factor affecting our data, more so than specimen size or any other meaningful morphological variation. In addition, we found that landmark and semilandmark data can be used to directly estimate toepad area, offering the opportunity to streamline future studies. In conclusion, our results highlight the value of considering toepad morphology in more detail beyond adhesive pad area or number of lamellae. Geometric morphometrics tools may be employed to elucidate subtle differences in shape to better allow researchers to connect changes in morphology to ecology and adhesive performance.

THE ANALYSIS OF GENERIC STRUCTURE OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS PRODUCED BY COLLEGE STUDENTS

Writing is a challenging skill for some English students. Before writing, students must consider the genre. A text type is genre. It's not easy to apply genre theory in writing. The students must comprehend the text's genre, general organization, and lexico-grammatical features. They have lots of ideas but can't put them into a nice writing. This is a big issue for some EFL students. This study examined the impact of genre choice and generic structure on students' writing. The researchers studied the English Class of the Psychology Department of Universitas Muria Kudus. This study is descriptive qualitative. The descriptive qualitative examines the study of students' writings based on genre choice and generic structure. This study was conducted in English class at Universitas Muria Kudus at Psychology Department. Based on the research findings, students' descriptive texts consisted of a generic structure of identification and description. A person's introduction is described in identification. A person is described in a description. Identification and description were well used by all students. Thus, the students consistently used generic structure in their writings. However, there were issues with punctuation, diction, and meaning. This research may help English Education Department, especially students who need to better their texts and think about generic organization and challenges while writing.

Phylogenomic data resolve the historical biogeography and ecomorphs of Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae)

Few studies have been conducted on the biogeography and phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical forest lizards (Diploglossidae) because of incomplete taxon sampling, conflicting datasets, and low statistical support at phylogenetic nodes. Here, we enhance a recent nine-gene dataset with a genomic dataset of 3,232 loci and 642,775 aligned base pairs. The resulting phylogeny includes 30 diploglossid species, 10 of the 11 genera, and the three subfamilies. It shows significant support for all supra-specific taxa in either maximum likelihood or Bayesian analyses or both. With this well-supported phylogeny, we further investigate the historical biogeography of the group and how diploglossids reached the Caribbean islands. Our analyses indicate that Antillean diploglossid lizards originated from at least two overwater dispersals from South America. Our tests for the strength of convergent evolution between morphologically similar taxa support the recognition of a soil and a tree ecomorph. In addition, we propose grass, ground, rock, and swamp ecomorphs for species in this family based on ecological and morphological data and analyses.