Lotion Preparation Research Articles

STUDY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OBTAINED FROM JUNIPER PLANT BY PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL METHODS

Plants are natural resource with a perfect structure that can meet many needs of people and show diversity since hundreds of years. All over the world and in our country, plants have been used for a long time in the preparation of tea, spices, perfumes, ointments and medicines used in the treatment of diseases. Essential oils arelarge group of biologically active compounds contained in plants. In the article, the process of extracting essential oil from the juniper plant (Juniperus communis L.) at different yields was studied. Juniper fruit 200.47 g; 200.28 g; when 200.54 g, the average amount of essential oil according to wet raw material was determined to be 1.2±1.4%. The composition of the essential oil obtained from juniper fruit, rich in biologically active substances and important for treatment, was studied by physicochemical methods (chromatographic, Ultraviolet (UV) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopic). In the chromatogram of the essential oil, it was determined that there is a peak of monoterpenoids with a tricyclic structure. Absorption bands obtained as a result of spectral analysis ensure the correctness of the composition of the synthesized essential oil. On the basis of medicinal properties of the juniper plant (Juniperus communis L.), the obtained essential oil can be used in medicine and cosmetology in the preparation of ointments and lotions with various ingredients.

Formulasi dan uji aktivitas sediaan lotion tabir surya ekstrak etanol 96% bekatul beras merah (Oryza nivara)

Brown Rice Bran (Oryza nivara) contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, or terpenoids that can function as an antioxidant activity that can protect the skin from the adverse effects of UV rays of the sun. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. The viscous extract obtained was then subjected to phytochemical screening and SPF test and made into three different concentrations, 5%, 10%, and 15%, which would then be formulated into a sunscreen lotion dosage form. The resulting preparations evaluated the physical quality of lotion preparations in the form of organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, dispersibility tests, and SPF tests of preparations. The results of the SPF test extract with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% showed that the protection produced was in the ultra-category with SPF values respectively 31.1, 40.1, and 45.1. The results of the physical evaluation of the preparation of sunscreen lotion with brown rice bran extract showed that the lotion produced was not homogeneous, and the results of the pH test and dispersion test still met the requirements. Testing the SPF value of lotion preparations showed that the protection produced by each formula was in the maximum to ultra-category with SPF values of 11.7, 14.1, and 16.4, respectively.

Repurposing sunscreen as an antibiotic: zinc-activated avobenzone inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major healthcare concern with associated healthcare costs reaching over ${\$}$1 billion in a single year in the USA. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus is now observed against last line of defense antibiotics, such as vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin. Unfortunately, high throughput drug discovery approaches to identify new antibiotics effective against MRSA have not resulted in much tangible success over the last decades. Previously, we demonstrated the feasibility of an alternative drug discovery approach, the identification of metallo-antibiotics, compounds that gain antibacterial activity only after binding to a transition metal ion and as such are unlikely to be detected in standard drug screens. We now report that avobenzone, the primary active ingredient of most sunscreens, can be activated by zinc to become a potent antibacterial compound against MRSA. Zinc-activated avobenzone (AVB-Zn) potently inhibited a series of clinical MRSA isolates [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.62-2.5 µM], without pre-existing resistance and activity without zinc (MIC: >10 µM). AVB-Zn was also active against clinical MRSA isolates that were resistant against the commonly used zinc-salt antibiotic bacitracin. We found AVB-Zn exerted no cytotoxicity on human cell lines and primary cells. Last, we demonstrate AVB-Zn can be deployed therapeutically as lotion preparations, which showed efficacy in a mouse wound model of MRSA infection. AVB-Zn thus demonstrates Zn-activated metallo-antibiotics are a promising avenue for future drug discovery.

Study of Making Pear Peel Extract Lotion (Pyrus Bretschneideri) as an Antioxidant

The skin of the pear (pyrus bretschneideri) contains f lavonoid compounds which are efficacious as antioxidants, which are able to inhibit or prevent oxidation of the substrate caused by free radicals. Pear peel extract (pyrus bretschneideri) can be used as a repellent or antioxidant so that it can be developed into an antioxidant lotion. To maintain the stability of pear peel extract (pyrus bretschneideri) in the form of lotions, it is necessary to formulate appropriate lotions. The purpose of this study was to find out the lotion formulation of the active ingredient oleum rosae to find out the results of the evaluation carried out on the pear peel extract lotion. The method used is experimental using 6 lotion formulations with a concentration of pear peel extract (Pyrus bretschneideri) of 3 and 4%, vitamin C variations of 2, 4, and 6%. The results of the lotion from pear peel extract (Pyrus bretschneideri) were evaluated for 1 week. Ephysical quality valuation includes organoleptic test, pH test, vit amin C content test. From the results of the study, lotions with the formulation F4 are the best preparations, namely a slightly viscous dosage form, soft texture, white color, oleum rosae fragrance, homogeneous, stable at pH 6 and dispersion power 5-7 cm. The conclusion of the study is that pear peel extract (Pyrus bretschneideri) can be made lotion preparations with a wide variety of concentration variations. Keywords: lotion, pear peel (Pyrus bretschneideri), physical quality

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)

Papaya leaves contain phytochemical including alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, and asiaticoside glycoside. Flavonoid compounds in papaya leaves function as antioxidant that can capture free radicals. This study aims to determine the ethanol extract of papaya leaves can be formulated into lotion preparation and to test the antioxidant activity of these preparation. This study used an experimental method of lotion preparation made with varying concentrations of papaya leaf ethanol extract 2g (F1), 4g (F2), 6g (F3). Physical evaluation include organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, irritation test, spreadability test, and antioxidant activity test. All formulas met the physical evaluation requirements. The papaya leaf ethanol extract lotion has the highest IC50 value, namely at F3 of 44.72 ppm in the very strong antioxidant category.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity Test of Nanosilver in Body Lotion Preparation

Nanosilver is a nanoparticle known for its good antifungal ability. This study aims to determine the synthesis process and characterization of nanosilver produced and the antifungal activity of nanosilver in body lotion preparations. Body lotion in this study was made using a body lotion base which includes stearic acid, cetyl alcohol, TEA, glycerin, olive oil and distilled water. F1, F2, and F3 have nanosilver content of 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively. F4, as the positive control, contained methylparaben and F5 as a negative control. The body lotion produced in this study has a colour, aroma and texture that panellists prefer. The body lotion produced does not irritate the skin, is homogeneous, has good spreadability and has a pH value of 7. Nanosilver in this study was synthesized using a chemical reduction method with sodium citrate as a reducer and stabilizer. The synthesized nanosilver was characterized using a Transmission electron Microscope (TEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the nanosilver’s shape, size and stability. The nanosilver produced has a round shape with an average particle diameter of 34.793 nm and has good stability because it has a wavelength absorption peak that is not large. Namely, at week-0, nanosilver has an absorption peak at a wavelength of 415.20 nm, and week-8 has an absorption peak at a wavelength of 423 nm. The antifungal activity test using the direct microscope count (DMC) method was conducted for eight weeks. Until week 8, it showed that each formulation experienced an increase in fungal hyphae, reaching 34.4% for F1, 21.2% for F2, 19.8% for F3, 16.8% for F4 and 46% for F5. From the results of this study, it can be seen that nanosilver can suppress fungal activity in body lotion preparations.

W/O/W type lotion formulation of “arum manis” mango (Mangifera indica L.) pell as antioxidant

Arum manis mango peel contains compounds, namely flavonoids. Flavonoid compounds act as natural antioxidants. The weakness of flavonoid compounds is that they are not stable to the influence of high temperature and light intensity, so that the arum manis mango peel extract is made in the form of lotion type W/O/W. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics and stability of the W/O/W type emulsion form optimum formula in double emulsion preparations and lotion preparations, determine the stability of W/O/W type lotion preparations during storage using the cycling test method and determine the IC50 value in the optimum formula. lotion preparation type W/O/W. The optimum formula for double emulsion type W/O/W is found in formula 5 with a ratio of primary emulsion: secondary emulsion (80%:20%) with span 80 (10%) and tween 20 (5%) concentrations while the optimum formula for lotion preparations found in formula 3 with a ratio of double emulsion type W/O/W: lotion base (80%:20%) with a concentration of stearic acid (5%), cetyl alcohol (2.5%) and glycerin (10%). In the antioxidant activity of lotion preparations, the IC50 value was 136.543 ppm and the stability test on the cycling test method had an unstable form.

The Potential of Turmeric Rhizome Extract in the Preparation of Cosmetic Creams and Lotions: A Systematic Literature Review

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is one of the spices that have been used traditionally in medicine and beauty in various cultures for centuries. The utilization of turmeric rhizome as a cosmetic component lotion or cream is believed to be able to enhance the efficacy of these cosmetics. This study aimed to describe the potential of turmeric rhizome extract in cosmetic preparations and lotion. The literature search process was carried out on various databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar) regarding the potential of turmeric in cosmetics. The search was performed using the terms: (1) "turmeric" OR "turmeric" OR" Curcuma longa" OR "Curcuma domestica" OR" turmeric in cosmetic" AND (2) "Curcuma longa" OR "turmeric". A powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, which can help fight signs of aging on the skin. The active compounds of curcumin in turmeric are anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and powerful antioxidants. The combination of these properties makes it an attractive choice for use in cosmetics a cream specifically designed for wound healing on the skin. Studies have shown that curcumin in turmeric can reduce sebum production by the sebaceous glands, reducing the likelihood of acne formation. In conclusion, turmeric rhizome extract has the potential to antiaging, wound healing, and anti-acne in cosmetics in the form of cream or lotion.

Analysis of Hydroquinone and Kojic Acid Content in Three Brand Body Lotions Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Treatment of hyperpigmentation can be done with several compounds, including a combination of hydroquinone and kojic acid in cosmetic preparations that are considered safe and effective. This study aims to analyze the levels of hydroquinone and kojic acid in three trademarks of body lotion using HPLC. The study used HPLC at a wavelength of 283 nm. The stationary phase used was C18, and the mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile:aquabidest (20:80, v/v) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Validation tests were carried out, including linearity, sensitivity (LOD and LOQ), selectivity, precision, and accuracy. The analytical method was applied to 3 body lotion preparations. The linearity test of hydroquinone and kojic acid with a value of r = 0.999; Hydroquinone LOD 0.274 g/mL; LOQ of hydroquinone 0.913 g/mL; LOD of kojic acid 0.420 g/mL; LOQ of kojic acid 1,401 g/mL; selectivity test 1.5; the precision test of hydroquinone and kojic acid resulted in the value of %RSD 2%; hydroquinone accuracy 99.200-100.450%; kojic acid 99.454-100.450%. The content of hydroquinone body lotion brand A, 0.854%, B 0.470%, and C 1.557%, kojic acid content in body lotion brand A 0.823%, B 0.510%, and C 1.497%. The results showed that all the results of the validation test fulfill the requirements of the validation parameters and the results of the analysis of the content of hydroquinone and kojic acid in the three trademarks of body lotion fulfill the requirements. Keywords: Body lotion; hydroquinone levels; kojic acid

Effect of Using Moringa Leave (Moringa Oleifera L.) and Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) Leaf Lotion Gel Lotion on Skin Moisture

The compounds contained in Moringa leaves are rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, all of which are antioxidants. Moringa leaves contain B2 which is useful for treating and maintaining skin moisture. Pineapple fruit contains vitamin C and vitamin A, the second vitamin is known to have antioxidant activity that can stop the reaction of forming free radicals. Moringa leaves and pineapple contain antioxidant compounds which are useful as skin moisturizers which are formulated in the form of a gel lotion. This study aims to determine the effect of using moringa leaf extract gel lotion and pineapple fruit on skin moisture. This study was initiated by formulating lotion preparations with the addition of concentrations of moringa leaf extract and pineapple fruit, namely concentrations of 3% (F1) 4% (F2) 5% (F3). Lotion gel was evaluated for physical stability by testing pH, viscosity, adhesion, spreadability, irritation test, specific gravity test and skin moisture test. This study uses an experimental method. The results showed that the formula concentrations of 3%, 4% and 5% all met the requirements of the physical stability test as a skin moisturizing lotion gel preparation. The higher the concentration of the extract, the wider the spreadability and viscosity value obtained, has no effect on adhesion and pH value. Lotion preparations of moringa leaf and pineapple fruit extracts with a concentration of 5% have a high ability as skin moisturizers. The results showed that the formula concentrations of 3%, 4% and 5% all met the requirements of the physical stability test as a skin moisturizing lotion gel preparation. The higher the concentration of the extract, the wider the spreadability and viscosity value obtained, has no effect on adhesion and pH value. Lotion preparations of moringa leaf and pineapple fruit extracts with a concentration of 5% have a high ability as skin moisturizers. The results showed that the formula concentrations of 3%, 4% and 5% all met the requirements of the physical stability test as a skin moisturizing lotion gel preparation. The higher the concentration of the extract, the wider the spreadability and viscosity value obtained, has no effect on adhesion and pH value. Lotion preparations of moringa leaf and pineapple fruit extracts with a concentration of 5% have a high ability as skin moisturizers.

Formulation and Evaluation of Moringa Leaves Extract (Moringa oleifera L. ) Lotion with Variation Concentration of Triethanolamin

The Indonesian people know the moringa plant as a plant for consumption as a vegetable, a fetid decoction as well as animal feed. However, the Moringa plant, especially in the leaves, has another benefit , namely as an antioxidant. Antioxidants in Moringa leaves contain tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids. The purpose of this study was to determine a good formulation for the preparation of moringa leaf extract lotion with variations in the concentration of triethanolamine. The research method used is the experimental method. Data analysis was performed using the One Way Anova and Kruskal Wallis Test statistical methods . The results showed that the organoleptic test of slightly thick texture preparations for formula I, thick texture for formulas II and III; typical preparation odor of Moringa leaf extract; the color of the preparation is yellow. Homogeneity test of formula I was not homogeneous, formula II was not homogeneous in the third replication, formula III was homogeneous. The average viscosity test for formula I was 1,800 c.Ps, formula II was 8,300 c.Ps, formula III was 1,666 c.Ps. The average pH test for formula I was 6, formula II was 7, formula III was 8. The average adhesion test for formula I was 02.76 seconds, formula II was 02.02 seconds, formula III was 01.37 seconds. The average spreadability test for formula I was 3.9 cm, formula II was 6.6 cm, formula III was 6.9 cm. Based on the evaluation results obtained, it can be concluded that the triethanolamine concentration of 2.5% produces a good formulation for lotion preparations.

UJI KUALITAS PADA SEDIAAN BABY HAIR LOTION DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MINYAK ATSIRI BIJI KETUMBAR

Baby hair lotion is a baby cosmetic preparation that has a function to make hair strong and thick. There are already many baby skin and hair care products sold in the market. Baby's skin is at high risk of skin damage due to allergies, extravasation, and infection because the skin is very delicate. Emollients or preparations that soften the skin must be free of fragrances, dyes or preservatives. Among specifications, a product must consist of at least 95% organic ingredients to be called "organic." For this reason, it is important to know what ingredients are contained in the products used on baby's skin. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of Almond oil, Aloe vera, and aquades on the final results of lotion preparations, and to determine the feasibility of lotion preparations in each variation carried out. Tests carried out on Baby Hair Lotion preparations are pH tests. Spreadability test, stickiness test, organoleptik test, and homogeneity. The variables used are independent variables, namely Almond oil content (36%, 30%, 25%, 15%, 12%), Aloe vera content (22%; 21.75%; 25%; 15%; 10.05%) , levels of Aquades (38.45%; 44.7%; 46.45%; 66.45%; 74.4%), for the dependent variable, namely levels of Cetearyl Alcohol (1%), Coriander seed oil (0.05% ), Lexgard Natural (0.5%), Plantasen (2%), while for the dependent variable the heating temperature is 60 -70oC.

Formulation and Stability Test of Physical Quality of Lotion Preparations from Moringa Oleifera L. Leaf Extract with Various Concentrations of Emulsifier TEA

The tendency to use herbal ingredients has entered the world of beauty leading to increased research on cosmetic and plant formulations used to be cosmetic active substances. There are many plants that can be used, one of which is the Moringa plant which is considered sacred because it has many benefits. This study aims to determine whether Moringa leaf extract with variations in TEA concentrations of 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5% is formulated into lotions to produce an effective, stable, and safe cream. This type of research is experimental; physical quality testing is carried out before and after the storage conditions are accelerated (Freeze-thaw), including organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, viscosity tests, pH tests, dispersion tests, and emulsion type tests. Moringa Leaf Extract can be formulated into lotion preparations with variations in TEA concentrations of 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5%. The results of the physical quality test show that all formulas meet the requirements of physical qualification. Third, the dosage formulation of Moringa leaf extract lotion (Moringa oleifera L.) with variations in TEA emulsifying concentrations of 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5% based on physical quality stability tests all meet the requirements.

Test of sunscreen activity of pineapple weevil ethanol extract (ananas comosus (L.) merr.) in gel and lotion preparations

Pineapple weevil waste is a residual part of the pineapple flesh which is usually thrown away and not used because of its hard inside. Sunscreen is a skin care product that serves to protect the skin from the dangers of the sun's rays. The purpose of this study was to identify the activity of gel and lotion sunscreens from pineapple weevil extract. This research method is pineapple weevil extract formulated into gel and lotion preparations, evaluation of the physical quality of preparations including organolepticality, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersion, and adhesion as well as determination of spf values of gel and lotion preparations using UV spectrophotometry. The results of the study were obtained organoleptis gel preparations have a yellow color, gel shape, homogeneous, pH 7-7.6, viscosity 4340-5650 Cpoises, spreading power 6.6-7cm, adhesion -7-4.46 seconds. While the lotion preparation has a yellow color, lotion shape, homogeneous, pH 7.3, viscosity 1530 Cpoises, spreading power 7cm, adhesion 4.06 seconds. The SPF value obtained by the pineapple weevil sunscreen gel, which is 30.15, included in the ultra protection. Meanwhile, pineapple weevil sunscreen lotion, which is 42.23, included in the ultra protection. Overall, the pineapple weevil gel and lotion have good physical quality and have the efficacy of being a sunscreen.
 Pineapple weevil waste is a residual part of the pineapple flesh which is usually thrown away and not used because of its hard inside. Sunscreen is a skin care product that serves to protect the skin from the dangers of the sun's rays. The purpose of this study was to identify the activity of gel and lotion sunscreens from pineapple weevil extract. This research method is pineapple weevil extract formulated into gel and lotion preparations, evaluation of the physical quality of preparations including organolepticality, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersion, and adhesion as well as determination of spf values of gel and lotion preparations using UV spectrophotometry. The results of the study were obtained organoleptis gel preparations have a yellow color, gel shape, homogeneous, pH 7-7.6, viscosity 4340-5650 Cpoises, spreading power 6.6-7cm, adhesion -7-4.46 seconds. While the lotion preparation has a yellow color, lotion shape, homogeneous, pH 7.3, viscosity 1530 Cpoises, spreading power 7cm, adhesion 4.06 seconds. The SPF value obtained by the pineapple weevil sunscreen gel, which is 30.15, included in the ultra protection. Meanwhile, pineapple weevil sunscreen lotion, which is 42.23, included in the ultra protection. Overall, the pineapple weevil gel and lotion have good physical quality and have the efficacy of being a sunscreen.

Utilization of mangrove peel (Xylocarpus granatum) extract as an active ingredient in the making of hand body lotion

The fruit of Xylocarpus granatum has been used empirically by the community as a traditional medicine, the fruit peel is used as skin medicine. The results of the phytochemical analysis of Xylocarpus granatum rind simplex contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, hydroquinones and steroids. This study aims to develop a hand body lotion product based on Xylocarpus granatum fruit peel extract. In this study, Xylocarus granatum fruit peel extract was formulated into a lotion preparation. Xylocarpus granatum fruit peel extract was prepared by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The extract is formulated with a composition of 0.5 ml (FI). The lotion was then tested for its physical properties including pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability and stability of color, odor and texture. The results showed that the lotion containing Xylocarpus granatum fruit peel extract was stored for 14 days for physical stability test. The results of the stability test showed that the lotion had a pH of 10.55, a viscosity of 1120000 mPas, the lotion did not change shape, smell, color, and did not cause skin irritation.

Pengaruh Variasi Minyak Daun Jeruk Purut Terhadap Sediaan Lotion Mengandung Gelatin Tulang Ayam dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Indonesia has a tropical climate, and it causes skin diseases such as acne. One of the bacteria causes acne is Staphylococcus aureus. Acne is caused by clogged skin pores so that oil secretion becomes clogged and then enlarges and dries. Antibacterial agents can be applied to the skin with the help of topical preparations, one of which is lotion. Lotion with kaffir lime leaf oil as the main ingredient contains high flavonoid compounds that have an antibacterial activity that can prevent acne, and chicken leg bone gelatin, contains collagen which can moisturize the skin. This research is experimental laboratory research. Lotion is made with different concentrations of kaffir lime leaf oil 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% w/v. The lotion was tested for physical (organoleptic, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity) and chemical (pH) properties. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by well diffusion method. The research data were processed using SPSS 21 with the Kruskal Wallis Test. The test results showed that the lotion preparation with the strongest antibacterial activity was the preparation with 1.5% kaffir lime leaf oil, with a yield of 11.26 mm. The more composition of kaffir lime leaf oil, the stronger the antibacterial inhibition. The more composition of kaffir lime leaf oil causes the viscosity to decrease, the pH to increase, the adhesive power to decrease, the dispersion power to increase, and the bacterial inhibitory power to increase.

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BODY LOTION EKSTRAK KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora) DENGAN METODE DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil)

The skin is the outermost part of the body and is very susceptible to exposure to free radicals. This can be prevented by using cosmetics that contain antioxidants. Coffee beans have the chemical compound chlorogenic acid which belongs to the phenolic group which is useful as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to formulate and test the antioxidant activity of Robusta coffee extract body lotion preparations.The method used is pure experiment and control class as a comparison. Analysis of physical quality data was carried out by means of descriptive analysis using tables based on the results of the average calculation of the physical quality test, antioxidant test using DPPH method, and statistical processing of hedonic test data using the One Way Anova test and continued with the Duncan test. The results showed that FII and FIII could be formulated into body lotion preparations and met the physical quality test requirements. The antioxidant test before storage obtained the IC50 value at FI of 47,61 ppm (AAI = 0,84); FII of 43,86 ppm (AAI = 0,91); and FIII of 34,07 ppm (AAI = 1,17) and after FI storage of 49,95 ppm (0,80); FII of 45,47 (AAI = 0,88); FIII of 36,11 ppm (AAI = 1,11). The results of the hedonic test showed that in the parameters of colour, aroma, texture, and comfort of use there were significant fifferences (<0,05), while the parameters of humidity and ease of rinsing alowed insignificant differences (>0,05). Based on the results obtained, Robusta coffee extract body lotion is able to ward off free radicals in the medium – strong category.

Physical Properties and Anti-Mosquito Activities of Lotion Male from Palm Flower Extract (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Mosquitoes can carry protozoa, viruses, and worm larvae that can cause various diseases in humans.Mosquito repellent preparations that are widely sold in the market are in the form of lotion preparations.However, most formulas of mosquito repellent products on the market contain DEET (N, N-diethylmeta-toluamide) which has side effects such as symptoms of hypersensitivity, irritation, and urticaria.Male palm flower (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a natural material that contains flavonoid and estragolecompounds that have activity as a mosquito repellent. Therefore, this study aimed to determinethe lotion activity of male palm flower extract (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as an insect repellent. Theprocedure steps in this study include sample preparation, extract making, and lotion formulation withextract concentrations of F1(1%), F2(2%), F3(3%), F4(4%), and F5(5%), evaluation of physicalproperties, test stability and test the protection power of the lotion against mosquitoes. The results ofthe physical properties test showed that the lotion preparation was in the appropriate range with thespecified parameters and was stable at room temperature storage. The results of the effectiveness testshowed that the most effective formula was the F5 which has the best physical properties and a verystrong protective power.

Antioxidant Activities of Scrub Body Lotion Extract of Surian Leaves (Toona sinensis) with Powder Scrub Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera)

Free radicals from exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVB) cause dull, rough, dry, cracked skin andpremature aging so that they can damage skin tissue and result in fatal skin cancer. To prevent this,antioxidants are needed. Plants that have potential as antioxidants are Surian leaves and date seedswhich contain lots of flavonoids and phenolics. To make it easier to use, it is processed into a scrubbody lotion using a date seed powder scrub (Phoenix dactylifera). This study aimed to find a scrubbody lotion formula that has the best physical properties and is stable during storage and the bestformula has the strongest antioxidant activity. Each formula contains ethanol extract of Surian leaves(Toona sinensis) with a concentration of 0.1%; 0.3%; 0.5%; 0.7%; 0.9%. After that, an evaluationof the physical properties of scrub body lotion preparation was carried out. From the results of theevaluation of the physical properties of the best scrub body lotion preparations, stable in storage andhedonic tests and safe for irritation tests, formula 5 contains ethanol extract of surian leaves with aconcentration of 0.9% and has an antioxidant activity of IC50 28,554 ppm with a very strong category.

FORMULATION OF LOTION OF GERGA ORANGE PEEL ETHANOL EXTRACT WITH VARIATION OF EXTRACT CONCENTRATION

Gerga Orange (Citrus nobilis L. Var. RGL) are the main commodity in Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. These oranges have been processed by the community into syrup preparations and from this activity produce waste in the form of fruit peels. Based on previous research, the peel of this citrus fruit is known to have antioxidant and antibacterial activity, so it can be used as a raw material in the manufacture of lotion preparations. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the three lotion formulations from the ethanolic extract of the gerga orange peel (Citrus nobilis L. Var. RGL) with various concentrations of 8% (F1), 10% (F2), 12% (F3). The method used is the experimental method. The results showed that the three formulations of lotion met the standard of good lotion. In the organoleptic test, there were differences in the color of the preparation, where the color became more concentrated as the concentration of the extract increased. In the homogeneity test, the three formulas showed good homogeneity until the 14th day of testing. The pH of the three formulas was also in accordance with the SNI 16-4399-1996 standard, namely 4.5-8. The three formulas also did not cause allergic reactions to 10 respondents. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that all formulas of the ethanol extract of the gerga orange peel (Citrus nobilis L. Var. RGL) with varying concentrations can be formulated as lotion preparations that are physically and organoleptically stable, as well as the standard of SNI 16-4399-1996 in terms of pH of the preparation and irritation test. Of the three formulas, formula 1 has an advantage over the other formulas because it has a less intense color, which makes it superior in appearance.