Lost Time Research Articles

Efficiency and Safety of Binocular Cataract Phacoemulsification

A literature review is presented on the comparative assessment of two options for conducting cataract phacoemulsification — monocular phacoemulsification of cataract, (delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery, DSBCS) and binocular phacoemulsification of cataract (immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery, ISBCS). It has been established that to date in the literature there is a sufficient amount of data indicating the positive aspects of ISBCS, associated with faster rehabilitation, better functional results, as well as time, financial, and economic aspects. The safety of ISBCS is determined by the minimum likelihood of postoperative bilateral endophthalmitis with careful selection of patients, the required surgeon qualifications and strict adherence to the surgical protocol. Comparatively, in accordance with the results obtained, postoperative refractive indices, the value of the maximum corrected distance visual acuity, the frequency of complications and the degree of patient satisfaction were the same regardless of whether the bilateral cataract surgery was performed simultaneously or sequentially. The effectiveness of ISBCS is determined by quick rehabilitation, the need for only one pair of glasses, a decrease in visits to the clinic, the absence of anisometropia between operations, as well as only one general anesthesia (if necessary). The experience of clinics where such procedures were carried out shows that after ISBCS, minor refractive errors occur, while they are almost always symmetrical, characterized by a slight deviation from the target refraction and rapid recovery of binocular and stereoscopic vision. In financial terms, in accordance with the calculations carried out, the cost of DSBCS in various countries may be higher than the cost of ISBCS by 10.8–47.9 %. In absolute terms, simultaneous cataract surgery on two eyes (Finland) saved €449 per patient in medical costs and €739 after travel and home care costs were included. Taking into account the cost of lost work time, the savings were €849 per patient. The wider distribution of ISBCS is associated with the approval of the ophthalmological community and insurance companies, as well as the development of standardized teaching materials for practicing ophthalmologists.

Prioritization and assessment of safety key performance indicators in an automotive industry

The performance of any management system needs to be monitored with adequate and proper indicators. This study aimed to identify, set priorities and assess key indicators for implementing an effective performance evaluation system. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out in three phase. In first phase, a semi-structured interview as well as a review of the company's documentation and studies carried out, then a set of key indicators were collected and selected. The validity of the indicators were determined by experts (N = 11) and indicators were prioritized using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) according to SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time- bound) criteria. Following the study framework, a primary set of 60 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) were collected. The results of the validity assessment showed 23 indicators had acceptable validity. The results of examining the relationships between the indicators showed that the percentage of corrected non- compliance and the number of risk assessments had a significant relationships with the total number of work-related lost time injuries as a lagging indicator. According to the results, the four the most important key performance indicators to assess the safety performance in the automotive industry were as follows: the number of risk assessments conducted, the percentage of corrected non- compliance, the percentage of safety educational programs implemented for workers, and Frequency Severity Index (FSI) index.

In search of a literary, semiotic and translatological criticism of the adaptation of Marcel Proust: “In Search of Lost Time”

Il est évident que l’œuvre qui s’intitule À la recherche du temps perdu, nommé souvent La recherche, composé de sept tomes, est une œuvre inclassable et incomparable. Le livre est bel et bien analysé jusqu’à présent par plusieurs scientifiques et chercheurs. Pourtant ses adaptations cinématographiques et télévisuelles sont rarement étudiées. Dans les limites de l'étude, on a dû choisir l’une de ses adaptations. C’est « À la recherche du temps perdu », sorti en 2011, qui dure 230 minutes. La raison pour laquelle on a choisi ce téléfilm est qu’il traite tous les sept volumes du livre. L’objectif est de présenter l’adaptation télévisuelle avec toutes ses astuces et d’invoquer une critique littéraire, sémiotique et surtout traductologique en examinant des sous-titres automatiques du téléfilm sur YouTube. L’article est divisé et analysé en trois parties. La première partie implique la critique littéraire sur le téléfilm, les personnages principaux et historiques, la problématique de la communication non-verbale. On aborde les thèmes centraux du film : Proust et le temps, l’amour, la jalousie, la musique, la philosophie, la mort, l’écriture et les cinq sens. La deuxième partie sera présentée et illustrée la sémiotique de la traduction qui est un domaine de recherche interdisciplinaire. Ainsi la traduction est un enjeu central en sémiotique. La troisième partie implique les sous-titres automatiques du téléfilm « À la recherche du temps perdu ». Le but est de montrer franchement l’ambiguïté causée par la traduction automatique et d’insister sur la notion que la traduction automatique n’est pas équivalente à la traduction humaine. La conduite de cette étude sur l'axe littéraire, sémiotique et traductologique révèle l'importance de l'interdisciplinarité et devrait contribuer aux études à mener dans le domaine.

Impact Assessment of Driver Distraction by Cellphone on Start-up Lost-time and Average Saturation Headway at Signalized Intersections Based on Vehicle Position in the Queue

Cellphone usage has a significant impact on signalized intersections' capacity and level of service. This study investigated the impact of cellphone usage on signalized intersection capacity and level of service in Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia. The data included 183 useful cycles and 2407 start-up lost time and average saturation headway values at cycles with cellphone usage and cycles without cellphone usage at 24 signalized intersections. The main hypothesis of the study is that cellphone usage increases the start-up lost time at signalized intersection capacity. The secondary hypothesis is that cellphone usage increases the average saturation headway at signalized intersections. Normal distribution and z-test were conducted to assess whether there is a significant increase in average saturation headway and start-up lost time. The study found a significant increase in start-up lost time of about 0.7 seconds but found no significant increase in average saturation headway due to cellphone usage. Also, start-up lost time increases as vehicles of cellphone users get closer to the stop line of the signalized intersections. Thus, cellphone usage decreases the progression of 13 vehicles per hour due to a reduction in effective green time, increases total delay, and deteriorates the level of service. The study can assist transportation and traffic officials to optimize signal operation to mitigate the impact of cellphone usage and improve urban transportation.

Technology Focus: Bits and Bottomhole Assemblies (December 2021)

Well construction must always be executed safely at reduced operational costs, while ensuring appropriate wellbore quality and placement, per asset team requirements. Consequently, analysis of drilling efficiency, a critical performance indicator, has moved from maximizing rate of penetration (ROP) to improving cycle time. This recognition establishes the need for holistic solutions that address drilling challenges and promote efficient improvement strategies. This endeavor achieves well construction objectives, with associated reductions in cycle time and operations costs. Holistic solutions must start with project analysis and comparisons to offsets to identify application differences and similarities. These evaluations establish project risks, which ultimately have positive or negative effects on well construction. Consequently, implications from these risks (limiters and potential dysfunctions) must be addressed in the planning phase, or preparations must be made for their remediation during project execution. It is not enough to know what worked or failed. Rather, it is essential to understand why and how specific trends, events, results, or relationships come about. Effective and permanent remediations for all drilling dysfunctions must focus on identification and analysis of their initiating risks. Additionally, holistic solutions require detailed analysis of drilling systems, which include bits and reamers, bottomhole assemblies (BHAs), drive systems, hydraulics considerations, and drilling-parameter ranges and roadmaps. In addition to establishing component relevance, this effort must ensure their functional compatibility and effectiveness at addressing project risks. Drilling-parameter roadmaps must focus on well construction objectives and cycle time reduction, not ROP maximization. In this regard, cycle time is defined as the cumulative time associated with the following operations: pick up the BHA, drill out, drill ahead, trip out of hole, and run casing. Bits and BHAs have a major role in this discussion. The industry’s fast-developing capabilities with modeling and deeper under-standing of downhole tools and systems, coupled with applications based on big data analytics, are leading these efforts. The door has been kicked open. Let’s walk through. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 205965 - Oil and Gas Drilling Optimization Technologies Applied Successfully to Unconventional Geothermal Well Drilling by Junichi Sugiura, Sanvean Technologies, et al. SPE 205993 - Using Downhole Sampled High-Frequency Torsional Oscillation Measurements for Identifying Stringers and Minimizing Operational Invisible Lost Time by Andreas Hohl, Baker Hughes, et al. SPE 206064 - Mud Motor PDM Dynamics: An Analytical Model by Robello Samuel, Halliburton, et al.

Marcel Proust: Birth of Neurology of Memory and Time in "In Search of Lost Time"

Marcel Proust had interactions with a lot of neurologists through treatments of his asthma. His great work, "In Search of Lost Time", is one of the highest masterpieces in French literature, about which numerous reviews have been published from various angles as well as literature. This work is also important for neurology, as the origin of Proust's idea of creations is related to the neurology of memory and time. Especially, this article focuses on and discusses the Proust and the beginning of neurology of memory and time.

Food safety vs health and safety

Food safety vs health and safety

Time Lost: The Event of Trauma

Time Lost: The Event of Trauma

The Pandemic, Environmentalism, and Re-Thinking Social and Political Philosophy: Pandemic 2: Chronicles of a Time Lost

In Pandemic!2-Chronicles of a Time Lost, Slavoj Žižek continues his discussions, written and performed in multiple media, of the pandemic that has severely afflicted the world for what seems so very long. And there are more trials coming, into the indefinite future, possibly, at worst, he imagines, terminated by a grand climate/ecological crisis and its consequences, which may, admittedly, end humanly experienced time altogether.

Pengukuran Efektivitas Kinerja Excavator pada Pengupasan Overburden (OB) Menggunakan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE): Studi Kasus di Pit 7 PT XYZ Kintap, Kalimantan Selatan

Based on production data of overburden (OB) stripping at Pit 7 PT XYZ in February 2019, productivity of the excavators doesn’t reach the desired target. To find out the potential for increased productivity and effectiveness of using excavators, it’s necessary to do an analysis using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) method. OEE is a performance measurement tool that has the ability to identify the root of the problem and it’s causative factors so that improvement efforts are more focused. The parameters used in the calculation of OEE value are: Availability, Utilization, and Productivity Index. Based on the result of data processing, the OEE value were 56,00% for excavator EX2313 and 34,19% for excavator EX2325. This means that the OEE value hasn’t been able to meet the world class standard OEE value in medium category, namely 60%. Improvement are made by reducing lost work time but obstacles can be avoided, so as to increase utilization. The proposed improvement provide increased in the OEE value were 12,73% for excavator EX2313 and 11,61% for excavator EX2325. This shows that the OEE value of PC800 with number EX2313 reaches the world class standard in medium category or productivity can be considered reasonable, namely 68,73%. Meanwhile, the OEE value of PC800 with number EX2325 still doesn’t reach the world class standard in medium category, namely 45,80%.

PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGENDALIAN INFEKSI COVID-19 DI PERUSAHAAN MIGAS PT. X

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a respiratory disease that spread around the world and has been declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Covid-19, which has been declared as an international pandemic, has not only impacted public health but also business operations and the safety of workers in the workplace. Despite such circumstances, several vital businesses still operate due to its necessity status. One of such industries that continue to operate during the Covid-19 pandemic is the oil and gas industry. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the implementation of Covid-19 prevention and control in the workplace of PT. X, a company which works on said sector. This study uses a Qualitative approach to collect data through key personnel interviews. This is then supported by observations of company policies; procedures; health surveillance; and the testing, detection, and tracking protocol. Covid-19 Pandemic Preparedness Procedure developed by PT. X was intended to mitigate this specific situation. This procedure covers various aspects such as employee work arrangements; self-assessment for early detection; health protocols; health surveillance; information, education, and communication to all employees. Data has shown that during this pandemic, PT. X’s safety performance indicators, i.e., Lost Time Injury Frequency and Total Recordable Injury Rate, is still below the acceptable criteria set by the company. This study finds that Covid-19 prevention and control policy by PT. X has properly followed the relevant health, industry, and labor regulations in Indonesia. PT. X has implemented a risk assessment in its operation during the pandemic to maintain business continuity while controlling the risk of Covid-19 transmission. The findings of the study highlighted the application of health protocols, drivers, obstacles, and challenges that are common in the oil and gas industry.

Combined Tests Based on Restricted Mean Time Lost for Competing Risks Data

Competing risks data are common in medical studies, and the sub-distribution hazard (SDH) ratio is considered an appropriate measure. However, because the limitations of hazard itself are not easy to interpret clinically and because the SDH ratio is valid only under the proportional SDH assumption, this article introduced an alternative index under competing risks, named restricted mean time lost (RMTL). Several test procedures were also constructed based on RMTL. First, we introduced the definition and estimation of RMTL based on Aalen-Johansen cumulative incidence functions. Then, we considered several combined tests based on the SDH and the RMTL difference (RMTLd). The statistical properties of the methods are evaluated using simulations and are applied to two examples. The Type I errors of combined tests are close to the nominal level. All combined tests show acceptable power in all situations. In conclusion, RMTL can meaningfully summarize treatment effects for clinical decision making, and three combined tests have robust power under various conditions, which can be considered for statistical inference in real data analysis.

Legal Vocabulary as Means of Revealing by Marcel Proust of the Cultural Codes of French Aristocracy, Bourgeoisie and Peasantry

This article is devoted to the stylistic and cognitive analysis of the legal vocabulary in the third volume of Marcel Proust’s novel “In Search of Lost Time” used in order to describe mental, psychological and cultural world of Guermantes in its contrast with the world of bourgeoisie and with that of French peasants. The legal terms we consider in the paper are used by Proust as core components of a number of stylistic figures, first of all, similes and metaphors. Following Gérard Cornu and some other scholars, we understand legal terminology (legal terms and legal vocabulary in general) as any word of language (in our case, those of French) having at least one legal meaning, acknowledged by an authoritative French dictionary. The legal terms identified in the text were classified into two groups: general legal vocabulary and specific legal vocabulary belonging to different branches of law: constitutional, criminal, international. In order to confirm their legal semantics while conducting contextual analysis, we have consulted all types of diction-aries: bilingual, monolingual, general and special ones. The main aim of the article was to determine the functions of these figures in Marcel Proust’s text whose poetics is not at all legal. To achieve it, the main task was to identify the connections between the denotative meaning of a given term and its connotative contextual transformations. This means first of all to decode contextual links between the legal figure under analysis and various domains of life it was applied to by Proust. Eventually, this analysis helps to reveal French cultural codes, those of declining aristocracy, empowered bourgeoisie and, in “Guermantes”, of peasantry. Thus, the Guermantes are associated in the eyes of the bourgeoisie, represented by Marcel, with something ancient, inaccessible to rational minds, charming: some sublime images, magical legends of ancient times, exquisite works of art and music, antique music instruments. In this context, a legal term, such as carte photographique d’identité for instance, introduces, by contrast, some materially-minded, pragmatic, prosaic notes. At the same time, democratic changes leading to the rise of the bourgeoisie, as well as the world of peasants are depicted in an extremely concrete way, being associated with the untamed force of nature: damage and devastation caused by the floods, noises, and the like. At the same time, various typical human feelings, such as Marcel’s admiration and Saint-Loup’s love due to the use of legal figures may be represented as imprisonment.

Robbed by the Pandemic: Moving Forward, Despite the Lost Time and Memories

Robbed by the Pandemic: Moving Forward, Despite the Lost Time and Memories

The economic effects of improved precipitation forecasts in the United States due to better commuting decisions

AbstractEach year the U.S. government makes significant investments in improving weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models that are run operationally within the National Weather Service. Although the primary purpose is saving lives and property, more accurate forecasts can create substantial efficiency gains when they elicit improved behavioral responses. One example involves commuters, who make daily decisions about when to leave for work based, in part, on expected road conditions. When workers account for potential weather delays, economic losses due to missed work time are reduced. Economists have often looked at such questions with cost‐loss models, a partial equilibrium approach investigating gains to individual agents. We extend this idea to examine economy‐wide effects, embedding a behavioral model of time allocation with improved information into eight regional computable general equilibrium models of the US economy. Our primary mechanism is that reductions in lost work time lead to gains in firm‐level output. This study evaluates the economic impact of improvements to the High‐Resolution Rapid Refresh weather forecast models over three different versions on commuting. Aggregating results from comparisons between old and new versions of the HRRR for 206 metropolitan statistical areas, we find that forecasting improvements lead to smaller losses in work time, creating notable gains to the U.S. economy.

Onsite screening and enhanced EAP counseling improves overall health, depression, and work outcomes: Four-wave longitudinal pilot study at a community health center in Vermont

Over a 2-year period, patients at a rural community health center in Vermont were screened on-site for multiple behavioral health risk factors and, if found at risk, were offered no-cost counseling on-site at the health center. The treatment was delivered by two licensed employee assistance program (EAP) counselors highly proficient in an evidence-based motivational interviewing approach. Longitudinal data at four time points were examined: baseline; end of treatment (3 months); and 3 and 6 months post-treatment. Tests of paired data of baseline versus each later time point found significant improvement for global health (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS]-10) in the total sample (N = 120); depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale [PHQ-9]) among a subsample with depression as a clinical issue (n = 68); and work presenteeism and estimated hours of lost work time among the employed subsample (n = 46). Improvement in global health was significantly associated with improvement (reductions) in hours of lost work productivity at all later times (r = .33, .35, .50). Improvement in global health was moderated by level of household income (more improvement among patients with lower income levels), but not by clinical or demographic factors. Practical implications for behavioral health screening and intervention (BSI) in medical settings and onsite EAP counseling programs are discussed.

Implementation of an Alternative Method for Assessing Competing Risks: Restricted Mean Time Lost

In clinical and epidemiologic studies, hazard ratios are often applied to compare treatment effects between 2 groups for survival data. For competing-risks data, the corresponding quantities of interest are cause-specific hazard ratios and subdistribution hazard ratios. However, they both have some limitations related to model assumptions and clinical interpretation. Therefore, we recommend restricted mean time lost (RMTL) as an alternative measure that is easy to interpret in a competing-risks framework. Based on the difference in RMTL (RMTLd), we propose a new estimator, hypothetical test, and sample-size formula. Simulation results show that estimation of the RMTLd is accurate and that the RMTLd test has robust statistical performance (both type I error and statistical power). The results of 3 example analyses also verify the performance of the RMTLd test. From the perspectives of clinical interpretation, application conditions, and statistical performance, we recommend that the RMTLd be reported along with the hazard ratio in analyses of competing-risks data and that the RMTLd even be regarded as the primary outcome when the proportional hazards assumption fails.

Workers’ compensation claim counts and rates by injury event/exposure among state-insured private employers in Ohio, 2007–2017

Introduction: This study analyzed workers’ compensation (WC) claims among private employers insured by the Ohio state-based WC carrier to identify high-risk industries by detailed cause of injury. Methods: A machine learning algorithm was used to code each claim by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) event/exposure. The codes assigned to lost-time (LT) claims with lower algorithm probabilities of accurate classification or those LT claims with high costs were manually reviewed. WC data were linked with the state’s unemployment insurance (UI) data to identify the employer’s industry and number of employees. BLS data on hours worked per employee were used to estimate full-time equivalents (FTE) and calculate rates of WC claims per 100 FTE. Results: 140,780 LT claims and 633,373 medical-only claims were analyzed. Although counts and rates of LT WC claims declined from 2007 to 2017, the shares of leading LT injury event/exposures remained largely unchanged. LT claims due to Overexertion and Bodily Reaction (33.0%) were most common, followed by Falls, Slips, and Trips (31.4%), Contact with Objects and Equipment (22.5%), Transportation Incidents (7.0%), Exposure to Harmful Substances or Environments (2.8%), Violence and Other Injuries by Persons or Animals (2.5%), and Fires and Explosions (0.4%). These findings are consistent with other reported data. The proportions of injury event/exposures varied by industry, and high-risk industries were identified. Conclusions: Injuries have been reduced, but prevention challenges remain in certain industries. Available evidence on intervention effectiveness was summarized and mapped to the analysis results to demonstrate how the results can guide prevention efforts. Practical Applications: Employers, safety/health practitioners, researchers, WC insurers, and bureaus can use these data and machine learning methods to understand industry differences in the level and mix of risks, as well as industry trends, and to tailor safety, health, and disability prevention services and research.

The pre-reflective roots of the madeleine-memory: a phenomenological perspective

This paper investigates the madeleine-memory (so-called from Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time) as a case of pre-reflective experience, from the genesis of its sedimentation into the body. Indeed, I aim to address the question of the literary protagonist Marcel on the roots of his happiness and the genesis of his memories. Until now, the madeleine-memory has been described as bodily and involuntary. In phenomenology, a wide literature has confirmed the relationship between the sense of body ownership and pre-reflective self-awareness. I aim to build upon such a mutual link and show that the pre-reflective roots of the madeleine-memory have to be traced back to the genesis of the involuntary recollections. To this purpose, I will illustrate that the epistemological relationship between the object and the subject plays a relevant role in the way the subject remembers. First, I will present that madeleine-memory is a unique case of bodily memory, by analyzing the main features that characterize it. Secondly, I will analyze the original experience of the madeleine within the phenomenological logic of transcendence in immanence. For this aim, I will rely on the Husserlian notions of “epistemological inadequacy of perception” and “background experiences”. Through these notions, I will show that Proustian involuntary recollections are pre-reflective experiences because previously subjects have pre-reflectively experienced the content of recollections.

Machine learning predictions for lost time injuries in power transmission and distribution projects

Although advanced machine learning algorithms are predominantly used for predicting outcomes in many fields, their utilisation in predicting incident outcome in construction safety is still relatively new. This study harnesses Big Data with Deep Learning to develop a robust safety management system by analysing unstructured incident datasets consisting of 168,574 data points from power transmission and distribution projects delivered across the UK from 2004 to 2016. This study compared Deep Learning performance with popular machine learning algorithms (support vector machine, random forests, multivariate adaptive regression splines, generalised linear model, and their ensembles) concerning lost time injury and risk assessment in power utility projects.Deep Learning gave the best prediction for safety outcomes with high skills (AUC = 0.95, R2 = 0.88, and multi-class ROC = 0.93), thus outperforming the other algorithms. The results from this study also highlight the significance of quantitative analysis of empirical data in safety science and contribute to an enhanced understanding of injury patterns using predictive analytics in conjunction with safety experts’ perspectives. Additionally, the results will enhance the skills of safety managers in the power utility domain to advance safety intervention efforts.