Loss Of Raw Materials Research Articles

Industry-Scale Application of Full-Width Digital Camera Inspection during Effective Printing on Plastic Foil at the Company "Flexograf"

The company printing plastic sheets with eight-color machines has sought help from the Faculty of Computer Science to reduce wastage of raw materials. During the study and research in this matter, it was found that the losses in raw materials are caused by the impossibility of controlling the printing through the current adequate technology that the "Flexograf" company had at its disposal. The printing on the plastic film was supervised with a digital camera with the possibility of control at a dimension of 15 [cm]. On the other hand, the width of the printed plastic film is consistently 130[cm]. Therefore, the digital control camera for control is moved along the x-axis nine times to control the printing width of 130[cm] of the plastic film. After each displacement, the digital camera was stopped for a duration of three seconds. Wherever there was a printing defect in the part that was not monitored by the digital camera and given the printing speed of the machine for a length of 400 meters of plastic sheet per minute, it caused a significant loss of raw material if there were printing defects or lack of color. This problem has been solved by replacing the 15[cm] wide inspection digital camera with a 130[cm] wide full inspection digital camera. The effect of changing the full inspections digital camera achieved the goal and reduced the raw material losses to the minimum very close to zero.

Influence of flowering on the anatomical structure, chemical components and carbohydrate metabolism of Bambusa tuldoides culms at different ages.

Bamboo forests, which have come to occupy large areas in recent years, naturally undergo the process of blooming. However, bamboo culms and rhizomes degenerate after the plants bloom, resulting in widespread loss of raw materials. Systematic research on the properties and physiology of bamboo culms after flowering is lacking, and whether flowering bamboo culms could be used as raw materials in industry is unclear. In this paper, we compared and measured the fiber morphology, chemical components, and sugar metabolism indexes of non-flowering and flowering Bambusa tuldoides culms at different ages. The results showed that the fibers in the middle internodes of both non-flowering and flowering B. tuldoides culms had the longest length. The fibers completed their elongation within 1 year, but the fiber walls were continually deposited with age. The levels of the chemical components in the nonflowering culms also continually increased with age. The nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content and sugar metabolism indexes showed the highest levels in the 2-year culms and then declined in the 3-year culms. Compared to young culms that had not yet flowered, the 3-month-old and 1-year-old flowering culms had a significant decrease in the fiber length and tangential diameter, and their holocellulose and lignin levels also decreased, while the levels of ash, SiO2, 1% NaOH extractives, and benzene-ethanol extractives increased. A correlation analysis showed that sugar catabolism was accelerated in the flowering cluster, which could lead to "starvation death" in bamboo and which had a significant negative impact on the anatomical and chemical properties of the bamboo culms. Generally, the flowering bamboo culms had shorter fibers, higher levels of extractives and ash, and lower holocellulose content, which indicated that bamboo flowering has an adverse effect on the application of such components in the production of pulp, in papermaking, and in other processing and utilization activities. This study revealed the physiological changes in flowering B. tuldoides culms and provided a theoretical basis to inform the utilization of culms in this species.

Совместное использование ультразвуковой обработки и электрического поля СВЧ при дефростации мясного сырья

Purpose. Combined use of ultrasonic and microwave treatment potential evaluation in the meat raw materials defrosting in terms of efficiency and impact on functional and technological properties. Materials and Methods. Defrosting and evaluation of organoleptic and functional-technological properties of meat raw materials samples were performed in conditions of the complex analytical laboratory of Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production. Analyses of qualitative characteristics were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods in the food industry and actual national standards. The objects of the study were frozen samples of lean pork, сhicken breast meat, pork heart, beef liver. Results. In the research, a defrosting meat raw materials method, based on successive processing with microwave fields and ultrasonic vibrations in a solution of sodium chloride was studied. To obtain relevant results, other methods of defrosting frozen meat raw materials used in the food industry were also analyzed. It was found that the combined effect of the microwave electromagnetic field and ultrasonic treatment in an aqueous medium on meat raw materials in all the studied cases has a synergistic effect, thereby increasing the rate of defrosting. In comparison with the immersion method in meat raw materials located in the ultrasound field, moisture accumulation is slower. Supposedly, this occurs due to the hydration processes inhibition on the meat raw materials surface under the effect of ultrasonic cavitation in a liquid. Conclusion. The proposed method of defrosting can be considered promising in terms of reducing weight loss of meat raw materials. At the same time, ultrasonic treatment prevents the accumulation of excess moisture. Soaking in a solution of sodium chloride makes it possible to increase heat transfer and thereby avoid local overheating of the surface, and even increase the power of the microwave electromagnetic field. At the same time, this type of processing leads to a insignificant increase in hardness and darkening of the surface, which limits the raw materials possibilities use.

Exploring industrial waste management challenges and smart solutions: An integrated hesitant fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach

Industrial waste encompasses all types of waste generated from industrial, manufacturing, and mining activities. To minimize adverse environmental impacts, industrial waste can be effectively managed through implementingsmart technologies. The present study aimed to identify the challenges of industrial waste management and propose smart solutions to effectively manage these challenges. The findings derived from a systematic literature review indicate that the challenges of industrial waste management can be classified into five dimensions within the STEEGO model. By evaluating the weights of each dimension using the HF-BWM method, the “organizational” dimension, with a weight of 0.27, was found to be the severest challenge, while the “technological” dimension, with a weight of 0.347, was considered to be the most probable challenge. Furthermore, the findings from conceptual modeling, using the TISM method, show that the primary challenges in industrial waste management include: “a lack of culture for effective waste management”, “insufficient training on legal waste drainage and proper waste digestion”, and “a lack of specific technical instructions for refining and recycling." To overcome these challenges, smart solutions have been proposed. The result of the HF-QFD method indicate that the most important solution is “constructing smart infrastructure for proper waste management”, with a score of 0.27.The novelty of this study lies in the theoretical development of the model for the challenges of industrial waste management by applying the “organizational” dimension, considering both biological and physical aspects in the “environmental” dimension, identifying smart solutions to overcome the challenges for cleaner industrial waste systems, as well as using smart industrial waste management technologies in different industries.Our results emphasize that, given the type of waste, industry managers should employ specific smart technologies for disposing and recycling industrial waste. This approach can prevent the loss of raw materials and protect the environment from various types of waste.

Continuous and Impact Cutting in Mechanized Sugarcane Harvest: Quality, Losses and Impurities

Sugarcane harvesting requires improvements, particularly in cutting tools. Continuous cutting saws have been introduced as a solution to this issue. This study evaluates the performance of two basal sugarcane cutting systems in different fields: a traditional impact cut system (ICS) with knives and a continuous cut system (CCS) with saw blades. Tests were conducted during two crop cycles in three areas, using a 3 × 2 factorial design with two cutting devices and four replications per treatment. Cut quality indices and ratoon damage were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Raw material losses were subjected to the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Significant differences in cutting quality were found across different areas. The total crop productivity influenced sugarcane cut quality, with the CCS showing (0.8 Mg ha−1) visible losses in higher productivity areas, which is a 74% increase compared to the ICS. In lower productivity areas, the CCS demonstrated better loss performance (0.8 Mg ha−1). Additionally, the stumps damage rate for the CCS was lower than that for the ICS (0.15 and 0.28, respectively), indicating that saws can preserve cane fields and enhance longevity.

Wireless Networks of Smart Multisensors and Biosensor Devices for Express Diagnostics of the State of Grape and Fruit-Berry Crops and Quality Control of Winemaking Products

The application of information and wireless technologies, multisensor and biosensor devices, as well as sensor networks based on them to control the parameters of technological processes in different industries makes it possible to greatly improve the quality of final products and reduce losses of raw materials at all stages of production and storage. This covers both the industrial production of consumer goods and the food and processing industry. The article describes the developing and testing of network of wireless smart biosensor devices for food industry, namely for controlling the quality of wine, wine materials and food products in the production process. It is considered the technological process of production of wine materials and wine, as well as parameters that are subject of controlling. The requirements for smart multisensor devices, which are reasonable to use in such technological productions, are formulated. Measuring nodes are built on the basis of amperometric sensors and wireless data transmission units. Structural, functional and principle schemas of measuring devices were developed. The design documentation was created for their production at contract factories. The integration of wireless data transmission units into measuring nodes made it possible to build wireless sensor networks based on them. Several structures of wireless networks were developed on the base of wireless nodes with different functionality and with using of different wireless data transmission protocols. Hardware and software for wireless network nodes were developed. It was fulfilled the testing of the multisensor measuring node in autonomous mode, as well as the whole network consisting of several wireless nodes. The test results showed both the weaknesses of the developed devices, which should be eliminated in further researches, and the reasonability of using smart multisensor devices and networks based on them to control the quality of wine materials and wine at different stages of their production and storage. The work was performed with the support and within the Complex program of scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine "Smart" sensor devices of the new generation based on modern materials and technologies." Keywords: biosensors, amperometric transducers, smart multisensors, wireless sensor network, wine and food quality control.

АНАЛИЗ ГРАФИКОВ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ТОКА НАСОСОМ И ПРИЧИН УТЕЧКИ ЖИДКОСТИ НА ОБЪЕКТАХ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ НАСЕЛЁННЫХ ПУНКТОВ

The water supply system with a frequency converter device, used in rural settlements located on the territory of the Chuvash Republic and Nizhny Novgorod region, does not always detect the fact of fluid leakage, which entails inevitable losses of electrical energy. This significantly increases the loss of raw materials and the likelihood of draining the well. It is possible to determine a leak in such water supply systems by digitizing the operating parameters of a borehole pump and transmitting this information using the OwenCloud cloud service developed by OWEN. The purpose of the research is to determine the leakage of liquid in the water supply system of rural settlements based on indirect observation and comparative analysis of the total pump operation time per day. The studies were carried out on working days from February 3 to February 9 and during November 1, 2022. For digitization, a PM210 network gateway was used, which transmitted the operation parameters of the frequency converter (the existing control station) via the RS-485 interface, and then to the cloud environment using SIM cards. The digitized data from the cloud environment was processed in the application program according to a given algorithm with simple logic and the total operating time of the pump per day was determined. Based on these calculations, the presence of a fluid leak in the water supply system was established. Determination of the total pump operation time per day by digitizing and analyzing current consumption indicators will significantly speed up the response time to an emergency situation in the water supply system.

Экономико-правовые аспекты добычи минеральных ресурсов

The relevance of the work is explained by the need to increase the mineral raw materials extraction volume to meet the demands of industries. The purpose of the work. Formation of new relations in the field of extraction and processing of mineral resources, reducing the contradictions between technology, society and the environment. Materials and methods: systematization, generalization and analysis of theoretical studies using predictive methods. Results. A reference is given on the consumption of mineral resources and the formation of waste from the processing of raw materials. The features of the possession of minerals and the influence of this factor on the formation of world politics are characterized. The urgency of the problem of preserving the natural environment and rational use of subsurface reserves is substantiated. The growth rates of resource production up to 2025 are given. The main directions in the field of mineral resources development are formulated. The article describes an instrument for the implementation of state control over the protection of the subsoil, in which the preservation of the Earth’s surface and its restoration in case of violation by mining operations play a priority role. Recommended measures for rational and integrated use to prevent the loss of raw materials. A model of the economic efficiency of nature conservation according to the criterion improve environmental management. The expediency of cooperation between industrial enterprises in order to increase production efficiency through waste disposal is substantiated. It is shown that the future of mankind depends on the reasonable treatment of nature and the rational use of natural resources, and the efficiency of subsoil use is ensured by the solution of legal and economic problems. Resume. 1. The article substantiates the formation of new relations in the field of extraction and processing of mineral resources, reducing the contradictions among technology, society and the environment. 2. The results of the article can be in demand as an element of the methodology of educating a new attitude to nature which is a link in the system of overcoming antagonistic contradictions between technology and nature.

Design of Double-Roller Anisotropic Force-Feeding Device for the D200 Single Screw Straw Fiber Extruder

A force-feeding device with a double-roller anisotropic was designed for the D200 single screw straw fiber extruder to keep the performance continuity of the system, which could improve the productivity of straw fiber. Four factors (the diameter of the auxiliary roll, the difference in linear speed of the two rolls, the gap between two rollers and the spindle speed as the test factors) were investigated to establish regression model to analyze the influence of the coupling of multiple factors on the test indexes. It was demonstrated that significant effects (p < 0.05) on the feeding rate and material loss were produced by four factors according to the experimental results. The sequence of influence in descending order on feeding rate was spindle speed, linear speed difference, gap and auxiliary roller diameter. The effects on materials loss in descending order were auxiliary roller diameter, line speed difference, spindle speed and gap. The optimal combination of parameters was obtained by the response surface, which were an auxiliary roller diameter of 230 mm, a spindle speed of 104.49 rpm, a line speed difference of 2840 mm/s and a gap between the two rolls of 14 mm. The average feeding rate was 2.3798 t/h, and the loss was 1.908 kg/h, and the errors were within 3.28%, which satisfied the feeding requirements for rice straw fiber production with high feeding efficiency and low raw material losses. This study provided a reference for the forced compression feeding and fibrillation process of rice straw.

Recycling of Heterogeneous Mixed Waste Polymers through Reactive Mixing

Anything that is not recycled and/or recovered from waste represents a loss of raw materials. Recycling plastics can help to reduce this loss and to reduce greenhouse gases, improving the goal of the decarbonization of plastic. While the recycling of single polymers is well assessed, the recycling of mixed plastics is very difficult because of the strong incompatibility among the different polymers usually present in urban waste. In this work, heterogeneous mixed polymers, i.e., polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylenetherephthalate (PET) were processed using a laboratory mixer under different conditions of temperature, rotational speed and time to evaluate the effect of the above parameters on morphology, viscosity and mechanical properties of the final blends. Morphological analysis shows a strong incompatibility between the polyethylene matrix and the other dispersed polymers. The blends show, of course, a brittle behavior, but this behavior slightly improves with decreasing temperature and increasing rotational speed. A brittle-ductile transition was observed only at a high level of mechanical stress obtained by increasing rotational speed and decreasing temperature and processing time. This behavior has been attributed to both a decrease in the dimensions of the particles of the dispersed phase and to the formation of a small amount of copolymers that act as adhesion promoters between matrix and dispersed phases.

Preparation of High-quality Oil from Vegetable Oil with High-free Fatty Acid (FFA) Content Using an Ammonia/Methanol Solution.

There are significant concerns regarding the quality of vegetable oils in the food and biofuel industries. In this study, we explored the preparation of high- quality oil from high-free fatty acid (FFA) vegetable oil using an ammonia/MeOH solvent as an alkali base. Among the six tested solvents, MeOH was the most suitable for the separation of the oil and FFAs. Among the three alkali bases, ammonia enhanced the miscibility of FFAs in MeOH by forming ammonium salts. The amounts of FFAs in the upper layer and oil in the lower layer were positively correlated (r = 0.9348 and 0.9617, respectively) with MeOH. With increasing MeOH concentration, the amount of oil in the lower layer increased along with the FFAs in the upper layer. Using the molar ratio of ammonia to FFA 1:1 and the ratio (v/w) of MeOH to oil 4:3, 91.6% FFAs and 97.8% oil in the upper and lower layers, respectively, were produced from 50% FFA oil. Using a relational expression of FFAs and oil in the upper layer, 97.1% FFAs and 99.6% oil in each layer was obtained from 10% FFA oil. The oil in the lower layer was further purified by extraction with MeOH. This method is easy and efficient for the separation and purification of oil, accompanied by the reuse of reagents with almost no loss of raw materials.

On the development and deployment of an IIoT Infrastructure for the Fish Canning Industry

The introduction of IoT technologies in industrial settings is changing the way manufacturing companies perceive their production processes, allowing for more accurate monitoring of production-related parameters. Due to the introduction of IoT technologies and associated enhancements in terms of data acquisition, processing, and availability, it becomes possible for manufacturing companies to tackle complex issues, such as the efficiency of production. In this paper, the development of an Industrial IoT solution targeting the fish canning industrial sector is described, as an approach to identify and monitor raw input material losses as well as water and energy waste, an endemic issue of the sector, promoting an increased efficiency in the production processes. This paper mainly focuses on the description of the implementation of the proposed IoT technologies for monitoring waste and loss, and its deployment in three distinct environments, including at a fish canning manufacturing company.

Research on raw material ordering and transportation scheme of production enterprises based on genetic algorithm

With the deepening of China's reform and opening up and the gradual improvement of productivity level,the production enterprises of construction and decoration panels have gradually sprung up. In order to improve the production efficiency of enterprises and reduce the loss of raw materials, this paper establishes an analytical hierarchical model, and a 0-1 goal programming model. Based on the analysis of the problem, it pays attention to the connection between the questions. A rational solution for ordering and transporting raw materials based on the 0-1 goal programming model is also proposed in conjunction with real-life practice. In this paper, the problem is solved by building several mathematical models and the results are entered in Annex A and Annex B. After the model is implemented and tested, significant improvements are found. In addition, the model is improved by a genetic algorithm so that the model is well applicable and generalizable.

Technology of craft confiture from non-traditional local raw materials

Climate change and lower yields require maximum utilization of natural resources. In order to reduce the loss of valuable raw materials, it is relevant to substantiate craft innovative technologies involving local raw materials with maximum resource conservation. Taking into consideration global trends in the production of organic craft products, it has been established that there is a need to introduce resource-saving technologies. The object of research for the preparation of craft confiture was quince and green tomatoes. We examined 5 samples of confiture with different ratios of quince puree to the green tomato puree. Sensory analysis revealed that compared to the score of the control sample (14.94 points), sample No. 3 (14.87 points) with a ratio of 2:1 quince puree to green tomato puree is rational. It was found that the viscosity and shear stress indicators for control sample No. 1 and sample No. 3 are quite similar. The measurement results showed that the systems that were investigated have stable structure characteristics of viscous-plastic systems. The research results show that the introduction of green tomato puree into the composition of the model compositions has almost no effect on the viscosity of the masses (sample No. 3) compared to the control sample. The obtained data show that, regardless of the shear rate, the structure is actually the same. It was established that in the prototype of confiture there are no significant changes in the chemical composition. However, there is a slight decrease in the content of carbohydrates, organic acids, and phenolic compounds, by 20 %, which is associated with a decrease in the quince content and the introduction of green tomatoes into the recipe. The energy value of the new product decreased by 5 %, which is insignificant. Microbiological studies indicate the hygienic safety of manufactured confitures from fruit and vegetable raw materials according to the specified indicators and fully comply with established standards

Perancangan Sistem untuk Minimasi Limbah B3 di PT. XYZ Menggunakan Pendekatan SSM (Soft System Methodology)

PT. XYZ is a company that produces pharmaceutical products for livestock. Most of the raw materials for veterinary drugs consist of B3 powder (toxic and hazardous materials). Waste from the production process is unavoidable, one of the types of waste produced by PT. XYZ is B3 powder wastes. According to the Environmental Service (DLH) B3 waste cannot be directly discharged into the environment, therefore PT. XYZ uses 3rd party services in processing B3 waste disposal. PT. XYZ produces powdered B3 waste at an average of 267.12 kg/month, the cost that must be incurred by the company to manage B3 waste and the value of loss of raw materials is Rp. 28,094,703.70/year. This study aims to design a system for the minimization of B3 waste by using a Soft System Methodology (SSM) approach. The proposed changes from this research use the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, recycle). The implementation of the proposed changes can result in cost efficiency incurred by the company for B3 waste management of Rp. 18,368,995.87/year.

Research on Raw Material Ordering and Transportation for Enterprises Based on Goal Planning

The ordering and transportation of raw materials have an important impact on the operations of enterprises. In this paper, the importance of suppliers is measured by three indicators, namely, suppliers' supply efficiency, supply capability and reputation. Based on the three evaluation indicators, the evaluation system of supplier importance is developed, and the TOPSIS evaluation method is used to rank the suppliers. After pre-processing the given data, we set up a multi-objective optimization model with the objectives of minimum number of suppliers, minimum expected total cost of raw materials and minimum amount of loss in transit, and figured out the minimum loss of raw materials of 4526.066 cubic meters. The correctness and validity of the model were demonstrated by comparing the loss of raw materials in the last five years.

Emerging Approach for Fish Freshness Evaluation: Principle, Application and Challenges.

Affected by micro-organisms and endogenous enzymes, fish are highly perishable during storage, processing and transportation. Efficient evaluation of fish freshness to ensure consumer safety and reduce raw material losses has received an increasing amount of attention. Several of the conventional freshness assessment techniques have plenty of shortcomings, such as being destructive, time-consuming and laborious. Recently, various sensors and spectroscopic techniques have shown great potential due to rapid analysis, low sample preparation and cost-effectiveness, and some methods are especially non-destructive and suitable for online or large-scale operations. Non-destructive techniques typically respond to characteristic substances produced by fish during spoilage without destroying the sample. In this review, we summarize, in detail, the principles and applications of emerging approaches for assessing fish freshness including visual indicators derived from intelligent packaging, active sensors, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and optical spectroscopic techniques. Recent developments in emerging technologies have demonstrated their advantages in detecting fish freshness, but some challenges remain in popularization, optimizing sensor selectivity and sensitivity, and the development of algorithms and chemometrics in spectroscopic techniques.

Determination of yield of fractional material bydestruction of martiteore by water jets depending on the direction of their cutting

Purpose. Highlight the main results of the experiments performed on the destruction of martite ores by the method of borehole hydraulic destruction by their layering. Since, as a result of the analysis of literary sources, it was established that some of the deposits of the Kryvyi Rihiron ore basin are suitable for hydro monitor excavation.Consideration of the method of introducing technologies for hydromechanization of mining operations in the conditions of the Kryvyi Rihiron ore basin is a topical issue. The methods. Using experimental installations conduct experiments on the destruction of layers of martite ores, gradually increasing the water pressure and determine the qualitative fractional yield of raw materials. Mathematical processing of the results obtained and the construction of dependencies based on experiments. Findings. Showing of the sequence of the experiment, the creation of summary tables with the results and the construction of illustrated graphs is the result of a study of determining the yield of fractional material during the destruction of ores by water jets. The originality. Experiments have shown that the yield of the ore fraction during their destruction using the hydro fracture method depends both on the water pressure and on the stratification of the ores. Ores that break down along the layer are more prone to overgrinding, and ores that break into a cross are less likely to. Therefore, the output of fractions during the destruction of layers of martite ores in some values can be controlled. Practical implementation. The development of floodingdeposits of rich iron ores by classical, unsuitable methods is accompanied by a large number of losses of ore raw materials or the impossibility of developing the deposit, because an alternative to the classical drilling and blasting method of destruction of a massif of rock is proposed technology of hydromechanization.The use of borehole hydraulic mining technology will allow the use of water flows from drainage wells or a sump for the safe, non-explosive destruction of the massif. This will increase the safety of mining operations, as well as reduce the seismic impact on the workings before the start of stope extraction.

RANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI MONITORING PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU PRODUKSI

Production of raw materials is one of the scopes of PT. Cahaya Harapan Satya has a direct impact on production performance. Delays in the fulfillment of product orders ordered by consumers can harm the company. Meanwhile, if the supply of raw materials is excessive, it can increase storage costs, damage, and loss of raw materials. The purpose of this study is to overcome existing problems, for that, it is necessary to make an inventory system application that is useful for monitoring the availability of web-based production raw materials to solve the problems that occur. The web-based production raw material inventory data processing system that has been created is expected to be applied properly so that it can minimize and even solve problems that previously often occurred

Ecology and utilization of ore dressing tailings

Based on the study of ways to increase the efficiency of metal production through the use of technologies for leaching substandard ores in terms of metal content, a data bank was formed and an algorithm for controlling the processes of leaching substandard non-ferrous ores in terms of metal content was proposed. The concept of the development of technogenic deposits by leaching metals is proposed as an important direction of rational use of subsurface resources. The development of an algorithm for controlling the process of leaching non-ferrous metals from substandard raw materials is a tool for compensating losses of valuable and scarce raw materials allowed in the technological chain. Aspects of the mechanochemical technology of extracting metals to obtain an ecological and economic effect and radical hardening of the mineral and raw material base of mining have been studied.