Loss Of Loved Ones Research Articles

Psychosocial Risk Factors Related with Cardiovascular Disease in Pakistani Population

Aim: To enlist the psychosocial risk factors related with cardiovascular disease. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Cardiology, Loralai Medical College & Hospital, Loralai from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients of cardiovascular diseases were enrolled. Through a well-structured questionnaire psychosocial stress was measured in terms of grading’s and scores. Socio-demographic details were recorded. Results: The majority of patients were females with a mean age of the patients were 54.2±4.5 years. Stress level for the loss of loved ones at moderate grade was 56.6% and severe stress by37.5% of patients for the same. There were 13.3% widow or divorced who felt severe stress related to their marital status and 58% had low grade stress associated with their job. Conclusion: Loss of loved ones, marital stress, financial and job related stress are the main psychosocial factors identified as major risk of cardiovascular disease. Key words: Psychosocial factors, Stress, Cardiovascular diseases

COVID-19, economic problems, and family relationships in eight Middle East and North African countries.

ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the reported family relationships during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the association between these relationships and individual, interpersonal, and country‐level income in eight Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries.BackgroundCOVID‐19 causes fear of infection, loss of loved ones, and economic problems that may affect family relationships.MethodsData were collected from eight MENA countries using an online survey (July–August 2020). The dependent variable was change in family relationship during COVID‐19, and the independent variables were individual, interpersonal, and country‐level factors represented by sociodemographic factors, COVID‐19 status, financial impact (whether participants lost or had reduced wages) and country income. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted.ResultsThere were 1854 responses, mean (SD) age of 30.6 (9.9) years, 65.8% were female, 3.4% tested COVID‐19 positive, and 20.8% reported lost/reduced wages. Family relationships were more likely to improve or remain unchanged (84.3%) for participants who had a history of COVID‐19 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.25, 10.01]). However, family relationships were more likely to not improve for those who knew someone who died of COVID‐19 (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.58, 0.99]) and those with lost/reduced wages (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.52, 0.94]).ConclusionFamily relationship improved or remained unchanged for those who tested positive for COVID‐19 and did not improve for those who lost wages or lost someone due to COVID‐19.ImplicationsPolicy makers should develop strategies to provide social and financial support to employees to reduce the losses and adverse social impact caused by the pandemic.

College student interest in teletherapy and self-guided mental health supports during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened college students’ mental health while simultaneously creating new barriers to traditional in-person care. Teletherapy and online self-guided mental health supports are two potential avenues for addressing unmet mental health needs when face-to-face services are less accessible, but little is known about factors that shape interest in these supports. Participants: 1,224 U.S. undergraduate students (mean age = 20.7; 73% female; 40% White) participated. Methods: Students completed an online questionnaire assessing interest in teletherapy and self-guided supports. Predictors included age, sex, race/ethnicity, sexual minority status, and anxiety and depression symptomatology. Results: Interest rates were 20% and 25% for at-cost supports (teletherapy and online self-help, respectively) and 70% and 72% for free supports (teletherapy and online self-help, respectively). Patterns emerged by age, anxiety symptom severity, and race/ethnicity. Conclusions: Results may inform universities’ efforts to optimize students’ engagement with nontraditional, digital mental health supports, including teletherapy and self-guided programs. The SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a severe toll on public health, with effects reaching far beyond unprecedented illness and mortality. Levels of mental health difficulties appear to be rising broadly as the pandemic has progressed, both in the general U.S. population and among college students specifically. 1 , 2 The COVID-19 pandemic and its repercussions may undermine college student mental health in myriad ways. 2 Concurrently, students now face the potential for serious illness, loss of loved ones, financial strain, social isolation, loss of on-campus resources, and sudden disruption of routines—creating a “perfect storm” for the emergence or exacerbation of psychological distress.

Effect of COVID-19 on older adults 50 years and above living with HIV in a less-developed country

Introduction: Globally, control measures have been communicated to reverse the COVID-19 pandemic. In Uganda, as soon as the first case of COVID-19 was identified, strict lockdown measures were enforced, including a ban on all public and private transport, night curfew, closure of schools, and suspension of religious and social gatherings and closure of non-essential shops and markets. These measures affected access to health services, which could have been worse for older people living with HIV (PLHIV). In this study, we explored how COVID-19 affected the health and social life of older PLHIV. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in HIV clinics of two hospitals in Uganda. We completed 40 in-depth interviews with adults above 50 years who had lived with HIV for more than 10 years. The interviews explored the effect of COVID-19 on their health and social life during the lockdown. We analysed data thematically. Results: The overarching themes regarding the effects of COVID-19 on older adults living with HIV were fear and anxiety during the lockdown, lack of access to health care leading to missing HIV clinic appointments and not taking their ART medicines, financial burden, loss of loved ones, and effect on children’s education. Some patients overcame health-related challenges by sending motorcycles to their health facilities with their identifying documents to get the medicines refilled. Some health care providers took the ART medicines to their patients’ homes. Conclusion: The COVID-19 lockdown negatively affected the health and social well-being of older PLHIV. This calls for strategies to improve HIV care and treatment access during the lockdown to sustain the HIV program gains in this vulnerable population.

Sociodemographic correlates and associated factors of depression and anxiety among internally displaced adults in Ogoja, Nigeria

BackgroundDisplaced persons in Nigeria experience various difficulties at different stages of their displacement, including mental and physical problems. These experiences have been associated with different types of mental disorders.AimsThis study...

Psychiatric Resident Perceptions of Competency in the Management of Social Isolation and Grief in Geriatric Patients

Psychiatric Resident Perceptions of Competency in the Management of Social Isolation and Grief in Geriatric Patients

An Association Between Psychological Childbirth Trauma and Hazardous Alcohol Use

Hazardous alcohol use is increasing amongst some groups of women, yet little is known about the underlying reasons or gender-specific influences. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between psychological childbirth trauma and women’s hazardous alcohol use. We aimed to identify predictors of hazardous alcohol use given childbirth-related trauma, other life trauma (combat, natural disasters, physical or sexual assault, experiences threatening loss of life or loss of loved ones) and coping motives for drinking, whilst controlling for age, socio-economic status, negative affect and other drinking motives (enhancement and social motives). Australian data from the Why Women Drink survey (N = 301) was analysed. Women who experienced childbirth as traumatic scored higher overall for hazardous drinking and endorsed coping reasons more strongly than those who did not. Analyses of individual differences affecting hazardous drinking revealed coping reasons, rather than trauma itself, as the strongest predictor in a regression model. Other significant predictors included socio-economic status, enhancement of positive emotions and, marginally, negative affect. Findings identified a link between traumatic childbirth and hazardous drinking as a coping strategy. Prospective research is required to characterise predisposing and perpetuating vulnerabilities determining maladaptive coping after traumatic childbirth, and to inform effective interventions.

Relationship-based moral judgments: A qualitative study

ABSTRACT The goal of the present study was to explain the pattern of familiar and unfamiliar relationships influencing moral judgments. In this qualitative study, relationship-based moral judgments were examined according to the constructivist theory. The studied sample included 27 individuals, including 14 women and 13 men (both young and old), living in Tehran. A purposeful sampling method was used. In order to collect data, participants were faced with moral dilemmas using semi-structured interviews. The results showed that emotional intimacy, lack of tolerance for loss of loved ones and avoiding future regrets, group loyalty and common goals, and real or symbolic threats and a negative relationship were factors involved in relationship-based moral judgments. These factors, alone or together with cognitive biases, lead to unfair moral judgments, and after recognizing moral concerns related to ignoring the principle of equality, people tend to use Moral Disengagement mechanisms to reduce self-blame.

Uncovering heterogeneous associations of disaster-related traumatic experiences with subsequent mental health problems: A machine learning approach.

Understanding the differential mental health effects of traumatic experiences is important to identify particularly vulnerable subpopulations. We examined the heterogeneous associations between disaster-related traumatic experiences and postdisaster mental health, using a novel machine learning-based causal inference approach. Data were from a prospective cohort study of Japanese older adults in an area severely affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The baseline survey was conducted 7 months before the disaster and the 2 follow-up surveys were conducted 2.5 and 5.5 years after (n=1150 to n=1644 depending on the exposure-outcome combinations). As disaster-related traumatic experiences, we assessed complete home loss and loss of loved ones. Using the generalized random forest algorithm, we estimated conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) of the disaster damages on postdisaster mental health outcomes to examine the heterogeneous associations by 51 predisaster characteristics of the individuals. We found that, even when there was no population average association between disaster-related trauma and subsequent mental health outcomes, some subgroups experienced severe impacts. We also identified and compared characteristics of the most and least vulnerable groups (ie, top versus bottom deciles of the estimated CATEs). While there were some unique patterns specific to each exposure-outcome combination, the most vulnerable group tended to be from lower socioeconomic backgrounds with preexisting depressive symptoms for many exposure-outcome combinations. We found considerable heterogeneity in the association between disaster-related traumatic experiences and subsequent mental health problems.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CONDITION AND CONSEQUENCES FOR PERSONS WHO HAVE SURVIVED THE LOSS OF PEOPLE LOVED BY THEM DURING A WAR

The purpose of the work is to analyze the psychological features of the condition and consequences for people who have experienced the loss of loved ones during a war. Methodology. Stressful situation leads to a violation of emotional regulation, which provokes acute reactions: crying, aggressive and steroid reactions, fear, motor excitement, nervous tremors, apathy. They are normal for such a situation, but do not always meet the understanding of others. The emotional reactions of a person experiencing stress and loss can develop sinusoidally – periods of excitement and activation will be replaced by periods of passivity and apathy. Their combination and dynamics of development are individual and in similar circumstances can be radically different in different victims. Interaction with the victims and relatives of the victims is always based on emotional, cognitive and behavioral characteristics of the period of acute grief. However, it is important to pay attention to the existence of this individual psychological characteristics of man, which significantly affect the development of its typical reactions, and therefore require an individual approach by a specialist. Individual psychological features are determined by the life story of a particular person, his type of response, length of stay in a stressful situation, the level of social support from family and friends, emotional closeness of the person with the deceased and many other factors. The scientific novelty is that the author analyzes the psychological consequences of experiencing the loss of loved ones in connection with the psychological characteristics of their condition during grief. Conclusions. Since the loss of a loved one, especially in war, is an acute stressful situation, the basis of such a choice takes into account the characteristics caused by such stress. Manifestation of these features can be observed in several areas: cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social. The mourner always has “comrades in misfortune” who are able to understand and share his condition, and this sometimes creates a significant emotional detachment. Violation of the meaning-making constructs of the individual, inner integrity, together with a heightened sense of the uniqueness of their own experience lead to the collapse of mental activity and disruption of social adaptation. In some cases, a person in the grieving stage has a phenomenology of post-traumatic stress disorder, which contains symptoms of invasion, avoidance, increased physiological excitability.

BEREAVEMENT AND COVID-19: PREVALENCE, COMORBIDITY, AND ASSOCIATED FEATURES AMONG UKRAINIAN SAMPLE.

The aim: To examine the features of experiences of bereavement reactions and the severity of comorbid mental health problems in persons who lost loved ones during the pandemic. Materials and methods: 191 volunteers aged 18-60 years participated in this study. All participants were tested during 2018-2020. To assess the mental health problems was used International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and a set of IAPT scales; to the psycho-emotional distress severity associated with loss of loved ones - Inventory of Complicated Grief, with verification of symptoms of complicated grief based on an independent assessment of two experts; and the quality of life satisfaction was assessed by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, Short Form. Results: The results show an association between the severity of symptoms of depression, general anxiety, social avoidance, and loss during the pandemic. The level of psycho-emotional distress was associated with the experience of bereavement as a traumatic event for a group of participants who experienced loss during the pandemic and, at the same time, before the pandemic was associated with the severity of depression. Regardless of the time of loss, people who demonstrated signs of complicated grief have a more pronounced comorbid psychopathology, a higher level of psycho-emotional distress, and a lower level of satisfaction with life quality. Conclusions: It has been established that a person's ability to experience loss as a traumatic experience and grieve during the pandemic is modified with the context of the life situation and reflects those challenges that impose quarantine restrictions.

Death, Funerals and Mourning on the Croatian Islands During the COVID-19 Pandemic

On islands and in island communities, especially smaller and more isolated ones, epidemics were often of greater intensity and left more significant consequences than on the mainland. The unique characteristics of an island (size, remoteness, isolation, small population size, and several manageable access points) affect the transmission of mainland epidemics and their frequency. The current global COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to investigate how the infection and epidemiological measures affected the life and death of island communities. The pandemic has brought mass death into our daily lives and altered the way people grieve, commemorate and remember their deceased. This paper presents the experiences and feelings of people during the COVID-19 pandemic on Croatian islands, with a focus on death, funerals, mourning, and the loss of family members. Due to the impossibility of carrying out the usual practices related to the funeral because of COVID-19 restrictions, the process of mourning and dealing with the loss of loved ones was difficult. Island communities accepted the new rules and adapted to the new circumstances but indicated that island-specific and more flexible crisis management should be applied during this health crisis. Some epidemiological measures, such as social distancing, internal island travel restrictions, and reduced gatherings, were highlighted by islanders as challenging and sometimes unnecessarily strict for some islands and their specific situations. For family members of those who died from COVID-19, additional factors and challenges have complicated their loss. Digital and social media were used to connect people and helped in coping with mourning in solitude and isolation. In this global pandemic, island communities responded to the impact of pandemic crises and adapted to new circumstances of the “new normal”.

CONCEPTS AND SIGNS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN DIFFICULT LIFE CIRCUMSTANCES DUE TO MILITARY CONFLICTS

The article analyzes the signs of violent women who find themselves in difficult life circumstances. Classification and signs of violent acts committed against women are presented. It is emphasized that difficult life circumstances, such as internal displacement, loss of loved ones and relatives in the war, loss of usual life, etc., strongly influence the victimization of women. It has been proven that the problem of violence against women is quite acute for Ukraine, especially during the war. The purpose of the article is to outline the signs of violent acts against women who find themselves in difficult life circumstances due to military conflicts. The conclusions of the conducted research confirm the danger of spreading the problem of violence against women for Ukraine. The danger lies in the fact that various manifestations of violence and mistreatment of women during military conflicts not only destroy family relationships, cause deep psychological trauma, but are also one of the prerequisites for the destruction of the legal, moral and spiritual foundations of society. At the same time, the general problem of socio-psychological work with women who have suffered from violence remains difficult. The further actualization of this issue is the determination of ways to prevent this phenomenon and improve psychocorrective work with this category of women.

Emotions and Stressing Situations Adaptation of Nursing Students in the New Normality

Background: New normality is uncertain in every sense, specifically in education and for many health disciplines. Being immersed in COVID-19 pandemics brought serious consequences for mental health, and is very important to handle emotions and stress coping strategies to obtain positive outcomes. Objective: To identify the most frequent emotions, as well as the adaptation strategies to the new normality faced by the students of nursing. Methods: Qualitative and phenomenological research, with the participation of 20 students from both genders in the middle term of nursing career at Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, from August to November 2021. Information was collected from a focal group for ten sessions; analysis was according to De Souza Minayo, and there was a signed informed consent letter from participants. Results: Four categories emerged with sub-categories. Category I Maximized emotions. Sub-categories: 1) Frustration, anger, disappointment; 2) Personal disappointment, hopelessness, uncertainty; 3) Depression. Category II Support elements close to the new normality. Sub-categories: 1) Family communication; 2) Education for mental and physical health. Category III Stressing situations that exceeded the student. Sub-category: Disease in lovely ones. Category IV Stress coping strategies. Sub-categories: 1) Friends and relatives that help to get better; 2) Family values. Informers pointed out to have maximized emotion, and having no self-control on its negative outcomes occurred; in addition, the situation was not favorable at home with several losses of loved ones, as well as a poor economy that threatened students to give up studies. Conclusion: Emotions facing this new normality are very important and should be attended to, their proper handling will result in a new learning of socio-emotional abilities, stress coping strategies development, better adaptation and informed decisions taken.

Level of depression in primary and secondary school adolescents after COVID 19 in the municipality of Pristina

As adolescence is the most sensitive period of human development, characterized by many physical, psychological, cognitive and emotional changes that affect all adolescents, some more to some less also not forgetting that in recent years we have faced a difficult situation caused by COVID 19, a period of dealing with many health problems, loss of loved ones, closing schools and switching to online learning, isolation social. Our study is focused on adolescence and specifically depression in adolescents of lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools in the municipality of Pristina to know more closely the consequences of COVID 19 in adolescents.

Семьи «враждебных иностранцев» в России и Германии в годы Первой мировой войны 1914-1918 гг.

The article considers an aspect of the history of civil captivity during World War I which, by itself, had not been previously studied — i.e., influence of the internment policy on the situation of “enemy foreigners” families. Until recently, the historiography addressed only the situation of civilian prisoners, men of military age, while the situation of their families was only mentioned. Drawing on documents from the Russian and German archives, as well as on the published sources, including legislative acts, petitions of individuals, memoirs and diaries, a comparative analysis has been carried out of the policy of the authorities in Russia and Germany towards hostile state citizens and their family members. It is concluded that, although the policy of internment in Russia and Germany was not directed strictly against this group of enemy subjects, its very course had a significant impact on their situation. The formation of legal foundations of internment in the Russian Empire is considered. The article shows the changed approaches to internment of enemy subjects under the influence of situation at the front and situation of the individual front-line territories. It has been established that in a number of cases, it was required to deport from front-line areas not only men liable for military service — citizens of states fighting with Russia, but also their family members. In Germany, the rules for internment were unclear, but the established practice also affected the situation of women and children. In both states, when interning men of military age, family members often followed them to camps and places of deportation. The proximity of cultural, economic, and family ties between the citizens of Russia and Germany on the brink of the First World War resulted in a conflict between nationality and citizenship. Russian citizens in Germany, despite being of German origin, became hostile foreigners. The article analyzes the situation of interned family members in German camps. In some cases, there were organized schools for children. A wide variety of reasons caused the breakdown of family ties: different citizenship of family members, loss of loved ones in displacement, internment of some family members, while other remained at their place of residence. It is concluded that there are similarities, as well as differences in the methods of internment in Russia and Germany, which in both cases negatively affected the situation of the families of hostile state citizens.

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Background:COVID-19 pandemic has plagued the world for the past two years. Inflammatory response to SARS CoV 2 virus, social isolation due to quarantine and lock down, loss of loved ones to COVID-19, financial constraints, fear associated with morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection are risk factors for developing neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infection.Aim & Objective:To assess the socio-demographic profile neuropsychiatric manifestations in Post-COVID patients.Materials and methods:Cross-sectional study conducted in Ramaiah Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021. All Patients who have tested negative after infection by COVID 19 and referred by the treating physician from Post-COVID clinic were recruited. Data pertaining to socio-demographic details, family history of COVID infection and death due to same was recorded. Psychiatric diagnosis was made using International Classification of Disease – 10 (ICD-10).Results:Forty patients were recruited for the study. Most of them were male (N=23, 57.5%), age between 30-45 years (N=14, 35.0%), married (N=31, 77.5%), employed (N=25, 62.5%), and urban population (N=39, 97.5%). Most of the participants had family history of COVID-19 (N=23, 57.5%), did not have death in family due to COVID-19 (N=33, 82.5%) and did not suffer from pre-existing psychiatric illness (N=33, 82.5%). The most common psychiatric diagnosis was Panic Disorder (N=13, 32.5%) followed by Depression (N=12, 30.0%).Conclusion:Mental health professionals should prepare to manage the mental health pandemic that is co-occurring with COVID-19 pandemic and is likely to continue beyond the COVID-19 infection pandemic.

КРИМІНОЛОГІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ТА ЗАПОБІГАННЯ СУЇЦИДУ СЕРЕД ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ

It has been found that suicide in Ukraine is the seventh leading cause of death, which confirms the criticality of the problem and the need to solve it as soon as possible. Today, there is a need to support such categories of people as children and youth, servicemen, convicts and the elderly. The need to unite the efforts of all services that ensure the viability of military units was identified. The study of suicide in the armed forces has shown that suicide prevention is comprehensive and can only be addressed through the joint efforts of physicians, psychologists, social workers, commanders of all levels and officers of educational institutions. It has been found that suicide is usually carried out of desperation, in protest to preserve self-esteem, as a result of obscuration of the mind to avoid pain or revenge. Poverty, unemployment, loss of loved ones and problems in family relationships are also areas at risk of voluntary death and, most importantly, experts do not have the full amount of accurate statistics on the number of "successful" attempts to leave this world. The increased social danger and high latency of suicide of servicemen have been determined. It is emphasized that the criminal law subgroup consists of determinants, which, unlike most general social determinants, arise from the direct influence of some individuals on others and the main complication is that such influence is intentional, covered by cruel, immoral nature of in connection with which entails socially dangerous consequences. The main reasons and conditions that contribute to suicide are named. It is proved that suicide prevention in the Armed Forces of Ukraine should be based on knowledge of probable causes and their elimination. The basis of prevention is high morality. It is necessary to achieve the utmost respect for others, taking into account personal dignity. Conduct educational work, including religious education.

ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ВРЕМЕНИ В ЭПОХУ ПАНДЕМИИ: ВОЗВРАЩЕНИЕ К АРХАИКЕ?

The article discusses the changes that have taken place in the modern person’s understanding of time, its functions, course, length, which have manifested in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the archaic in three aspects — as a category of time, as a phenomenon of culture and as a property of the human brain, the authors focus on the manifestation in the ideas of modern man of such archaic features as the feeling of the “end of time”, its cyclicity, syncretism, “forced presentism”. As an explanation of the reasons for the process of archaization of a person’s ideas about time in the era of a pandemic, the authors apply the theory of the frame and come to the conclusion that through the launch of the mechanisms of fear of illness, loss of loved ones, the break in social contacts was a trigger to launch the action of the archaic in the mind of a person, which led to the inversion or reframing of some elements of the primitive attitude in the mind.

COVID-19 mental health challenges: A scoping review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disordered the lives of millions in an unprecedented way. A state of mental health crisis has emerged across the globe. The lifestyle and well-being of the individual and social integrity have been adversely affected. One-third of US citizens and one in five Indian citizens suffer from depression due to this pandemic. This scoping review aimed to estimate the mental health challenges and their possible solutions in the recent two years (2020-2021). Our search strategy used search engines such as Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed. The search strategy used the MeSH keywords "Mental Health AND Covid-19". The findings emerged in the following key points: anxiety and depression, social isolation and quarantine, and vulnerable or high-risk groups. Out of 216 articles screened, 20 were found eligible to meet the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on psychological anxiety, stress and mental disorder during the pandemic. Psychosocial assessment and monitoring in the context of COVID-19 should include inquiries about stressors related to COVID-19, like exposure to infected sources, infected family members, loss of loved ones, physical distance; secondary adverse events like economic loss, psychosocial effects like depression, anxiety, psychosomatic preoccupations, insomnia, increased substance use, domestic violence; and indicators of vulnerability like pre-existing physical or psychological conditions.