Loss Of Bladder Control Research Articles

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in the Philippines.

Depressive symptoms may increase with age, potentially influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, stressors and support, health status, and health behaviour. It is unclear if this is the case among older adults in the Philippines. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among older adults in the Philippines. In all, 5209 items of cross-sectional nationally representative data from older adults (≥60 years) participating in the 2018 Longitudinal Study on Ageing and Health in the Philippines (LSAHP) were analysed. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 11-item 3-response category Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 32.1%, with 25.6% among older men and 36.5% among older women. In the final adjusted models, overall, widowed (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.52, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00 to 2.30), hunger (AOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.51), living alone (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.59), not satisfied with present life (AOR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.09 to 3.81), body pain (AOR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.73 to 3.31), and insomnia (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.31) were positively associated, while working (AOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.80) was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. In addition, among men, older age (80 years and above) (AOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.06 to 3.58), unmet healthcare needs (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.07 to 4.47), and hearing difficulty (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.06 to 5.52) were positively associated poor childhood health (AOR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.36), while social network (AOR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90 to 0.99) was negatively associated. Among women, loss of bladder control (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.77) was positively associated with depressive symptoms. One in three older adults participating in this study exhibited depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic factors, stressors, and health status factors were positively associated, and support factors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms.

Urinary Incontinence Associated with Sertraline use in a Young SSRI-Naïve Female Patient: a Case Report

Introductions: Urinary incontinence is a side effect of several antidepressants, especially those in the SSRI and SNRI groups. Sertraline, a popular SSRI effective against a wide range of mental disorders, is one such drug with a clear association with a new onset of UI. Case: A 20-year-old Indonesian Chinese woman, presenting with mixed anxiety and depressive symptoms, was initially treated with sertraline 50 mg. She experienced an acute onset of urinary urgency and a loss of bladder control. These symptoms resolved upon discontinuation of sertraline. She was then given 10 mg of fluoxetine, and she noted that the urinary problems did not return. The medication was gradually tapered up to 40 mg/day with no remarkable adverse events. Discussions: Sertraline tends to stimulate micturition through effects on M3 muscarinic receptors on the bladder’s detrusor muscle and inhibition of the dopamine transporter in the central nervous system. On the other hand, fluoxetine acts antagonistically on 5-HT2C, inhibiting the voiding reflex and promoting urinary continence. Therefore, though both are SSRIs, sertraline and fluoxetine may exhibit different, clinically meaningful effects. Conclusions: Clinicians need to have a greater awareness of urinary incontinence as a side effect of sertraline, as it impacts patients’ adherence and quality of life. When possible, switching to fluoxetine is recommended for patients with urinary problems in the event of sertraline use.

Clinical and functional correlates of parkinsonism in a population-based sample of individuals aged 75 + : the Pietà study

BackgroundParkinsonism is strongly associated with ageing, and many studies have suggested that parkinsonian signs may affect up to half of older adults and is associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes. We compared clinical and functional characteristics of oldest-old community-dwelling individuals with parkinsonism (parkinsonian group [PG]) to individuals without parkinsonism (non-parkinsonian group [NPG].MethodsThe Pietà study is a population-based study conducted in Caeté, southeast Brazil, involving 607 individuals aged 75 + years submitted to an extensive clinical evaluation. A subset of 65 PG individuals (61.5% women, median age of 82 years) was compared to 542 NPG individuals (64.8% women, median age of 80 years).ResultsPG individuals had significantly more functional impairment, clinical comorbidities (including number of falls, loss of bladder control and dysphagia) and major depression. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age, higher UPDRSm scores, lower category fluency test (animals/minute) and delayed recall memory scores were associated with PG. This group was also more cognitively impaired, with lower performance than NPG individuals in the Mini-Mental State Examination, category fluency test (animals/minute), clock drawing and in delayed recall (p < 0.001 for all tests). UPDRSm scores were the most contributing factor to cognition that independently explained variability in functionality of the entire sample.ConclusionIndividuals aged 75 + years with parkinsonism were significantly more clinically and functionally impaired in this population-based sample. Cognitive dysfunction explained most of the loss of functionality in these patients. UPDRS-m scores contributed independently to explain variability in functionality in the whole sample.

Central nervous system sulfatide deficiency as a causal factor for bladder disorder in Alzheimer's disease.

Despite being a brain disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often accompanied by peripheral organ dysregulations (e.g., loss of bladder control in late-stage AD), which highly rely on spinal cord coordination. However, the causal factor(s) for peripheral organ dysregulation in AD remain elusive. The central nervous system (CNS) is enriched in lipids. We applied quantitative shotgun lipidomics to determine lipid profiles of human AD spinal cord tissues. Additionally, a CNS sulfatide (ST)-deficient mouse model was used to study the lipidome, transcriptome and peripheral organ phenotypes of ST loss. We observed marked myelin lipid reduction in the spinal cord of AD subjects versus cognitively normal individuals. Among which, levels of ST, a myelin-enriched lipid class, were strongly and negatively associated with the severity of AD. A CNS myelin-specific ST-deficient mouse model was used to further identify the causes and consequences of spinal cord lipidome changes. Interestingly, ST deficiency led to spinal cord lipidome and transcriptome profiles highly resembling those observed in AD, characterized by decline of multiple myelin-enriched lipid classes and enhanced inflammatory responses, respectively. These changes significantly disrupted spinal cord function and led to substantial enlargement of urinary bladder in ST-deficient mice. Our study identified CNS ST deficiency as a causal factor for AD-like lipid dysregulation, inflammation response and ultimately the development of bladder disorders. Targeting to maintain ST levels may serve as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD-related peripheral disorders.

The Role of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Gender-Specific Risk Factors for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control and is a common condition found more often in women. Incontinence can present in several ways. The various forms of incontinence include urgency urinary incontinence, stress urinary incontinence, and mixed urinary incontinence (a combination of both stress urinary incontinence and urgency urinary incontinence). Studies have been conflicting on the prevalence of UI in obese women compared to non-obese women. The subtypes of incontinence may play a role in the discrepancy currently found in research.In addition to the discrepancy seen between subtypes, there may be a reason to believe there is a difference in incontinence presentation and treatment across genders. Our research strives to understand the influences of gender, obesity, and waist circumference on different types of incontinence. Methodology Data were gathered from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset. Questionnaire data from March 2017 through March 2020 categorized as "Kidney Conditions - Urology" and "Weight History" were collected. Binary logistic regressions were performed to examine the association between variables associated with obesity including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference and if the participant had a urine leak during physical activities. Covariates such as waist circumference, gender, age, race, educational level, and marital status were controlled for. Results We found that stress incontinence was positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, and age in men with regression coefficients of 0.038, 0.014, and 0.027, respectively, with a p-value <0.05. In women, stress incontinence was also associated with BMI, waist circumference, and age in addition to being white and being married. Linear regression coefficients were 0.036, 0.019, 0.015, -0.473, and -0.285, respectively, with p-values <0.05. Conclusions Our results suggest that BMI, waist circumference, and age are positively correlated with stress incontinence in both men and women. This is consistent with previous literature yet novel in evaluating stress incontinence in men. This would indicate that stress incontinence is similar among men and women which would indicate that weight loss is a therapeutic target for the treatment of stress incontinence in men. However, our findings additionally highlight the correlation between stress incontinence in women and race, a relationship not seen in men. This identifies a possible difference in the pathophysiology of stress incontinence across genders and would require further investigation into therapeutic treatments in men.

Lesi Medulla Spinalis

Spinal cord injury is one of the main causes of neurological disability due to trauma. The most common cause of spinal cord trauma is due to traffic accidents, etc. Spinal cord trauma itself is classified into complete spinal cord trauma and incomplete spinal cord trauma. While the most common symptoms of spinal cord trauma are acute pain in the back of the neck, paraplegia, total motor sensory paralysis, loss of bladder control (urine retention, bladder distention), decreased sweating and vasomotor tone, decreased respiratory function, respiratory failure. Treatment of spinal cord injuries is primarily aimed at improving and maintaining sensory and motor function. Operative therapy is not recommended unless the patient has an indication for surgery. Incomplete spinal cord injuries tend to have a better prognosis than complete spinal cord injuries.

Urinary incontinence and its homoeopathic management

Urinary incontinence is a condition where there is loss of bladder control and becomes an awkward situation for many. Few patients can have mild symptoms like dribbling of urine on coughing or sneezing and some might have severe symptoms where they cannot control urination and has to pass urine as soon as they get an urge. The prevalence of urinary incontinence is more with increase in age, 5.6% in 30’s and 39% in 70’s, in women, 3% to 5% in young men and increasing to 11% to 34% in elderly men. This article deals about Homeopathic management of urinary incontinence, different remedies, their indicated symptoms and also various rubrics of urinary incontinence.

Identification of Physical Problems of Patients with Acute Stroke

Background: Stroke patients experience a variety of physical problems which affect their activitiesof daily life. As there is need for identifying the physical problems of patients with acute stroke in theinitial stage, the present study was undertaken to identify the physical problems of patients with acutestroke. Objectives: the objectives of the study were to identify the physical problems of patients withacute stroke. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at neurology department of a tertiarycare hospital in Kerala. 60 patients with acute stroke was selected by consecutive sampling technique.Physical problems of stroke patients were identified by standardised tools; National Institute of HealthStroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel index. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical methods wereused to analyze the data. Results: The major physical problems identified were immobility (81.7%),lower extremity weakness (75%), upper extremity weakness (71.6%), loss of bladder control (66.7%),loss of bowel control (65%), feeding problem (63.3%) and communication problems like dysarthria(55%) and aphasia (53.3%). Conclusion: The study stresses the importance of identification of variousexisting and emerging physical problems encountered by acute stroke patients and the preparation of anursing care protocol, which can be utilized in future, for managing the major physical problems.

Case Report on Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Introduction: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), frequently referred as Dawson disease, is a kind of sclerosing panencephalitis, and is an uncommon long-term, continuous cerebral inflammatory condition triggered by a gradual infection with particular faulty types of hyper mutated measles virus.&#x0D; Main Symptoms and/or Important Clinical Findings: Patient came with the complaint of gait abnormalities, sudden fall while walking, loss of speech, staring look, abnormal smile and loss of bladder control, hemiplegia and contracture of all four limbs, seizures, Grade III Malnutrition.&#x0D; The Main Diagnoses, Therapeutic Interventions, and Outcomes: Patient undergone investigation i.e. Blood Test: Hb- 9.8 gm%, TLC- 14,700/mm, Platelet- 2.24 lacs /cu.mm, Total Protein- 8.4 g/dl, HCT- 29.8, Serum Bilirubin- 1.0mg/dl, ALP- 99IU/L, Serum Urea-32mg/dl,SerumCreatinine-0.5mg/dl,SerumSodium-153meq/L,SerumPotassium-.2mmol/L. .CSF igg Measles test was done EEG which revealed burst of periodic complexes with well-preserved back ground activity. Doctor manages with Tab. Valparin 200mg BD, Tab. Frisium 5mg BD, Tab. Baclofen10mgBD,Tab. Samion D3 OD, Syp Q-Carni 5ml BD, Tab. Augment375mg BD.&#x0D; Outcome: After treatment, the child showed some improvement. The patient was admitted to Pediatric Ward No- 22, AVBRH with known case of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and he had complaint of swelling over right jaw with caries tooth since4month.

AI and Robotics to Rehabilitate Lower Body Paralysis

Spinal cord injuries have unpredictable outcomes. While some recover full movement, most of them suffer permanent paralysis, ranging from partial to full-body. Alongside paralysis often comes the loss of bladder control, sexual dysfunction, bedsores, and psychological state issues, among other challenges. The solution for this is the Exoskeleton and the AI technology that offers opportunities to expand virtual and physical access for individuals with disabilities. We will disclose some machines that have an excellent impact on the lives of the elderly and other people with disabilities. However, a very important part of bringing these opportunities to success is guaranteeing that approaching AI technology works well for individuals with a large variety of skills. This paper shows how a wearable exoskeleton suit helps paralyzed people regain their ability to walk, how it works, and how this technology can be improved.

Effectiveness of Structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Pelvic floor muscle exercises in prevention of Urinary incontinence among premenopausal women admitted in selected hospital Bangalore

Introduction: Urinary incontinence, loss of bladder control, is a common and often embarrassing problem which may have a profound impact on quality of life. Women in their premenopausal period may find pelvic muscles are simply weaker than they were before. These muscles may not have enough strength to hold the sphincters close and may cause unwanted leakage of urine. Pelvic floor exercises often also called kegel exercises after their originator, Dr. Arnold Kegel are widely promoted as the starting point for building pelvic floor strength. As urinary incontinence is not a life threating condition, quality of life takes precedence over other issues when deciding the therapy. Pelvic floor muscle education is a well acceptable therapy for urinary incontinence. Assessing patient’s knowledge regarding pelvic floor muscle exercises in an effort to improve their quality of life may be a reasonable starting point. Materials and Methods: It is quantitative quasi experimental research conducted among 40 premenopausal women who were admitted in St. Martha’s Hospital Bangalore. Self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge on pelvic floor muscle exercises. The pretest was administered to control and experiment groups, followed by which post-test was done for the control group. Whereas the experiment group were given a Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises and then administered a post-test. Result and Conclusion: The mean of pretest was 13.02 with standard deviation of 4.02 whereas the post-test mean score was 19.22 with the standard deviation of 3.62. The present study concluded there is an improvement in the knowledge level after the administration of Video Assisted teaching programme on pelvic floor muscle exercises and the study also revealed there is no association between the knowledge scores and the selected demographic variables (age, educational status and place of residence) and clinical variables (parity, type of delivery and urinary incontinence).

Addition of Neuromuscular Taping in Kegel Exercise For Increasing Pelvic Floor Muscles of the Urine Incontinence in Middle-aged Individuals

Urine incontinence is the loss of bladder control, or leaking urine. The current study aimed at providing a physiotherapy intervention such as adding neuromuscular taping to Kegel exercises for increasing the pelvic floor muscles. The study was conducted at the Wredha Khusnul Khotimah house in Pekanbaru. The study is an experimental research with a randomized pre- and post-test group design, and made a comparison between the two groups. The study compared the RUIS (Revised Urinary Incontinence Scale) scale value before and after the intervention. The study sample comprised of 20 middle-aged people with urine incontinence condition who were recommended neuromuscular taping in addition to their Kegel exercises for six weeks. Mann Whitney test found p-value &lt; 0.05, so it could be concluded that there was a difference between the RUIS value before and after the intervention in both groups. The addition of neuromuscular taping to Kegel exercises is more effective than Kegel exercise alone for urine incontinence condition in middle-aged individuals.&#x0D; Keywords: neuromuscular taping, elderly, urine incontinence

Collaboration for rare diabetes: understanding new treatment options for Wolfram syndrome.

Wolfram Syndrome is a very rare genetic disease causing diabetes mellitus, blindness, deafness, diabetes insipidus, and progressive brainstem degeneration. Neurologic symptoms of affected patients include ataxia, sleep apnea, loss of bladder control, dysphagia, loss of taste, and accompanying psychiatric symptoms as a sign of progressive neurodegeneration. Its genetic cause is mainly biallelic mutations of the Wolframin endoplasmatic reticulum transmembrane glycoprotein gene Wfs1. These result in increased ER stress, which in turn induces apoptosis and leads to the depletion of the corresponding cells and a loss of their physiological functions. Though diabetes mellitus is mostly treated by insulin, there is still no proven cure for the disease in general. It leads to premature death in affected individuals-usually within the 4th decade of live. Clinical studies are currently being conducted at various locations worldwide to test a therapy for the disease using various approaches. As rare diseases in general represent a major challenge for individual clinicians and researchers due to the rarity of diagnosis, the lack of evidence and of value of existing research, international cooperation, coordination and networking leading to an alignment of different stakeholders is necessary to support patients and increase knowledge about these diseases, like wolfram syndrome. ENDO-ERN and EURRECA are two EU-funded networks that aim to promote knowledge sharing, education and research on rare endocrine diseases.

How to treat Urinary Incontinence in Women without Surgery?

Statement of the problem: Urinary incontinence is defined as the loss of bladder control. In Western medicine, the treatment is hard to achieve and the need of surgery is common. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), urinary incontinence is caused by Kidney-Yang deficiency.

Giant cell tumors of the sacrum: is non-operative treatment effective?

Giant cell tumors of sacrum in which surgery could endanger important neural components were treated with short term denosumab, angioembolisation and radiotherapy in different combinations to provide a non-operative function preserving treatment option. Between April 2013 and April 2017, 13 sacral GCTs [proximal extent of disease-S1 (10), S2 (2) and S3 (1)] were treated. Age ranged from 20 to 50years. One patient had loss of bladder control at presentation. Treatment protocol included short term denosumab, angioembolisation and radiotherapy in different combinations. Patients were evaluated every 10-12weeks. If disease ceased to progress no further treatment was advised. In case of progress, patient was advised additional denosumab and/or angioembolisation and/or radiotherapy till disease stopped progressing. 10 patients have non-progressive disease and are asymptomatic, 2 have non-progressive disease with occasional pain, 1 patient died. Follow-up duration (since final non-progression of disease) ranged from 15 to 54months (mean 31months). Total number of angio embolisation sessions ranged from 0 to 12 (mean = 4), total number of denosumab doses ranged from 5 to 16 (mean = 9). Five patients did not receive any radiotherapy, 5 received 50.4Gy and one patient each received 50.4 + 30 + 12Gy, 50.4 + 30Gy and 50.4 + 12Gy. The patient with loss of bladder control at presentation recovered. There were no other long-term complications. This study offers a non-surgical management option that provides good mid-term local control while preserving neurological function in these complex lesions.

Monocentric single-arm study of desmopressin acetate efficacy on nocturnal polyuria in the elderly.

We designed a retrospective, monocentric, observational study to assess the efficacy and short-term side effect profile of desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of antidiuretic hormone, in 42 elderly patients affected by nocturnal polyuria (NP), a subset of nocturia (nocturnal overproduction of urine at night), which is characterised by nocturnal urine volume (NVU) exceeding 33% of the 24-hours total urine output. The subjects had NP and included 25 males, which had benign prostatic hyperplasia (12 out of 25 had been surgically or endoscopically operated) and 15 females that had increased urinary frequency, night-time voiding, loss of bladder control and recurrent bladder infections, due to perineal wall weakness and vaginal or bladder prolapse. Patients recorded the number of voids during waking hours using a digital continuous urine meter. The quality of life (QoL) and efficacy of desmopressin were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Nocturia Quality of Life Module (ICIQ-Nqol) and International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire (IPPS-Q8). The dosage of desmopressin acetate varied according to the discretion of the physician, usually beginning with one tablet before going to bed at night for 3 months. The dose was increased at 1-week intervals if a reduction in the NVU or night-time frequency was not achieved. We found that desmopressin treatment reduced the nocturnal voided volume (P < .0001), ICIQ-Nqol (P < .0001) and IPPS-Q8 (P < .0001). No significant serum sodium alterations or modifications in serum creatine, potassium, or body weight were observed in all the patients. No adverse effects were observed. Our findings show efficacy of desmopressin in the elderly for NP treatment supporting further clinical trials in larger cohorts of patients.

How to treat urinary incontinence in women without surgery?

Urinary incontinence is defined as the loss of bladder control. In Western medicine, the treatment is hard to achieve and the need of surgery is common. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), urinary incontinence is caused by Kidney <em>Yang</em> deficiency.

Chronic encephalopathy and locked-in state due to scrub typhus related CNS vasculitis

BackgroundScrub Typhus, prevalent in Asia-Pacific region, often has neurological manifestations in the setting of acute febrile illness, as acute encephalitis syndrome. Case reportA 20-year-old female, from western Rajasthan, India presented with calf pain followed by nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and sequentially progressive weakness of limbs, anarthria and loss of bladder control over 10 days. MRI Brain showed T2-weighted and FLAIR hyperintense lesions in corpus callosum, subcortical and periventricular white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem and cerebellum producing starry sky appearance with diffusion restriction. Serum IgM for Scrub typhus was positive and patient progressively improved over 3 weeks with doxycycline. ConclusionsThis report highlights an unusual presentation of scrub typhus with subacute onset and static course, quadriparesis and locked-in state for 2 months, suspected based on red flags on neuroimaging and reversal of deficits with appropriate treatment.

1219 A CASE OF A NIGHT TIME AFFAIR

Abstract Introduction Sleep associated seizures especially Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (NFLE) represents a spectrum of challenging clinical manifestations presenting as complex nocturnal movements/behaviors, making the diagnosis often difficult. Report of Case A 64 y/o male, with history of ongoing complex movements occurring during his sleep, with no history of strokes or neurological deficits. Had extensive neurologic workup (all negative) including routine electroencephalogram (EEG), prolonged inpatient EEG (12 hours), and MRI of the brain. Home sleep study showing moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) AHI 24/hour successfully treated with CPAP therapy (residual AHI 1.7/hour) with improved nighttime symptoms initially. Wife recalls events as happening only at night while sleep, as patient often confused upon waking up in the morning, at times appear to sit up and smack his lips. No nighttime hallucinations, sleep paralysis, or acting out dreams were reported. Had two episodes associated with tongue biting and loss of bladder control. Another episode happened after a daytime nap, patient went outside and was mowing his lawn, went “completely blank “, appeared confused. No daytime or nighttime seizures were ever noticed. Patient do not recall any of the above events. Repeat EEG was normal. MRI/MRA of the head /neck showed small tiny focus in left frontoparietal lobe, suggesting remote cortical ischemic injury. Polysomnography (PSG) with seizure montage showed Interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) foci recorded in the frontal/frontopolar leads without accompanying body movements. Interictal spike and wave activity seen during stage N2. Initially treated with carbamazepine (had skin reaction) switched to levetiracetam with complete resolution of his symptoms. Conclusion This case illustrates the importance of reviewing the clinical history, behavior semiology, and diagnostic ancillary testing such as polysomnography with EEG monitoring in distinguishing nocturnal epileptic seizures from other nocturnal complex behavior disorders and parasomnias.

Cellular Mechanism involved in cypermethrin induced neurotoxicity

Cypermethrin (CYP): Is a class II synthetic pyrethroid that can cause in general irritation, itching at skin and eyes, burning sensation and loss of bladder control through ingestion or directly through dermal absorption exerts. It causes neurotoxicity passing through blood brain barrier in the central nervous system & induces motor deficits. Cypermethrin does not only causing neurotoxicity on central nervous system, but it's also affecting the peripheral nervous system.The inhibtory effect on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, causing excitability and convulsions by decreasing the calcium uptake by nerves, suppression in immune system function in rats, it showed decrease in the numbers of Natural killer NK cells and increase in serum immunoglobulins (Igs) and causes early embryonic deaths, damage in genetic material, disrupts the sexual behavior and estrous cycle disruption. Exposure to low dose of CYP didn’t produce any alternation in GPx, CAT, and SOD activities. Generates proinflammatory cytokines as interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induced by activation of microglia and astrocytes caused by cypermethrin, this activation led to increase the level of TNF-α and IL-1β.