Longitudinal Depressions Research Articles

Descripción de una especie nueva de <i>Meloe</i> Linnaeus, 1758 del subgénero <i>Eurymeloe</i> Reitter, 1911 (Coleoptera, Meloidae) del norte de Marruecos

We describe a new species of Meloe (Coleoptera: Meloidae), subgenus Eurymeloe , included in the M. rugosus species group, related to species of the M. murinus subgroup. The specimens of the new species studied were found along the western Rif mountain chain (Talassemtane National Park) in northwestern Morocco, and were located in hiperhumid montane forest habitats. The new species is characterized by having: a dull black coloration with greyish hue; a very short, curved, and not dense, yellow-whitish pilosity, which does not form tufts; a subrectangular transverse pronotum with a marked median grove and two longitudinal lateral depressions; head and pronotum punctures well impressed and subconfluent; elytra sligtly rugose; tarsomeres with slightly developed ventral pads; aedeagus with curved parameres, laterally depressed, apically pointed, with the distal ventral hook of median lobe close to apex. The new taxon es phenetically similar to M. nanus, M. baudueri and M. flavicomus , but distinguished from all of them by the mentioned morphological external and male genitalia characters. The distribution of the new species, only known from its type locality, overlaps those of M. murinus, M. nanus and possibly M. baudueri , but so far it has not been found in strict sympatry with any of them. The habitat type inhabited by the new species, mountain areas with mixed forests of Pinus pinaster hamiltonii var. maghrebiana, P. nigra mauritanica and Abies maroccana (endemic taxa of the limestone northwestern Rif mountain chain), contrasts with other habitat types recorded for species of the M. (E). murinus species subgroup of the subgenus Eurymeloe .

Nonlinear properties analysis on rutting behaviour of bituminous materials with different air void contents

Rutting is one of the major distresses of flexible pavement. It is defined as the formation of longitudinal depressions along the wheel paths caused by the progressive movement of materials under traffic loading in the asphalt pavement layers or in the underlying base through consolidation or plastic flow. This structural damage has a negative financial impact to the economy. In this study, the rutting behaviour of bituminous materials with different air void contents was investigated. The dynamic cyclic compression testing was carried out to establish nonlinear material models with multiple regression technique. With the specified material models, finite element analysis was carried out to study the rutting behaviour of the wearing course materials with different air void contents in a flexible pavement structure. The simulation result shows that the rutting depth is small at the air void contents of 4.5–8% for wearing course materials. However, for the air void contents above or below this range, the rutting resistance reduces, and thus the rutting depth increases. To verify this simulation result, wheel tracking tests were performed to obtain laboratory data, and the test data was found to be very close to the simulated one. This proved that the developed nonlinear model is applicable to simulate the rutting performance of bituminous mixture and it is a convenient and economical method to be used for the design of bituminous mixtures for both new and rehabilitated pavements.

Uncombable Hair Syndrome

A 4-year-old boy was noted to have unruly, spangled hair, which could not be combed flat. His mother reported that his hair had always had that texture and that it seemed to grow slowly. A hair pull test demonstrated that hairs could not be easily extracted, and light microscopic examination of the hair revealed pathognomonic characteristics of uncombable hair syndrome, including a triangular cross-sectional shape and canal-like longitudinal depressions.

Statistical Modeling of Accelerated Pavement Failure Using Response Surface Methodology

Rutting is one of the major load-related distresses in airport flexible pavements. Rutting in paving materials develop gradually with an increasing number of load applications, usually appearing as longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths and it may be accompanied by small upheavals to the sides. Significant research has been conducted to determine the factors which affect rutting and how they can be controlled. Using the experimental design concepts, a series of tests can be conducted while varying levels of different parameters, which could be the cause for rutting in airport flexible pavements. If proper experimental design is done, the results obtained from these tests can give a better insight into the causes of rutting and the presence of interactions and synergisms among the system variables which have influence on rutting. Although traditionally, laboratory experiments are conducted in a controlled fashion to understand the statistical interaction of variables in such situations, this study is an attempt to identify the critical system variables influencing airport flexible pavement rut depth from a statistical DoE perspective using real field data from a full-scale test facility. The test results do strongly indicate that the response (rut depth) has too much noise in it and it would not allow determination of a good model. From a statistical DoE perspective, two major changes proposed for this experiment are: (1) actual replication of the tests is definitely required, (2) nuisance variables need to be identified and blocked properly. Further investigation is necessary to determine possible sources of noise in the experiment. Keywords—Airport Pavement, Design of Experiments, Rutting, NAPTF. the relative strength of the pavement layers, a significant portion of the total rutting can occur in the pavement foundation due to weak subgrade or the use of a low quality aggregate base (4). Significant rutting can lead to major structural failure of the pavement. Rutting in paving materials develop gradually with an increasing number of load applications, usually appearing as longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths accompanied by small upheavals to the sides (5). To limit pavement surface rutting to acceptable levels, the various paving layers and the subgrade must be given careful attention during the design process. Rutting makes it difficult to steer the wheels as the wheels would tend to follow the rutted path. This becomes dangerous in case of airport runways if the runway has even slight amount of rutting due to the large size and high speeds of the airplanes. A rut depth of 1 inch in airport pavements is considered to indicate functional failure due to the ponding it can cause in the presence of water resulting in hydroplaning of the aircraft wheels. Significant research has been conducted to determine the factors which affect rutting and how they can be controlled. Design of Experiments (DoE) refers to experimental methods used to quantify indeterminate measurements of factors and interactions between factors statistically through observance of forced changes made methodically as directed by mathematically systematic tables. Thus, it is a structured, organized method for determining the relationship between factors (Xs) affecting a process and the output of that process (Y). Using the experimental design concepts, a series of tests can be conducted while varying levels of different parameters, which could be the cause for rutting in airport flexible pavements. If proper experimental design is done, the results obtained from these tests can give a better insight into the causes of rutting and the presence of interactions and synergisms among the system variables which have influence on rutting. This paper reports findings from a preliminary investigatory study conducted to quantify the effect of some of the critical system variables on airport pavement rutting performance using design of experiments.

Shell Growth, Surface Quality and Mould Taper Design For High-Speed Casting of Stainless Steel Billets

An industrial plant trial was conducted on an operating billet casting machine at a Canadian minimill to determine mould wall temperature profiles for different stainless steel grades, a range of casting speeds, mould flux types and oscillation frequencies. Samples of the billets cast at the trial were collected and process variables were recorded. An inverse heat-conduction model was utilized to determine mould heat flux from measured mould-wall temperatures. Mathematical models were utilized to investigate mould/billet interaction and mould taper using the heat flux as input. The results from plant measurements, mathematical models and billet sample evaluations were used to correlate mould thermal response with transverse and longitudinal depressions and oscillation-mark depths for austenitic and martensitic stainless steels.On a effectué un essai en usine avec un appareil à couler les billettes, à un mini-moulin canadien. On a déterminé les profils de température des parois du moule en utilisant différentes catégories d'acier inoxydable, à différentes vitesses de coulée, avec divers types de flux de moule et diverses fréquences d'oscillation. On a ramassé des échantillons de billettes coulées lors des essais et l'on a enregistré les variables du procédé. On a utilisé un modèle inverse chaleur-conduction pour déterminer le flux de chaleur du moule à partir des mesures de température des parois du moule. On a utilisé des modèles mathématiques pour étudier l'interaction moule/billette et le rétrécissement du moule, avec le flux de chaleur comme donnée d'entrée. Les résultats des mesures en usine, des modèles mathématiques et de l'évaluation des échantillons de billettes ont servi à corréler la réponse thermale du moule avec les dépressions transverses et longitudinales ainsi qu'avec la profondeur des marques d'oscillation pour des aciers inoxydables austénitiques et martensitiques.

Evaluation of Laparoscopic Findings in Chronic Hepatitis C

Abstract: To elucidate the differences in the progression of liver cirrhosis of chronic hepatitis B and C, the laparoscopic appearance of the liver surface and the histological findings were carefully assessed in 65 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 58 patients with chronic hepatitis C.There was a difference noted in the distribution of periportal reddish markings between the two types of chronic hepatitis. Localized and irregular markings were found to be common in hepatitis C. While the markings were seen to be diffusely distributed over the liver surface in hepatitis B. In addition, localized and longitudinal depressions on the liver surface were observbed more frequently in the hepatitis C patients than in those with hepatitis B. Biopsy specimens obtained from the hepatitis C patients with the above‐mentioned laparoscopic findings showed more advanced histological activity. These laparoscopic changes developed in accordance with the progression of histological activity in chronic hepatitis C. Lymphoid follicles or aggregates within the portal areas were observed more frequently in the patients with chronic hepatitis C than in the chronic hepatitis B patients.Although it is not yet clear how the laparoscopic and histological differences between these two types of chronic hepatitis come about, it appears that the progression of hepatocellular necrosis in chronic hepatitis C is different from that of chronic hepatitis B.

The Effect of Surface Depressions on Conformal and Nonconformal Contact Pressure Distributions

This paper presents a numerical method for analyzing the stress concentration around one or several shallow longitudinal surface depressions. The modified iterative method and modified influence function are used in conjunction with an automatic mesh generation technique to avoid solving the ill-condition of the large scale linear system and therefore a wide range of contact problems having multiply-connected regions can be solved. The effect of the blending radius and the pit size on the stress concentration for a pitted copper cylinder contacting an elastic half space are examined. The conformal pressure distributions for a smooth steel journal contacting a self-lubricated bearing with various radial clearances and material properties are also determined. The numerical results show that the smaller the blend radii, the higher the stress concentration for a given pit size. A large deviation from the Hertzian solution is observed for a surface with large pits because of the loss of pressure supporting area. The results of the analysis provides a design tool for predicting the magnitude and location of the peak stress for the rolling and sliding contact elements.

Uncombable hair syndrome: Observations on response to biotin and occurrence in siblings with ectodermal dysplasia

Three children are reported with uncombable hair syndrome, consisting of slow-growing, straw-colored scalp hair that could not be combed flat. The hairs appeared normal on light microscopy but on scanning electron microscopy were triangular in cross section, with canal-like longitudinal depressions. Oral biotin, 0.3 mg three times a day, produced significant improvement after 4 months in one patient, with increased growth rate and with strength and combability of the hair, although the triangular shape remained. The other two patients were unique in having associated ectodermal dysplasia. Their hair slowly improved in appearance and combability over 5 years without biotin therapy.

Neotectonic movements in the carpathians

Abstract This article discusses the main results of neotectonic investigations in the Polish Carpathians. Longitudinal elevations and isolated blocks have been uplifted at different rates, ranging from 0.05 to 0.3 mm/yr. Intramontane basins and longitudinal depressions reveal subsidence attaining 0.12 mm/yr. Present-day velocities of vertical movements attain 3 mm annually while the contemporary thrusting of the Carpathians onto their foreland is from 2 to 6 mm/yr. Four Quaternary episodes of increased tectonic activity have been distinguished: at the Pliocene—Pleistocene boundary, in the Early Pleistocene, before the Matuyama—Brunnes boundary and during the Holsteinian Interglacial. The latter is thought to be the most prominent.

対馬海峡大陸だなの地形発達 対馬陸橋に関連して

The Tsushima Strait are consists of broad continental shelves, connecting the Japanese Islands with the Asian Continent. Systematic sea bottom surveys of this area with two-mile spacing soundings were carried out by Hydrographic Department of Japan from 1973 to 1976. From the seismic profiling, it was revealed that the center of broad continental shelves are surfaced with thick Quaternary sediments where longitudinal depressions lie, trending in the NE-SW direction.In 1977 and 1978, with 0.5-mile-spacing soundings more detailed surveys were conducted by Hydrographic Department in the areas from the southern coast of Tsushima Island to the north of Iki Island and near Shiro-se off the west coast of the Goto Islands, respectively. The distinct depositional terraces were detected at depths of -90m to -110m and -110m to -130m in the Shiro-se area. Along these terrace edges there are sand bars, suggesting the ancient shore lines, and inward shallow depressions.It is noticeable that the basement of the longitudinal depression is buried by sediments which form the depositional terrace at the depths of -110m to -130m. This fact means that the longitudinal depression represents an uncovered portion of the basin reclaimed by shelf sediments. The present topography of the longitudinal depression is modified, however, by currents indicated by a pair of caldrons excavated from the bottom of the depression on the west of Korai-sone.On the other hand, a lot of submarine sand ridges were found in the Tsushima East Channel. These submarine sand ridges are classified into two types: one is a U-type, developing in the narrowest part of the channel between the southern coast of Tsushima Island and Iki Island, and the other is a longitudinal type with a NE trend, developing abundantly in the vast area behind the U-type sand ridge area. From the relations between regular distribution patterns of the sand ridges, and distributions of current velocity and grain size of sediments, the author concluded that these sand ridges are not growing at the present with the Tsushima Current, but have been made by tidal currents in the past when sea level lowered to a depth of -80m. These sand ridges cover the submarine terraces at depths of -90m to -120m. Accordingly, the abundant submarine sand ridges are formed at a certain stage of the sea level rising after the Würm glacial stage when the -110m to -120m terrace was presumably cut.A more detailed survey on a scale of 1/10000 was carried out by Hydrographic Department of Japan in the area off the west coast of Tsushima Island. From the survery, distinct five submarine terraces and fifteen buried shelf channels were discovered. The second terrace, -20m to -35m deep, is a depositional plain covered by Alluvium of 5m to 20m thickness. On the other hand, the fourth terrace at -60m to -70m depths is an erosional plain with a veneer of coarse sediments. The buried shelf channels start from the land river mouths and continue to a depth of about 100m. It is noticeable that the course of the buried shelf channels are interrupted at the fourth terrace, and arc crossed by the second terrace.As a result, the author summarized evolution of the continental shelves as follows. During the Würm glacial stage, the coast line regressed to the present depth of about -100m, and the marine terrace was formed by wave abrasion at that level. Many rivers extended to that coast and cut new dried land. And then sea level rose toward the present sea level.At a certain stage of the sea level rising the sea level stayed at the present depth of about -80m, and many submarine sand ridges were formed in the ancient Tsushima East Channel as in the case of the present Malacca Strait. After the rising of sea level from -80m, the sea level stayed again at the present depth of about -60m. At that time, wave abrasion made the fourth terrace and scratched the submarine valleys out on it.

A new Hypoxylon species with appendaged, ornamented ascospores

A new Hypoxylon species with a cellular appendage on the ascospore, H. weldenii, is described. The fungus, collected in Louisiana, differs from other described Hypoxylon species in having ascospores with longitudinal valley-like depressions in the wall.

The Cenozoic history of the southern Atacama Desert, Chile

Four episodes of landscape evolution are recognized, each of which has led to the development of a regional erosion surface. The first phase began upon elevation of northern Chile above sea level in the late Mesozoic, and each subsequent phase commenced with a major incision of drainage into the preceding landscape. Radiometric dating of pyroclastic flows shows that the earliest elements of the present topography already existed in the Lower Eocene, and that most landforms had developed by the Middle-Upper Miocene. Deep canyon formation characterized the latest erosional phase which commenced in the Upper Miocene and is still continuing. Tectonic elevation of the Cordillera de la Costa in relation to the longitudinal depressions seems to have occurred early in the landscape history, though later remobilization along major structures has since taken place. Erosional landforms in the high Andes are often blanketed by constructional volcanic features and the migration of eruptive centres since Miocene times has displaced the continental watershed to the east. Tectonically induced relative sea level changes have caused late Tertiary transgressive deposits in the littoral region to have been terraced during an irregular marine regression. The landscape history which spans the whole of the Tertiary indicates that Andean relief generation has been a prolonged pulsative process. Supergene enrichment of the copper deposits took place under the older erosion surfaces between the Lower Eocene and the Upper Miocene, and the economic viability of a prospective mine can be largely predicted from the overlying topography.

Progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford)

A new case with the typical features of progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford) occurred. Histology of scleroderma-like skin revealed hyalinization of the connective tissue at the lower levels of the dermis and marked reduction of the subcutaneous tissue. Scanning electron microscopy of scalp hairs revealed abnormal longitudinal depressions with minor cuticular defects. Plasma free fatty acids, glycerol, and glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test were within normal limits while the insulin response was flat. Findings from blood lipid studies were normal. Urinary excretion of amino acids and glycosaminoglycans was also normal. Two separate attempts to obtain fibroblasts from skin explants from scleroderma-like skin failed.

Progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford)

A new case with the typical features of progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford) occurred. Histology of scleroderma-like skin revealed hyalinization of the connective tissue at the lower levels of the dermis and marked reduction of the subcutaneous tissue. Scanning electron microscopy of scalp hairs revealed abnormal longitudinal depressions with minor cuticular defects. Plasma free fatty acids, glycerol, and glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test were within normal limits while the insulin response was flat. Findings from blood lipid studies were normal. Urinary excretion of amino acids and glycosaminoglycans was also normal. Two separate attempts to obtain fibroblasts from skin explants from scleroderma-like skin failed.

Alternaria longipes . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria longipes . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Nicotiana tabacum . DISEASE: Brown spot of tobacco. Symptoms first occur on the lower leaves as small, water-soaked spots, becoming brown, orbicular, zonate, up to 3 cm diam., with the centre becoming lighter lesion is surrounded by a yellow halo, which is absent from spots formed on seedlings. Severe spotting leads to general leaf necrosis and death. The spotting is liable to extend during curing. Symptoms are much less conspicuous on young leaves. Necrotic lesions (halo absent) also occur on petioles, seed capsules and stems, in the later forming dark brown elongated longitudinal depressions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, see CMI Map 63, ed. TRANSMISSION: Air-dispersed conidia are more abundant on dry sunny days but spread by splash droplets probably occurs also. The pathogen is harboured in host debris and is also possibly seedborne.

Clinical turner’s syndrome

A case of Turner’s syndrome is reported whose chief features were stunted growth, short neck, cubitus valgus, sexual infantilism, bilaterally longitudinal depressions in front of the chest wall and shortening of the fourth toes, including the metatarsals and phalanges. The sex chromatin was negative i.e. genetic male.

Submarine geomorphology of Eastern Ross Sea and Sulzberger Bay, Antarctica : Lepley L. K., 1964. Marine Geol., 2 (4): 253–261.

Abstract The submarine morphological features of the eastern Ross Sea and Sulzberger Bay are classified into four main categories: (1) outer shelf— the deep-lying terrace of the continental shelf; (2) large, enclosed depressions within the continental shelf — the transverse depression perpendicular to the coast and the longitudinal depressions parallel to the coast; (3) inner shelf— the narrow, relatively shallow portions of the shelf lying between shore and the longitudinal depressions; and (4) moraine-like ridges referred to as transverse ridges or longitudinal ridges, depending on whether they are respectively perpendicular or parallel to the shoreline. The outer shelf break averages about 255 fathoms; the great depth of the outer shelf is attributed to remnant isostatic depression by the continental ice sheet of glacial maxima when the ice extended to the shelf break. The great (600 fathoms) transverse depression of Sulzberger Bay may be the product of erosion by a locally accelerated “ice stream” (during glacial maxima) whose position was controlled by bed rock structure. The origin of the longitudinal depressions can be attributed to erosion by continental ice along zones of weakness due to lithologic changes or faulting parallel to the shore line. The longitudinal ridges are interpreted as end moraines formed during pauses in the retreat of the continental ice sheet. The transverse ridges are interpreted as lateral and end moraines of a former extension of the Ross Ice Sheet.

Submarine geomorphology of eastern Ross Sea and Sulzberger Bay, Antarctica

The submarine morphological features of the eastern Ross Sea and Sulzberger Bay are classified into four main categories: (1) outer shelf— the deep-lying terrace of the continental shelf; ( 2) large, enclosed depressions within the continental shelf — the transverse depression perpendicular to the coast and the longitudinal depressions parallel to the coast; (3) inner shelf— the narrow, relatively shallow portions of the shelf lying between shore and the longitudinal depressions; and ( 4) moraine-like ridges referred to as transverse ridges or longitudinal ridges, depending on whether they are respectively perpendicular or parallel to the shoreline. The outer shelf break averages about 255 fathoms; the great depth of the outer shelf is attributed to remnant isostatic depression by the continental ice sheet of glacial maxima when the ice extended to the shelf break. The great (600 fathoms) transverse depression of Sulzberger Bay may be the product of erosion by a locally accelerated “ice stream” (during glacial maxima) whose position was controlled by bed rock structure. The origin of the longitudinal depressions can be attributed to erosion by continental ice along zones of weakness due to lithologic changes or faulting parallel to the shore line. The longitudinal ridges are interpreted as end moraines formed during pauses in the retreat of the continental ice sheet. The transverse ridges are interpreted as lateral and end moraines of a former extension of the Ross Ice Sheet.

A comparison of a Scottish and a Norwegian Shelf area

Longitudinal depressions along parts of the continental platform of Norway are interpreted as formerly sub-aerially eroded fault zones, and transverse channels as relics of glaciated river valleys. Comparison is made with certain similar features which can be detected off the western coasts of Scotland and the Outer Hebrides. These are less regular and of less marked relief, and complications have been introduced by the Tertiary volcanic zone and the prevalence of NE-SW faults.

Marine Topography of the Cape May Formation

The Cape May formation of New Jersey is a late Pleistocene accumulation of sand and gravel deposited when sea-level stood a score or more feet above that of today. The seaward part of the formation, containing fossils at several places, is marine, whereas valley deposits to the landward, contemporaneous in age, are fluvial. The formation was first considered to be Wisconsin in age, because it contains erratic stones. But more recently it has been considered as nonglacial, because it was deposited during a high stand of the sea and because it contains warm-water fossils: that is, as either interglacial or early postglacial during a temperature maximum. The present study approaches the question of age by an analysis of the topography of the marine portion of the Cape May formation. It is found to be that of low bars and shallow longitudinal depressions parallel to the present shore, drained and slightly modified by consequent fluvial erosion. From the evidence of the amount of erosion of the constructional topography of the marine part of the formation and the amount of weathering which has taken place, it may be rather confidently referred to an interglacial or interstadial interval, prior to the last episode of glaciation. And, furthermore, sea-level has not been higher than its present stand since this interglacial time.