Longer Life Research Articles

Toxicity surveillance in FDA pivotal registration trials for immune checkpoint inhibitors: Are we missing the mark?

215 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment landscape for a multitude of malignancies, leading to prolonged survival and durable responses. Despite this, a significant number of patients will develop immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with significant associated morbidity and mortality. A retrospective study has previously demonstrated that 28% of patients can develop IrAEs from 6 months up to 2 years after starting therapy (1). Surveillance for toxicity is essential for understanding the long-term risk associated with ICIs. We aimed to analyze the reporting timeframes used in clinical trials of immuno-oncology agents leading to FDA approval. Methods: In this retrospective study, we interrogated the HemeOnc knowledgebase to curate a list of all clinical trial publications leading to FDA approval from 2011 to 2024. We manually selected from this list any trial including an immune checkpoint inhibitor either as monotherapy or in combination with another systemic therapy. The adverse event follow-up time was then extrapolated by manually reviewing the trial publication, supplemental materials or the trial protocol depending on where this information was listed. All trials were categorized based on trial initiation dates. Results: We identified 175 clinical trials leading to FDA approvals, with trial initiation dates ranging from 2004 to 2019. 165 trials were included in the analysis with 10 being excluded due to lack of language regarding follow-up. 62% of the trials included were Phase III trials with the remaining 38% Phase I/II trials. The median follow-up days for all trials across this timeframe was 90, with a range of 28 to 135. The median follow-up time for AE monitoring increased by nearly 30%, rising from 70 days in 2004 to 90 days in 2013. Subsequently, we observed a consistent median follow-up time of 90 days (28 to 130 days) from that point onward, with no further increase. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first systematic review of IrAE monitoring in clinical trials leading to FDA approval. In our study we revealed that, despite advancements in the understanding of IrAEs and their potential for late presentation, registration trials leading to regulatory approval remain inadequately designed to capture chronic and delayed immunotherapy toxicities. As these therapies advance into earlier stages of disease with longer life expectancy, it will be critical for regulatory bodies, study sponsors, and trial investigators to either redesign clinical trials or for there to be an alternative method that comprehensively captures the incidence and pattern of late-presenting toxicities. 1. Durbin, ASCO 2023.

Determination of Optimum Nitrogen Level for Maximizing Yield of Two HYV Boro Rice Varieties in Bogura Region, Bangladesh

Application of N fertilizer is very crucial for rice, but both excessive and mild reduced productivity. A field experiment was conducted during the Boro 2021-2022 season to find out the optimum dose of N fertilizer for higher yield. The trial was conducted in a factorial RCBD design with three replications. Factor A: Two varieties of rice viz. BRRI dhan89 and BRRI dhan100 and B: Five Nitrogen levels i.e., 0, 90, 120, 150, and 180 Kg ha−1. Yield and yield-contributing traits varied significantly with N levels. BRRI dhan89 outyielded BRRI dhan100 due to its varietal potential and longer life cycle. The highest tiller number hill−1, panicle number hill−1, panicle length, filled grain panicle−1, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index and lowest spikelet sterility were obtained from 120 kg N ha−1 irrespective of variety. The result revealed that the combination of both varieties with 120 kg N ha−1 followed by 90 Kg N ha−1 in maximizing rice productivity while avoiding excess use of N fertilizer. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2024, 26(2): 41-48

The resistance of domestic canine skin-derived fibroblasts to oxidative and non-oxidative chemical injury: implications of breed and body size.

Small-breed dogs live significantly longer lives than large-breed dogs, while having higher mass-specific metabolic rates and faster growth rates. Underlying this observed physiological difference across domestic dogs, there must also be differences at other levels of organization that could lead to elucidating what accounts for the disparity in aging rates and life span within this species. At the cellular level, a clear mechanism underlying whole animal traits has not been fully elucidated. Here, we cultured dermal fibroblasts from large and small breed dogs from both young and old age categories and examined the degree of resistance to multiple sources of cytotoxic stress. This included heat (42°C), paraquat, cadmium, and hydrogen peroxide for increasing amounts of time (heat) or increasing concentrations (chemical stressors). We hypothesized that small breed dogs, with longer lifespans, would have greater cellular resistance to stress compared with large breed dogs. Final sample sizes include small puppies (N = 18), large puppy (N = 32), small old (N = 11), and large old (N = 23) dogs. Using a 2 (donor size) by 2 (donor age) between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance, we found that the values for the dose that killed 50% of the cells (LD50) were not significantly different based on donor size (p = 0.45) or donor age (p = 0.20). The interaction was also not significant (p = 0.47). Interestingly, we did find that the degree of resistance to cadmium toxicity was significantly correlated with the degree of resistance to both heat and hydrogen peroxide, but not paraquat (p < 0.01 for both). These data suggest that cellular stress resistance does not differ among domestic dogs as a function of size or age, pointing to other cellular pathways as the mechanistic basis for the observed differences in lifespan.

The Neuroprotective Role of Tangeritin

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has increased with longer life expectancies, necessitating the exploration of novel neuroprotective agents. Tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone derived from citrus fruits, has gathered attention for its potential therapeutic effects. This review highlights the neuroprotective properties of tangeretin via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Tangeretin demonstrates efficacy in mitigating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage across various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, and epilepsy. It shows promise in ameliorating cognitive deficits and memory impairments associated with these diseases. Moreover, tangeretin modulates multiple signalling pathways and protects against neuronal apoptosis, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Enhanced steam thermal cycle resistance of Yb2Si2O7 environmental barrier coatings via Al modification

SiC-based ceramic matrix composites are susceptible to performance losses in steam environments, necessitating the use of environmental barrier coatings for their protection. The high Si activity of Yb2Si2O7 material may induce the emergence of Si(OH)4 in steam environments, resulting in the development of a pore structure within Yb2Si2O7. This pore structure weakens the service life of the coating, highlighting the importance of enhancing the steam corrosion resistance of environmental barrier coatings as a key factor in improving their overall longevity. In the present study, we employed Al modification technique to improve the steam corrosion resistance of Yb2Si2O7 coatings. The results indicated that Al-modified Yb2Si2O7 coatings exhibited superior steam thermal cycle corrosion resistance compared to the non-modified Yb2Si2O7 coatings after testing performed at 1523 K for 1000 h (10 h per cycle). This improvement was attributed to the presence of Yb3Al5O12 and Al2O3 composite phases within the Al-modified Yb2Si2O7 coatings, which exhibited low steam activity and effective steam corrosion resistance. Moreover, Al-modified Yb2Si2O7 coatings obtained the dual excellent performance of improving the steam corrosion resistance of Yb2Si2O7 coating and not weakening the thermal cycle ability, providing a guarantee for the longer life of Yb2Si2O7 coating.

Non-invasive central nervous system stimulation to improve bladder and pelvic floor function in the aging population.

The literature was reviewed for all noninvasive central nervous system (CNS) stimulation techniques, which includes transcranial brain or trans-spinal stimulation, in the aging population. Given the rising ubiquity of this technology, noninvasive nature, and low side-effect profile reported, this technology can have a big impact on the aging population. As patients afflicted with neurogenic disorders are living longer lives, a special emphasis is placed on the aging neurogenic population. Noninvasive CNS stimulation techniques have been applied to major bladder and pelvic floor disorders such as voiding dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain, urgency and urge incontinence, lower urinary tract dysfunction, and situational urge incontinence in both the idiopathic and neurogenic populations. Overall, these noninvasive technologies demonstrate effectiveness for the treatment of these conditions with some studies showing effectiveness with longer-term follow-up suggesting lasting CNS remodeling. Most manuscripts had a generally small number of patients and an even smaller number of geriatric patients represented. No studies were specifically designed to investigate geriatric outcomes. It is the hope of this systematic review to help model future studies according to existing literature, but with a focus on the geriatric population as they stand to gain the most from noninvasive technologies with limited adverse events.

Progression, Management, and Outcome of Aortic Valve Stenosis in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Series.

In systemic sclerosis (SSc), cardiac involvement is frequent, heterogeneous, and related to a poor prognosis. Due to a longer life expectancy, the development of degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is not uncommon. The aim of this article is to report the characteristics of AS in SSc, analyzing the rate of progression, the management, and the outcome. This is a case series conducted at the Department of Cardiology of Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy. From January 2007 to December 2022, we analyzed 234 patients with SSc. Ten/234 patients (4.3%) showed severe AS and were included in the analysis (age 75.5 years [IQR 58-84], nine females). Nine had limited and one diffuse SSc. Two patients were in NHYA/WHO II and eight in NYHA/WHO III. All had degenerative three-leaflet AS. Two patients showed severe AS at the first evaluation, and eight developed severe AS during the follow-up, with a time progression from moderate to severe AS of 3.2 ± 1.1 years (progression rate -0.190 ± 0.012 cm2/year for aortic valve area, 8.6 ± 6.1 mmHg/year for mean aortic gradient, 16 ± 7 mmHg/year for peak aortic gradient, and 0.5 ± 0.3 m/s/year for aortic peak velocity). Seven out of 10 patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), one underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), one was left untreated, and one was on a waiting list for TAVI. No major complications after TAVI or SAVR occurred. At a mean follow-up of 5.9 ± 3.9 years, eight patients are alive and two died. Severe AS is a relevant cardiac complication of SSc and must be considered in the screening and during the follow-up. Its rapid progression rate may tentatively be due to autoimmunity, degenerative burden, and chronic inflammation.

Rolling Contact Fatigue Life and Categorization of Failure in Experiment of Flat PEEK Race-Alumina Ball Bearings in Water Lubrication under 1700 N at 1000 rpm

Abstract The rolling contact fatigue tests of flat polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) race-alumina balls bearings in water lubrication were done. From the experiments under 1700 N at 1000 rpm, three types of failures were obtained: a crater-shaped flaking, a rhombus-shaped flaking and a large cracking failures. To research the relationships between the failures and the lives, the surface properties near the failures were measured and observed. No relationships between the surface roughness and the life were found. On the other hand, the contact width of the shorter life specimen was larger than that of the longer life specimen. Two types of the flaking holes were compared to study the differences. The crater-shaped flaking hole exceeded the contact track, but the rhombus-shaped flaking hole existed inside the contact track. In addition, the crater-shaped flaking hole was shallower than the rhombus-shaped flaking hole. This means that the flaking mechanisms were different between them, i. e. the differences of the flaking mechanisms caused the differences of the life.

AHARA VIDHI VIDHAN: A DISCIPLINED DIETARY GUIDELINES BY AYURVEDA

Ahara Vidhi vidhan which describes in Ayurveda classics includes the right way to consume food for the proper digestion and assimilation of food. it is believed that a person's diet and lifestyle have a significant impact on a healthy life as well as in diseased condition. Ayurveda focuses a lot on Ahara (food), and of course, a balanced diet feeds the body, mind, and soul, but an interesting fact is that Ayurveda also focuses on the way that should be taken, posture of the body, calmness of the mind, surrounding everything together, which determines the nutritive value of food. In Ayurveda, Ahara is regarded as one of the fundamental pillars (Upsthambhas) of existence. The change in eating habits of the present era plays a major role in several ailments for example taking without concentration result in indigestion, laughing in between causes nasal regurgitation etc. keeping aware for these facts and properly practices ahara Vidhi vidha can assure better health and healthier longer life too. This article will outline the dos and don’ts regarding food intake so that a healthier society can be established.

Hak Waris Anak Dari Ibu Pengganti (Surrogate Mother) Ditinjau Dari Hukum Islam

Introduction: According to Article 832 of the Civil Code, it is known that legal and illegitimate blood and the spouse with the longest life are entitled as heirs. Islamic Sharia establishes the rules of inheritance in an orderly and fair manner. When a person, male or female, is legally assigned to possess. Islam also provides for the right to transfer one's property after death to his heirs and all his relatives, without distinguishing between male and female.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to know and explain the legal position of children from surrogate mothers in terms of Islamic Law. 1). To know and explain the inheritance rights of children from surrogate mothers in terms of Islamic Law. 2). As one of the academic requirements to obtain a law degree at the Faculty of Law, Pattimura University.Methods of the Research: This research uses a type of normative juridical research that is analytical descriptive.Results of the Research: 1. The legal status of surrogate mothers in Islamic law is that in Islamic law, a child born to a surrogate mother belongs to the mother who conceived and gave birth to the child, even though the egg is not hers. Children born through this process are also assigned to pregnant and giving birth mothers, that is, mothers whose womb is rented out. A child born with surrogacy cannot be combined with a woman who has a mother egg or embryo in the child, because according to Islamic law, surrogacy is not permissible or haram. 2. The right of inheritance of the surrogate mother's child in the sense of Islamic law is the right of inheritance of a child born to a surrogate mother, because in the Qur'an it is explained that the woman who gives birth and the pregnant woman has the right to take care of her, because in the blood of the child flows the blood of the woman who contains her.

Do people reach 100 by surviving, delaying, or avoiding diseases? A life course comparison of centenarians and non-centenarians from the same birth cohorts.

Centenarians are perceived as pioneers of longevity, possessing the secrets to surpassing age 100. It remains unclear whether they achieve this by surviving, delaying, or avoiding diseases to a greater extent than their shorter-lived peers. This register-based study encompassed all individuals aged 60 and older, born between 1912 and 1922 in Stockholm County, Sweden (N = 170,787). Using historical data, individuals were prospectively followed from 1972 to 2022 and stratified by their age at death. Age-specific incidence rates and remaining lifetime risk from age 60 were calculated for stroke, myocardial infarction, hip fracture, and various cancers (including colorectal, breast, and prostate), and compared between those who survived to age 100 and their shorter-lived counterparts. Centenarians had lower age-specific incidence rates for almost all diseases and ages. Despite longer life spans, their lifetime risks for all diseases except hip fracture were lower than those of non-centenarians. This suggests that centenarians delay, and even avoid, many of the major age-related diseases rather than surviving them to a higher extent. The findings that centenarians not only exhibit lower disease rates at younger ages compared to their shorter-lived peers but throughout their lives challenge the notion that longer life span inevitably leads to higher disease rates or a simple shift of diseases to older ages.

Health-related quality of life and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Lagos, Nigeria.

Although people living with HIV (PLWH) now have a longer life expectancy due to antiretroviral therapy, several factors impact their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Understanding the dimensions and determinants of HRQoL among PLWH is crucial to developing solutions to improve their overall wellbeing. This research aimed to explore the HRQoL and its associated factors among PLWH in Lagos, Nigeria. Seven HIV testing and treatment centres in Lagos. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 385 participants. Socio-demographic and HRQoL data were obtained using questionnaires and the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV). Logistic regression models were used to identify variables that were associated with quality of life. The physical health summary and mental health summary scores measured by the MOS-HIV were 54.2 ± 5.3 and 56.3 ± 6.7, respectively. Being married, having higher levels of education, shorter duration of HIV and higher income levels were significantly associated with better HRQoL. The duration of HIV was found to have an inversely proportional influence on the quality of life of PLWH, both in physical health (χ2= 9.477,p= 0.009) and mental health (χ2= 11.88,p= 0.004) dimensions. The HRQoL of PLWH in Lagos, Nigeria was relatively low. Education, duration of HIV, marital status and income level are predictors of HRQoL.Contribution:This study is valuable for healthcare professionals and policymakers, providing them with essential information to tailor interventions and allocate resources effectively to improve the overall wellbeing of PLWH in Nigeria.

Interplay between physical activity volume and intensity with modeled life expectancy in women and men: A prospective cohort analysis

BackgroundThere is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy. MethodsIndividuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included. The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile. Mortality data were obtained from national registries. Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models. Results40,953 (57.1%) women (median age = 61.9 years) and 30,820 (42.9%) men (63.1 years) were included. Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years, there were 1719 (2.4%) deaths (733 in women; 986 in men). At 60 years, life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles, reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity, corresponding to 3.4 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4–4.4) additional years in women and 4.6 (95%CI: 3.6–5.6) additional years in men compared to those at the 10th centiles. An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9 (95%CI: 0.5–1.3) and 1.4 (95%CI: 0.9–1.9) years longer life expectancy, respectively, in inactive women; and 1.4 (95%CI: 1.0–1.8) and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.9–3.1) years in inactive men. ConclusionHigher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy, with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life. Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.

Trichinella spp. in wolves (Canis lupus) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) of southern Italy

Trichinella spp. are cosmopolitan parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, with wildlife being the main reservoir of these zoonotic nematodes, especially red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and wolves (Canis lupus) due to their apex position in the food chain in most European countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Trichinella spp. in these wild canids and their epidemiological role in the Campania region (southern Italy). From 2017 to 2023, the carcasses of red foxes (n = 352) and wolves (n = 41) were collected as part of a health surveillance plan. Muscle samples were analysed individually by artificial digestion and four (1.1%) red foxes and nine (21.9%) wolves tested positive for Trichinella britovi. All Trichinella isolates were identified as T. britovi by multiplex PCR. Statistically significant differences in prevalence were found by province (p-value = 0.05) for red foxes and sampling years (p-value = 0.01) for wolves. The prevalence was lower in red foxes than in wolves, probably due to the longer life expectancy of wolves compared to red foxes and the role of wolves as apex predators compared to red foxes as meso-carnivores. The results obtained confirm the important role that these wild canids play in the circulation of the parasite.

An Improved Thermal Management of Lithium Based Batteries Employing Genetic Algorithm Optimization

Lithium-based battery systems (LBS) are used in various applications, from the smallest electronic devices to power generation plants. LBS energy storage technology, which can offer high power and high energy density simultaneously, can respond to continuous energy needs and meet sudden power demands. The lifetime of LBSs, which are seen as a high-cost storage technology, depends on many parameters such as usage habits, temperature and charge rate. Since LBSs store energy electrochemically, they are seriously affected by temperature. High-temperature environments increase the thermal stress on the LBS and cause its chemical structure to deteriorate much faster. In addition, the fast charging feature of LBSs, which is presented as an advantage, increases the internal temperature of the cell and negatively affects the battery life. The proposed energy management approach ensures that the ambient temperature affects the charging speed of the battery and that the charging speed is adaptively updated continuously. So, the two parameters that harm battery health absorb each other, and the battery has a longer life. A new differential approach has been created for the proposed energy management system. The total amount of energy that can be withdrawn from the LBS is increased by 14.18% compared to the LBS controlled with the standard energy management system using the genetic algorithm optimized parameters. In this way, the LBS replacement period is extended, providing both cost benefits and environmentally friendly management by LBSs turning into chemical waste later.

Monitoring socioeconomic readiness for the demographic transition: Introducing the Senior Economy Tracker

Aging constitutes the dominant demographic challenge globally. The demographic transition entails a paradigm shift in the economic model to accommodate economic structures to life-expectancy gains. The socioeconomic implications from this transition remain largely undefined conceptually from an integrated perspective and unrecognized in official statistics. This study introduces a multidimensional and multi-actor reference framework, and a composite indicator, the Senior Economy Tracker (SET), to measure national readiness and progress in adapting to the demographic transition, over time and across countries. We apply our indicator to 27 European countries in 2010-2021. Our study reveals crucial differences in pathways and stages of maturity in addressing the socioeconomic impacts of aging. The proposed indicator aims to guide action to adapt economic structures to longer life spans, assist organizational and individual decision making, facilitate the development of effective policy interventions and raise awareness of the demographic transition.

Dry Electrode Processing for Free‐Standing Supercapacitor Electrodes with Longer Life, Higher Volumetric Outputs, and Reduced Environmental Impact

Dry Electrode Processing for Free‐Standing Supercapacitor Electrodes with Longer Life, Higher Volumetric Outputs, and Reduced Environmental Impact

(Invited) Recycling Zn for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous energy storage devices require highly reversible Zn electrodes, but this has been impeded by challenges including dendrite growth, low efficiency, hydrogen evolution, and metal corrosion. Here, we have successfully fabricated a reversible Zn powder electrode via engineering the growth of zinc crystals in different solvents from spent Zn foils. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the adsorption energy gap of different solvents on the (002) or (100) facet of Zn metal varies and that a larger energy gap favors a higher orientation of Zn (002) plane. Highly oriented Zn (002) powder exhibits horizontal deposition, corrosion resistance, faster kinetics, and longer life under deep discharge (60%) in symmetric cells compared with less-oriented Zn. Under practical conditions including low N/P ratios (1–3), high-loading cathodes (10–18 mg cm−2), and lean electrolyte (5–9 μL mg−1), highly (002)-oriented Zn powder-based batteries and supercapacitors demonstrate large capacity (∼3 mAh cm−2) and energy/power density (108 Wh kg−1/2,317 W kg−1), holding promise for applications. And for the first time, we have also upcycled spent alkaline batteries into rechargeable Zn metal batteries through a simple thermal treatment of electrode waste. The regenerated Zn powder anode shows super-zincophilicity and low overpotentials even under fast rates (8 mA cm−2) and high depth-of-discharge (50 %), which can be ascribed to coating of hydroxyl-rich organic layer with abundant nucleation sites as well as high orientation of favorable (002) plane and induced horizontal plating behavior. The regenerated cathode composed of MnO2 and MnOOH manifests enhanced capacity in comparison to pristine ones. Under a low negative-to-positive capacity ratio of 3.8 and high loading of ~10 mg cm−2, the regenerated electrodes are paired to fabricate zinc metal batteries which demonstrate high energy and power densities (94 Wh kg−1, 1349 W kg−1), holding potential for practical applications. Given the sustainable, low-cost, environmental-friendly, and value-added features, the strategy proposed here will open a new pathway toward battery recycling/upcycling.

(Digital Presentation) Experimental Techniques for Parameterization of a Commercial 21700 Lithium-Ion Cell for Multiscale Battery Models

Lithium-ion batteries have gained huge attention in the past few decades. Since its commercialization, a steady improvement in cost, and performance over the last 25 years has surfaced many new applications such as EV, HEV, etc., and growing popularity for military and aerospace applications [1, 2]. However, developing a safer, longer life, high energy, power-dense, and cheaper Lithium-ion battery requires a concerted research effort from various disciplines. For a long time, research was focused on developing the chemistry, but in the recent past, the improvement in the battery performance has been realized by reengineering the manufacturing processes and model innovation that help to understand the battery performance during the charging-discharging process. Battery models employed to optimize and predict battery performance are useful tools to design and manage batteries to ensure safe and efficient utilization. To understand the underlying physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties and precisely capture the cell dynamics in EVs application, the model should be based on fundamental governing equations of diffusion and migration processes as well as the kinetics of species intercalation.The physicochemical model requires precisely evaluated model parameters for the materials under consideration. Accurately measured kinetics and transport parameters will hold the key to deriving reliable conclusions about the internal state of a Lithium-ion battery. Parameter’s quantification is a challenging and time-consuming process that requires a range of characterization and analytical methods as shown in Figure. The battery modelling community usually borrowed the parameters list from the literature, with their origins not essentially being traced [3]. In literature, parameterizations have been reported for both high-energy and high-power cells for a physicochemical model [4-7]. This work employed several characterization techniques to parametrize a commercial Lithium-ion cell model. Also, various analytical methods were employed to determine the geometrical, chemical, and electrode microstructure as suggested in Figure. To determine the thermodynamic, kinetics, and transport properties of the extracted electrode materials different electrochemical tests, e.g., galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), constant current constant voltage (CC-CV) charge and constant current (CC) discharge were employed. The parameter’s accuracy would be investigated by validating the mathematical modelling simulation results with the experimental charge-discharge curves at different currents of the commercial 21700 cell at room temperature.

Physics-Informed Machine Learning for Battery Capacity Forecasting

Batteries, recognized as effective energy storage solutions, are considered the main facilitators of the world-wide transition towards clean and renewable energy sources. Among different types of batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) variants offer higher energy densities and relatively longer life spans when compared to other types. Nonetheless, a primary concern with these batteries is their lifetime. Batteries undergo various degradation mechanisms under storage and use, significantly impacting their lifespan. To this end, it is crucial to predict the degradation and lifetime of Li-ion batteries under given conditions.Researchers use three main methodologies to perform battery health diagnostics and to predict the lifetime of batteries. One approach revolves around using mechanistic, first-principle electrochemical models, also known as physics-based models. If equipped with proper thermodynamic theories, such models can show promising capabilities; however, holistic degradation prediction with these models is still challenging due to the computational complexities and the multitude of parameters that need to be fine-tuned in this approach. The other common strategy is to use empirical models to predict battery degradation. These models generally entail fewer parameters to be identified and are computationally less intensive to solve. Nonetheless, empirical models can suffer from the accuracy point-of-view as they are constrained to predict degradation trends introduced by certain degradation modes. Another common technique in battery life prediction is to utilize purely data-driven methods, such as machine learning (ML) algorithms, which also have shown promising results in the literature on rapid health predictions. However, these methods require large volumes of experimental data for training and testing ML models to ensure accuracy. In addition, data-driven methods are likely to extrapolate poorly to conditions beyond their training data and are indifferent towards the underlying degradation mechanisms. Recently, physics-informed machine learning (PI-ML) methods have garnered significant attention. They integrate physics-based or empirical models (developed based on physics) with a data-driven approach and allow one to train ML models on a smaller set of experimental data.To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the performance comparison between first-principle and empirical models when integrated within PI-ML remains unclear. Therefore, in this work, we aim to compare these two models when applied to prognostics (capacity forecasting and remaining useful life prediction) of a set of Li-ion batteries. To perform this study, we generate aging data for 40 Li-ion coin cells cycled under randomized conditions. Each cell undergoes a three-step charging stage followed by a two-step discharge stage. After obtaining the aging data, we will develop two PI-ML models, one equipped with a physics-based model and another with a set of empirical models. Both PI-ML models in this work will follow the sequential integration approach, where the training data for the final PI-ML model come from both experimental and computational data, the latter of which are obtained from the physics-based or empirical models. The parameters for the physics-based and empirical models are identified from another set of experimental data. Finally, the PI-ML models will be tested with experimental data obtained at different cycling conditions. The data flow for the sequential architecture of PI-ML is shown in the attached figure. This comparative study will help identify the performance of physics-based and empirical models when integrated into PI-ML. The main performance metric considered in this work is each model’s ability to extrapolate beyond the experimental training data set, hence aiding the final PI-ML model in generalizing to conditions not covered by its experimental training data set. Figure 1