Long-term Cultivation Research Articles

EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY AND PROSPECTS OF THE USE OF IRON NANOAQUACHELATE IN VITRO PLANT CULTURE

The paper presents studies of the effect of nanoaquachelate of iron on the growth processes of tobacco plants-regenerants in in vitro plant culture. Morphological features of Nicotiana tabacum L. shoots were compared with the use of FeEDTA, in conditions of its deficiency, and with the use of nanoaquachelate solutions. The peculiarities of the development of regenerating plants of tobacco in conditions of iron deficiency are shown. It was established that under the conditions of long-term cultivation (28 days) with the use of iron nanoaquachelate at a concentration of 140 μg/ml, regenerating plants did not show any signs of inhibition of vital activity, chlorotic depigmentation or aging compared to the control. Anatomical and histochemical features of regenerating plants of tobacco, which were cultivated on nutrient media with different forms and iron content, are shown.

农业文化遗产生态系统服务的复合增益——以浙江瑞安滨海塘河台田系统为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 农业文化遗产生态系统服务的复合增益——以浙江瑞安滨海塘河台田系统为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202108252374 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（42171279）；国家自然科学基金中德合作交流项目（M-0342） Extra services of agricultural heritage systems ecosystem services: A case study on Costal Bench Terrace System in Ruian, Zhejing Province Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:农业文化遗产是农村与其所处环境长期协同进化和动态适应下所形成的独特的土地利用系统和农业景观，具备丰富的景观要素。景观要素的耦合会对景观整体的生态系统服务供应产生影响。研究构建了多景观要素的"生态系统服务复合增益"理论框架，并以浙江瑞安滨海塘河台田系统为例，将其景观要素划分为农田生态系统和水域生态系统，并分别评估其景观要素生态系统服务价值、景观整体生态系统服务价值和生态系统服务复合增益价值。研究结果显示：（1）2019年浙江瑞安滨海塘河台田系统生态系统服务总价值为187.72亿元，文化服务价值最高，占总价值的91.8%；（2）农田的生态系统服务价值为6.03亿元，占总价值的3.2%，水域的生态系统服务价值为8.15亿元，占总价值的4.3%；（3）生态系统服务复合增益价值为173.54亿元，占总价值的92.5%。研究表明，农田和水域两种景观要素的耦合能提高浙江瑞安滨海塘河台田系统中食物供应、气体调节、盐碱地改良、休息游憩四种生态系统服务价值，致使其产生生态系统服务复合增益。 Abstract:Agricultural heritage systems is a unique land use system and agricultural landscape formed under the long-term co-evolution and dynamic adaptation of the countryside and its environment, which is rich in landscape elements. The coupling of landscape elements will have impact on the supply of ecosystem services in the whole landscape. Agricultural heritage systems under human long-term cultivation has gradually formed a special landscape pattern. However, the current research on the valuation of agricultural heritage systems ecosystem services is limited to regard it as a single ecosystem, ignoring the impact of the interaction between patches on the supply of ecosystem services, such as the movement of heat, water and nutrients among patches. This research constructed a theoretical framework of "Extra services" and defined "Extra services". We took Costal Bench Terrace System in Ruian, Zhejing Province as the research object and divided its landscape elements into farmland ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem. Referring to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Classification System, this research used the method of ecological economics to evaluate the ecosystem services value of landscape elements, the ecosystem services value of whole landscape, and the Extra services value, respectively. The results show that:(1) the total value of ecosystem services in the Costal Bench Terrace Ecosystem was 18.772 billion yuan in 2019, and the value of cultural services was the highest, accounting for 91.8% of the total value; (2) The ecosystem service value of farmland ecosystem was 0.603 billion yuan, accounting for 3.2% of the total, while the ecosystem service value of aquatic ecosystem was 0.815 billion yuan, accounting for 4.3% of the total; (3) The Extra services value was 17.354 billion yuan, accounting for 92.5% of the total. The coupling of farmland ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem leads to the enhancement of the supply of four type of ecosystem services in raised-field agricultural system, which are food production, gas regulation, saline-alkali soil reclamation, and leisure services. This ultimately leads to the generation of Extra services. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Alleviating soil degradation caused by green bean continuous cropping: application of combined amendments

Context Management practices of conventional cropping that includes intense monoculture has led to soil health problems, such as deterioration of soil fertility and soil microbial diversity, leading to the proliferation of soil-borne diseases. Soil amendments using organic materials, calcium and disinfecting agents may be important management tools to promote healthier soils. Aims To determine the effects of combined soil improving amendments to mitigate problems associated with continuous cropping of green bean. Methods Soil samples were collected from the modified areas (SF) of combined application of organic amendments (biofertiliser, humic acid material), calcium amendments (lime, calcium magnesium compound fertiliser) and disinfection materials (carbendazim) and unmodified areas (CK) to compare the effects of chemical characteristics, allelochemicals and microbial community in soil under different soil modifications. Key results Results showed that combined modification could significantly increase soil pH, organic matter (SOM), available nutrients (N, P, and K), and decrease the contents of phenolic acids allelochemicals in soil. However, l-epicatechin increased. The combined modification could increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Actinobacteria, Nocardioides and Streptomyces, and decrease the relative abundance of microorganisms such as Betaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria that can cause soil-borne diseases. Conclusions Biological mechanism mapping showed that the application of combined amendments could effectively alleviate soil fertility problems associated with long-term cultivation of green bean. Implications The combined application of organic amendments, calcium amendments and disinfection materials can modify soil to promote the healthier agricultural soils in long-term vegetable growing areas.

Comparison of agrophysical parameters and humus content in the soil of virgin and arable land

Topicality. Currently, there is an urgent need to address the following challenges: loss of soil humus content, deterioration of soil agrophysical properties, reduction of the impact of soil agrophysical degradation, restoration and preservation of fertility. Purpose. Comparison of agrophysical parameters and humus content in the soil of virgin and arable lands and development of scientific recommendations on the formation of favourable agrophysical properties and regimes of chernozems to suspend the development of degradation processes in the soil and preserve fertility. Material and Methods. The study of ordinary chernozem was carried out in the virgin lands and experimental plots of the Erastivka Research Station of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine during 2010–2016. We studied: total humus content; structural and aggregate composition of the soil; soil structure coefficient; soil density; water resistance of agronomically valuable structural aggregates. In May, soil samples were selected at equilibrium density after mechanical tillage. Sampling was carried out from the soil profile at intervals of 5 cm, to a depth of 0–200 cm in quadruplicate according to DSTU 4287. Results. It was found that deterioration of agrophysical properties (structural and aggregate state, density, water resistance) and reduction of humus content and thickness in the humus horizon in comparison with virgin soil occurred as a result of long-term cultivation of ordinary chernozem. Conclusions. When comparing the properties of ordinary chernozem of arable land with virgin soil, we find that they are significantly degraded. Significant loss of humus and structure degradation leads to an increasing soil density and a partial loss of the ability to resist degradation. To preserve and sustainably use arable chernozems, an improved farming system should be implemented, with scientifically based crop rotations, the latest soil protection technologies, and the proper amount of organic and mineral fertilisers to increase the humus content as its main components. Key words: ordinary chernozem, soil degradation, humus content, structural and aggregate state, density, water resistance

Targeted integration in CHO cells using CRIS-PITCh/Bxb1 recombinase–mediated cassette exchange hybrid system

Recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line development for complex biotherapeutic production is conventionally based on the random integration (RI) approach. Due to the lack of control over the integration site and copy number, RI-generated cell pools are always coupled with rigorous screening to find clones that satisfy requirements for production titers, quality, and stability. Targeted integration into a well-defined genomic site has been suggested as a possible strategy to mitigate the drawbacks associated with RI. In this work, we employed the CRISPR-mediated precise integration into target chromosome (CRIS-PITCh) system in combination with the Bxb1 recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) system to generate an isogenic transgene-expressing cell line. We successfully utilized the CRIS-PITCh system to target a 2.6kb Bxb1 landing pad with homology arms as short as 30bp into the upstream region of the S100A gene cluster, achieving a targeting efficiency of 10.4%. The platform cell line (PCL) with a single copy of the landing pad was then employed for the Bxb1-mediated landing pad exchange with an EGFP encoding cassette to prove its functionality. Finally, to accomplish the main goal of our cell line development method, the PCL was applied for the expression of a secretory glycoprotein, human recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hrsACE2). Taken together, on-target, single-copy, and stable expression of the transgene over long-term cultivation demonstrated our CRIS-PITCh/RMCE hybrid approach might possibly improve the cell line development process in terms of timeline, specificity, and stability. KEY POINTS: • CRIS-PITCh system is an efficient method for single copy targeted integration of the landing pad and generation of platform cell line • Upstream region of the S100A gene cluster of CHO-K1 is retargetable by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) approach and provides a stable expression of the transgene • CRIS-PITCh/Bxb1 RMCE hybrid system has the potential to overcome some limitations of the random integration approach and accelerate the cell line development timeline.

Clonostachys rosea Strain ST1140: An Endophytic Plant-Growth-Promoting Fungus, and Its Potential Use in Seedbeds with Wheat-Grain Substrate

In this study, Clonostachys rosea strain ST1140, a naturally occurring endophyte in healthy roots of a pistachio tree, was identified morphologically and molecularly through DNA sequencing, and its endophytic ability and growth effect in/on three solanaceous plant species were tested. Three different organic substrates (bread wheat-grain, sawdust, and leonardite) were also investigated for their utility in cultivating and multiplying the strain. In-tray and pot experiments, the rates of seed germination and vegetative development of pepper, tomato, and eggplant inoculated with C. rosea at planting were compared to those of non-inoculated controls. In pot experiments, inoculating seedbeds with increasing doses of C. rosea strain ST1140 with wheat-grain substrate resulted in higher plant height values for all plant species, and the strain endophytically colonized the roots of all plant species. In-tray experiments revealed that ST1140 inoculation resulted in 2-4days earlier and 10% higher germination rates for all plant species, as well as more vigorous and accelerated seedling growth (10-13days earlier for seedlings at the 4-5 true leaf stage) on all inoculated plant species. Among three different organic substrates, wheat-grain was found to be the most effective for long-term cultivation and multiplication of the fungus, which could be of interest for its development as a commercial product. These results promised the strain ST1140's use as a biofertilizer in seedbeds with a wheat-grain substrate.

Функціональна активність гемопоетичних клітин-попередників кордової крові у довготривалій культурі на гідрогелевій підложці in vitro

Development of new and improvement of existing models of long-term cultivation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and cord blood progenitor cells is one of the most important directions in modern cell biology, related to obtaining a sufficient amount of hematopoietic tissue for experimental and clinical use. The aim of the work was to investigate the functional activity of hematopoietic progenitor cells from cord blood during long-term cultivation on a soft polyacrylamide gel substrate in the presence of a cytokine complex and to determine the advantages of this method of maintaining hematopoiesis for further use in transplantation. To realize this purpose, the following methods were used: the method of long-term cultivation in vitro on a hydrogel substrate, the method of colony formation in semi-liquid agar, cytological research methods, light and inverted microscopy, statistical research methods. Due to the use of the hydrogel substrate together with the cytokine complex, a high proliferative activity of hematopoietic cells is observed, which is reflected in their expansion during long-term cultivation (5 weeks), as well as of high colony-forming activity (521.5 ± 7.5.105 per explanted cells). Thus, the stiffness of the substrate must be taken into account for the expansion of stem cells and their immediate descendants. The presence of a soft substrate made of polyacrylamide gel along with a complex of cytokines ensures the expansion of hematopoietic cells due to the long- term support of hematopoiesis.

Long-Term Cultivation of Adaptable Cultivars in Different Agro-Climatic Zones Influences the Epigenetic Diversity of South African Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Long-Term Cultivation of Adaptable Cultivars in Different Agro-Climatic Zones Influences the Epigenetic Diversity of South African Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Differentiated Weed-Suppressive Ability of Modern and Old Durum Wheat Cultivars after Long-Term Cultivation under Semi-Arid Climate.

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum) is one of the most important grain crops cultivated across the Mediterranean Basin, where a strong return to local landraces cultivation is occurring to meet the market demand for high-quality food and low-input cropping systems. A characterisation of the long-term effect (10 years) of durum wheat landraces and modern cultivars on the potential and real weed flora is still lacking. Hence, a multilocation trial over 10 farms in Central-Eastern Sicily was carried out to investigate the repeated cultivation of several old landraces (OLD) and modern cultivars (MOD) on the abundance and diversity of weed flora. Overall, OLD was associated with a 47% reduction of the soil seedbank size and to -64% of the aboveground weed biomass compared to MOD. In addition, diversity indices pointed out a high similarity between MOD and OLD farm groups for the soil seedbank, while a lower diversity was found in OLD for aboveground weed communities. From the principal component analysis emerged that the species compositions of MOD and OLD were quite separated for both soil seedbank and real flora, with the latter showing few specific associations with major weeds. These findings demonstrated the indirect effect of durum wheat landraces in sustainably reducing weed pressure without the adoption of chemical weed control.

The Physiological Adaptation Features of the Poly-Extremophilic Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica W29 During Long-Term Cultivation

The Physiological Adaptation Features of the Poly-Extremophilic Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica W29 During Long-Term Cultivation

The Response of Tribal Cultural Care to the Physical and Emotional Needs of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

As Taiwan's society ages, Tribal Cultural Health Stations serve as in situ long-term care centers that are committed to building a long-term care service model for indigenous peoples based on cultural care. The cultural sensitivity, cultural ability, and tribal ability of long-term care planners and professional helpers remains insufficient, making it difficult to achieve the policy goals of "designing for the tribes and for the locals" and "creating a cultural care mechanism". However, based on a foundation of local blood and geo-relationship and through the care expertise and interpersonal network established through long-term tribal cultivation and service, a cultural care mechanism that meets local awareness, local needs, and human trust has been formed by expanding linkages among the resources of all local stakeholders. During the COVID-19 epidemic, this has helped facilitate the recovery of the emotional and physical health of older tribal adults. For example, caregivers have been able to help ease the anxieties among older adults in indigenous communities regarding vaccination, fear of infection, isolation, and interpersonal suspicions. In addition, the positive role of the tribal cultural care mechanism as a social safety valve during the pandemic has been demonstrated.

Educational Values of Primary and Secondary School Principals: A Qualitative Study of the Text "My Educational Thought"

Educational values, as the organic integration and condensation of educational philosophy, directly influence the motivation, behaviour, and effect in educational management. In the less developed regions of the country, although the primary conditions of schooling are rapidly improving with increasing investment of state funds, the transformation of educational values is lagging, resulting in a big gap with the developed regions. The problem is thought to be the deviation of the educational values of many schools and parents from the core educational values. Utilitarian, economistic and individualistic educational values still prevail, directly affecting educational practice.Thus, the key to primary education reform is the change of educational values. A group of primary and secondary school principals with excellent educational values were chosen to be cultivated to lead the formation of a pluralistic and balanced value system in education. Taking the "Ten Thousand Principals Training Program" in Yunnan Province, China, as an example, this paper systematically analyses the educational values of 1,015 principals. The research design combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, starting with a qualitative analysis based on the Chinese Value Survey (CVS) to develop a framework, followed by word frequency statistics in Python, and finally, a generalisation and summary. The results show that the principals' cognition of excellent educational values converges strongly despite several limitations. Combined with expert consultation and in-depth interviews, the core elements of excellent educational values are further summarised and condensed from education's basic, time, and space dimensions. It is necessary to implement the main responsibility, adhere to certain principles, and conduct long-term follow-up cultivation along the internal logic of the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural paths. Results have valuable implications for developing educational values research frameworks and principal value education practices.

Insights from size fractions to interpret the erosion-driven variations in soil organic carbon on black soil sloping farmland, Northeast China

Declines of soil organic carbon (SOC) and degradation of soil function are caused by long-term soil erosion and cultivation. Although the variations of bulk SOC have been extensively studied, the driving mechanisms of variations in SOC fractions, i.e., carbon in coarse particulate, fine particulate, and mineral-associated organic matter (CPOM-C, FPOM-C, and MAOM-C), and their relationship with soil erosion remain unclear on sloping farmland. In this study, two areas of farmland with different slope types (convex vs. straight) and reclamation periods (50 years vs. ≥100 years) in the black soil region of Northeastern China were chosen to explore the roles of soil erosion on the variations of SOC and their size fractions based on the 137Cs tracer technique. The results showed that the average net erosion rate of the straight slope was 2810.09 t km-2a-1 and the convex slope was 3801.71 t km-2a-1 with higher spatial variability. When compared with uncultivated land, SOC contents of convex and straight slopes have decreased by 13.58% and 35.18%, with a reduced rate of 0.089 g kg-1 a-1 and 0.116 g kg-1 a-1, respectively. Although the CPOM-C fraction showed the most significant relative decreases (over 73.24%), the absolute declines of MAOM-C were more significant, especially in the straight slope with a more extended cultivation period. The contributions of erosion to the SOC decreases on convex and straight slopes were 69.54% and 13.09%, respectively. Erosion exerted a significant influence on finer particles such as FPOM-C and MAOM-C. With increasing cumulative erosion, the absolute magnitude of each SOC fraction in soils decreased. But the proportion of MAOM-C increased, while FPOM-C and CPOM-C decreased. Overall, our findings demonstrated that soil erosion not only induced the loss of SOC fractions but also transformed the proportional distribution of their fractions, and then affected the functions of SOC. Moreover, the effects of tillage (i.e., an increase in microbial activity) on straight slopes are not negligible in farmland that has experienced long-term cultivation but relatively little erosion. Apart from erosion reduction in areas of severe erosion, appropriate fertilization for farmland with a long history of cultivation should also be adapted to achieve sustainable development of black soil resources.

Nitrogen, manganese, iron, and carbon resource acquisition are potential functions of the wild rice Oryza rufipogon core rhizomicrobiome

BackgroundThe assembly of the rhizomicrobiome, i.e., the microbiome in the soil adhering to the root, is influenced by soil conditions. Here, we investigated the core rhizomicrobiome of a wild plant species transplanted to an identical soil type with small differences in chemical factors and the impact of these soil chemistry differences on the core microbiome after long-term cultivation. We sampled three natural reserve populations of wild rice (i.e., in situ) and three populations of transplanted in situ wild rice grown ex situ for more than 40 years to determine the core wild rice rhizomicrobiome.ResultsGeneralized joint attribute modeling (GJAM) identified a total of 44 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) composing the core wild rice rhizomicrobiome, including 35 bacterial ASVs belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Nitrospirae and 9 fungal ASVs belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Rozellomycota. Nine core bacterial ASVs belonging to the genera Haliangium, Anaeromyxobacter, Bradyrhizobium, and Bacillus were more abundant in the rhizosphere of ex situ wild rice than in the rhizosphere of in situ wild rice. The main ecological functions of the core microbiome were nitrogen fixation, manganese oxidation, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, chemoheterotrophy, and iron respiration, suggesting roles of the core rhizomicrobiome in improving nutrient resource acquisition for rice growth. The function of the core rhizosphere bacterial community was significantly (p < 0.05) shaped by electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus present in the soil adhering to the roots.ConclusionWe discovered that nitrogen, manganese, iron, and carbon resource acquisition are potential functions of the core rhizomicrobiome of the wild rice Oryza rufipogon. Our findings suggest that further potential utilization of the core rhizomicrobiome should consider the effects of soil properties on the abundances of different genera.92mDw1vveJ8f3-hG51Jkn-Video

Anatomical inferences on aerial bud protection of three Eugenia shrub species from the Cerrado.

Location and degree of protection of aerial buds are important functional traits in disturbance- or stress-prone environments since aerial buds ensure the development of new organs under favourable growing conditions. This study was carried out in a Brazilian Cerrado area under regeneration after long-term Pinus cultivation, where the trees were clear-cut in 2012 and the remaining material was burned in 2014. After the fire treatment, several species resprouted from belowground organs and their aboveground organs were directly exposed to full sunlight. We collected 15 terminal branches with fully expanded leaves from three individuals of each of three Eugenia species to investigate if those with well-developed belowground organs invest in bark for aboveground bud protection. The samples were analysed using light and electron microscopy. In addition to terminal and axillary buds, all species presented accessory buds, and the number varied according to the node analysed. None of the aerial buds were protected by bark, but all were well protected by cataphylls and densely pubescent leaf primordia. There were also inter- and intra-petiolar colleters that released a mucilaginous protein exudate. The distance between the shoot apical meristem and the outer surface was longer in the terminal bud than in axillary buds. The bud leaf primordia covering the shoot apical meristem had a thick cuticle, unicellular non-glandular trichomes that accumulate phenolic and lipophilic compounds, and secretory cavities. Our study shows that all three Eugenia species studied here had highly protected aerial buds allocated from belowground organs. These morphological traits may improve the chances of the species' persistence in areas subjected to frost events, low relative humidity, high irradiance and harmful UV levels.

Practical experience of a lung cancer primary cell culture collection creation at the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology

Purpose of the study. Testing of new chemotherapeutic agents in translational and biology medicine needs studies on immortalized cell lines. However, such models do not always have the biological properties of a tumor in situ, in contrast to primary cell cultures. Primary cultures of lung cancer cells have biological, morphological and molecular characteristics close or identical to tumor cells in vivo. Obtaining collections of primary lung cancer cell lines is an important task in creating various models for preclinical studies.Materials and methods. The materials are represented by postoperative tumor samples obtained from 25 patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer without prior treatment. The following methods were used to obtain primary cultures: enzymatic dissociation in Hanks' solution with the addition of 300 units/ml collagenase I (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), enzymatic dissociation using the Brain Tumor Dissoсiation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Germany) and 150 units/ml. ml of collagenase I, as well as the method of explants. The following methods were used to remove fibroblasts: the use of the FibrOut™ system (CHI Scientific, USA), magnetic separation of fibroblasts using Anti-Fibroblast MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, Germany), and cold trypsinization.Results. We have obtained 15 primary lung cancer cell cultures that have passed the zero order passage. In this work, the method of enzymatic dissociation turned out to be the most effective. Incubation of lung tumor samples with collagenase for 1 hour preserves the viability and adhesiveness of the cells. The explant method did not show its effectiveness for long-term cultivation, there was no migration of tumor cells to plastic. Magnetic separation, as a method of removing stromal components of fibroblasts, showed the greatest efficiency, while maintaining the viability of tumor cells.Conclusion. The obtained primary cell cultures of lung cancer can be used for many tasks of experimental oncology: studies of the biological characteristics of lung cancer, development of preclinical models for the studies on new chemotherapeutic drugs.

Callus Culture of Scorzonera radiata as a New, Highly Productive and Stable Source of Caffeoylquinic Acids.

During our ongoing efforts to investigate biotechnological sources of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) metabolites, we discovered the plant Scorzonera radiata Fisch. (Asteraceae), which is able to produce callus cultures with high yield and extremely high stability. An actively growing callus line, designated as Sr-L1, retained the ability to produce 11 CQAs during long-term cultivation (more than 20 years). A total of 29 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the leaves and Sr-L1 callus culture of S. radiata, including CQAs, lignol derivatives, flavonoids, and dihydrostilbenes. The composition of CQAs in the Sr-L1 culture was identical to that in the S. radiata leaves. Sr-L1 calli did not produce flavonoids and dihydrostilbenes, but produced lignol derivatives, which were absent in leaves. The HPLC-UV-HRMS determination showed the presence of monoacyl derivatives of CQAs such as 5-CQA, 4-CQA, cis-5-CQA, and 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid in the Sr-L1 culture. Among diacyl derivatives, 3,4-diCQA, 3,5-diCQA, cis-3,5-diCQA, 4,5-diCQA, 3-O-p-coumaroyl-5-O-CQA, and 3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid were found. The content of 5-CQA reached 7.54 mg/g dry weight and the content of 3,5-diCQA was as high as 18.52 mg/g dry weight. 3,5-diCQA has been reported to be of high nutritional and pharmacological value, as it alleviates inflammatory pain, reverses memory impairment by preventing neuronal apoptosis, and counteracts excessive adipose tissue expansion, serving as an attractive treatment option for obesity. The high content of 3,5-diCQA and the exceptional stability of biosynthesis make callus cultures of S. radiata a promising source for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals.

Features of in vitro cultivation of rare species of the family Iridaceae Juss.

This article provides information about improving of the clonal micropropagation technology and in vitro reproduction peculiarities of some species of family Iridaceae Juss. In vitro collection of Volgograd regional botanical garden (VRBG) contains 6 species of genus Iris. As a result of the research, optimization of cultivation conditions at different stages of clonal micropropagation of species genus Iris L. cultures was carried out.&#x0D; The optimal mode of sterilization seeds of species of the genus Iris has been selected - a 5% solution of Lysofornin® 3000 at an exposure of 10 minutes. The features of the development of Iris notha and Iris pseudonotha seedlings on nutrient media with a high content of cytokinins and auxins have been studied. The greatest regenerative activity in Iris pseudonotha and Iris notha was observed on the nutrient media У MS 2 iP 1.0 mg/l + 0.5 mg/l IBA and MS + 13 mg/l BAP + 7.0 mg/l IAA, the reproduction coefficient was 7.5 and 4.7, respectively. The optimal nutrient medium for Iris pumila for long-term cultivation in vitro is the Knudson nutrient medium; regenerate plants have a slow uniform growth, while the number of abnormal and non-viable plants is minimal, which allows Iris pumila to be preserved in the collection in vitro for a long time.

Peculiarities of the distribution of assimilates in the organs of Schisandra chinensis plants under different soil and climatic conditions

Peculiarities of accumulation of nutrients in the leaves of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and rhizosphere soil under the conditions of its continuous monoculture have been studied. Comparative analysis of the distribution of nutrients in the leaves of plants under different soil and climatic conditions revealed significant differences. It was found that plants grown on podzolic chernozem of Kolomyia State Forest Fund (Otyniia, Ukraine) were characterized by more intensive absorption of such nutrients as Ca, Si, P, Cu, Zn and Mg. The content of P, K, S, Mn was much higher in the foliar tissues of S. chinensis plants cultivated on the territory of the M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (Kyiv, Ukraine) in the conditions of dark grey forest soil. The high ability of plants to accumulate and release Mg into the rhizosphere soil was revealed, which is fully consistent with the selective ability of plants to release mineral elements into the soil environment in accordance with their ecomorphotypes. At the same time, the amount of Ca in the rhizosphere soil decreased significantly at the end of the vegetative period, which could be explained, on the one hand, by the intensive influx of Ca into plant tissues and, on the other hand, by participation in chemical balancing processes to reduce manganese and nitrogen mobility in the soil. Barrier-free accumulation of Fe, Ca, Mg, Al elements in S. chinensis leaves was revealed, which should be taken into account when developing plant cultivation technology. The studies of allelopathy activity of vegetative and generative organs of plants and rhizosphere soil have shown that phenolic substances accumulate in small amounts in the soil under S. chinensis, which is a prerequisite for successful cultivation of this fruit vine in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine under conditions of continuous long-term cultivation. The largest amount of phenolic substances was in the upper soil horizons, which gradually decreased with depth, which is consistent with the course of redox processes for the studied soil profiles. The pool of free amino acids of S. chinensis plants growing in different soil and climatic conditions was analyzed, the concentration of amino acids in the leaves was the most indicative. Evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative distribution of free amino acids in plant tissues serves as a diagnostic sign of plant sensitivity to soil and climatic conditions.

Establishment and optimization of a new model organism to study early land plant evolution: Germination, cultivation and oospore variation of Chara braunii Gmelin, 1826.

For studying land plant evolution, the establishment and optimization of model organisms representing streptophytic algae, sister to land plants, is essential. Long-term cultivation experiments with Chara braunii S276 were performed over 8 years, since 4 years (Nov. 2018) under constant conditions. Additionally, short-term experiments for optimization of culture conditions were performed with three strains of C. braunii (S276, NIES-1604 and Lausiger Teiche, LaT-2708). Germination success after application of sterilization agents, addition of gibberellic acid and under different incubation conditions with respect to pre-treatment, irradiance regime and substrate was investigated in order to develop protocols for generative cultivation of at least unialgal cultures. The resulting cultivation protocols for C. braunii S276, allowing maintenance of vegetative as well as generative cultures are presented in detail, including protocols for germination induction and growth of sterilized and unsterilized oospores.