Long-term Basis Research Articles

Types and determinants of migrants' settlement intention in China's new phase of urbanization: A multi-dimensional perspective

Using data from China Migrant Dynamic Survey, this paper provides an updated and comprehensive study on migrants' settlement intention and its determinants, based on a new way of conceptualizing and measuring such intention and its permanency and stability. The results suggest that although the majority of migrants have the intention to settle down in the destination cities on a permanent or long-term temporary basis, migrants with permanent settlement intention are still a minority, and there is a significant variation of migrants' settlement intention in terms of its permanency and stability among migrants, cities of different sizes, and geographical regions. The modelling results reveal that being married, higher levels of educational attainment, occupational status and income, family migration, and housing availability and stability of residence in the host city, boost migrants' long-term and permanent settlement intention. Moreover, migrants' urban origin and hukou status, higher occupational status, younger age, and the larger size, more economic prosperity and well-developed public services of their destination cities, significantly promote the permanent settlement intention. These results will facilitate relevant policy making to further advance China's urbanization, and contribute to better theoretical understanding of urban and mobility transitions in developing countries.

Evaluation of Impact Beetroot Pulp Obtained as a By-Product of Sugar Production Has on Quality of Grey Forest Soil

This article studies the impact of beetroot pulp as a by-product of sugar production on the soil cover. The results of soil cover analysis and the nutritional properties of grey forest soil in Oryol Oblast show that beetroot pulp can be used as an organic fertilizer. The manganese content was within the MAC in all of the samples, however, the background value was exceeded, which means that manganese can accumulate in the soil. The plot in question is an increased-risk agricultural land susceptible to biological pollution and polluted with heavy metals. The overall soil cover pollution with manganese is at the average level. It is possible to use the pulp as an organic fertilizer on a long-term basis provided the content of heavy metals in the soil is strictly controlled.

A Scoping Review of Cardio-Metabolic Syndrome: A Critical Step in Mitigating the Rising Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Over the years, the relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and dysglycemia has been noticed to be positive and continuous. Specifically, for each 1% increase in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), there is a defined increased risk for CVDs. Also, the risk of developing CVDs for people with overt Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases by 2 to 3 times for men and 3 to 5 times for women compared to people without diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The article briefly discussed the meaning of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) as a medical phenomenon and the interconnecting role it plays in the pathogenesis of both CVDs and T2DM. It further highlighted the risk factors that are common in CMS and the evidence-based control measures for the syndrome. Methods: A review of related online full articles published from 2000 to 2021 was carried out from different scientific search engines, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Mendeley, Medline, and Academia. Results: CVDs and T2DM are closely related diseases, both appearing in the same spectrum of chronic diseases. They are closely linked by a similar pathophysiological phenomenon – the CMS. Any attempt to prevent or treat either CVDs or T2DM without due attention and consideration for the CMS, may not result in significant success, especially on a long-term basis. Conclusion: A better understanding and control of CMS and its risk factors are critical in the global efforts to prevent and control the rising global burden of both CVDs and T2DM, especially in developing countries.

High Precision Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BONT-A) in Aesthetics Based on Muscle Atrophy, Is Muscular Architecture Reprogramming a Possibility? A Systematic Review of Literature on Muscle Atrophy after BoNT-A Injections.

Improvements in Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) aesthetic treatments have been jeopardized by the simplistic statement: “BoNT-A treats wrinkles”. BoNT-A monotherapy relating to wrinkles is, at least, questionable. The BoNT-A mechanism of action is presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals blockage, causing paralysis and subsequent muscle atrophy. Understanding the real BoNT-A mechanism of action clarifies misconceptions that impact the way scientific productions on the subject are designed, the way aesthetics treatments are proposed, and how limited the results are when the focus is only on wrinkle softening. We designed a systematic review on BoNT-A and muscle atrophy that could enlighten new approaches for aesthetics purposes. A systematic review, targeting articles investigating BoNT-A injection and its correlation to muscle atrophy in animals or humans, filtered 30 publications released before 15 May 2020 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Histologic analysis and histochemistry showed muscle atrophy with fibrosis, necrosis, and an increase in the number of perimysial fat cells in animal and human models; this was also confirmed by imaging studies. A significant muscle balance reduction of 18% to 60% after single or seriated BoNT-A injections were observed in 9 out of 10 animal studies. Genetic alterations related to muscle atrophy were analyzed by five studies and showed how much impact a single BoNT-A injection can cause on a molecular basis. Seriated or single BoNT-A muscle injections can cause real muscle atrophy on a short or long-term basis, in animal models and in humans. Theoretically, muscular architecture reprogramming is a possible new approach in aesthetics.

Occurrence and human health risk assessment of mineral elements and pesticides residues in bee pollen

Bee pollen contains a diversity of bioactive components. Nevertheless, since pollen is retrieved from a variety of plants, including the cultivated ones which are subjected to agrochemical treatments, its contamination is unavoidable. In this context, 45 samples of pollen were analysed with optimized analytical methods for trace and macro elements (ICP-MS), pesticides and metabolites residues (LC & GC-MS/MS) content. According to the results, potassium and iron were the most abundant in terms of concentration and frequency of detection, while the contribution of the most hazardous elements, such as lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury, to the total concentration of trace elements was lower than 1%. For pesticides, coumaphos was the most frequently detected in the examined samples (22%), followed by propargite, azoxystrobin, dimethoate and cypermethrin. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment demonstrated in the majority of cases negligible risk for adults and children. On the contrary, carcinogenic risk assessment considering a worst case scenario disclosed nickel and in less extent chromium and arsenic, as risk drivers, exhibiting in several samples carcinogenic risk values for adults above the safety threshold. Yet, regarding that both adults and children unlikely will daily consume such pollen quantities, especially on a long-term basis, an overestimation of risk should be appraised.

The Role of Non-Bank Financials in the Formation of Long-Term Resources for Economic Growth in Russia

The development of the activities of non-bank financial institutions that accumulate the resources of the national savings system on a long-term basis is seen as a factor in increasing investment in the Russian economy and its growth rates. When carrying out the study, we used general scientific methods, methods of structural, weigh, and dynamic analysis, and comparisons of performance indicators of non-bank financial institutions. Problems in the activities of organizations in the non-banking sector of the Russian financial market are predetermined by the parameters and trends in the development of the socio-economic situation in Russia, including insufficient efficiency of regulatory practices. The positive dynamics of the development of non-bank financial intermediaries is qualified as unstable; it is not supported by the solution of the structural and institutional problems of the Russian economy. In view of this, an increase in their role in the redistribution process is associated both with decisions of a more general order and with the improvement of the regulatory and supervisory practices implemented by the Bank of Russia. The solution to the identified problems in the development of the non-banking segment of the financial market should be aimed at turning it into an effective mechanism for capital formation to ensure economic growth.

Innovation-oriented dynamic capabilities of logistics service providers, dynamic resilience and firm performance during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use a theoretical framework to investigate the relationships between different innovation-oriented dynamic capabilities, dynamic resilience and firm performance among logistics service providers (LSPs) and in-house logistics departments of industrial companies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual theoretical framework relies on the dynamic capabilities framework (DCF) and the relational view (RV), which are rooted in the resource-based view (RBV). It is hypothesized that the dynamic capability to innovate reinforces the dynamic capability to adapt and to recover in highly dynamic and vulnerable environments during the pandemic. This allows LSPs to successfully create new services and respond to the changing market circumstances in terms of logistics service quality (LSQ) and firm performance. Data were collected from 83 LSPs and 30 in-house logistics departments via an online survey. The study determined the general strength and direction of the relationships between latent variables. A correlation analysis was utilized to establish statistical significance of the results.FindingsIn this study, a range of innovation-oriented capabilities for achieving more dynamic resilience were bundled in a conceptual framework and were found to be statistically significant for LSQ and firm performance. They are the capability to distribute new knowledge, to train employees effectively, to develop cross-functional collaboration within the firm, to develop inter-firm relationships with business partners on a long-term basis as well as to learn from rivals, and to pursue a win-win relationship with them.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the study do not imply that the identified capabilities are the only ones relevant to increasing dynamic resilience during the pandemic. In October 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was at different stages in different countries, so that the level to which firms were affected varied, and although the data were collected during one month only, due to the high dynamics of the pandemic, data were collected during different stages of disruptions, even among respondents in the same country. This study was set in the context of COVID-19, and it could not be proved whether the conceptual framework is generalizable to other crises or particular industries, but it would be worthwhile to examine this in the future. Finally, it was not tested whether LSQ mediates the relationship between innovative capabilities and firm performance during the pandemic.Practical implicationsThe results help managers with regard to their strategic and operational decisions in relation with COVID-19. These findings are useful for executives and logistics managers to improve these capabilities to gain a competitive advantage during pandemic and to find their strengths and weaknesses to develop critical capabilities for situations with a high turbulence and dynamic in their environment, and therefore provide a path for improvement.Originality/valueThis paper operationalizes a multi-theoretical conceptual framework in the context of logistics management (LM) and supply chain management (SCM). This conceptual framework was empirically tested.

Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Sulphate and Chloride on High Volume Fly Ash Concrete

High weathering action in the corrosive and chemically active environment can significantly affect the strength characteristics of the concrete and also excessive utilization of sand as fine aggregates in building construction enhances degradation of the environment and urges the need for an alternative source in the scene of sustainable construction. Fly ash has generally used an alternative of cement, such as an admixture in concrete, and production of cement. As per the literature it has been found that concrete containing fly ash as partial to complete replacement of fine aggregate has been found to increase strength on a long-term basis. An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the strength and durability characteristics of concrete building blocks by replacing fine aggregates with fly ash at 10% to 100% by weight of fine aggregate and subjecting it to chloride attack and sulfate attack. Various tests were conducted for the properties of fresh concrete. Compressive strength and flexural strength were determined at 28 days. Test results indicate significant improvement in strength properties of plain concrete by the inclusion of fly ash as partial replacement of fine aggregate (sand), and increase in resistance to sulfate and Chloride attacks and can be effectively used in structural concrete.

Франчайзинг в Україні: реалії та перспективи розвитку в умовах воєнного стану

The article is aimed at studying the development of franchising in Ukraine in the prewar period, as well as its realities, features and prospects for development under martial law. It is noted that after the declaration of martial law on the territory of Ukraine and the beginning of the active phase of military actions, most of the business was actually paralyzed due to various factors and the impossibility of carrying out economic activities by enterprises located in the territory of hostilities. Instead, franchising is an up-to-date economic model for organizing and carrying out entrepreneurial activities that will allow businesses to survive and develop in this difficult time for the country. The accomplished analysis of the dynamics of franchising in Ukraine for 2017–2020 showed that franchising has been slowly but steadily developing in recent years, which justifies the annual increase in the number of franchisers and franchised facilities, an increase in the number of domestic and foreign brands in the franchise market. Precisely the increase in the share of Ukrainian franchises has been determined, since the franchise business model itself better takes into account local realities. The franchising created in Ukraine is more adapted to local market requirements; Ukrainian franchises are competitive, have a comprehensive business development program and strong support after the launch of a franchise project; the domestic franchising is directed towards further cooperation on a long-term basis. Based on a study by the financial portal Fibi, a rating of the best franchises in Ukraine in 2022 in trade, services and catering is compiled. It is also noted that during the wartime in Ukraine, some countries significantly simplified the rules for starting a business by Ukrainians, which facilitates the creation of a market for Ukrainian franchises abroad and the spread of national brands. It is defined that in order to support the Ukrainian economy during martial law, the government has introduced comprehensive changes to legislation and State-supported programs, which will help the development of entrepreneurship and the spread of franchising.

Urology

Over this last year, urology has progressed both in oncology and reconstructive surgery. Genomic tests have been since quite a few years foreseen as very promising prognostic factors of prostate cancer, however remaining not clearly convincing. At last, the present data available seem to favour their contribution to improve selecting patients for active surveillance. For the same cancer, but at a metastatic stage resistant to androgenic deprivation, therano stics is providing an elegant targeting of disseminated tumor cells using a PSMA radio-active ligand fatal for the latter. Finally, penile urethral strictures appear to convincingly benefit on a long-term basis from a new method to place the substitution tissue which will restore urethral caliber.

Antiproliferative Effects of Olanzapine against MCF-7 Cells and Its Molecular Interactions with Survivin

Background: Epidemiologic findings revealed approximately one-third of patients with breast cancer develop brain metastases. Recent research has found that schizophrenia patients who take antipsychotic medications on a long-term basis have a decreased risk of cancers than normal individuals. This serendipitous anticancer action of antipsychotic medications is now being investigated by many studies. The ability of these drugs to penetrate the blood–brain barrier may target brain metastases. We investigated antiproliferative activity of antipsychotic drug. The present study aimed to determine the antiproliferative effects of olanzapine against MCF-7 cells and also to examine its molecular interactions with survivin. Methods: The antiproliferative effects of olanzapine were demonstrated using MTT assay and molecular interactions were analyzed using AutoDock Vina ver4.0 between olanzapine (PubChem CID − 135398745) and survivin (PDB ID − 1E31). These molecular interactions were also compared with tamoxifen (PubChem CID: 2733526). Results: We found that olanzapine has extensive antiproliferative effects against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, with an IC50 of 10.9 g/mL. We also discovered that olanzapine had possible interactions with the survivin protein at Lys15, Phe86, and Val89 amino acid residues, which could be related to effects of olanzapine on MCF-7 cell viability. Conclusion: Our research establishes that olanzapine has promising anticancer properties against breast tumors, with prospective application to target brain metastases in patients with breast cancer.

Integrated Nutrient Management influencing the yield and growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Central India

Increasing worldwide demand for food items with limited per capita land for cropping will be a major challenge. Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's most important cereal crops, second only to wheat and rice. To increase crop output and maintain soil health, Integrated Nutrient Management combines chemical fertilizers with organic manures through a biological process. An integrated plant nutrient supply system could aid in achieving balanced fertilization goals, which would improve the soil's physicochemical qualities on a long-term basis. The treatment T2 (100 percent N2 through Urea + Boron @ 3 kg. ha-1 ) has emerged superior over other treatments and shows better growth, yield, followed by T14 (50 percent N2 through Urea + 25 percent N2 through FYM + 25 percent N2 through Azotobactor @ 3 kg. ha-1 ), while the treatment T4 (50 percent N2 through Urea + 25 percent N2 through FYM + 25 percent N2 through Azotobactor @ 3 kg. ha-1 ).

Antidepressants do not improve quality of life long term, study finds

Use of antidepressants on a long-term basis is not associated with significantly better health-related quality of life, an analysis of a large US database has suggested. Researchers looking at patients diagnosed with depression between 2005 and 2016 found no statistical difference in health-related quality of life scores in those who took antidepressants compared with those […]

Реализация полиаспектного подхода в стратегическом планировании пространственного развития аграрного сектора

The paper provides a scientific and methodological basis for the agriculture spatial development based on the articulation of a multi-aspect approach, which addresses both the issues of effective organization, placement, and specialization by zoning the specific territories and certain aspects of state regulation of socio-economic nature in relation to industry staffing and the formation of effective arms of governance of the agrofood market. The update of the issues of the agricultural sector spatial development in Russia is caused by a number of reasons: both by transforming the general economic conditions of management and reaching the final stage of the formation of the regulatory framework of the strategic planning system, which determines the sequence of developing the spatial development planning documents. The paper presents the characteristics of theories of the region’s spatial development, the main stages of implementing the Federal Law “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation” in terms of the sectoral spatial development. The authors prove that the goal-oriented regulation of the spatial organization of the agricultural industry and the placement of its key industries on a competitive-preferential platform acts as a core of the modern agrofood policy of the state when switching to strategic planning. An advantage of the emerging strategic planning system is the possibility of implementing a multi-aspect approach when solving problems aimed at optimizing the spatial parameters of sectoral development on a comprehensive and long-term basis. The authors prove that it is advisable to develop strategic planning of the agriculture spatial development in accordance with the methodological search for answers to the emerging challenges and threats within the framework of the geo-economic and geopolitical confrontations, including in the field of food supplies, on the Challenge-Response principle. State support differentiation is a key tool for strategic planning of the balanced spatial development.

Networks and Partnerships are Tools for Efficient PGR Management

Agriculture is facing unprecedented challenges from a rapidly expanding human population and an unstable and changing cultivation environment. With the global system facing a multitude of crises across the social, health, environmental, and peace and security spectrum, there is an urgent need for scaling up international, regional cooperation and partnerships to find lasting solutions to ensure food and nutritional security. Plant genetic resources (PGRs) can be used for breeding improved crop varieties, providing food and nutrition for ever- increasing population of animals and human beings. An attempt is made briefly to discuss about the importance of network and partnership and key role, feature and challenges for sustaining the network and partnership on long-term basis for management of PGRs.

Communication and governance for cultural development: Issues and platforms

Many political scientists think governance promotes the growth of trust between the state and society and serves as the long-term basis for state legitimacy. Haider, Mcloughlin, and Scott (2011). Many African societies’ efforts to establish their cultures have been endangered by technology and civilisation. Despite this alarming and dire situation, communication is nevertheless believed to be a powerful force for spreading and transmitting culture, the center of human activity, and the advancement of society. This discourse examines the communication components for cultural development in Nigeria, focusing on platforms and concerns. The study is descriptive, predicated upon secondary sources, and anchored on the cultural imperialism thesis. The results show that communication can promote cultural development in Nigeria. The study suggests that to promote cultural development in Nigeria, some contact- and culturally-focused knotty issues be tackled by cultural communicators. It recommends using integrated media platforms for cultural campaigns to harness the nation’s comprehensive cultural development.

The abortion and contraceptive behavior: results of the all-Russian Research.

The problem of abortion is actual in all spheres of public life. Despite the fact that in Russia, according to the Ministry of Health, the number of abortions has decreased by 30% over the past five years, there is demand from society and public authorities to strengthen the national demographic security, to search for corresponding reserves and to strengthen positive dynamics of demographic indices on permanent long-term basis. The abortions significantly and negatively affect birth rate and woman health. To make proper managerial decisions in this area requires analyzing such complex social phenomenon as abortion behavior and its alternatives, including contraceptive behavior based on family planning technologies. The purpose of study is to analyze characteristics of abortive and contraceptive behavior and their relationship with matrimonial and reproductive behavior in Russia to strengthen national demographic security. The official public data of Rosstat, Minzdrav of Russia, etc. was used. Also the data of the All-Russian sociological study "Demographic well-being of Russia" was attracted. The methodology included questionnaire survey in late 2019 - early 2020 carried out in 10 Subjects of the Russian Federation: Moscow, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Tatarstan, Vologda Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Ivanovo Oblast, etc. The total sampling consisted of 5 616 respondents. The study implemented such scientific research methods as: analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistical analysis, sociological analysis. The state policy implementation related to the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation "On measures to implement the Demographic Policy of the Russian Federation" (2012): "On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024" (2018, national project "Demography"), Government orders "On approval of the Concept of State family Policy in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025" (2014), "On the basics of State youth policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025" (2014), etc. On national level, it resulted in decreasing of the number of abortions and increasing attention of society and the public authorities to problems of the family. in Russia, since 2007, the absolute number of abortions has been declining, and from 2015 to the present, the absolute number of abortions has decreased below the millionth value. The leaders in positive rate of abortions decreasing are the North Caucasus, the Central and Southern Federal Okrugs. The higher rates of abortions remain In the Far Eastern, Siberian and Ural Federal Okrugs. It is established that abortion and reproductive behavior depends on aging of motherhood, low contraceptive culture at early start of sexual life and various social economic factors. A significant part of Russian population is characterized by low awareness of reproduction issues and contraceptives. The study revealed certain relationship between contraceptive and matrimonial and reproductive behavior. The hypothesis was confirmed for the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan. The additional research in this area is required to identify effective measures to fully implement demographic potential of the Russian family. Even though the official statistics of Russia indicate positive trends in population abortion behavior, abortions make up significant part of reproductive losses. For majority of Russians, abortion remains acceptable mean of regulating childbearing. Russia has the highest rate of abortions in the age ranges of 30-34 and 35-39 years. In Russia, improvement of medical and contraceptive literacy and formation of responsible health self-attitude will increase quality of life, implement population's demographic potential and improve demographic security.

DECISION-MAKING FACTORS IN CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON THE MARKET WITH DECORATIVE COSMETICS

The article explores major decision-making factors in consumer behaviour when purchasing decorative cosmetics. The employed methods involve brainstorming and structured interviews. The most powerful internal stimuli are body care and looking good. On the other hand, a desire to try a new cosmetic product plays a rather subordinate role. The main external purchasing factors involve a recommendation from a friend or relative. On the contrary, aspects such as vegan composition of the product or its packaging do not attract much attention. However, research conclusions cannot apply on the long-term basis given to the rapid development of new technologies and marketing strategies in this branch. It is therefore imperative to monitor the current market trends.

Evaluating Habitat of Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis Undulata) Through Trending of Vegetation Activity in Cholistan Desert of Pakistan

In the present study, the habitat of Houbara Bustard was evaluated in Lal Suhanra National Park (LSNP) of Cholistan desert, Pakistan using remote sensing data of LANDSAT-5 and MODIS hyper-temporal vegetation index data of 2000-2012 period. Trend analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was performed using seasonal Mann-Kendall test to understand the distribution and projected status of the habitat. Over 76% area of the LSNP comprising of sand dunes, sandy/open shrubs, sandy (barren) and open shrubs was identified as the most suitable habitat for Houbara. Majority of the LSNP area exhibited stable trend in land cover/vegetation activity, e.g. about 7% land cover indicated progressive and 4% regressive trend, while 89% land cover exhibited stability (significant at p<0.05) in the LSNP. The progressive trending was likely because of increase in rainfall, while the regressive trending was due to increase in sunlight. The <1% regressive trend observed in classes like sand dunes, sandy/open shrubs, sandy (barren) and open shrubs points toward sustainability of the habitat in the LSNP. The MODIS based VI and time series proved useful in inferring trends in the vegetation activity in this region. Seasonal changes in the habitat of Houbara need regular monitoring and an in-depth research in context of future changes in climate and land use. A participatory approach based on concerted efforts would be effective in conserving this precious bird and its habitat on long-term basis in the region in future.

A Study on Youth TAEKWONDO Revitalization Plana

Purpose: The growing number of youth Taekwondo practitioners gives them the opportunity to live a mentally and physically healthy life by learning not only the techniques of Taekwondo, but also the theory and the mind. The goal of this study is to look into ways to expand and revitalize the youth Taekwondo training population, as well as to provide basic data. Method: The electronic literature platform search was used for the research method and data collection method used to achieve the purpose of this study. After reconfirming the title and summary of each literature, the literature judged to be highly relevant to this study was finally chosen, and its validity as data was verified using triangulation with a peer expert group. Results: To revitalize youth Taekwondo, a year must be set aside to actively and extensively promote inter-esting and fun Taekwondo for youth, educate leaders about current youth popular culture, develop instructional methods, and hold Taekwondo competitions. Various competitions are held in accordance with the sports policy, including group exhibitions for underprivileged youth and women s group competitions, so it should be reviewed on a long-term basis in accordance with the understanding of sociality and the flow of popular culture. ‘Forgery’ is the conduct of fabricating non-existing data or research outcome and recording or reporting them as true and existing. Conclusion: It is critical to continue to focus on the vitalization of youth Taekwondo, and understanding and accepting youth popular culture will aid in revitalizing youth Taekwondo. It is interpreted as a problem of ac-ceptance and convergence, and it is thought that efforts should be made to support it, develop a Taekwondo training program, and nurture professional leaders, according to the flow of popular culture.