Long-term Balance Research Articles

Long-term firn and mass balance modelling for Abramov Glacier in the data-scarce Pamir Alay

Abstract. Several studies identified heterogeneous glacier mass changes in western High Mountain Asia over the last decades. Causes for these mass change patterns are still not fully understood. Modelling the physical interactions between glacier surface and atmosphere over several decades can provide insight into relevant processes. Such model applications, however, have data needs which are usually not met in these data-scarce regions. Exceptionally detailed glaciological and meteorological data exist for the Abramov Glacier in the Pamir Alay range. In this study, we use weather station measurements in combination with downscaled reanalysis data to force a coupled surface energy balance–multilayer subsurface model for Abramov Glacier for 52 years. Available in situ data are used for model calibration and validation. We find an overall negative mass balance of −0.27 mw.e.a-1 for 1968/1969–2019/2020 and a loss of firn pore space causing a reduction of internal accumulation. Despite increasing air temperatures, we do not find an acceleration of glacier-wide mass loss over time. Such an acceleration is compensated for by increasing precipitation rates (+0.0022 mw.e.a-1, significant at a 90 % confidence level). Our results indicate a significant correlation between annual mass balance and precipitation (R2 = 0.72).

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Import and Consumption of Sugar Cane in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of (1) production, consumption, price and exchange rate on sugar imports in Indonesia (2) import, production and price of sugar on sugar consumption in Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive and associative. While the type of data is documentary data, the data source is secondary data and time series data from 2000 – 2021. The analysis tool is a simultaneous equation model using the Two Stages Least Squared (TSLS) method. The results of the study concluded that (1) sugar production and exchange rate had no significant effect on sugar imports in Indonesia. While sugar consumption and sugar prices have a significant effect on sugar imports in Indonesia (2) sugar imports have a significant effect on sugar consumption in Indonesia. Meanwhile, production and prices have no significant effect on sugar consumption in Indonesia. From the results of the cointegration test using the Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Trace) approach, it was found that there was a long-term relationship or balance between the variables of sugar production, sugar consumption, sugar imports, sugar prices and the exchange rate. Based on these results, the policy that can be suggested is that the Government through the Ministry of Agriculture should issue policies to encourage the expansion of domestic production scale and improve the quality of sugar in order to suppress imports and at the same time control prices, because large imports will harm sugar farmers and also drain foreign exchange reserves.

Investigating the Relationship between Misery Index and Patients' Out-of-pocket Payments in Iran's Health System

Background: One of the criteria for measuring the performance of governments and their survival is the degree of success in reducing and stabilizing the misery index. The misery index is obtained from the sum of inflation and unemployment. Inflation and unemployment are the most important factors affecting family's income. If the misery index is high, families will have less money to buy their consumer goods, including the use of healthcare services and treatment. Therefore, this research has evaluated the relationship between misery index and patients' out-of-pocket payments in Iran's health system.
 Methods: Using time series data of 1998-2019, this study has investigated the relationship between misery index and patients' out-of-pocket payments in Iran's health system. For this purpose, the Dickey-Fuller test was used to check the durability of the variables, the Todayamamoto causality test was used to check the causality relationship between the variables, and the autoregression method with distribution breaks was used to check the existence of a long-term relationship. In addition, the data and results were analyzed using Eview 9 software.
 Results: The results showed that there was a bi-directional causal relationship between the misery index and the out-of-pocket payments of patients in the health system. Furthermore, with increasing 1 unit of misery index 1.27 units of out-of-pocket payments increased. The correction error coefficient was 0.312, which meant this amount was adjusted each period by 0.312 from short-term imbalance to achieve long-term balance. In other words, it takes more than 3 years and less than 4 years to eliminate the short-term imbalances and reach its long-term relationship.
 Conclusion: As the misery index increases, patients' out-of-pocket payments also increase. Therefore, the government should reduce the out-of-pocket payments of patients in the health system by adopting appropriate policies to reduce unemployment and inflation. Basic insurance coverage for essential services for patients should be increased. The extent of complementary medical insurance should be increased at the community level, especially in the lower deciles. In fact, the government should bear the cost of this part of the insurance for the four lower deciles. This is done in order to reduce the patients' out-of-pocket payments.

Deterministic and Stochastic Generation of Evaporation Data for Long-Term Mine Pit Lake Water Balance Modelling

Lakes commonly form in mine pits following the end of mining. A good understanding of the pit lake water balance over future decades to centuries is essential to understand and manage environmental risks from the lake. Evaporation is often the major or only outflow from the lake, thus being an important determinant of equilibrium lake level and environmental risks. A general lack of in situ measurements of pit lake evaporation has meant that estimates have usually been based on pan coefficients derived for other contexts or on alternative unvalidated evaporation models. Our research used data from an evaporation pan and weather station that were floated on a pit lake in semi-arid central Queensland, Australia. A deterministic aerodynamic evaporation model was developed from these data to infill missing values, and an adjusted aerodynamic model was used to reconstruct long-term historical daily evaporation data. With an average bias of 6.5% during the measurement period, this long-term model was found to be more accurate than alternative simple models (e.g., using the commonly used pan coefficient of 0.7 gave a bias of 45%). The reconstructed data were then used to fit and assess a stochastic model for the generation of future evaporation and rainfall realisations, assuming a stationary climate. Fitting stochastic models at a monthly time step was found to accurately represent the monthly evaporation statistics. For example, the cross-correlation between historical rainfall and evaporation was within the 25 and 75 percentiles of the modelled values in 11 of 12 months and always within the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. However, the stationary nature of the model presented limitations in capturing interannual anomalies, with continuous periods of up to 6 years, where the modelled annual rainfall was consistently lower and modelled annual evaporation consistently higher than the historical values. Fitting stochastic models at a daily time step had problems capturing a range of statistics of both rainfall and evaporation. For example, in 6 of the 12 months, the cross-correlation between historical rainfall and evaporation was outside the modelled 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. This likely arises from the complex patterns in transitions from wet to dry days in the semi-arid climate of the case study. While the long-term model and monthly stochastic model are promising, further work is needed to understand the significance of the observed errors and refine the models.

Identifying driving factors of the runoff coefficient based on the geographic detector model in the upper reaches of Huaihe River Basin

Abstract Various climate and watershed characteristics determine the runoff coefficient (RC), and their interactions are complicated. Understanding the driving factors of the RC is important for understanding the long-term water balance and how it might change. Using the upper reaches of the Huaihe River Basin as the study area, remote sensing data were used to produce a RC map. The geographical detector was selected to quantify the individual and interactive influences of 13 driving factors on the RC. The results revealed that moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer evapotranspiration (ET) data can be used to produce a mean average RC map based on the water balance equation. The dominant factors influencing the RC were found to vary at different scales. Precipitation had the largest correlation coefficient with the RC at the watershed scale. For the pixel scale, results from the geographical detector indicated that actual evapotranspiration (AET) and precipitation had the highest explanatory rate for the RC in the small watershed region and the whole study area (0.785 and 0.248, respectively). Climate factors, elevation, and normalized difference vegetation index had a substantial influence on the RC. Any two factors exhibited bilinear or nonlinear enhanced relationships in their interactions. The largest interactions between the factors were AET and precipitation, which exceeded 0.900. This study serves to better understand and explain runoff’s complex interrelationships.

CO4 How Can the Long-Term Benefits and Harms of Screening Be Transparently Quantified and Contrasted for Informed Decision-Making? Colorectal Cancer Screening for Persons at Familial Risk (FARKOR)

Our aim was to systematically evaluate and compare the long-term benefit-harm balance of different screening strategies (colonoscopy or immunologic fecal blood testing (iFOBT) for individuals younger than age 50 with identified familial colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Germany.

FORMATION OF A CONCEPT MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF A VIABLE MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE

In the conditions of the modern economic crisis, caused first by the coronavirus pandemic, and then by the military actions in Ukraine, the problem of ensuring the viability of enterprises is actualized, emphasizing the need to use new approaches to the management system of enterprises, based on the paradigm of sustainable development. Thus, there is a need to manage viable road transport enterprises in the conditions of transformation of the business environment based on the paradigm of sustainable development. This actualizes the issue of developing a model of the concept of sustainable development of a viable enterprise. Theoretical studies of existing approaches to models of the concept of sustainable development of enterprises were carried out and their main components or areas were highlighted. It was determined that in the scientific literature, too little attention is paid to the issue of forming a model of the concept of sustainable development of a viable enterprise. The lack of systematicity and completeness of the considered structure of the concept of sustainable development of the enterprise hinders the development of a conceptual model of sustainable development of a viable enterprise.
 The goal of the work is to improve the model of sustainable development of a viable enterprise, which allows to achieve a long-term balance between the main areas of sustainable development of the enterprise. In order to substantiate the model, it is proposed to use the postulates of holistic and systemic approaches, as well as the concept of sustainable development. The article proves that the viability of the enterprise is interconnected with the components of the paradigm of sustainable development. A four-component model of the concept of sustainable development of a viable motor vehicle enterprise is proposed, which presents the hierarchical arrangement of the economic, socio-political, environmental and management spheres of the enterprise, as well as the directions of application of corporate management tools, with the help of which it affects a certain sphere with which it interacts. The formed model is proposed to be called ESPEG, because it involves taking into account four components: environmental (E), socio-political (SP), economic (E), as well as governance (G - governance). The structural elements of the model are also characterized.
 The formed conceptual model of sustainable development of a viable enterprise allows structuring the main components of the concept in order to ensure effective management of a viable enterprise based on the balance of the main components. Together, this will contribute to the development of innovative approaches and methods of managing a viable enterprise, ensuring work efficiency and formation of strategic advantages in competitive markets. The implementation of the model of sustainable development will increase the efficiency of managing the viability of the enterprise. This, in turn, will lead to the formation of the long-term viability of the enterprise on the basis of sustainable development.

Feeding after spawning and energy balance at spawning are associated with repeat spawning interval in steelhead trout

Consecutive and skip repeat spawning (1- or ≥2-year spawning interval) life histories commonly occur in seasonally breeding iteroparous fishes. Spawning interval variation is driven by energetic status and impacts fisheries management. In salmonids, energetic status (either absolute level of energy reserves or the rate of change of energy reserves, i.e., energy balance) is thought to determine reproductive trajectory during a critical period ∼1 year prior to initial spawning. However, information on repeat spawners is lacking. To examine the timing and the aspects of energetic status that regulate repeat spawning interval, female steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fasted for 10 weeks after spawning and then fed ad libitum and compared to ad libitum fed controls. Plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were measured to assess long-term energy balance. Plasma estradiol levels showed that some fish in both groups initiated a consecutive spawning cycle. In fasted fish, GH was lower at spawning in consecutive versus skip spawners. In consecutive spawners, GH was higher at spawning in fed versus fasted fish. These results suggest that fish with a less negative energy balance at spawning initiated reproductive development in the absence of feeding, but that feeding during the post-spawning period enabled initiation of reproduction in some fish with a more negative energy balance at spawning. Thus, both energy balance at spawning and feeding after spawning regulated reproductive schedules. These results show that the critical period model of salmonid maturation applies to regulation of repeat spawning, and that the reproductive decision window extends into the first 10 weeks after spawning.

Relationship between residential property prices and macroeconomıc variables in Turkey

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyse the existence of a long-term relationship between residential property prices and indicators such as gross domestic product growth rate, inflation rate, foreign direct investment as percentage of GDP, household income, population, exchange rate, total credits to households as percentage of GDP, employment rate and gold price index in Turkey. For this, annual data covering the years 1971–2019 were used in the relevant variables. Cointegration analyzes were performed to determine the long-term balance between residential property prices and variables. Vector error correction model (VECM) is applied to see the possible imbalances in the long run. Granger causality analysis was used to determine causality from variables to residential property prices and vice versa. According to the empirical findings of the study, it has been observed that there is a long-term positive relationship between residential property prices and gold price index, inflation rate, foreign direct investment, household income and population in Turkey. It has been found that there is a negative relationship between the gross domestic product growth rate, exchange rate, employment rate, total credits to households and residential property prices in the long run.

Effects of litter chemical traits and species richness on soil carbon cycling changed over time

Litter decomposition is the main driver of nutrient cycling process in terrestrial ecosystems. Afforestation completely altered vegetation composition and litter species, disrupting the long-term carbon balance in grassland ecosystem. However, there is a lack of understanding of how litter mixing effect (LME) affects soil carbon cycling in afforested ecosystem. Here, we investigated the effects of litter richness and quality of tree, shrub, and grass species and their litter mixture on soil CO2 fluxes. The results showed that cumulative soil CO2 flux in the early stage (1–28 days) was 1.75 times higher than that in the late stage (29–113 days), indicating litter decomposition was intensive at first and then decreased with time. Soil carbon flux changed with decomposition stages. In the early-stage of decomposition, soil CO2 flux increased with the concentrations of litter carbon, nitrogen and condense tannin. In the late phase of decomposition, all litter chemical traits were negatively related to the soil carbon flux. Additionally, plant litter richness was negatively correlated to early-stage soil CO2 flux, whereas it was positively related to late-stage soil carbon flux. Our results provide evidence that long-term carbon balance in grassland ecosystems was interrupted by afforestation, and the dominant litter chemical traits that controlling soil carbon cycling changed over time.

Environmental Management from the Point of View of the Energy Intensity of Road Freight Transport and Shocks.

The research aimed to identify the directions of rationalization of the energy intensity of road freight transport in the context of the long-term balance of the drifting economy. The study was related to the case of Poland, and its scope spans 8.5 years. The long-term drift of the economy and shocks from the production process of the construction, industry, and processing sectors were taken into account in the research. In addition, the structural shocks were decomposed and validated. Twenty-one statistically significant multidirectional and varying relationships between the energy consumption of road transport and production in the construction, industry, and processing sectors were confirmed, including 7 long-term and 14 immediate relationships. The leakage of shocks in production has been demonstrated in the construction, industry, and processing sectors. The shock from the construction sector lowered the energy consumption of road transport in the long run. The greatest impact of the shock occurred only after 6-12 months and slowly stabilized after approximately 24 months. On the other hand, the shock in production in the industry and processing sectors reduced energy intensity in the short term but increased in the long term. The shocks in the industry and processing sectors transformed relatively quickly.

DAMPAK HEALTH CAPITAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI: PEMBUKTIAN DARI NEGARA TERPILIH DI ASIA TENGGARA DENGAN PENDEKATAN MODEL AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG (ARDL)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the long-term impacts of health capital on economic growth in Southeast Asia from 2000 – 2021. This study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to estimate the long-run and short-run nexus among the variables. Furthermore, FMOLS, DOLS and CCR were used for a more robust examination of the empirical findings. The results of this study show that health capital (proxy by health expenditure per capita) has a long-run relationship with economic growth (proxy by GDP per capita) and its impact on economic growth is positive and significant, this implies that an increase in the health expenditure per capita will increase GDP per capita. In addition, the error correction term (ECT) estimation result is negative and significant (-1,395) implying disequilibrium of short-term shocks in the previous year will experience a long-term balance adjustment in the current year with average speed of 139,5% per year

Tlacoqualli in Monequi "The Center Good"

Tlacoqualli in Monequi "The Center Good"

Research on power and energy balance of new power system under low carbon emission path

Combined with the requirements of low-carbon transformation of power system, this paper points out the existing problems in power and energy balance of new power system under the dual carbon target. The technical solutions for electric power balance are summarized from the perspectives of planning and operation. The concept of “carbon correlation” is proposed to quantitatively represent the matching degree between equipment characteristics and dual carbon paths, which can provide alternative reference for planning. Secondly, considering the uncertainty and uncontrollability of new energy, the operation level is divided into normal state and emergency state, so as to improve the resilience of the power system. Finally, seasonal energy storage planning is taken as an example1 to clarify its role in medium - and long-term power balance, and the results show that although seasonal storage increases the configuration cost of energy storage, it can reduce the operating cost and improve the economy of the system as a whole. The multi-stage low-carbon planning of multi-energy complementary comprehensive energy park is taken as example 2 to clarify the steps of carbon-energy collaborative planning. The results show that the multi-stage planning method can avoid the waste caused by the equipment in the early stage and make the time sequence of capacity expansion and load increase consistent. At the same time, the demand response method can be used to be more flexible and reasonable, and can further improve the economy of the system.

Budyko-Type Models and the Proportionality Hypothesis in Long-Term Water and Energy Balances

In the perspective of Darwinian hydrology, Budyko hypotheses can be the foundation of approaches for developing models. Numerous Budyko-type models meeting established boundary conditions (water and energy limits) have been developed based on the Budyko hypothesis on the long-term-average annual mass and energy balance. Some of these models are grounded on empirical bases, while others have been formulated on sophisticated mathematical developments. We analyze the basic hypotheses underlying some Budyko-type models; we first describe some published models and then examine their underlying hypotheses in a hydrologically intuitive space (precipitation versus runoff). The analyses show that the models studied are a consequence of assuming that two parallel straight lines (of unit slope) of different intercepts are indeed equal (proportionality hypothesis). This hypothesis gives rise to different Budyko-type models that, although mathematically correct and meeting the limits (partially) related to the Budyko hypotheses, do not yield any information about what happens between those limits. To overcome the extreme energy limit, an expolinear model is introduced.

Increase in colonic PRopionate as a method of prEVENTing weight gain in adults aged 20–40 years (iPREVENT): protocol of a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial to investigate the efficacy of inulin-propionate ester versus inulin (control) in the prevention of weight gain over 12 months

Introduction: Overweight and obesity affects over 70% of the UK population and is a major risk factor for the development of co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There now exists a considerable evidence base for the management of obesity. However, this is not the case for the prevention of obesity. Preventing weight gain in periods of life where there is an elevated risk of fat mass expansion could be beneficial to preventing associated diseases in later life. This protocol investigates the impact of novel food ingredient inulin propionate ester (IPE) in the prevention of weight gain. This trial aims to investigate the primary hypothesis that IPE has a superior effect on preventing body weight gain, compared with inulin, in young (<40 years old) adults over 12 months, whilst also investigating several complementary mechanisms that may explain the prevention of weight gain and improved long-term energy balance from consuming IPE. Methods: In this multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group study, eligible participants will be randomly assigned to consume 10g IPE or 10g inulin (control) daily for 12 months. Study visits will be conducted at baseline, two-month, six-month and 12-month time points. The primary outcome is weight gain from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes will examine changes in metabolic and cardiovascular health biomarkers, body composition and appetite. A mechanistic sub-group will explore causal mechanisms around energy balance, body composition, appetite regulation and the gut microbiota. Based on the power calculation, the sample size required is 270 participants or 135 per study group. Ethics and dissemination: The trial protocol and participant-facing documents have been reviewed and approved, by the London Hampstead Ethics Committee (REC Reference 19/LO/0095, 29th January 2019). Upon completion, the trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. Trial registration number: ISRCTN16299902, 1st March 2018.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI FLUKTUASI HARGA KOPI INDONESIA

This study examines and analyzes the factors that influence the price fluctuations of coffee beans in the domestic market from 2008.1-2021.12. Data analysis used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. This model can test the cointegration between variables and short-term and long-term relationships. This study finds a long-term balance between Indonesian coffee prices, world coffee prices, exchange rates, and world cocoa bean prices. Price changes in the world coffee market were transmitted to the domestic coffee producer market positively and significantly. However, the inefficient transmission of corrective adjustments in coffee prices at the Indonesian producer level was documented during the study period. In addition, changes in the price of cocoa beans in the global market also affect the fluctuations in the market price of coffee beans in Indonesia in the long term. The exchange rate consistently affects the price of Indonesian coffee beans, while changes in the volume of Indonesian coffee exports have no significant effect in the long term. In the estimation results of the research model in the short term, all variables significantly affect fluctuations in the price of Indonesian coffee producers at different lag levels

AN ASSESSMENT OF COINTEGRATION AND CAUSALITY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BIST 50 AND KATILIM 30 INDICES

Ülkemizin sermaye piyasası platformu Borsa İstanbul'da (BIST) işlem gören KATILIM endeksleri son yıllarda her profilden yatırımcının ilgi odağı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, BIST 50 geleneksel endeksi ile İslami prensiplere uygun faaliyet gösterdiği belirlenen 30 şirketin hisselerinden oluşan KATILIM 30 endeksi getirileri arasındaki uzun dönemde denge ve kısa dönem ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Her iki endekse ait veri seti 06.01.2011 tarihinden 30.09.2021 tarihine kadar olan dönemin günlük kapanış değerlerinden oluşmaktadır. Johansen eşbütünleşme analizi sonucunda endeks getirileri arasında uzun dönemde en az 2 eşbütünleşme bulgusu; çift yönlü Granger nedensellik analizi neticesinde ise yalnızca BIST 50 endeksinden KATILIM 30 endeksine doğru tek yönlü istatistiksel olarak anlamlı nedensellik bulgusu saptanmıştır. Buradan hareketle, kısa dönemde geleneksel endekslerin İslami endeks getirileri üzerinde belirleyici bir etkisinin olduğu ve iki farklı metodolojiye dayalı olarak işlem gören bu araçların eşbütünleşik olmaları sebebiyle birbirinden ayrışmadıkları, dolayısıyla Modern Portföy Teorisi çerçevesinde BIST 50 ve KATILIM 30 endeksleriyle yapılacak portföyün yatırımcı açısından faydalı olmayacağı öngörülmüştür.

Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab for New-Onset Generalized Myasthenia Gravis

Rituximab is a third-line option for refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) based on empirical evidence, but its effect in new-onset disease is unknown. To investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab compared with placebo as an add-on to standard of care for MG. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study took place throughout 48 weeks at 7 regional clinics in Sweden. Key inclusion criteria were age older than 18 years, onset of generalized symptoms within 12 months or less, and a Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score of 6 or more. Patients were screened from October 20, 2016, to March 2, 2020. Key exclusion criteria included pure ocular MG, suspected thymoma, previous thymectomy, and prior noncorticosteroid immunosuppressants or high doses of corticosteroids. Participants were randomized 1:1 without stratification to a single intravenous infusion of 500 mg of rituximab or matching placebo. Minimal disease manifestations at 16 weeks defined as a QMG score of 4 or less with prednisolone, 10 mg or less daily, and no rescue treatment. Of 87 potentially eligible patients, 25 were randomized to rituximab (mean [SD] age, 67.4 [13.4] years; 7 [28%] female) and 22 to placebo (mean [SD] age, 58 [18.6] years; 7 [32%] female). Compared with placebo, a greater proportion with rituximab met the primary end point; 71% (17 of 24) in the rituximab group vs 29% (6 of 21) in the placebo group (Fisher exact test P = .007; probability ratio, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.20-5.11]). Secondary end points, comparing changes in Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living and Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life at 16 weeks with QMG at 24 weeks did not differ between groups with censoring for rescue treatment (per-protocol analysis) but were in favor of active treatment when rescue treatment was taken into account by worst rank imputation (post hoc analysis). Rescue treatments were also more frequent in the placebo arm (rituximab: 1 [4%]; placebo, 8 [36%]). One patient in the placebo arm had a myocardial infarction with cardiac arrest and 1 patient in the active arm experienced a fatal cardiac event. A single dose of 500 mg of rituximab was associated with greater probability of minimal MG manifestations and reduced need of rescue medications compared with placebo. Further studies are needed to address long-term benefit-risk balance with this treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02950155.

Late Oligocene - Miocene morpho-tectonic evolution of the central Gangdese batholith constrained by low-temperature thermochronology

The morpho-tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau is controlled by complicated interactions between tectonic uplift and surface erosion. The Gangdese batholith in the southern Lhasa terrane is a key orogenic belt for exploring the complicated morpho-tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. In this contribution, we apply apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology to constrain the thermo-tectonic evolution of the central segment of the Gangdese batholith. Twenty-four granitoid samples were collected from both river valleys (e.g., the Yarlung and Xiang Rivers) and from the internal batholith areas located farther from river drainage (and/or local faults) networks. All samples exhibit Miocene AFT ages between ∼19.9 and ∼ 6.1 Ma. Inverse thermal history modeling results reveal that the central Gangdese batholith underwent a two-stage accelerated basement cooling in the Miocene. The first cooling stage took place during the late Oligocene to middle Miocene (∼25–15 Ma), this period of moderate to rapid basement cooling coincides with activity along the Gangdese thrust and Great Counter thrust system, and the Oligocene-Miocene delamination of the Lhasa lithosphere and concomitant asthenosphere upwelling. These tectonic processes acted as first-order control on regional basement uplift, denudation and exhumation. Second, a middle-late Miocene (∼14–5 Ma) rapid cooling is widely recognized in the whole Gangdese batholith. We suggest that this middle-late Miocene cooling is due to exhumation in response to tectonic and surface erosion processes such as N-S normal faults and enhanced river incision induced by the intensification of Asian monsoon. Finally, in combination with published low-temperature thermochronological and paleoaltimetry data, it is deduced that the present-day low-relief landscape of the southern Lhasa terrane resulted from a long-term balance between intense regional tectonic activity and surface erosion.