Long History Of Activism Research Articles

Focal mechanism of a Late Triassic large magnitude earthquake along the Longmen Shan fault belt, eastern Tibetan Plateau

Stress states near active fault zones are key to understand their seismogenic setting, geodynamic evolution and future seismic activity. The Longmen Shan Fault Belt (LSFB) is a prominent fault zone that has had a long history of activity and major recent earthquakes in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. However, we have no records of major events prior to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and this hinders progress in understanding both the past and future seismicity of the LSFB. A Late Triassic pseudotachylyte, recently discovered and dated, provides an opportunity to compare modern stress states with those acting ca. 230 Ma ago. Here we use a new paleoseismological approach, based on the magnetic fabric of the fault rocks, to determine the focal mechanism of Late Triassic seismic events, each recorded in pseudotachylyte veins at the Bajiaomiao outcrop. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of pseudotachylytes and cataclasites arises from the shape-preferred orientation of coseismic neoformed magnetite and monoclinic pyrrhotite, whereas that of protocataclasite arises mainly from the crystallographic preferred orientation of inherited clastic magnetite. The AMS of fault rocks shows well-defined magnetic foliation and lineation. The pseudotachylyte generation vein formed along the plane where seismic slip took place, while the AMS obliquity with respect to this plane indicates seismic slip with ∼248° trend and 38° dip. This result is consistent with the attitude of macroscopically visible subhorizontal striations on the pseudotachylyte plane itself. The consistent asymmetry of multiple injection veins with respect to the pseudotachylyte generation vein, along with the asymmetry of the AMS fabric, shows that seismic deformation resulted from left-lateral, strike-slip motion. This study provides the oldest example, to date, of focal mechanism determination using the AMS method. The kinematics of the Late Triassic event departs from that of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake thrust motion. Yet, with a displacement estimated between ∼4.4 and 17.4 m, the magnitude of the Late Triassic event was likely Mw 7.5–7.9.

Activism Is an Essential Nursing Role.

Nursing has a long history of activism, yet nurses are often heard to express their dislike of "politics" and their desire to stay away from the tense and contentious situations associated with political activism. Nurses, however, have a fundamental duty to advocate on behalf of their patients and communities. In this article, the authors discuss the rationale for and roots of political activism in nursing, the values that shape it, and the importance of nursing's stance on policies related to the health and well-being of those they serve. The authors also present exemplars of political activism and approaches nurses can use to address the pressing health care challenges of our time.

From saving to survivance: Rethinking Indigenous Papuan women's vulnerabilities in Jayapura, Indonesia

Racism, sexism and gendered violence disadvantage Indigenous Papuan women, yet government responses often focus on individual interventions like ‘raising awareness’ or training. In this article, we build on efforts to challenge these narratives about women's vulnerabilities. We draw on life history interviews with older Papuan women in Jayapura to rethink vulnerabilities and everyday struggles in the context of structural inequalities. We interpret their stories as forms of ‘survivance’ and argue that contrary to dominant perspectives, Papuan women are not economic novices or passive victims. Rather, opportunities have narrowed over time, and women's long history of activity, strategy, persistence and resistance has largely been forgotten. Women's life histories shed light on urban colonialism and Indigenous survivance in Jayapura since the 1940s, when Jayapura was still a Dutch colonial capital and not yet an Indonesian frontier. In a time dominated by concerns about Papuan demise, their experiences are provocative for rethinking vulnerabilities.

Культурно-мистецький діалог українських театрів на сторінках польської періодики початку ХХІ століття

The paper gives an analysis of articles, reports, and reviews of specialized Polish periodicals from 2000 to 2010, which include interviews, reviews, impressions, and comments of theater experts about contemporary cultural and artistic events in Poland in which Ukrainian artists participated. To fulfill the tasks set in the research, the author considers the main theatrical magazines of Poland “Dialog. Miesięcznik poświęcony dramaturgii współczesnej”, “Didaskalia”, “Pamiętnik Teatralny”, “Scena”, “Teatr”, which have had a long history of activity since the last century. The analytical work of the study is part of the preparatory stage before digitizing the materials on the Ukrainian-Polish cultural dialogue and placing them in the Polish Academy of Sciences database. The current issue requires improving the content in the virtual information environment regarding the creative activity of Ukrainian theaters. Accumulation, storage, and research of available information in electronic format will enable immediate processing and speed up the solution of many current problems: visualize the quantitative indicators of the institution's activity; make it possible to forecast its development; contribute to the search for effective ways of functioning. The author considers that a significant unsolved aspect of the problem is the lack of research into the Ukrainian-Polish cultural-artistic dialogue, which concerns theatrical practices at the beginning of the 21st century. The fact justifies the originality of the research, as there has been no study of Polish periodicals on theater studies, whose publications reflect the activities of Ukrainian artists. The chronological framework in the study is essential, as it was marked by important political events in both countries: 2004, when Poland joined the European Union, and in Ukraine, the Orange Revolution. The preliminary result of the analysis of Polish theater publications illustrates a specific direction of each of them and is the basis for determining their thematic direction: retrospectives, festival events, and creative meetings; biographies of personalities and discovery of new names; literary reviews. The activity of Ukrainian actors and theater groups in the artistic life of Poland is one of the indicators of the work of governmental cultural diplomacy and personal contact between the two countries, which determines the strengths and weaknesses of international relations. Further investigation of the phenomenon will make it possible to trace the dynamics of international communication ties of the period recorded in theater journals. In the future, the author aims to explore similar information in mass media (press, television, websites) and conduct interviews in focus groups (theatre administration, theater critics, ambassadors). Such a comprehensive systemic approach will contribute to the demonstration of a complete and accurate picture of the Ukrainian-Polish cultural and artistic dialogue on the example of theatrical practices.

Coordinated Hateful Disinformation on Italian Politics and Social Issues, since 2017

In the context of a larger study on the spread of COVID-19 related mis/disinformation in Italy, we detected a network of 10 Facebook Pages that performed Coordinated Link Sharing. The potential reach of the network is significant, with a cumulative subscriber count close to 2 millions users. Each month, the network publishes more than 6,500 posts. The large majority of posts are links (83%), followed by status (8%) and photos (7%). However, 8 over 10 photos also include links in the message/description of the post. The current goal of the network is to drive traffic to the tg24-ore.com domain, a news source that, according to NewsGuard, fails to meet all the basic journalistic standards, is anonymous and publishes false news about health and partisan right-wing stories without disclosing their editorial line.The network has a long history of activity. It was spotted as performing coordinated link sharing behaviour on highly polarized and false political content in the lead-up to 2018 and 2019 Italian elections (see elections report). The report reconstructs the full list of different domains used by this network from 2017 on and points out to a brand new domain currently used (notiziariodelweb.com). Several of the domains shared by this network are featured in fact-checkers black-lists. 35 news stories posted by this network have been rated as false or misleading by Facebook’s Italian third-party fact-checker. Despite this, the posts linking to these 35 stories have been cumulatively viewed over six million times and clicked more than five hundred thousand times between 2017 and 2019 on Facebook. The domain howtodofor.com was also shared by this network. An analysis of the core Facebook network that shares this domain is available in the second report of this series. The network also serves as a paradigmatic example of how memes page can be repurposed to share highly problematic content as the content posted shifted suddenly from photos to links in the months preceding 2018 Italian general election. A diachronic analysis of the networks’ coordinated links sharing activities, clearly highlights an escalation of the operation that started immediately after the fall of the “yellow-green” government supported by a coalition of M5S and League. The activity further intensifies from the COVID-lockdown on.

The FEMENist Connection: Ruptures and Agency in FEMEN France

FEMEN embodies many ambiguities as a feminist group using its members' bare breasts to inscribe messages and attract media attention. Now settled in France, a context wherein the women’s movement has a long history of activism and theory, these ambiguities are particularly visible through strong criticism from feminist figures. In this article, I argue that FEMEN actions are both beneficial and detrimental to feminism as they present the media with eroticized militant women while empowering such representations of women. In the vein of popfeminism and girl power media culture, FEMEN contributes to a transformation of contemporary feminist activism in continuity with feminist claims to agency, and in rupture with feminist criticisms of neoliberal commodification of women.

New Cosmopolitanisms of Forgotten Diasporas

New Cosmopolitanisms of Forgotten Diasporas J. Daniel Elam (bio) Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America. By Vivek Bald. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. 320 pages. $35.00 (cloth). Stranger Intimacy: Contesting Race, Sexuality, and the Law in the North American West. By Nayan Shah. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012. 358 pages. $65.00 (cloth). $27.95 (paper). Colored Cosmopolitanism: The Shared Struggle for Freedom in the United States and India. By Nico Slate. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012. 344 pages. $39.95 (cloth). In a Georgia courtroom in 1909, Calcutta-born Abba Dolla pulled up his sleeve to show the underside of his forearm to the judge. Although the judge noted that Dolla was "dark," the skin on his forearms "was sufficiently transparent for the blue color of the veins to show very clearly." This allowed Dolla to prove "Caucasian" status and, consequently, gain US citizenship. Dolla had purchased a lot in a "whites only" cemetery, which strengthened his application for citizenship. But Dolla lived in a black neighborhood in Savannah and had suggested two black friends as character witnesses. Dolla's ability to navigate the arbitrary racial politics of the US court system runs parallel to his ability to navigate networks of support in Savannah's black neighborhoods as well as global networks of trade that stretched from Georgia to Bengal. Like Dolla, South Asian laborers and thinkers in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century left few traces of their lives, but they participated quite centrally in networks that stretched across the United States and the world. Three notable recent books chart this early diaspora: Vivek Bald's Bengali Harlem, Nayan Shah's Stranger Intimacy, and Nico Slate's Colored Cosmopolitanism. Bald focuses on Bengali Muslims in black neighborhoods in New York, New Orleans, and Detroit; Shah tracks the relationships that develop between [End Page 425] Punjabi migrant labor, poor white labor, and indigenous labor forces on the North American west coast; and Slate illuminates a shared struggle between black American and Indian anticolonial thinkers across the twentieth century. Though the three writers approach the period via different archival materials, all three reveal a history of a shared and global struggle against racial, imperial, sexual, and class injustice. These new histories of early South Asian migration and circulation give a thick description of itinerant lives in the United States in the early decades of the twentieth century. On three different scales—from the intimate to the global—these histories trace communities' attempts to support one another beyond or underneath the American and British Empires, and sketch alternative ethical and political projects enacted by those who have been neglected by the nation. The three texts under consideration advance the transnational turn that Janice Radway, in her presidential address at the 1998 American Studies Association meeting,1 noted as the most significant development in the field's recent history. These works join, on the one hand, the critiques of national homogeneity made under the rubrics of identity politics and, on the other, the critiques of US homogeneity highlighted by the nation's twentieth-century imperial practices. Such critiques make it difficult, Radway argued, to imagine a field of American studies that was loyal to any single imagined community. The figures under analysis in Slate, Shah, and Bald were active members in multiple affective communities, some of which stretch around the globe and some of which are within arm's reach. If these three texts challenge our assumptions about the homogeneity of migrant identity and neighborhoods of color, they should also challenge our assumptions about the conformity of experiences of transnationalism. Refuting simple celebrations of transnationalism (as well as daft critiques of globalization), these books focus instead on the discordant and inconsonant effects of global migration, dialogue, and travel. Transnationalism's twentieth-century history emerges as a complicated relationship of people not across states but within the fissures of borders. Slate's Colored Cosmopolitanism constructs a long history of activism beneath the color line, and catalogs the black Americans writing about, corresponding with, and acting with Indians from the turn of the century to the 1960s. "Colored cosmopolitanism," in Slate's...

REPORTS OF ART MUSEUM ESTABLISHMENT IN LOCAL CITY

Many of municipal Art museums have painful finance now. Muroran museum of Art was established in October, 2008 by the citizens and it has been managed by themselves, too. Muroran museum of Art will show a good reference in other municipal museums. Because we were related to establishment, we will report the establishment process.As a result of investigations, the following features are reported.1) In Muroran City, there were two museums related citizens cooperative business.2) The civic group that established the museum has long history of activity of establishment.3) We proposed designs that citizens easily stay in museum. Moreover, the museum has the overall plan for the future.4) After the establishment, the museum makes many good activities in Muroran city.

Occupational Therapy with Women and Children Survivors of Domestic Violence: Are We Fulfilling Our Activist Heritage? A Review of the Literature

The aim of this literature review was to examine the work of occupational therapists with women and children survivors of domestic violence. The review notes a dearth of research and literature by occupational therapists in this field. The articles by occupational therapists working with survivors of domestic violence document a gap in the profession's knowledge and skills in identifying and working with victims of violence, emphasising the importance of and need for the education of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in this area. The occupational therapy profession has a long history of activism. This article seeks to raise critical awareness of this heritage in relation to women and children survivors of domestic violence, and to explicate the theoretical underpinning for occupational therapists to work with survivors of domestic violence through a discussion of occupational apartheid and occupational justice. It explores occupational therapy's social vision and core principles in relation to survivors of domestic violence to demonstrate the crucial role that occupational therapists could play in this area, and calls for occupational therapists to be advocates for women and children and occupational justice. It is postulated that further research is needed to inspire and underpin practice.

Victoria Playhouse: Re(de)fining Space and Focus in Rural Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward Island’s Victoria Playhouse celebrates its twenty-fifth season in the summer of 2006. Since 1981, the Playhouse, as it is locally known, has been producing theatre in the Victoria Community Hall, which inside looks like the inverted interior of a ship, quite appropriate for a theatre a two-minute walk from fishing wharves. This cosy hall, built by Win Bradley between 1914 and 1916, has had a long history of activity. During the two world wars, the Playhouse was used for “recruiting meetings, lectures, plays, concerts, suppers, [and] quilting bees” to help the war effort (Boswell 27). At other times, the Playhouse was used for “showers, farewells, joint political meetings, movies, Christmas [concerts], school closings, fashion parades, [and] music festivals,” and it has seen performances by artists such as Anne Murray and Don Messer and His Islanders (27–8). However, it is as home of the Victoria Playhouse that the hall has had the most significant impact on the community over the past twenty-five years.

Snow-contact volcanic facies and their use in determining past eruptive environments at Nevados de Chillán volcano, Chile

Studies of the eruptive products from volcanoes with variable ice and snow cover and a long history of activity enable reconstruction of erupted palaeoenvironments, as well as highlighting the hazards associated with meltwater production, such as jokulhlaups and magma-water interaction. Existing difficulties include estimation of ice/snow thicknesses and discrimination between ice- and snow-contact lithofacies. We present field evidence from the Cerro Blanco subcomplex of Nevados de Chillan stratovolcano, central Chile, which has erupted numerous times in glacial and non-glacial periods and most recently produced andesitic lava flows in the 1861–1865 eruption from the Santa Gertrudis cone on the northwest flank of the volcano. The main period of lava effusion occurred during the winter of 1861 when the upper flanks of the volcano were reportedly covered in snow and ice. The bases and margins of the first lava flows produced are cut by arcuate fractures, which are interpreted as snow-contact features formed when steam generated from the melting of snow entered tensional fractures at the flow base. In contrast, the interiors and upper parts of these flows, as well as the overlying flow units, have autobrecciated and blocky textures typical of subaerial conditions, due to insulation by the underlying lava. Similar textures found in a lava flow dated at 90.0±0.6 ka that was emplaced on the northwest flank of Cerro Blanco, are also inferred to be ice and snow-contact features. These textures have been used to infer that a small valley glacier, overlain by snow, existed in the Santa Gertrudis Valley at the time of the eruption. Such reconstructions are important for determining the long-term evolution of the volcano as well as assessing future hazards at seasonally snow-covered volcanoes.

Still with the People?

Malaysian students have a long history of activism around a range of sociopolitical issues, dating back to the late colonial period. However, Malaysian students are commonly perceived as unusually apathetic or easily cowed by government threats and sanctions. This paper explores the manifestation, nature and impacts of student activism in Malaysia, concluding that not just repressive tactics, but also ethnic and religious divisions, the relative position of the university in Malaysian society, and the availability of channels for at least some degree of engagement have curbed student unity and more transgressive activism.

The World Trade Center Attack: Is critical care prepared for terrorism?

This commentary on the World Trade Center attack is written from the perspective of a New York City critical care service, with a long history of activity in disaster management, which is located at the Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The paper describes some of the local concerns of the service in the first hours, the reality of dispersal of victims throughout the New York City hospital system, and some of the resources made available and their utilization. In general, the US Critical Care Medicine System receives massive resources in terms of gross national product expenditure when compared with other developed countries. A large capacity is subsequently in place to provide care to critically ill patients resulting from manmade as well as natural disasters. It was the nature of the World Trade Center attack in terms of the ratio of injured survivors to dead victims that did not allow the full capacity and capability of the system to engage.

Social Work and Social Reform: An Arena of Struggle

The twin pressures of containment and change have plagued social work since its origins in the late 19th century. The profession can boast of a long history of progressive activism directed to individual and social change. At the same time, observers within and outside social work have often accused the profession of serving as a handmaiden of the status quo. This contradiction has made the social work profession a site of ongoing struggle. Although often difficult, the battles the profession has endured have ensured that social work practice with individuals, families, groups, and communities is neither handed down from above nor written in stone. Rather, the design of social work as we know it reflects internal and external political struggles. The presence of this tension becomes critically important, because with it comes opportunity for change. The centennial gives occasion to celebrations, critical reviews, and future visions for the profession. In this spirit, this article reviews the history of activism in social work in a framework of the relationship between social work and social reform as an arena of struggle. Most histories of social work present the story chronologically. I use the history to bring the activist struggles in social work into bold relief. More specifically, I have developed three parallel narratives centered on social work as an arena of struggle: (1) the largely untold history of activism in the profession during the 20th century, (2) the effect of the process of professionalization on social work activism, and (3) the ways the changing political climate shaped the relationship between the profession of social work and its impulse for social reform. The Prochange Mandate in Social Work Social work's commitment to both individual and social change stems from at least three sources: (1) the mandates of our professional organizations, (2) the professional literature, and (3) the long history of activism among social workers themselves. Professional Mandates Since the mid-1960s both the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) and the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) have recognized social work's role in social reform. The 1994 CSWE Curriculum Policy Statement (CSWE, 1994) and the 1996 NASW Code of Ethics continue to call for action to improve social conditions as one way for social work to honor its primary obligation to individual and community welfare. Review of the Literature Many social worker scholars have articulated social work's commitment to social reform (Galper, 1975; Haynes & Mickelson, 1997; Mahaffey & Hanks, 1982; Withorn, 1984). Systems, transactional, person-in-situation, empowerment, and other practice theories emphasize the relationship between social conditions and the quality of life for individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. The theories assume that individuals grow, change, and develop a sense of mastery best when they can gain self-insight, have real choices, and secure access to the resources and power needed to realize these goals. The theories recognize that communities thrive when governments promote individual and collective responsibility, equal opportunities, and social solidarity. In brief, social work scholarship suggests that, although a focus on individuals is critically important, it may not be enough (Payne, 1991; Simon, 1994). History of Activism The third foundation of social work's commitment to social reform stems from the long history of activism among social workers themselves. Social work activism has had many strands. As is the case in any large group of people, the politics of social workers range across the political spectrum. During the past 100 years, the most visible and documented activism of the organized profession has tended toward liberal reform. The goals of the activist members, however, have ranged from liberal to radical, leading to both collaboration and conflict. …

Interview with Mort Subotnick

Morton Subotnick and Tod Machover discuss a variety of issues relating to the use of computers in music, and the integration of new resources into the culture. They discuss new instrument development, performance practice and the assimilation of new musical materials in the context of Subotnick's long history of activity in these domains. The interview took place at the 1989 International Computer Music Conference at Ohio State University, and was updated in 1994.

Evidence for active normal faulting on 5.9 Ma crust near Hole 504B on the southern flank of the Costa Rica rift

Single-channel and multichannel seismic reflection data show evidence for recent movement of faults on 5.9 Ma crust near Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 504B on the southern flank of the Costa Rica rift, >200 km from the ridge axis. These faults, which are associated with N85°W-trending, ridge-parallel basement escarpments, can be traced upward into the thick, overlying sedimentary section that blankets volcanic crust in this area. The offset of sedimentary horizons indicates the style and history of faulting. It consistently shows the downdropped side to the north, signifying inward-facing normal faults or grabenlike structures indicative of crustal extension perpendicular to the ridge axis. Although most of the movement on these faults appears to have occurred in young crust near the ridge axis, many of these faults have a long history of activity, with cumulative displacements of several tens of metres occurring over the past several million years. These results are inconsistent with inferences from borehole stress measurements made in Hole 504B that the crust in this area is in horizontal compression or with previous assumptions that crustal extension at mid-ocean ridges is limited to within 10–20 km of the spreading axis. Although the broad zone of crustal extension on the south flank of the Costa Rica rift could reflect anomalous stresses within the Nazca plate, several independent lines of evidence suggest that the active “tectonic zone” of crustal extension and normal faulting at mid-ocean ridges may be significantly wider than previously suspected.

“Viet Nam” and the Question of Chinese Aggression

The American involvement in Viet Nam has not unnaturally led to the assumption that Chinese expansionism has had a long history of activity in that region, and not a few American writers, notably of journalistic fiber, have come out openly to say that it is really the Chinese that the American forces are fighting against, citing at the same time, hundreds of, even a thousand, years in which Viet Nam was under the control of the Chinese, and innumerable occasions on which it was invaded by the Chinese, that Chinese aggression, on the basis of encroachments into Viet Nam, is a proven fact, and unarguable. On the other hand, there have been a few, notably scholars, who have contended otherwise, that, although imperialism may have infected certain Chinese dynasties, the dominant characteristic, indeed, in the territorial expansion of the Chinese has been their willingness to accept any “barbarian” outsider who would but learn Chinese and accept Chinese customs, as Chinese; also, that China itself is composed of people who are descended from “barbarians” absorbed into the Chinese state by the acculturation process; that the Chinese, while indeed invading their peripheral states on frequent occasions, have done so almost without exception on provocations, such as coups, or attempted coups of the existing friendly-to-China dynasties, and so forth.