London School Of Economics Research Articles

An Overview of Investigations Concerning Agglomerations in Regional Economy

The concentration of organisations in a city or region allows companies to receive benefits without additional costs and increase their productivity. It has been empirically proven that urbanisation and localisation effects of agglomerations contribute to economic growth and development, and therefore should be taken into account in regional and urban policies. The article considers the factors of agglomeration formation, their specific development and impact on the economy of regions and cities. The paper examines studies on the territorial distribution of companies and the population, including creative capital, showing the connection with innovative systems and knowledge capital. The research demonstrates how international trade, market competition, the transport system development and many other factors affect agglomerations. The study of agglomeration processes intersects with other fields of science, such as evolutionary economics, cluster organisation, specialisation and diversification, demography of firms. To cover the topic, works in the field of agglomeration processes were systematised by using time-domain, terminological and geographical analysis, as well by studying definitions and typology, based on data obtained from Google Scholar and Web of Science for 1959–2018. It is revealed that agglomerations are considered in such scientific fields as economics, geography, regional urban planning, urban studies, management and regional studies. The key terms are agglomeration economy (economics), localisation, urbanisation, agglomeration forces, agglomerative and deglomerative factors. These works are geographically distributed, and most of them are conducted in the USA (mainly at the University of California), Great Britain (London School of Economics and Law) and China (Chinese Academy of Sciences and Peking University). The presented research review will serve as a starting point for a more in-depth study of agglomeration processes in various fields of economics.

Karl Mannheim and Jean Floud: a false start for the sociology of education in Britain?

Arriving in the UK after exile from Nazi Germany, Karl Mannheim taught sociology at the London School of Economics and then also at the London Institute of Education, where he was awarded a chair just a year before his untimely death in 1947. In his later writings and teaching, Mannheim argued that the sociology of education could make a crucial contribution to the new type of society he regarded as essential if the problems of liberal democracy were to be overcome, and the slide towards totalitarianism avoided. And the period immediately after his death was a key phase in the development and establishment of the sociology of education in Britain. Jean Floud, who took over teaching the subject at the Institute of Education after Mannheim’s death, played a central role in this, but, while she had studied with him and served as his research assistant, she adopted a very different approach. This focused, in particular, on whether the existing structure and operation of educational institutions restricted social mobility. As a result of this change in focus, Mannheim’s work had a very marginal role in the subsequent history of British sociology of education. In this article, I compare Mannheim’s and Floud’s competing conceptions of the character and role of the subdiscipline, and how these fared in later developments within the field.

Ending the Cold War and Entering a New Era

November 01 2021 Ending the Cold War and Entering a New Era: Perspectives on To Build a Better World Philip Zelikow, Philip Zelikow Philip Zelikow is the White Burkett Miller Professor of History and J. Wilson Newman Professor of Governance at the University of Virginia. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Condoleezza Rice, Condoleezza Rice Condoleezza Rice is director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University and formerly served as U.S. secretary of state and U.S. national security adviser. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Kristina Spohr, Kristina Spohr Kristina Spohr is a professor of international history at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar James Goldgeier, James Goldgeier James Goldgeier is a professor of international relations and formerly served as dean of the School of International Service at American University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Vojtech Mastny Vojtech Mastny Vojtech Mastny is an independent scholar and was the founding director of the Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Philip Zelikow Philip Zelikow is the White Burkett Miller Professor of History and J. Wilson Newman Professor of Governance at the University of Virginia. Condoleezza Rice Condoleezza Rice is director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University and formerly served as U.S. secretary of state and U.S. national security adviser. Kristina Spohr Kristina Spohr is a professor of international history at the London School of Economics and Political Science. James Goldgeier James Goldgeier is a professor of international relations and formerly served as dean of the School of International Service at American University. Vojtech Mastny Vojtech Mastny is an independent scholar and was the founding director of the Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security. Online Issn: 1531-3298 Print Issn: 1520-3972 © 2021 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2021by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Journal of Cold War Studies (2021) 23 (4): 181–210. https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_c_01029 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Search Site Citation Philip Zelikow, Condoleezza Rice, Kristina Spohr, James Goldgeier, Vojtech Mastny; Ending the Cold War and Entering a New Era: Perspectives on To Build a Better World. Journal of Cold War Studies 2021; 23 (4): 181–210. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_c_01029 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsJournal of Cold War Studies Search Advanced Search Philip Zelikow and Condoleezza Rice, To Build a Better World: Choices to End the Cold War and Create a Global Commonwealth. New York: Twelve, 2019. 510 pp. $35.00. In 1989 both Philip Zelikow and Condoleezza Rice entered U.S. government service as members of the National Security Council staff of newly elected President George H. W. Bush. In 1995, they published a detailed account of what most scholars agree was the virtuoso international statecraft that expedited the unexpectedly swift and peaceful denouement of Europe's Cold War.1Germany Unified and Europe Transformed rapidly became a classic of Zeitgeschichte writing on contemporary history. Today, after three decades alternating between the corridors of power in Washington and the ivory towers of... © 2021 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology2021by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology You do not currently have access to this content.

Leslie Rescorla (1945-2020).

Memorializes Leslie Rescorla (1945-2020). Rescorla, Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Class of 1897 Professor of Science Emeritus at Bryn Mawr College, passed away in Havertown, PA on October 12, 2020. Rescorla, who was born in Washington, DC on August 15, 1945, came to Bryn Mawr in 1985; where she taught in the Psychology Department and directed the College's Phebe Anna Thorne School and, until 2018, its Child study Institute. For many years she chaired the department and directed its Clinical Developmental Psychology doctoral program. She supervised over 70 undergraduate senior research projects, 26 MA theses, and 45 PhD dissertations, and in 2002 received the College's McPherson Prize for excellence in teaching, scholarship, and service to the community. Leslie majored in Modern European History at Radcliffe College, graduating magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa in 1967 and earned her MA in Economic History at the London School of Economics in 1968. She received a PhD in Child Development and Clinical Psychology from Yale in 1976 and completed her clinical training at Yale, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Philadelphia Child Guidance Center. She remained a licensed clinical and school psychologist throughout her career and was long-time director of Bryn Mawr's School Psychologist Certification program. Leslie's research focused on late development of language in children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Internationalizing Revolution: The Nicaraguan Revolution and the World, 1977–1990

This special issue traces its roots to a workshop on the international, transnational and global dimensions of the Nicaraguan Revolution held at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) in May 2019. Convened by Dr. Eline van Ommen and Dr. Tanya Harmer, the editors of this special issue, the workshop was generously funded by the LSE Department of International History and the LSE Latin America and Caribbean Centre. Most of the articles that follow were first presented at this workshop, where a lively exchange took place on the revolution's history and present-day legacies.

Global leadership in paediatric and congenital cardiac care: "global health advocacy, lift as you rise - an interview with Liesl J. Zühlke, MBChB, MPH, PhD".

Professor Liesl Zühlke is the focus of our fifth in a series of interviews in Cardiology in the Young entitled, "Global Leadership in Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care". Professor Zühlke (nee Hendricks) was born in Cape Town, South Africa. She would attend medical school in her hometown at University of Cape Town, graduating in 1991. Professor Zühlke then went on to complete a Diploma in Child Health at College of Medicine in Cape Town followed by completion of her Paediatric and Paediatric Cardiology training in 1999 and 2007, respectively. She would subsequently complete her Masters of Public Health (Clinical Research Methods) at the University of Cape Town, completing her dissertation in 2011 on computer-assisted auscultation as a screening tool for cardiovascular disease, under the supervision of Professors Landon Myer and Bongani Mayosi.Professor Zühlke began her clinical position as a paediatric cardiologist in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa in 2007. In this role, she has been instrumental in developing a transitional clinic at the paediatric hospital, is a team member of the combined cardio-obstetric and grown-up congenital heart disease clinics, each of which are rare in South Africa, with very few similar clinics in Africa. Professor Zühlke would continue her research training, completing her Doctorate at the University of Cape Town in 2015, with her dissertation on the outcomes of asymptomatic and symptomatic rheumatic heart disease under the supervision of Professor Bongani Mayosi and Associate Professor Mark Engel. In 2015, in affiliation with the University of Cape Town and the Department of Paediatrics and the Institute of Child Health, she established The Children's Heart Disease Research Unit, with the goals to conduct, promote and support paediatric cardiac research on the African continent, facilitate Implementation Science and provide postgraduate supervision and training in paediatric cardiac research. In 2018, she would subsequently complete her Master of Science at the London School of Economics in Health Economics, Outcomes and Management of cardiovascular sciences. Professor Zühlke currently serves as the acting Deputy-Dean of Research at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town.Professor Zühlke has achieved the highest leadership positions within cardiology in South Africa, including President of the Paediatric Cardiac Society of South Africa and President of the South African Heart Association. She is internationally regarded as a leader in research related to rheumatic heart disease. Professor Zühlke's work includes patient, family and health advocacy on a global scale, being involved in the development of policies that have been adopted by major global organisations such as the World Health Organization. In addition to her clinical and research efforts, she is highly regarded by students, colleagues and graduates as an effective teacher, mentor and advisor. This article presents our interview with Professor Zühlke, an interview that covers her experience as a thought leader in the field of Paediatric Cardiology, specifically in her work related to rheumatic heart disease, Global Health and paediatric and congenital cardiac care in resource-limited settings.

Can we live within environmental limits and still reduce poverty? Degrowth or decoupling?

Can we live within environmental limits and still reduce poverty? Degrowth or decoupling?

About the Contributors

About the Contributors

Book Reviews

Albrecht Ritschl of Economic History Department London School of Economics and Political Science reviews “From Old Regime to Industrial State: A History of German Industrialization from the Eighteenth Century to World War I” by Richard H. Tilly and Michael Kopsidis. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Analyzes Germany's transition to modern economic growth, tracing the institutional roots of German industrialization from the eighteenth century to 1914.”

Meaningless labor in the concept of David Graeber

David Graeber (1961–2020) is a former professor at the London School of Economics, sociologist, and social anthropologist, prominent thinker of modernity; in the decades ahead, his views and social ideas will be highly demanded in social and humanistic knowledge. Assessment is given to his social theory of labor, which Graeber dedicated multiple books and articles, viewing labor as a futile phenomenon for the society and individual. He notes that meaningless labor in just a set of actions subordinated to some social force. The analysis of his ideas reveals several important vectors of modern social mentality: 1) in reconsideration of the role of labor in life of a person and society, the social frame of references (from the perspective of total sociality) is brought to the forefront, while the economic and political vectors of the assessment of labor assessment are shifted to the background; 2) meaningless labor becomes the social norm and generates the new system of values, for example, bureaucracy, administration, office, etc.; 3) gradually and with strong consolidation in society, labor becomes part of the active symbolic struggle (for example, for power) and symbolic exchange, which entails inequality between people and social commonalities. The article substantiates the heuristic nature of application of the concept of meaningless labor in characterizing the central ideas pf David Graeber, taking into account the fact that labor is viewed as an “imitation” of social value. This thesis is fundamental in comprehension of Graeber’s theory, as all his works contain a refrain on the need to reconsider the key social values (labor, money, finance, taxes, resources, and other), the nature of which is determined by both economic and sociocultural relations.

The Role of the Editor of an Academic Publication Blog

Academic blogging is now a widely used medium for scholarly communication. A substantial body of literature exists on the potential opportunities and challenges that blogging affords to scholars, yet the role of blog editors in facilitating research dissemination and public engagement remains largely overlooked. This paper draws on insights from the development of academic blogs by the London School of Economics between 2010 and 2020. It discusses the demands on blog editors and sets forth a framework for academic institutions and scholars to support editors in their efforts to realize the benefits of academic blogging.

Contributors

Previous articleNext article FreeContributorsFull TextPDF Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreLaura K. Nelson is assistant professor of sociology at the University of British Columbia. She uses computational methods to study social movements, gender, culture, and institutions, and has published in outlets such as Sociological Methods and Research, Mobilization, Poetics, and Gender and Society.Yang Zhang is assistant professor at the School of International Service at American University in Washington, D.C., and a sociologist of history, politics, culture, and knowledge. He is currently finishing a book entitled Empire and Its Enemies: Religion, Ethnicity, and Rebellions in Mid-19th-Century China.Laura Hamilton is professor and chair of the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Merced, where she researches the organizational production of inequality in higher education. Her books include Broke: The Racial Consequences of Underfunding Public Universities (with Kelly Nielsen) and Parenting to a Degree: How Family Matters for College Women’s Success. She is cofounder (with Charlie Eaton) of the Higher Education Race and the Economy (HERE) Lab, which is currently working on projects addressing the unequal racial and class distribution of resources and risk in higher education.Elizabeth A. Armstrong is Sherry B. Ortner Collegiate Professor of Sociology at the University of Michigan. She is the coauthor, with Laura T. Hamilton, of Paying for the Party: How College Maintains Inequality (Harvard University Press, 2013). She and a team of collaborators at the University of Michigan are in the midst of a project investigating university responses to sexual misconduct.Sarah Ashwin is professor of industrial relations in the Department of Management at the London School of Economics. She has a longstanding research interest in Russia’s stalled gender revolution, which she interrogates to develop different aspects of gender theory.Katherine Keenan is a lecturer (assistant professor) at the University of St Andrews, United Kingdom. Her work focuses on inequalities in population health and wellbeing across the life course. She has conducted mixed method research in Post-Soviet contexts for over a decade.Irina M. Kozina is professor of sociology at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University) Moscow. Her research interests include labor markets, industrial relations, gender, and qualitative methodology.Ellis P. Monk Jr. is associate professor of sociology at Harvard University. His research interests include ethnoracial categorization and inequality in comparative perspective, the social determinants of health, sociology of the body, and social psychology. Currently he is continuing his research on skin tone stratification across multiple domains—such as health, the criminal justice system, and so on—and further developing his research on bodily capital. His work has appeared in the American Journal of Sociology, Social Forces, and Social Problems, among other publications.Michael Esposito is assistant professor of sociology at Washington University in St. Louis. His primary research interests include population health demography; racial and ethnic disparities in well-being; and statistical methodology for the social sciences.Hedwig (Hedy) Lee is professor of sociology and codirector of the Center for the Study of Race, Ethnicity, and Equity at Washington University in St. Louis. Previous articleNext article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 127, Number 1July 2021 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/715716 Views: 1202 © 2021 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The psychological impact of deprivation in regions affected by conflict: a multilevel analysis of a cross-sectional survey in the occupied Palestinian territory

BackgroundDeprivation is an important determinant of poor health. Locality can be key in understanding variation in deprivation across a population. This study aimed to analyse how different forms of deprivation affect mental health among Palestinians, and how they account for locality effects in the occupied Palestinian territory. MethodsWe used multilevel modelling to analyse data from the Socio-Economic & Food Security Survey 2014 conducted by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, which had a sample size of 7827 adults representing the same number of households. The main outcome is a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score, in which a higher score signifies worse mental health. Deprivation variables include subjective deprivation, material deprivation, food deprivation, and political deprivation (which was measured by use of the human insecurity scale). For the analysis, we included data on experience of different stressors (economic, political, health-related, and weather-related stress) reported at the household level in the 6 months preceding the survey, and we controlled for demographic characteristics, including age, gender, education, wealth, and region. We also conducted a two-level random effects multilevel regression, with locality as a proxy for neighbourhood. FindingsThe model indicates significant variance at the locality (neighbourhood) level. There is a significant association between poor mental health and subjective, economic, political, and food deprivation; health, economic, and political stressors; age, and being a woman. Education beyond secondary school level and wealth have a significant inverse association with poor mental health. Individuals who indicated that they felt somewhat or very deprived have significantly higher GHQ scores than individuals who indicated that they did not feel deprived (β=1·73 and 4·33 for those who felt deprived and who did not feel deprived, respectively, p<0·0001). Food consumption was inversely associated with GHQ score (β=−0·01, p<0·0001) and food insecurity was positively associated with GHQ score (β=0·19, p<0·0001). Political deprivation, and health-related, political, and economic stressors were significantly positively associated with GHQ scores (β=0·043, 0·23, 0·35, and 0·19 respectively, p<0·0001). Age (β=0·079, p<0·0001) and being a woman were positively associated with GHQ score (β=0·26, p=0·0040), whereas education beyond secondary school level was inversely associated with GHQ score (β=−0·54, p<0·0001). InterpretationThe findings that the mental health of Palestinians is associated with various forms of deprivation and stressors, provide further evidence that political and social factors are determinants of health. Correlated factors include both subjective and objective measures, and suggest that although material conditions are important, people's subjective experiences are also important. Feeling deprived is an important correlate of mental health. The community effect suggests that services (or lack thereof), checkpoints and blockades, political situations, and other factors that vary across localities, may influence mental health issues at the neighbourhood level. FundingThis project is part of the study “Re-conceptualising health in wars and conflicts: a new focus on deprivation and suffering” funded by the Middle East Centre at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

Understanding Inconsistent Employee Compliance with Information Security Policies Through the Lens of the Extended Parallel Process Model

A key approach in many organizations to address the myriad of information security threats is encouraging employees to better understand and comply with information security policies (ISPs). Despite a significant body of academic research in this area, a commonly held but questionable assumption in these studies is that noncompliance simply represents the opposite of compliance. Hence, explaining compliance is only half of the story, and there is a pressing need to understand the causes of noncompliance, as well. If organizational leaders understood what leads a normally compliant employee to become noncompliant, future security breaches might be avoided or minimized. In this study, we found that compliant and noncompliant behaviors can be better explained by uncovering actions that focus not only on efficacious coping behaviors, but also those that focus on frustrated users who must sometimes cope with emotions, too. Employees working from a basis of emotion-focused coping are unable to address the threat and, feeling overwhelmed, focus only on controlling their emotions, merely making themselves feel better. Based on our findings, organizations can enhance their security by understanding the “tipping point” where employees’ focus likely changes from problem-solving to emotion appeasement, and instead push them into a more constructive direction.Yan Chen is an associate professor at Florida International University. She received her PhD in management information systems from University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Her research focuses on information security management, online fraud, privacy, and social media. She has published more than 30 research papers in refereed academic journals and conference proceedings.Dennis F. Galletta is a LEO awardee, fellow, and former president of the Association for Information Systems and professor at University of Pittsburgh since 1985. He has published 108 articles and four books. He is a senior editor at MIS Quarterly and an editorial board member at the Journal of Management Information Systems, and has been on several other boards.Paul Benjamin Lowry is the Suzanne Parker Thornhill Chair Professor in Business Information Technology at the Pamplin College of Business at Virginia Tech. He has published more than 135 journal articles. His research areas include organizational and behavioral security and privacy; online deviance and harassment, and computer ethics; human–computer interaction, social media, and gamification; and decision sciences, innovation, and supply chains.Xin (Robert) Luo is Endowed Regent’s Professor and full professor of MIS at the University of New Mexico. His research has appeared in leading information systems journals, and he serves as an associate editor for the Journal of the Association for Information Systems, Decision Sciences Journal, Information &amp; Management, Electronic Commerce Research, and the Journal of Electronic Commerce Research.Gregory D. Moody is currently Lee Professor of Information Systems at the University of Nevada Las Vegas, and director of the cybersecurity graduate program. His interests include information systems security and privacy, e-business, and human–computer interaction. He is currently a senior editor for the Information Systems Journal and Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction.Robert Willison is a professor of management at Xi’an Jiaotong–Liverpool University. He received his PhD in information systems from the London School of Economics. His research focuses on insider computer abuse, information security policy compliance/noncompliance, software piracy, and cyber-loafing. His research has appeared in refereed academic journals such as MIS Quarterly, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, Information Systems Journal, and others.

Civic and Political Engagement during the Multifaceted COVID-19 Crisis.

Measures to cope with the COVID‐19 pandemic have put a sudden halt to street protests and other forms of citizen involvement in Europe. At the same time, the pandemic has increased the need for solidarity, motivating citizens to become involved on behalf of people at risk and the vulnerable more generally. This research note empirically examines the tension between the demobilisation and activation potential of the COVID‐19 crisis. Drawing on original survey data from seven Western European countries, we examine the extent, forms, and drivers of citizens’ engagement. Our findings show the remarkable persistence of pre‐existing political and civic engagement patterns. Concurrently, we show that threat perceptions triggered by the multifaceted COVID‐19 crisis have mobilized Europeans in the early phase of the pandemic. Similarly, the role of extreme ideological orientations in explaining (regular) political engagement indicates that the current situation may create its specific mobilisation potentials.

The writing and reception of Risk, Uncertainty and Profit

Abstract Risk, Uncertainty and Profit was published in 1921, but started as the doctoral thesis ‘A Theory of Business Profit,’ defended in 1916. The first half of the paper examines the changes in organization and argument that Knight undertook between completing the thesis defense and the book’s publication five years later. The reorganization helped Knight focus attention on uncertainty as the most important aspect of economic life standing between the worlds of perfect and imperfect competition, and to explore more of its implications for both price theory and entrepreneurial judgment. The second half of the paper carries the story forward by examining the reception Risk, Uncertainty and Profit received from 1921 until Knight’s retirement in the early 1950s. The study of its reception uses a database of citations of Knight’s book in economics journals found through a JSTOR search. While Knight’s book is remembered today mostly for its introduction of uncertainty, in the economics literature the book’s treatment of basic price theory is more frequently cited, especially in the leading economics journals of the interwar period. The citation data indicates that the role of Risk, Uncertainty and Profit in economics education at the London School of Economics and the University of Chicago extended and expanded the book’s impact.

Changes in Victorian entrepreneurship in England and Wales 1851-1911: Methodology and business population estimates

The full population of England and Wales employers and own-account business proprietors is estimated using population censuses 1851–1911. The main contribution of the article is a method of mixed single imputation to overcome the challenge of non-responses to the census 1851–1881. This method is compared with alternatives. Downloads of all data allow replication. The method is used to track trends in proprietor numbers and entrepreneurship rates to reassess the ‘decline of Victorian entrepreneurship’, onset of the ‘U’-shaped trough of the twentieth century, the ‘climacteric’ of 1901, and compositional changes by sector and sex. There is strong sector and gender diversity, with changes in female participation major drivers of overall trends. Proprietor numbers show slow increases of employers, and rapid rise and then decline of own-account, with a turning point after 1901. The methodology and turning point is compared and confirmed against the 1921 census and national and local trade directories. Current affilition for Piero Montebruno: Geographical Research Economist at the Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political ScienceSupplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2021.1894134.

Exploring the roles of men and masculinities in abortion and emergency contraception pathways, Ghana: a mobile phone-based mixed-methods study protocol

IntroductionGlobal commitments have established goals of achieving universal sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) access, but critical obstacles remain. Emergency contraception and induced abortion are overlooked in policy and...

WOMEN’S ROLE IN MITIGATION AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

The impact of climate change caused by global warming is currently one of the trending topics in various media and it is an extremely serious threat to human security. Forest fires, floods, landslides and changes in lifestyles to survive natural disasters are the very significant contributing factors to poverty rates in various parts of the world. The London School of Economics and Political Science conducted a study of 141 countries affected by disasters in the 1981-2002 period and found a close link between natural disasters and women's socioeconomic status. Data from the National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB) states that women have 14 times of risk for becoming victims of disasters compared to adult men. Women become the most victimized because women prioritize children and their families rather than saving themselves. Although women bear more risks to climate change, women can also have the principal opportunity and role in implementing climate change mitigation adaptation, namely by making women actors in disaster mitigation and drivers of change in parallel to their strong responsibilities to their families. By providing adequate knowledge for women about adaptation and mitigation of disasters, the women can turn themselves to be the strategic activists in coping with disasters for communities living in disaster-prone areas.This study is a comparative discussion of three research results to obtain an overview and find solutions to women's problems from the consequences of climate change, which is a study by changing women from being the most victims of natural disasters to becoming the driving actor for families and communities in overcoming disaster and her ability to survive the post-disaster situation. The conclusion is the three levels of gender roles related to climate change to increase women's adaptive capacity. An adaptation strategy needs the form of 1. Increasing the role of women in the political arena. It is a crucial issue because women's rights can be protected by their presence and role, as well as women in guarding policies. 2. Increasing the role of women in the realm of education. Education is no less important than politics because education will provide a foundation for understanding and self-confidence, bargaining and personal branding for women so that their presence in society will be recognized and will no longer be discriminated. 3. Cultural reconstruction based on gender equality is very important because so far, the notion of patriarchy is still inherent in our culture. Many perspectives are cooptated on the statement that superior (men) are stronger then give rise women mythos that is said to be weak (women). In reality, the presence of women is still fundamental to the aspect of maintaining the economy and education for the continuation and the quality of the life in the society.

On National Anniversaries: Greece, 1821-2021

ABSTRACT Born in Athens in 1937, Constantine (Konstantinos) Tsoukalas belongs to that rare generation of organic intellectuals that experienced some of the most important historical events of the 20th century: Greece’s devastating German occupation, the Soviet interventions in Hungary and Czechoslovakia in 1956 and 1968 respectively, the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s, the Vietnam war and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the rise and fall of the Greek dictatorship (1967–1974), Turkey’s invasion of Cyprus, the two oil crises (1973 and 1979), the collapse of the Keynesian consensus in the 1980s, the break-up of the Soviet bloc and the transformations and expansions of NATO and the EU, the failure of Eurocommunism and the crisis of Marxism, the triumph of Thatcherism and Reaganism—to name but some of the most important ones. More recently, he experienced the global financial crisis and the Eurozone crisis that kneeled down his motherland, Greece, to an effective bankruptcy. In the course of his life, he lost precious comrades and friends, such as George Makris and Nicos Poulantzas, both of whom committed suicide in a similar manner: by throwing themselves from high buildings, the former in Athens, the latter in Paris. He taught in Universities in Paris and Greece—he is currently Professor Emeritus at the University of Athens—and spent many years in European and North American University institutions lecturing, researching and debating about how to understand the modern capitalist world and how to fight politically the social injustices embedded in it. In the Anglo-American world, he became known in the late 1960s, when Penguin published his short book, The Greek Tragedy, a magnificent historical account documenting Greece’s historical course and the advent of the dictatorship in 1967. In Greece he is a celebrated social theorist and sociologist with dozens of best-selling books in the combined fields of social theory and political and economic sociology. Some of us sitting on the Editorial Board of this journal were taught by Tsoukalas in the 1980s at the University of Athens. The theatre was always packed. His lectures were so well-informed and extraordinary that even accomplished professionals working at nearby legal firms were leaving their work to come to attend them. In 1998, when we were building this journal, he accepted our invitation to come to give a talk on the European project, which was about to launch perhaps the most ambitious component of it, the Euro. The lecture, held at the London School of Economics, was attended by hundreds of students and staff, including some of his old friends—the event was chaired by Perry Anderson and was attended, among others, by Donald Sassoon, Peter Gowan, Robin Blackburn, Mike Newman and many others of his generation. In 2014 he accepted our invitation to come to UEL’s STAMP lecture to commemorate the untimely death of Peter Gowan, an event co-sponsored with the Ralph Miliband and Barry Amiel Trust. In January 2015 he became a MP, elected on Syriza’s lists. In 1999, Tsoukalas published in this journal’s launching issue, ‘European modernity and Greek national identity’. This is a follow-up text in the same anti-nationalist vein on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the (March 1821) Greek uprising against the Ottomans. We have omitted heavy referencing to render the text with the immediacy it deserves. It is a great honour to have him on the Advisory Board of our journal.