Lomonosov Moscow State University Research Articles

News of Scientific Life - Information on the General Seminar of the Department of Probability, Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Spring Term 2023

News of Scientific Life - Information on the General Seminar of the Department of Probability, Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Spring Term 2023

Подготовка и развитие стратегических талантов в Кузбассе

Talent development is a strategic priority of talent management. It engages youth in the implementation of various strategies at different levels. The Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass) has created an entire ecosystem that raises young strategists. Kuzbass Governor Sergei Tsivilev set up the Department or Regional and Industrial Strategizing. Its goal is to promote the strategic guidelines stipulated in long-term plans of regional development, as well as to provide the region with strategic human resources. The Department is a joint project between the Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Kemerovo State University. The cooperation agreement was signed on November 7, 2019. In 2020, the Kemerovo State University launched a Master’s Degree program in Economic and Financial Strategy. Along with the Moscow State University and The National University of Science and Technology (MISiS), the Kemerovo State University became one of the three domestic institutions that were the first to start training specialists in strategizing. Professor Vladimir Kvint’s School of Young Strategists is an international academic project that identifies strategically gifted children and develops their strategic thinking. The Kemerovo Region is the current leader in the number of schools that participate in Vladimir Kvint’s School of Young Strategists.

Range extension and expanded description of Micryletta hekouensis Liu, Hou, Mo & Rao, 2021 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae), with comments on Micryletta of Northern Vietnam

The Paddy frog species Micryletta hekouensis was described based on only two specimens from Nanxi Village, Nanxi Town, Hekou County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Herein, we report on new findings and a range extension of this species based on a re-examination of preserved specimens deposited in Duy Tan University (DTU) and Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University (ZMMU) collected from Vietnam. All new specimens were previously identified as Micryletta cf. inornata or M. cf. steinegeri. Molecular analyses based on mitochondrial DNA supported the morphological findings. The newly identified specimens have a pairwise divergence of only 0.7% from those of the type series of M. hekouensis, based on the 16s rRNA mtDNA gene. Based on the new information, we confirm the presence of M. hekouensis in Vietnam and update the diagnostic characters of this species and its distribution. We suggest the species should be considered as Near Threatened (NT) following the IUCN’s Red List categories. Further studies reassessing the populations of the Micryletta inornata complex in the Indochinese Region (including Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand) are required.

On the art critic M. I. Fabrikant’s report “The second five-year plan of scientific libraries for arts” (on the history of Soviet librarianship in the 1930s)

The personal archive of the art critic M. I. Fabricant (1887–1966), now in the collection of the Scientific Library of Lomonosov Moscow State University, comprises many documents in the book science, arts bibliography, and Soviet-era library science. The author publishes the exegetical text of the two draft versions of the report by M. I. Fabricant “The second five-year plan of scientific libraries for arts”. The dating of this document, presumably written shortly before June 19, 1932, is substantiated; the historical and political situation in the country of that period is described. The library science terminology then emerging and reflecting the political rhetoric of the five-year plans for Soviet economy is discussed. The use of technical terms in the humanitarian sphere is accentuated, e. g. “cultural construction”, “library construction”; within the collectivization paradigm, the terms characterized new methods of organization of work: “collection mobilization”, “consolidation”, “association”, “centralization”, “affiliating”, “hubbing”, “hub (central) library”, “general arts departments”; or the terms reflected the collective nature of work, like “brigades”, “groups” of museum libraries, art experts, “mass reader”, “library activists”. The number of terms characterized the specifics of museum libraries: “special library”, “scientific library”, “cultural and historical library”, “arts library”, “scientific library for arts”, “museum library”, “museum and arts library”, “isobibliothek” [“fine arts library”], “library for arts studies”.Scientific specificity of HAC: 5.10.4. “Library science, bibliography and book science (philological sciences)”.

«Он видел особую миссию русского народа». Почему философ Владимир Соловьев считал, что Россия объединит все человечество?

The conversation of the correspondent of “Lenta.ru” within the framework of the History of Russian Thought project, with Boris Mezhuyev, Associate Professor of the Department of History of Russian Philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy of Lomonosov Moscow State University, devoted to the modern significance of V. Solovyov's philosophy of unity, his social mission, as well as about the complex aspects of his religious worldview, which have recently caused acute controversy. It is reported that V. Solovyov managed to create a philosophical system that meets the deep features of the national consciousness, that he tried to give Christianity a kind of social mission and, on the other hand, point out that the main problems of humanity will not be solved if it rejects the Gospels and leaves the church. The conversation emphasizes that Vladimir Solovyov remained the number one thinker in Russia for his contemporaries throughout almost his entire life. And he strengthened his status as a prophet by predicting the coming unification of Europe, the power of China and even the confrontation of Western countries with the Islamic world. It is argued that the philosopher saw the future of humanity in the unification of all Christians, which would end the wars that were inevitable until then. And Russia and the Russian people, with their idea of self-denial and striving for integrity, had to play a key role in this unification. The conversation also tells how Solovyov explained the contradictions of the West and the East and how he saw the future of the Russian people.

About the VI International Winter Demographic School at Lomonosov Moscow State University

The VI International Winter Demographic School was held on February 1–3, 2024 as part of the career guidance work of the Higher School of Modern Social Sciences (faculty) of Lomonosov Moscow State University in order to popularize demographic knowledge and increase the demographic literacy of listeners. The work of the School was prepared and organized by the Department of Demography of the Higher School of Social Sciences on a free basis in a mixed offline and online format on the Zoom platform.

Morphological peculiarity of the fossil bison (<i>Bison priscus</i>) from Yakutia

The steppe bison (Bison priscus) is one of the most widespread and numerous representatives of the mammoth fauna. However, the features of the extinction of steppe bison at the end of the Pleistocene and their replacement by modern forms of the American bison (Bison bison) and European bison (Bison bonasus) have not yet been fully studied. Thus, complete skulls of fossil steppe bison are of great interest for studies on taxonomy and kinship relations in the genus Bison. This article presents the results of a study of the finely preserved skull of a fossil bison found in the Verkhoyansk district (Yakutia). This skull was compared by its morphological and osteometric features with other bison skulls, which were found at different times and locations in Upper Pleistocene deposits, as well as with the skulls of modern American bison Bison bison from the collection of the Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. Standard morphometric indicators of bison skulls and horns were obtained using the Skinner and Kaisen measurement methods. Analysis showed that skulls of Bison priscus from Late Pleistocene sediments of Yakutia, according to most parameters, correspond to the maximum size of modern American bison Bison bison or even larger than the latter. The horns of bison from the Late Pleistocene are 1.5–2 times larger in size than the horns of modern bison and are comparable to those of the Middle Pleistocene long-horned bison B. p. crassicornis Richardson (=longicornis). The disproportion in the size of the skull and horns of the Late Pleistocene bison is due to their habitat in the open landscapes of the Arctic steppe. The morphological uniqueness of the steppe bison of the Late Pleistocene in Yakutia has prospects for further research, because it deserves to be identified as an independent taxon (subspecies), which is relevant for regional paleontology and stratigraphy.

The Functions of Journalism in the Context of Professional Culture Through the Eyes of Russian Students Learning TV Journalism

In the context of global turbulence, the importance of journalists understanding their mission and motivation to implement the functions of the media as a social institution is growing. In this paper, attention is focused on the study of ideas about the functions of future television workers studying at the specialized department of the Faculty of Journalism of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The survey showed that students are primarily focused on the implementation of the traditional triad of functions: informational, entertainment and educational. The majority of respondents saw their major task as informing the audience, which they understood as the main and most important task of the media. The second most popular was the entertainment function, the importance of which the students have proved to be a feature of the modern media space, where news can be learned from digital media, while television is used for recreation and entertainment. As a priority, students also often referred to the cultural and educational function, which contributes to the development of both the individual and society. The study also demonstrated the growing attention of students to the function of public opinion management. The social value of investigative journalism and the importance of implementing the control function of the media were noted in several responses, but were not in demand. The respondents justified not only the importance of a managerial function, but also an entertainment, cultural and educational one, believing that journalists should help viewers distract from the agenda.

ON THE 100th ANNIVERSARY OF VASILY DIMITRIEVICH DIMITRIEV

The relevance of studying the biography of a prominent Soviet and Russian scientist, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Vasily Dimitrievich Dimitriev is due to the growing interest in representatives of the second post–war generation of historians who made a great contribution to the development of historical education and to studying the problems of national history in the second half of the twentieth – early 21st century. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the biography of V.D. Dimitriev, who, mastering and successfully implementing research practices, in his writings focused on studying the medieval history of the Chuvash people and the Chuvash region, as well as problems of ethnography, demography and historical memory. Materials and methods. The analysis of V.D. Dimitriev’s organizational, pedagogical and scientific activities is based on the study of the historian’s scientific heritage, historiographical literature, memoirs and Internet sources. When writing the article, the principle of historicism, the historiographical approach, the biographical method, as well as methods of systematic and comparative analysis were used, which made it possible to reveal the scientist’s diverse activities during the longitudinal period. Study results. Three stages of V.D. Dimitriev’s life were established. During the first stage (1924–1942), his personality was developing, his studies at the historical faculty of the Chuvash Pedagogical Institute were effective, during which he was elected secretary of the Komsomol committee of the university. The second stage (1942–1945) was conditioned by the Great Patriotic War, during which, after graduating from military school, he showed heroism defending the Soviet Homeland. The talent of the prominent Soviet and Russian historian Vasily Dmitrievich Dimitriev was fully revealed in the post-war period. Completing his studies at the Chuvash Pedagogical Institute, working at the Chuvash Research Institute of Language, Literature and History, and studying at the postgraduate training program of Lomonosov Moscow State University gave a powerful impetus to his organizational, scientific and pedagogical activities, which significantly influenced the effectiveness of his research practices in studying the medieval history problems of the Chuvash people and the Chuvash Region. An assessment of the historian’s scientific heritage and his contribution to the development of historical education in Chuvashia in the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the 21st century is also presented. Conclusions. The role of V.D. Dimitriev in the development of the Chuvash Research Institute of Language, Literature, History and Economics, historical education in Chuvashia in the modern period is revealed. He is proved to be one of the leaders of historian’s scientific school of the Chuvash Republic.

RUSSIAN LANGUAGE FOR SPEECH ACTIONS: TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF IGOR G. MILOSLAVSKIY

The article deals with the direction in linguistics focused on the description of the language for productive and receptive speech actions. The developer of this direction, Igor G. Miloslavskiy, proves in his writings that the classification approach is clearly insufficient to describe in full the language understood as activity. Orientation to the reflection of reality and to the understanding of speech activity as a set of receptive and productive actions lead to the understanding that language serves to ensure speaking / writing and understanding when listening and reading. Different initial data (meaning and text) require that the grammars intended for reception and production should have fundamental differences. The speaker/writer’s goal is (ideally) to strive to make an accurate choice of language units and ways of connecting them that correspond to his intention. For a person reading / listening, the most important task is to extract complete and accurate content from lexical and phraseological units in the process of listening or reading, as well as distinguishing between objective and subjective meanings contained in the statement. As convincingly, showed Miloslavskiy, the activity approach to the language, demanded by life and society, is able to ensure the effective development of the linguistics of the future. The article presents a brief review of the works of Igor G. Miloslavskiy and the main stages of his scientific and pedagogical activity, strongly associated with the Lomonosov Moscow State University

USING AN E-LEARNING RESOURCE TO DEVELOP ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS

The article is devoted to the problem of integrating ICT in the process of foreign language teaching in higher education and offers a step-by-step description of the pedagogical approach for developing academic writing skills of undergraduate students of the Faculty of World Politics at Lomonosov Moscow State University. The teaching a foreign language for special purposes to future specialists in international relations presupposes not only mastering a vast corpus of specialist vocabulary but also the ability to write professional texts of different genres. The article describes the experience of using the MOODLE e-learning platform which optimises the teaching of foreign language writing skills through collaborative learning and student-to-student and teacher-to-student interaction. By describing different stages involved in preparation of students' research report the paper gives practical recommendations on how to organize Internet-based writing activities and use online learning as an additional tool in regular classes. on “Professional Communication in Politics”, specifying a set of tasks and exercises to consolidate writing skills both in-class and self -study hours, using an electronic educational resource MOODLE. The paper concludes that MOODLE platform is an effective resource that offers a powerful set of web-based tools for a flexible array of activities to improve the quality of English language classrooms and enhance students' learning.

Подготовка экономистов-стратегов как одно из стратегических направлений развития системы образования опорного университета Кузбасса

Strategizing is a relevant area of professional activity that requires new specialists capable of innovative strategic thinking. As a result, the Kemerovo State University has launched a Master’s degree program in Economic and Financial Strategy. It provides high-quality economic education based on the current social demands and advanced trends. Its graduates undergo an in-depth training in economic strategy with prospects of becoming leaders in various aspects of the regional industry. Designed as an analogue of the world-class Master’s program at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, the curriculum has a certain regional specificity. It is based on the local needs in the implementation of the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Kemerovo Region through 2035. The Strategy with its long-term prospects was developed by the scientific school of strategizing. The school is headed by Professor Vladimir L. Kvint, Doctor of Economics, Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for Mathematical Research of Complex Systems, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Траектория развития отечественной школы стратегирования: взгляд сквозь время

Strategy, as a relatively young science, is constantly developing and enriching itself. The Russian national school of strategizing was founded by Professor Vladimir L. Kvint. The school has already formed outstanding theoretical and methodological foundations, as well as accumulated significant practical experience as it designed and implemented developmental strategies for countries, regions, cities, industries, and enterprises. Vladimir Kvint has implemented an extensive long-term practice of teaching the theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing at Master’s Degree Programs located at Lomonosov Moscow State University with its branches in Slovenia and Armenia, Kemerovo State University, and MISIS University of Science and Technology. The programs allow specialists to develop a system of strategic thinking and professional competencies in the field of strategizing. This article celebrates Vladimir Kvint’s 75th birthday by praising his main achievements in science and academia as an outstanding theorist and practitioner of strategizing in Russia and abroad.

Information about the Scientific and Methodological Seminar “Linguodidactic Description of the Russian Language in the ‘mirror’ of Foreign Language Systems”

On November 1–2, 2023, a scientific and methodological seminar “Linguodidactic description of the Russian language in the ‘mirror’ of foreign language systems” was held at the Faculty of Philology of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The event was dedicated to the scientific heritage of Maya Vladimirovna Vsevolodova, the outstanding linguist, Honored Professor of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Honorary Professor of Shanghai University of Foreign Languages and to the 95th anniversary of her birth. 30 reports concerning various issues of theory and practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language and native language were presented in two days.

Teaching Russian Language for Foreign Philology Students: Program, Textbooks, Tutorials

The article is devoted to a new educational and methodological complex created at the Russian Language Department for foreign students at the Philologycal Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The educational and methodological complex includes a program, textbooks and teaching guides intended for language training of foreign philology students. The article examines the features of this contingent of students (needs, goals of language training, duration and prospects of training), substantiates the need to update educational materials in the conditions of the modern educational paradigm, and characterizes all the components of the new set of educational materials. The new program is described in detail and was coordinated with the levels of language training identified in the State Standards (B2, C1). Moreover, the textbooks that provide the educational process throughout the entire period of study (1st to 4th year of bachelor’s degree), as well as teaching guides that complement and deepen the language course presented in the textbooks, are analyzed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the linguistic and methodological principles underlying textbooks and teaching guides.

Social adaptation features of Chinese students to online learning in a university

The article presents the results of a search sociological study conducted in September-October 2023 on the problem of impact of online learning practices on the social adaptation of foreign students in a Russian university. The empirical objects were Chinese citizens studying at Lomonosov Moscow State University and currently located on the territory of Russia. In the research, the online questionnaire method provided answers to questions about the attitude of Chinese students to organisation of the educational process, to the practices of their interaction and communication in small study groups. It has been empirically proven that the attitude of Chinese students to any form of education depends on how much the issue of overcoming the language barrier and building intercultural communication has been resolved in a particular educational practice. At the same time, a positive attitude towards online learning is associated by Chinese students with the opportunity to study without having to stay in the territory of the Russian Federation, and a negative one is associated with communication problems, in particular, with the lack of direct communication with a teacher or supervisor. It was revealed that the most psychologically comfortable leaning forms for Chinese students are online classes. There is significant evidence of this category of students’ preference for a separate position, being inside their foreign cultural group and social circle. A more general project on the study of social well-being of students with special educational needs, has been specifically identified as a promising direction for the development of the research topic.

Динамика показателей макроэкономического окружения крупных проектов (по материалам США, Европейского союза, Китая и России)

This article provides an overview of the macroeconomic situation in a number of countries: United States of America, European Union, China and Russia in the 3rd quarter of 2023. Currently important statistical data is used for the analysis, and the mainstream literature is reviewed. The authors mark the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators and describe the causes and possible consequences of the changes. The core indicators considered include GDP level, unemployment rate, inflation rate, key rate, consumer spending, government spending and others. The budget of each country is analyzed. For some indicators, the authors make forecasts of changes in indicators for future periods, taking into account various conjunctural factors. The article was written within the framework of the Crisis Management Center of the School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Individual variability of higher mental functions in preschool children with regard to the material prosperity of the family (neuropsychological analysis)

The problem of human individual development requires not just the accumulation and generalization of data, but also clarification, a systematic understanding of the individual variability of higher mental functions in relation to environmental factors and taking into account the risks associated with their formation.The aim: to identify systematic patterns of correlation between individual variability of higher mental functions of preschool children and the material prosperity of their families.Methods. Traditional neuropsychological tests developed by A.R. Luria and adapted in the neuropsychology laboratory of the Faculty of Psychology at Lomonosov Moscow State University were used. We examined 180 preschool children from families with high, average, and low income.Results. The greatest individual variability in the period of preschool age in relation to the level of material prosperity of the family, are the functions with a long period of formation, these are functions of block III of the brain, and the functions provided mainly by the left hemispheric parts of the brain. Children from the most affluent families have the highest indices of brain block III functions (p < 0.001) and left hemispheric functions (p < 0.001). Preschoolers from low-affluence families had indexes of both front brain function (p < 0.001) and left hemispheric function (p < 0.001) in the zone of negative values.Conclusion. The empirical results of the study allow us to clarify that the factor of material prosperity of the family, both directly, factor-wise, and indirectly, cumulatively, through the system of proximal factors, can make its selective contribution to the variability of indicators of children’s higher mental functions.

КАФЕДРЕ СОЦИОЛОГИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ 25 ЛЕТ: ПОСТЮБИЛЕЙНЫЕ РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ

The article is dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Faculty of Public Administration of Lomonosov Moscow State University and sums up the 25-year period of work of the Department of Management Sociology. However, the department has its own, longer history, going back to the so-called “post- Stalin” period, when large-scale historical changes in education and science began. In this story, “the time spent is measured by formations”, the change of which took place with stunning rapidity — within the time limits of one generation in science, which had the task of comprehending the changes taking place, conceptualizing them within a certain disciplinary framework and at the same time ensuring a continuous educational process and reproduction of scientific and pedagogical personnel. It is precisely such tipping points that will become the subject of our research memoir.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В НОВЫХ ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ И ГЕОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ (ИТОГИ РАБОТЫ XX МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ)

The publication provides an overview of the 20th International Scientifi c Conference “Public Administration in New Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Conditions”, held annually at the Faculty of Public Administration of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. During the conference, new trends in the science and practice of public administration, challenges of the modern world economy, problems and prospects of digital transformation of public administration, problems of regional and municipal management, features of staffing the public administration system, prospects for strategic planning, challenges and prospects of Eurasian integration, the role of BRICS countries on the path to establishing a new world order, issues of anti-crisis management of the public and commercial sectors, modern capabilities for managing social systems and personnel management in the face of the challenges of new times. The economic, political, legal aspects of the functioning of public authority, national issues, historical processes, social transformations, issues of sustainable development of the state, crisis phenomena at the macro-, meso- and micro levels, problems of sustainable business development in the context of modern global processes, new personnel technologies of domestic companies are considered.