Logic Research Articles

Las palabras necesarias de Luis Piedrahita. Creación humorística de un vocabulario científico técnico

Over the last decades, Spain has seen an increase in TV and Radio programmes and in scientific research and educational studies dealing with the correct use of the Spanish language. In parallel, a new tendency has begun to develop, that is to say the creation of a new language through semantic neologisms. This is achieved by decomposing and recomposing existing words and by assigning them a new meaning (LANG, 2009). Over the last few years, this playful tendency has been expressed at its best in the works of Luis Piedrahita. The aim of the present study is to focus on the descriptive-qualitative analysis of the method used by Piedrahita to create his own ‘vocabulary’, through which he describes reality basing on observation, abstraction and logic. The data used for analysis are constituted of a series of words used in the TV shows El Hormiguero and La Ventana and selected on the basis of their distinctive linguistic and cultural features. Our study will also show how Piedrahita, respecting the mechanisms laying behind the process of Spanish word formation, is able to create new words which share a number of common features with technical terms: unambiguity, direct reference to the object or phenomenon, negation of subjectivity, precision and clarity.

EFEKTIVITAS PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PKN BERBASIS OTONOMI DAERAH: SEBUAH STUDI KASUS DESKRIPTIF-KUALITATIF

The aim of this research is to describe the effectivity of civic education learning process regional autonomy based. It is a case study at SMA Negeri 3 Klaten, Central Java. The result of research shows that (1) teachers of civic education understand about regional autonomy as logical demand “bottom up” (grass root level) to have self-management, but the implication of regional autonomy on civic education has not been comprehended fully especially on content and learning process; (2) the teachers of civic education have already done the teaching preparation of civic education regional autonomy based, but there is no specific standard of reference on teaching the civic education management regional autonomy based; (3) the teachers of civic education have tried to organize the teaching and learning activity management by adopting the teaching matters on regional autonomy; (4) the problem of teaching civic education process on regional autonomy is the limitation on teaching facility or teaching media, the limitation of time in teaching, the systematically formulation of civic education concept conducted by regional education department has not been adequate, the civic education competence development still refers to conventional curriculum, the activity of civic education teachers association need to maximize the development of civic education regional autonomy based; (5) the effect of regional autonomy on the quality of civic education teaching process that the school management is not monotonous so the civic education teachers are more creative and innovative to create new ideas on education; (6) through teaching civic education process of regional autonomy based, the teaching and learning activity process is easy to reach, but for total effectivity is still difficult to reach especially to fulfill the teaching and learning competence due to several factors. Key Words : civic education, regional autonomy, teaching and learning effectivity.

Complete power cycle exhaust heat regeneration and second law logic

It is demonstrated, given a sufficiently large positive excess enthalpy of solution reaction between a molecular solid solute and a low boiling point solvent, that the differential in excess enthalpies of solution between the reaction in the solvent's dense liquid and expanded supercritical states will enable the solution, when used as the working fluid in a closed condensing power cycle, to attain complete exhaust heat regeneration. Xenon is used as the solvent to demonstrate the potential. Errors in 18th century logic that helped establish the second law are explained.

Logical Rules and a Preliminary Prototype for Translating Mortality Coding Rules from ICD-10 to ICD-11.

Iris is a system for coding multiple causes of death in ICD-10 and for the selection of the underlying cause of death, based on a knowledge base composed by a large number of rules. With the adoption of ICD-11, those rules need translation to ICD-11. A pre-project has been carried out to evaluate feasibility of transition to ICD-11, which included the analysis of the logical meta-rules needed for rule translation and development of a prototype support system for the expert that will translate the coding rules.

An Ugly Slander to Prophet Muḥammad: Assimilating His Marriage with Zaynab b. Jaḥsh to Prophet David and Bathsheba’s Marriage

An Ugly Slander to Prophet Muḥammad: Assimilating His Marriage with Zaynab b. Jaḥsh to Prophet David and Bathsheba’s Marriage

Development of a Game-Based e-Learning System with Augmented Reality for Improving Students’ Learning Performance

Currently, the school children usually spend a lot of time on the games in their recreational activities and some of them are even addicted to the games. Compared with other extracurricular activities, the e-Learning system reflects the fact that school children are very interested in the games. As a result, educators have lately craved to develop effective teaching activities that allow the school children to learn some subjects and to play the games simultaneously. Therefore, this study is based on an e-Learning system which combines the serious game by Unity3D Game Engine with augmented reality (AR). Students are able to acquire their knowledge and to foster logical skills via this game-based e-Learning system. According to its efficacy and utilities, this study has assessed and compared the game-based e-Learning system with the traditional learning and other e-Learning systems. The experimental results have indicated that the proposed game-based e-Learning system can outperform other existing systems.

Una crítica a la interculturalidad desde la interculturalidad crítica

El concepto “interculturalidad” ha pasado a convertirse en Chile en un tema ampliamente incorporado en discursos sociopolíticos, aunque de manera difusa y vacía de significado. Un concepto “de moda”, diría Catherine Walsh. Tras estos discursos, podemos evidenciar una afirmación del sistema neoliberal, que se refuerza en la permanente dislocación de voluntades para beneficio del propio neoliberalismo y de su lógica de dominación. A partir de estas ideas, el presente artículo mostrará algunos espacios y formas en los que la interculturalidad se devela de esa manera; a la vez que se ofrecerá, desde la crítica, algunas preguntas que alienten el desafío de “lo inter”, revalorando el conflicto, la búsqueda de sus causas, y posibilitando una praxis histórica de liberación.

La difusión del lenguaje terapéutico a través de la literatura gerencial y de autoayuda

La sociedad del “nuevo espíritu del capitalismo” se caracteriza por la profusión del lenguaje terapéutico entre la población, un tipo de lenguaje que responde al desarrollo del malestar que la posmodernidad y el capitalismo feroz causan en los individuos. En dicho contexto, valores como la autonomía, el éxito, la creatividad y el empoderamiento pierden su poder de transformación social para convertirse en herramientas disciplinarias al servicio del sistema neoliberal. En el presente artículo abordaremos dos herramientas que consideramos, contribuyen a la difusión de este tipo de lenguaje: la literatura gerencial dirigida a la clase directiva y la literatura de autoayuda dirigida al público general. Sostendremos que ambos tipos de literatura se caracterizan por un fuerte componente disciplinario y ponen en juego las mismas lógicas discursivas y valores, buscando la mercantilización de las capacidades de los individuos.
 Palabras clave: autoayuda, lenguaje terapéutico, régimen disciplinario, neoliberalismo.

Belief, Knowledge and Faith: A Logical Modal Theory

The concept of God is studied using the ontological argument of Anselm of Canterbury that proves God’s existence using a syllogism based on ontology. Unlike metaphysical arguments that demonstrate the existence of God through the study of being and its attributes, the ontological argument aims to reach this same goal based on a concept of God by means of the idea of an entity “greater than anything that can be conceived”. Descartes’ influence highlighted some of the philosophical difficulties with the inherent dualism implicit in ontology. Logic does not say whether ideas are true or false, as Logic is concerned with right or wrong inference. We take a non-dualist approach in contrast to some of the approaches reviewed. To investigate belief and faith, a modal logical formalization is used, especially modal logic S5, which we find appropriate for presenting arguments. While mathematics and logic can convince, they do not help one to believe in God. This can make us think that reason is not enough to accept God, one must have faith to have access to Him. The relation between reason and faith needs clarification, and the ontological argument requires an unsustainable dualism.

Sovereignty, Biopower, Immunity: Racialized Bodies in Robinson Crusoe

This paper employs theories of biopolitics to examine the narrator’s rise to sovereign power and his exercise of biopower upon racialized bodies in Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe. I argue that race is a crucial factor that not only enables but further complicates Crusoe’s exertion of sovereign authority. Drawing upon the narrative’s conflicted division between, or occasional conflation of, zoe and bios, key terms through which Giorgio Agamben explicates conditions of human life, this paper seeks to create an intervention in existing scholarly discussions by examining the complex nature of Crusoe’s sovereign power and sovereign exception. By closely examining scenes where Crusoe interacts with cannibals and his slave/companion Friday, with a particular focus on the narrator’s initial reluctance in, and ultimate enforcement of, punishing cannibals for their barbarity, this paper explores configurations of race in Defoe’s early novel. The analysis mainly focuses on how different characters’ racial identities serve as impacting factors in Crusoe’s sovereign decision. Crusoe’s sovereign power becomes a hybridized version of governing, in which elements of absolute sovereignty and disciplinary training merge. Roberto Esposito’s logic of immunization anchors the reading of Crusoe’s incorporation of the racialized Other into his sovereignty, in which his initial desire to establish a protective boundary between himself and foreign, threatening elements becomes altered. I read Crusoe’s education of Friday as a process of dilution that takes place in advance of immunization via vaccination. Tracing the theoretical discussions of governmentality and sovereignty in biopolitical theory through Defoe’s early novel, this paper seeks to examine how race serves as a biopolitical factor in Crusoe’s attempt to establish his sovereign power on the island.

Pelatihan Implementasi Pembelajaran Berorientasi pada Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi bagi Guru-Guru SMP Negeri 7 Depok, Jawa Barat

TRAINING ON IMPLEMENTATION OF LEARNING ORIENTED ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL FOR TEACHERS OF SMP NEGERI 7 DEPOK, WEST JAVA. Learning oriented towards higher-order thinking skills is a learning activity that aims to improve students' ability to think critically, creatively, analytically, and logically. This Community Service activity aims to improve the competence of teachers of SMP Negeri 7 Depok, West Java in implementing learning that is oriented to higher-order thinking skills. The method used in this training is a workshop that refers to the genre pedagogy training model, which starts with conditioning, modeling, designing learning together, and finishing learning independently. After participating in training activities, teachers can design and implement learning activities oriented to high-level skills well. The results of the training can be used as a model for better learning and are relevant to the demands of the 2013 Curriculum.

Modal extension of ideal paraconsistent four-valued logic and its subsystem

This study aims to introduce a modal extension M4CC of Arieli, Avron, and Zamansky's ideal paraconsistent four-valued logic 4CC as a Gentzen-type sequent calculus and prove the Kripke-completeness and cut-elimination theorems for M4CC. The logic M4CC is also shown to be decidable and embeddable into the normal modal logic S4. Furthermore, a subsystem of M4CC, which has some characteristic properties that do not hold for M4CC, is introduced and the Kripke-completeness and cut-elimination theorems for this subsystem are proved. This subsystem is also shown to be decidable and embeddable into S4.

How Is Innovation Influenced by Logic, Emotion and Representation?

How Is Innovation Influenced by Logic, Emotion and Representation?

U.S. Law’s Artificial Cabining of Moral Rights: The Copyrightability Prerequisite and Cady Noland’s Log Cabin

In currently pending litigation, Cady Noland has sought to exercise the rights of attribution and integrity in relation to Log Cabin Facade; in this context, the Office’s denial of registration has resulted in complex legal arguments with both philosophical and practical implications. Against the backdrop of the Log Cabin controversy, this Article probes the conflict between the values and objectives underlying moral rights versus the “dominant,” economic theory of pre-existing copyright law. A critical question emerges: whether the “safeguards” imposed by limitations on the scope of copyrightability logically apply to the grant or denial of certain core moral rights protections for the single, original “copy” of an artwork. Concluding that they do not, this Article argues that recognition of an object as “artwork” by the relevant artistic community should “wag the dog” with respect to the artwork’s entitlement to such core moral rights protections, irrespective of its copyrightability.

Thoughts for the Future Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Rapid industrial and technological development of the last 100-150 years has caused radical changes to traditional human society, transforming it into a modern society of knowledge and globalisation. As a result, formal education at all levels, from elementary to university/tertiary, faces the great challenge of preparing students for the forthcoming era of a new but not yet well-known industrial revolution. This new era could be characterised as the era of the Internet of Things and Energy and Cyber-Physical Systems. This chapter focuses on the role computers and Artificial Intelligence could play in future education as well as the risks hiding behind it. It concludes that it is highly unlikely for computers and other “clever” Artificial Intelligence machines to replace teachers in the future, because all these devices were created and programmed by humans. It is therefore logical to accept that they will never be able to achieve the quality and independence of human thought. However, it is certain that the role of the teacher will dramatically change in future classrooms.

Policy Framing and Party Competition: The Italian Political Debate on Local Public Services since the Economic Crisis

In recent years many European governments reacted to the economic crisis introducing austerity measures that particularly affected Local Public Services (LPSs) through outsourcing, privatization and marketization. While several studies have analysed the logics of instruments choice also in this policy sector, the political discourses and policy frames that accompanied the tools selection for the management of LPSs in the last years have been paid limited attention in the scholarly literature. Starting from these premises, the article analyses the debate on LPSs that has developed in Italy since 2008, reconstructing the frames used by the main parties through the analysis of both electoral manifestos and press reviews of articles relevant to LPSs in three newspapers. Particular attention is paid to the 2011 referendum against the privatization of LPSs and the 2018 referendum on local public transportation management in Rome. The paper concludes that the economic crisis and subsequent transformations of party politics and participation encouraged a politicization of the issues around local public services, as well as a shift in the related policy discourse. The parties' choices and policy frames were guided mainly by a strategic logic defined in relation to the salience of the LPS issue and the competitive context.

Three-valued soft set and its multi-criteria group decision making via TOPSIS and ELECTRE

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a generalization of Molodtsov's approach to soft sets obtained by passing from the classical two-valued logic underlying those sets to a three-valued logic, where the third truth value can usually be interpreted as either non-determined or unknown. This extension of soft set approach allows for more intuitive and clearer representation of various decision making problems involving incomplete or uncertain information. In other words, it is a useful way to analyze soft set based multi-criteria group decision making problems under the lack of information resulting from the inability to determine the data. In this paper, we introduce the concept of three-valued soft set and its some basic operations and products. We propose the formulas to calculate all possible choice values for each object in the (weighted) three-valued soft sets, and thus calculate their respective decision values. By modifying the TOPSIS and ELECTRE methods to deal with multi-criteria group decision problems, three-valued soft set based decision making algorithms are constructed. To demonstrate the practicality of these algorithms, we address the outstanding examples adapted from the decision problems in real-life. Lastly, some aspects of the efficiency of the proposed algorithms are discussed with computational experiments.

Effect of Gamelan Selonding Commodification on Balinese Society

This paper aimed at answering the challenge to understand, provide an interpretation of the empirical phenomenon combined with logic systems, and truth values. The writing mechanism is to analyze the described text, used as a starting point to find out and understand the effect of gamelan selonding commodification on Balinese society. Gamelan selonding is a set of gamelan instruments whose blades all shaped. The blade material is made of iron. It is often referred to as gamelan selonding wesi. The slats are hung above the pelawah [paddle] following a predetermined row of tones. It is developed empowering the potential tradition in the formulation of modern performance art expressions. It has given more space to Balinese artists to produce new nuanced products by empowering their traditional conditions. The efforts of creativity and innovation carried out, in many ways affect the way of viewing and understanding of the gamelan selonding so that commodification is inevitable. Commodification is an effort to search for artists to realize new works with the dimensions of space and time, oriented to the present aesthetic and enlightenment to answer future challenges.n

Logic of building interfaces in the software

Через постійне зростання інформації у світі з’являються нові виклики не лише в задачах обробки і зберігання великих масивів даних, а й у подачі результатів обробки та аналізу кінцевому користувачу програмних додатків. Основною задачею статті є оглядовий аналіз певних підходів до подачі інформації у вигляді, в якому її сприйняття відбувається швидше шляхом застосування принципів оптимальної візуальної подачі інформації і оптимальної взаємодії з користувачем. У статті розглядаються поняття візуального представлення і візуальної взаємодії та відмінності між ними. Аналізуються основні складові для побудови візуального представлення програмних додатків, в тому числі шрифти та такі їхні характеристики як розбірливість та читабельність. Також розглянуті різні властивості кольорів, наведено класифікацію за усередненим сприйняттям різного забарвлення в навколишньому середовищі та вплив білого простору на читабельність. З точки зору побудови оптимальної візуальної взаємодії можна завжди використати інструментарій A/B тестів, проте, на думку авторів, значно ефективніше проводити тести відносно незначних змін, застосовуючи певні принципи побудови візуальної взаємодії. Серед таких принципів в статті проаналізовані наступні закони: закон Якоба, який вказує на необхідність використання вже сталих і звичних компонентів чи сценаріїв візуальної взаємодії без їх суттєвої зміни, застосовуючи досвід користувача в інших програмних продуктах; закон Хіка, який регулює кількість одночасних опцій, доступних для користувача на одному екрані; закон Гештальта про спільні межі, який регулює способи групування елементів шляхом відмежування області від оточуючих елементів певною межею; закон Гештальта про близькість об’єктів, які знаходяться поруч і сприймаються мозком людини як групи; закон Фітса про важливість легкодоступності основних елементів та необхідності їх розміщення в безпосередній близькості до користувача. Наведено практичні приклади використання вказаних законів.

A Generalized Proof-Theoretic Approach to Logical Argumentation Based on Hypersequents

In this paper we introduce hypersequent-based frameworks for the modelling of defeasible reasoning by means of logic-based argumentation and the induced entailment relations. These structures are an extension of sequent-based argumentation frameworks, in which arguments and the attack relations among them are expressed not only by Gentzen-style sequents, but by more general expressions, called hypersequents. This generalization allows us to overcome some of the known weaknesses of logical argumentation frameworks and to prove several desirable properties of the entailments that are induced by the extended (hypersequent-based) frameworks. It also allows us to incorporate as the deductive base of our formalism some well-known logics (like the intermediate logic LC, the modal logic S5, and the relevance logic RM), which lack cut-free sequent calculi, and so are not adequate for standard sequent-based argumentation. We show that hypersequent-based argumentation yields robust defeasible variants of these logics, with many desirable properties.